Dichlorodifluoromethane CAS #: 75-71-8 Revised By: RRD Toxicology Unit Revision Date: August 17, 201

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Chemical Name: Dichlorodifluoromethane CAS #: 75-71-8 Revised By: RRD Toxicology Unit Revision Date: August 17, 201

(A) Chemical-Physical Properties Part 201 Value Updated Value Reference Source Comments

Molecular Weight (g/mol) 120.91 120.91 EPI EXP

Physical State at ambient temp Liquid Gas MDEQ

Melting Point (˚C) 138 -158.00 EPI EXP

Boiling Point (˚C) -29.8 -29.80 EPI EXP

Solubility (ug/L) 3.00E+5 2.80E+05 EPI EXP

Vapor Pressure (mmHg at 25˚C) 4864 4.85E+03 EPI EXP

HLC (atm-m³/mol at 25˚C) 2.60 3.43E-01 EPI EXP

Log Kow (log P; octanol-water) 2.15 2.16 EPI EXP

Koc (organic carbon; L/Kg) 60.4 43.89 EPI EST Ionizing Koc (L/kg) NR NA NA

Diffusivity in Air (Di; cm2/s) 0.08 7.30E-02 W9 EST

Diffusivity in Water (Dw; cm2/s) 8.0E-6 1.0233E-05 W9 EST Soil Water Partition Coefficient NR NR NA NA (Kd; inorganics)

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

Part 201 Value Updated Value Reference Source Comments

Flash Point (˚C) NA NA NA NA Lower Explosivity Level (LEL; NA NA NA NA unit less) Critical Temperature (K) 384.95 EPA2004 EXP

Enthalpy of Vaporization 9.42E+03 EPA2004 EXP (cal/mol) 3 Density (g/mL, g/cm ) 1.35 PC EXP

EMSOFT Flux Residential 2 m 2.71E-05 2.81E-05 EMSOFT EST (mg/day/cm2) EMSOFT Flux Residential 5 m 6.67E-05 6.93E-05 EMSOFT EST (mg/day/cm2) EMSOFT Flux Nonresidential 2 m 3.87E-05 4.49E-05 EMSOFT EST (mg/day/cm2) EMSOFT Flux Nonresidential 5 m 9.48E-05 1.10E-04 EMSOFT EST (mg/day/cm2)

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

(B) Toxicity Values/Benchmarks Source/Reference/ Comments/Notes Part 201 Value Updated Value Date /Issues PPRTV, Reference Dose 2.3E-1 5.0E-3 (RfD) (mg/kg/day) 2010/MDEQ 2015 Tier 2 Source: Complete PPRTV: Basis: PPRTV is a more current evaluation than IRIS. PPRTV (9/29/2010) subchronic p-RfD = 5.0E-2. MDEQ applied an additional UF = 10 for use of a Rat chronic subchronic exposure study. PPRTV notes that the subchronic p-RfD is lower than dietary study the IRIS RfD as a database uncertainty factor was not considered at the time that (Sherman 1974). the IRIS chronic RfD was derived. NOAEL = 300; UF Critical Study (ies): Sherman, H. (1974) Long-term feeding studies in rats and dogs = 100. (300mg/kg with dichlorodifluoromethane (FREON 12 food freezant). Haskell Laboratory for x 0.076kg/kg bw = Toxicology and Industrial Medicine. Medical Research Project No. 1388. Haskell 22.8/100 = Laboratory Report No. 24–74. Unpublished study conducted for DuPont de 0.23mg/kg/day). Nemours Co. Critical effect = Method(s): Long-term oral toxicity studies in two species (rats and dogs) and a reduced body multi-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats. Weanling Charles River CD RfD details weight. *IRIS oral rats (50/sex/dose) from dams exposed during gestation were administered RfD (2E-1) dichlorodifluoromethane (purity not reported) via gavage at 0, 0.2, or 2% in corn changed. oil 7 days/week for 6 weeks and 5 days/week thereafter for 2 years The chronic Replaced IRIS rat study includes quarterly tabulation (i.e., every 3 months) of average body- assumed rat food weight gains. In female rats, compared to controls, exposure was associated with consumption a significant (i.e., >10%) reduced body-weight gain in every quarter from initiation value with MDNR to terminus of study. For the first quarter, Days 0–91 of the study, a sub chronic default value. LOAEL of 150 mg/kg-day and NOAEL of 15 mg/kg-day are identified based on a Source: IRIS reduction in body-weight gain in females. Sherman (1974) also administered CCD/RRD date: dichlorodifluoromethane (purity not specified) to Beagle dogs (4/sex/dose) at 0, 7/22/1985 300, or 3,000 ppm in the diet for 2 years. Critical effect: decreased body-weight gain End point or Point of Departure (POD): NOAEL = 15 mg/kg-day (Although NOAELs are also available from the studies for systemic toxicity in dogs (Sherman, 1974), reproductive toxicity in rats (Sherman, 1974), and developmental toxicity in rats

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

Source/Reference/ Comments/Notes Part 201 Value Updated Value Date /Issues (Culik and Sherman, 1973) these occurred at higher dichlorodifluoromethane doses) Uncertainty Factors: UF = 300 (10 each for interspecies variability and interspecies extrapolation, and 3 for database inadequacies) Source and date: PPRTV, 9/29/2010

Tier 1 and 2 Sources: IRIS: Per IRIS (11/01/1995), RfD = 2.0E-1 mg/kg-day. The RfD was derived as follows: Critical Study: Sherman, H. 1974. Long-term feeding studies in rats and dogs with dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12 Food Freezant). Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine Report No. 24-74.) Method(s): Dogs and rats were exposed to 300 ppm or 3,000 ppm of dichlorodifluoromethane in the diet for 2 years Critical effect: reduced body weight End point or Point of Departure (POD): NOAEL = 300 ppm (converted to 15 mg/kg/day assuming 1 ppm = 0.05 mg/kg-day rat consumption) Uncertainty Factors: UF = 100 (10 each for interspecies variability and interspecies extrapolation) Source and date: IRIS, Last revision date - 11/01/1995. An IRIS comprehensive review of toxicological studies in 2005 did not identify significant new data. MRL: No MRL record available at this time.

Tier 3 Source: MDEQ: Per DEQ-CCD/RRD (7/22/1985), RfD = 2.3E-1 mg/kg-day. See Part 201 Value RfD details. Oral Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) -- NA MDEQ, 2015 (mg/kg-day)-1) Carcinogen Weight-of-Evidence (WOE) Class: “Inadequate Information to Assess Complete [the] Carcinogenic Potential” NA CSF details IRIS WOE Basis: human cancer data are lacking, and the available animal data are inadequate to assess potential carcinogenicity. Genotoxicity data are primarily 4

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

Source/Reference/ Comments/Notes Part 201 Value Updated Value Date /Issues negative. Source and Date: PPRTV, 9/29/2010 Tier 1 and 2 Sources: IRIS: Per IRIS (11/01/1995), no value at this time. IRIS has not evaluated dichlorodifluoromethane for evidence of carcinogenic potential. PPRTV: Per PPRTV (9/29/2010), no value at this time. MRL: NA; MRLs are for non-cancer effects only.

Tier 3 Source: MDEQ: Per DEQ-CCD, no value at this time. Reference Concentration PPRTV, (RfC) or Initial 4.95E+4 3.3 E+2 Threshold 2010/MDEQ, 2015 Screening Level (ITSL) (µg/m³) ACGIH TLV key Tier 3 Source: Complete study based on PPRTV: Prendergast et al. Basis: PPRTV evaluation is more current than IRIS. PPRTV (9/29/2010) subchronic (1967). p-RfD = 1.0E+0 mg/m3 . MDEQ applied an additional UF of 3 to account for Hepatonecrosis subchronic to chronic exposure extrapolation to derive a chronic RfC = 3.3E-1 and potential mg/m3 (3.3E+2 µg/m3). The composite UF is 3,000. This value has lower pulmonary uncertainty than the PPRTV Screening Value that EPA considers a Tier 3 source. impacts were PPRTV sub chronic p-RfD derivation: RfC/ITSL details seen in guinea Critical Study: Prendergast, JA; Jones, RA; Jenkins, LJ; et al. (1967) Effects on pigs following 90 experimental animals of long term inhalation of trichloroethylene, carbon days continuous tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dichlorodifluoromethane and 1,1- inhalation dichloroethylene. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 10(2):270–289. exposure. Method(s): 6-week intermittent inhalation study in guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, and TLV/100 X 1000 = monkeys ITSL. Critical effect: reduced body weight gain 3 CCD/AQD date: End point or Point of Departure (POD): LOAELHEC = 985 mg/m 7/05/2001. Uncertainty Factors: UF = 1,000 (10 each for interspecies variability and use of a

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

Source/Reference/ Comments/Notes Part 201 Value Updated Value Date /Issues LOAEL and 3 (100.5) each for interspecies extrapolation and database inadequacies). Source and date: PPRTV, 9/29/2010.

Tier 1 and 2 Sources: IRIS: Per IRIS (1/31/1987), no value at this time. PPRTV: PPRTV (9/29/2010) chronic inhalation screening level p-RfC = 1.0E-1 mg/m3. Per PPRTV, a provisional chronic RfC cannot be confidently derived from the Prendergast study die to the high level of overall uncertainty associated with using a 6-week data. EPA considers Screening Value a Tier 3 source. Critical Study: Prendergast, JA; Jones, RA; Jenkins, LJ; et al. (1967) Effects on experimental animals of long term inhalation of trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dichlorodifluoromethane and 1,1- dichloroethylene. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 10(2):270–289. Method(s): 6-week intermittent inhalation study in guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys Critical effect: reduced body weight gain 3 End point or Point of Departure (POD): LOAELHEC = 985 mg/m Uncertainty Factors: UF = 10,000 (10 each for interspecies variability, use of a LOAEL and use of a sub chronic study, and 3 each for interspecies extrapolation and database inadequacies) Source and date: PPRTV, 9/29/2010. MRL: No MRL record available at this time.

Tier 3 Source: MDEQ: Per DEQ-CCD/AQD (7/05/2001), RfC = 4.95E+4 µg/m3. See Part 201 Value RfC/ITSL details. Inhalation Unit Risk Factor -- NA MDEQ, 2015 (IURF) ((µg/m3)-1) Carcinogen Weight-of-Evidence (WOE) Class: “Inadequate Information to Assess Complete IURF details NA [the] Carcinogenic Potential” IRIS WOE Basis: human cancer data are lacking, and the available animal data are 6

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

Source/Reference/ Comments/Notes Part 201 Value Updated Value Date /Issues inadequate to assess potential carcinogenicity. Genotoxicity data are primarily negative. Source and Date: PPRTV, 9/29/2010

Tier 1 and 2 Sources: IRIS: Per IRIS (11/01/1995), no value at this time. IRIS has not evaluated dichlorodifluoromethane for evidence of carcinogenic potential. PPRTV: Per PPRTV (9/29/2010), no value at this time. MRL: NA; MRLs are for non-cancer effects only.

Tier 3 Source: MDEQ: Per DEQ-CCD, no value at this time. Mutagenic Mode of Action -- NO USEPA, 2015 (MMOA)? (Y/N) NA -- MMOA Details Not listed as a carcinogen with mutagenic MOA in the USEPA OSWER List. Developmental or No, the RfD is not based on a reproductive-developmental Reproductive No effect. MDEQ, 2015 Effector? (Y/N) Developmental or Reproductive NA NA Toxicity Details State Drinking Water Standard -- NO SDWA, 1976 (SDWS) (ug/L) SDWS details NA MI Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) 1976 PA 399 Secondary SDWA, 1976 and Maximum -- NO USEPA SMCL List, Contaminant Level (SMCL) (ug/L) 2015 SMCL details NA SDWA, 1976 and USEPA SMCL List, 2015

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

Source/Reference/ Comments/Notes Part 201 Value Updated Value Date /Issues Is there an aesthetic value for NO Not evaluated. NA drinking water? (Y/N) Aesthetic value NA NA NA (ug/L) Aesthetic Value NA NA details Phytotoxicity NO Not evaluated. NA Value? (Y/N) Phytotoxicity NA NA NA details Others

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

(C) Chemical-specific Absorption Factors Source/Reference/ Comments/Notes Part 201 Value Update Dates /Issues Gastrointestinal MDEQ, 2015/ absorption --- 1.0 USEPA RAGS-E, efficiency value (ABSgi) 2004 ABSgi details RAGS E (USEPA, 2004) Default Value Skin absorption efficiency value --- 0.1 MDEQ, 2015 (AEd) AEd details Ingestion Absorption 1.0 MDEQ, 2015 Efficiency (AEi) AEi Details Relative Source Contribution for 0.2 MDEQ, 2015 Water (RSCW)

Relative Source Contribution for 1.0 MDEQ, 2015 Soil (RSCS)

Relative Source Contribution for 1.0 MDEQ, 2015 Air (RSCA)

Others

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

(D) Rule 57 Water Quality Values and GSI Criteria Current GSI value (g/L) 130 (X)

Updated GSI value (g/L) ID

Rule 57 Drinking Water Value (g/L) 2900

Rule 57 Value Verification Date (g/L) Human Non-cancer Values- Drinking water source (HNV-drink) 2900 8/2014

Human Non-Cancer Values- Non-drinking water sources (HNV-Non-drink) 90,000 8/2014

Wildlife Value (WV) NA NA

Human Cancer Values for Drinking Water Source (HCV-drink) NA NA

Human Cancer values for non-drinking water source (HCV-Non-drink) NA NA

Final Chronic Value (FCV) ID 8/2014

Aquatic maximum value (AMV) ID 8/2014

Final Acute Value (FAV) ID 8/2014 Sources: 1. MDEQ Surface Water Assessment Section Rule 57 website 2. MDEQ Rule 57 table

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

(E) Target Detection Limits (TDL) Value Source

Target Detection Limit – Soil (g/kg) 250 MDEQ, 2015

Target Detection Limit – Water (g/L) 5 MDEQ, 2015

Target Detection Limit – Air (ppbv) 9.90E+03 MDEQ, 2015

Target Detection Limit – Soil Gas (ppbv) 3.30E+05 MDEQ, 2015

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET ABBREVIATIONS: W9 USEPA’s User Guide for Water9 Software, Version 2.0.0, 2001 CAS # - Chemical Abstract Service Number.

Section (A) Chemical-Physical Properties Reference Source(s): Basis/Comments: CRC Chemical Rubber Company Handbook of Chemistry EST estimated and Physics, 95th edition, 2014-2015 EXP experimental EMSOFT USEPA Exposure Model for Soil-Organic Fate and EXT extrapolated Transport (EMSOFT) (EPA, 2002) NA not available or not applicable EPA2001 USEPA (2001) Fact Sheet, Correcting the Henry’s NR not relevant Law Constant for Soil Temperature. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, D.C. Section (B) Toxicity Values/Benchmarks EPA4 USEPA (2004) User’s Guide for Evaluating Sources/References: Subsurface Vapor Intrusion into Buildings. February ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 22, 2004. CALEPA California Environmental Protection Agency EPI USEPA’s Estimation Programs Interface SUITE 4.1, CAL DTSC California Department of Toxic Substances Control Copyright 2000-2012 CAL OEHHA CAEPA Office of Environmental Health Hazard HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank Assessment MDEQ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality CCD MDEQ Chemical Criteria Database NPG National Institute for Occupational Safety and ECHA European Chemicals Agency (REACH) Health Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards OECD HPV Organization for Economic Cooperation and PC National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Development HPV Database PubChem database HEAST USEPA’s Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables PP Syracuse Research Corporation’s PhysProp database IRIS USEPA’s Integrated Risk Information System SCDM USEPA’s Superfund Chemical Data Matrix MADEP Massachusetts Department of Environmental SSG USEPA’s Soil Screening Guidance: Technical Protection Background Document, Second Edition, 1996 MDEQ/DEQ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality USEPA/EPA United States environmental protection agency’s DEQ-CCD/AQD MDEQ Air Quality Division Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: DEQ-CCD/RRD MDEQ Remediation and Redevelopment Division Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, DEQ-CCD/WRD MDEQ Water Resources Division Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk MNDOH Minnesota Department of Health Assessment). July, 2004.

CHEMICAL UPDATE WORKSHEET Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

NJDEP New Jersey Department of Environmental RfC Reference concentration Protection RfD Reference dose NYDEC New York State Department of Environmental p-RfD Provisional RfD Conservation aRfD Acute RfD OPP/OPPT USEPA’s Office of Pesticide Programs UF Uncertainty factor PPRTV USEPA’s Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values WOE Weight of evidence RIVM The Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and the Environment Section (C) Chemical-specific Absorption Factors TCEQ Texas Commission on Environmental Quality MDEQ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency USEPA RAGS-E United States Environmental Protection Agency’s USEPA OSWER USEPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Response Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, USEPA MCL USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk WHO World Health Organization Assessment). July, 2004. WHO IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS/INCHEM) Section (D) Rule 57 Water Quality Values and GSI Criteria WHO IARC International Agency for Research on Cancers GSI Groundwater-surface water interface NA Not Available. NA A value is not available or not applicable. NR Not Relevant. ID Insufficient data to derive value NLS No literature search has been conducted Toxicity terms: BMC Benchmark concentration BMCL Lower bound confidence limit on the BMC BMD benchmark dose BMDL Lower bound confidence limit on the BMD CSF Cancer slope Factor CNS Central nervous system IURF or IUR Inhalation unit risk factor LOAEL Lowest observed adverse effect level LOEL Lowest observed effect level MRL Minimal risk level (ATSDR) NOAEL No observed adverse effect level NOEL No observed effect level