OFFICIAL PROGRAM OCTOBER 2017 Join Mel Jones and Get Involved to Change Our Game

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

OFFICIAL PROGRAM OCTOBER 2017 Join Mel Jones and Get Involved to Change Our Game OFFICIAL PROGRAM OCTOBER 2017 Join Mel Jones and get involved to Change our game. From leadership to participation and everything in between, all sport and recreation can benefit from including more women and girls. Let’s work together to shape our future and change our game. Visit changeourgame.vic.gov.au MASTERS Minister for Sport, Tourism and Major Events John Eren - 2017 AFL Masters National Carnival On behalf of the Victorian Government, welcome this year’s AFL Masters National Carnival in Geelong. The AFL Masters Carnival is the premier event for seasoned footballers, and we are delighted to showcase the best of the best in over 30s men’s and women’s competition at Geelong’s iconic Simonds Stadium. The average age of this year’s carnival is a young 47, and fans can look forward to seeing some top action, where local legends of the game will be turning back the clock by taking some big grabs and showing the younger generation how it is done. Since it was established in 1980, AFL Masters has grown to 119 teams from around Australia. It is designed for people to keep fit and have fun – whether they are a novice or footy stalwart. Sporting coups like these also mean serious business for Geelong – they strengthen the local economy and give visitors from around the country an opportunity to see for themselves the best of everything we offer. It is why the Victorian Government is proud to have secured this significant competition and is working to bring more big sporting events to regional Victoria to drive visitation, create jobs and keep local businesses busy. With the final upgrade of Kardinia Park now on the horizon, fans can look forward to seeing more big-ticket blockbuster events and some of the world’s best athletes in their backyard. Congratulations to all the players, coaches and your supporters for your lifelong passion for the game. I am sure you will do your states proud. I would also like to commend the AFL masters family, the umpires, officials and the volunteers for providing this opportunity for our masters to showcase their skills and love of our fantastic homegrown game. In addition to the football, I invite our interstate guests to enjoy the best of everything in Geelong and beyond, including our vibrant culture, fascinating history and natural attractions. On behalf of all Victorians, I hope you enjoy a thrilling and exciting 2017 AFL Masters National Carnival. Hon John Eren MP Minister for Sport, Tourism and Major Events 1 Official Welcome - Events Geelong On behalf of the City of Greater Geelong, we welcome you to the AFL Masters Carnival, Australia’s premier event for masters footballers from across the nation. Along with Geelong Major Events, the Council is proud to support thiS week-long carnival designed to help keep football players aged 30+ fit and enjoying life. We are delighted to be welcoming each player, coach, event organiser and supporter, from every state and territory in Australia, to Geelong for this event. We are glad to be playing host and showing off our fantastic local facilities; Simonds Stadium with its newly completed, world-class Brownlow Stand and fantastic local grounds, Elderslie Reserve and Drew Reserve. We hope that during or after the festival you will take the opportunity to experience and explore some of what our region has to offer; including boutique and big brand shopping, impressive wineries, picturesque beaches and local produce at award-winning cafes and restaurants. To all those competing, we wish you well – play hard, play fair. We hope you have a fantastic time participating in the 2017 AFL Masters Carnival and enjoy spending time in our beautiful city. Dr Kathy Alexander Administrator Chair City of Greater Geelong 2 MASTERS 2017 AFL Masters National Carnival Welcome to Geelong Welcome to Geelong! To all players, umpires, coaches, support staff and their friends and family, welcome to Geelong for the 2017 AFL National Masters Carnival. This year’s event is significant as it marks the 20th anniversary of the first AFL National Masters Carnival, held in Geelong in 1997. Following the success of the inaugural NAB AFL Women’s Competition this year and the introduction of the women’s masters last year, it is expected there will be up to eight women’s teams for this year’s carnival. I’m delighted that Susan Alberti, former Western Bulldogs Vice President and a prominent supporter of women’s football, has accepted the role of Patron for the women’s competition within the carnival. Adelaide, Maroochydore, Sydney, Darwin and the Gold Coast have all hosted Carnivals in recent years and the return to Geelong will be highlighted by the newly upgraded Simonds Stadium, where the majority of matches will be played. Australian Football is truly a game for everyone, from NAB AFL Auskickers through to Masters, and age is no barrier in enjoying our great game. Events of this scale don’t happen without planning, commitment and execution of so many people, so I’d particularly like to highlight the work of the organisers in arranging this year’s AFL National Masters Carnival. Thank you for all your efforts and our best wishes for this success of this year’s event. Finally, I’d liked to wish everyone the best of luck as they take the field this week and hope it’s an enjoyable carnival for all. Gillon McLachlan AFL CEO 3 National President’s Welcome On behalf of the National board I extend a very warm welcome to all competitors, officials and their families to the 2017 Geelong carnival. 1997 was the last time we held the National Carnival in this region so it has been a very long twenty year wait to return. We hope everyone enjoys the local pleasures and tourist highlights the Geelong region has to offer. Let’s hope the weather is kind to us as we know the rest will fall into place throughout the eight days of competition. Vic Country President Wayne Hall and head of the organising committee Charlie Adornetto and Graeme Boyd have worked tirelessly to ensure everything is in place for what looks like being one of our biggest carnivals ever held by AFL Masters. Simonds Stadium is the perfect setting to host our biggest ever carnival, which will compete across six age groups and twelve divisional draws, in both male and female competitions. The draw will be split between three venues on each of the four game days. The Ladies are back this year with their number blossoming to ten teams. NSW will be very keen to defend the inaugural women’s trophy they won last year but will be up against some very tough opposition. This year’s carnival is expected to see in excess of 1000 players and more than 1600 AFL Masters people visiting the Geelong region. The surrounding area has an amazing tourist trail that will keep everyone occupied throughout the eight day plus stay. Our thanks to sponsors, Events Geelong, Victorian State Government, Carlton United Breweries, Sherrin Footballs, Geelong Football Club, St Josephs, St Peters and Newtown football clubs who have generously provided the football ovals. They have all helped ensure that the 2017 AFL Masters National Carnival is not only the biggest ever, but one of the most successful National carnivals as well. There are a number of functions to be held throughout the week. The opening Ceremony as well as the Long Kick and Sprint competitions that will be conducted at Simonds Stadium on Monday evening during the first round of competition. We also have the Welcome Function, Hall of Fame and the SupersClub functions to enjoy, so please refer to your programme or contact your State President for more details. The final night Presentation will be by far the biggest event which celebrates and rewards the week of competition. This will be held at Simonds Stadium on Saturday night after the completion of the final round of football.it is a fabulous night that is not to be missed On behalf of the AFL Masters Board and Management we wish you a fantastic and safe stay here in Geelong, and as always enjoy your “FOOTIE FOR FUN” Steve Eurell National President 4 MASTERS AFL Masters Victorian Country Presidents Welcome On behalf of Vic Country AFL Masters and the Geelong Organising Committee, I would like to extend a warm welcome to the AFL Masters National Executive, State Presidents and officials, Umpires, Coaches, all men and women MAF players and their families to the 2017 Geelong AFL Masters Carnival. It’s been 20 years since Geelong held its last Carnival and certainly things have changed a lot since then. I believe there were only 35’s, 40’s and 50’s competing in 1997, with a total of 28 teams. Please enjoy what the Geelong region has to offer during your visit. There are plenty of great attractions, lots of fantastic food and wine at local winery’s and eateries, and the world class Surf Coast with plenty of beaches to surf at or simply relax at. They have a fantastic water park for the kids and keen adults, “And of course the weather will be fantastic in Geelong” Our matches will be played at the newly renovated Simonds Stadium, home of the mighty Geelong Cats, St Joseph’s Football Ground, St Peter’s Cricket Ground and Newtown Football Club (the last three grounds all within walking distance of each other). All have great playing surfaces. On behalf of AFL Vic Country Masters I would like to thank our Carnival Chairman Charlie Adornetto, and his organising team Graeme Boyd, Peter Cameron, Wayne Allan, Sharon Parker, Vanessa Zorkau, Jane Adornetto and Kevin Blatchford for all their hard work and organisational skills to provide the most enjoyable carnival for all involved.
Recommended publications
  • 2004 Team Managers Handbook
    2018 TEAM MANAGER’S HANDBOOK This document is designed as an operations manual specifically for team managers. It is not a complete set of rules and should be used in conjunction with the WRFL By- Laws WRFL Contact Details Manager – Football Operations: Adam Sparrow (Saturday Contact) Ph: 9315 5400 (office) or 0429 120 203 email: [email protected] Manager Junior Football: Steph Zerowsky (Sunday Contact) Ph: 9315 5400 (office) or 0401 154 730 email: [email protected] WRFL Offices: Level 1 South, Whitten Oval Postal Address: 417 Barkley Street Footscray West Vic 3012 Club Contact Details Administrator: Phone Numbers: E-mail: FOR FURTHER CLARIFICATION ON ANY MATTER LISTED PLEASE REFER TO THE WRFL BY-LAWS ON www.wrfl.asn.au 2018 WRFL TEAM MANAGER’S HANDBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 During the Week 1.1 Registrations 1.2 Junior Registration Process 1.3 Clearances – Internal and External 1.4 Underage Eligibility 1.5 Collection of Team sheets 1.6 Match Times 1.7 Player Clothing Orders 1.8 Coach and Trainer Accreditation 2.0 Game Day – Pre-Game 2.1 Ground Inspection 2.2 Match Day Staff 2.3 Balls 2.4 Player Clothing 2.5 Team sheet 2.6 Umpire Introductions 2.7 Late Arrival Procedures 3.0 Game Day - During the Game 3.1 Blood Rule 3.2 50 Metre Rule 3.3 Player Interchange 3.4 Player Bench 3.5 Order-Off Rule 3.6 Evening Up of Player Numbers 3.7 Under 9 and Under 10 Modified Rules 3.8 Live Scoring - Seniors 4.0 Game Day - After the Game 4.1 Club Umpire Procedures 4.2 Completing the Team sheet 4.3 Reports/Set Penalties 4.4 Communication of Scores 4.5 Return of Paperwork 4.6 Umpire Reports 4.7 Tribunal 4.8 Finals Eligibility Appendix 1 – Evening Up Rule Appendix 2 –Modified Rules for Junior Games Appendix 3 – Ground Locations Appendix 4 – Codes of Conducts Appendix 5 – Time Keepers Instructions Appendix 6 – Modified Junior Girls Rules FOR FURTHER CLARIFICATION ON ANY MATTER LISTED PLEASE REFER TO THE WRFL BY-LAWS ON www.wrfl.asn.au 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Physical Demands of Australian Football League Matches from 2005 to 2017: a Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Samuel J
    Janetzki et al. Sports Medicine - Open (2021) 7:28 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-021-00301-1 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Open Access Evolution of Physical Demands of Australian Football League Matches from 2005 to 2017: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Samuel J. Janetzki1* , Pitre C. Bourdon1, Kevin I. Norton1, Jackson C. Lane1 and Clint R. Bellenger1,2 Abstract Background: There is extensive research investigating the match demands of players in the Australian Football League (AFL). Objective: This systematic literature review and meta-regression sought to analyse the evolution of in-game demands in AFL matches from 2005 to 2017, focusing on the relationship between volume and intensity. Methods: A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted. Included studies examined the physical demands of AFL matches utilising global positioning system (GPS) technology. Meta-regression analysed the shift in reported volume (total distance and total match time) and intensity (metres per minute [m.min−1], sprint duration and acceleration) metrics for overall changes, across quarters and positional groups (forwards, nomadics and defenders) from 2005 to 2017 inclusive and for each year between 2005 and 2007, 2007 and 2010, 2010 and 2012, and 2012 and 2015/2017 breakpoints. Results: Distance (p = 0.094), m.min−1 (p = 0.494), match time (p = 0.591), time over 18 km·h−1 (p=0.271), and number of accelerations greater than 4 km·h−1 (p=0.498) and 10 km·h−1 (p=0.335) in 1 s did not change from 2005 to 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 VAFA Laws of the Game
    2019 VAFA LAWS OF THE GAME UMPIRING OPERATIONS MANAGER • Haydn O’Connor • [email protected] • 0427 333 729 (Monday to Friday) • Umpire Feedback Form (VAFA Portal) ORDER OF EVENTS • Existing VAFA Laws to be changed in 2019 • New VAFA Laws & Interpretations to be introduced in 2019 • Laws not introduced in 2019 • Feedback/Questions EXISTING VAFA LAWS TO BE CHANGED IN 2019 50 METRE PENALTIES The VAFA will now impose 50 metre penalties in all sections in 2019 where a 25 metre penalty has been awarded previously. As per the VAFA Umpiring philosophy only MAJOR and OBVIOUS infringements will result in 50 metre penalties with examples in the interpretations video. HEAD COUNT – PLAYERS EXCEEDING PERMITTED NUMBER • Where a team has more than the permitted number of Players on the playing surface, the following shall apply; (a) A Field Umpire shall award a Free Kick to the captain or acting captain of the opposing Team, which shall be taken at the Centre Circle or where play was stopped, whichever is the greater penalty against the offending Team; (b) a 50 Metre Penalty shall then be imposed from the position where the Free Kick was awarded HEAD COUNT – CORRECT NUMBER • Where a count reveals that the opposing Team has the permitted number of Players on the Playing Surface, the following shall apply; (a) A field Umpire shall award a Free Kick to the captain or acting captain of the opposing Team, which shall be taken at the Centre Circle or where play was stopped, whichever is the greater penalty against the offending team; (b) a 50 Metre Penalty shall then be imposed from the position where the Free Kick was awarded.
    [Show full text]
  • VAFA Field Umpires 2012 Coaching Manual
    VAFA Field Umpires 2012 Coaching Manual EXPECTATIONS In preparing to umpire in the VAFA in 2012, I’d like you to consider what the coaches expectations are of you as umpires. A few thoughts are listed below but you might have others in mind: Strive for an excellent knowledge and understanding of the Laws, their Interpretations and the Spirit of the Laws Train regularly with purpose and enthusiasm Attend and participate fully in coaching sessions Seek continual self-improvement Attempt to apply feedback from your coaches Be open, honest and approachable in your communication with your coaches and the football community Be loyal and supportive of your colleagues Build positive relationships with the football community Take pride in the job that you’re doing Be a role model in behaviour and personal appearance Place the safety and welfare of the match participants above all else More, please… In the two umpire system, umpires using their partner’s whistle as a trigger In the three umpire system, the MZ umpire taking control of ball ups and boundary throw ins from around 35 metres to the arc. Reason: there must always be an umpire in the EZ close to goal Umpires working as a team. Good consultation between all umpires. Plenty of tap throughs, including awareness of the position of the other umpire for “chest tap throughs” For set shots at goal, the umpire staying at the mark until the player with the ball has stopped moving For set shots at goal, the umpire displaying forward vision while and after backing off For effective
    [Show full text]
  • Yarra Junior Football League Umpires Information Booklet Season 2017
    YARRA JUNIOR FOOTBALL LEAGUE UMPIRES INFORMATION BOOKLET SEASON 2017 Umpire within the Spirit of the Laws Carry Out Administrative Duties Above all “Enjoy” your Umpiring Message from the Umpires Coaching Panel Congratulations to all Field, Boundary and Goal Umpires who have made a decision to either continue with the YJFL this year, or umpire with us for the first time. This Information Booklet should be taken to all matches as it covers many aspects of umpiring and will answer some queries that may arise. An umpire is required to be a person of sound character, willing to accept advice and constructive feedback and above all, to interpret the rules of the game in a fair and equitable manner. He or she must always act in a manner which places the umpire above reproach and which ensures the integrity of the YJFL and the Umpiring Group. Once an umpire lodges a Registration Form it will be noted by the Umpires coaching panel and will confirm acceptance as a listed YJFL umpire. You will not be appointed to YJFL matches until registered. We wish you enjoyment and success in your umpiring; keeping in mind your level of commitment will have a bearing on your level of success. Umpires Coaching Panel. YJFL Umpiring 1 FITNESS Fitness plays a very big part in the standard of your performance. The less physical fatigue you suffer during a match, the less will be the mental fatigue and in turn the better your decision making will be. For this reason, Field, Boundary and Goal umpires should be prepared to attend pre-season training and each Wednesday or Thursday night session throughout the season.
    [Show full text]
  • Junior Field Umpire Information Manual 2018
    JUNIOR FIELD UMPIRE INFORMATION MANUAL 2018 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Role of the Umpire ................................................................................................................................. 3 Expectations of the Umpire .................................................................................................................... 3 Umpire’s Code of Conduct ...................................................................................................................... 3 Contact Details ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Umpire Education ................................................................................................................................... 5 Preparation ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Appointments Process ............................................................................................................................ 6 Match Preparation ................................................................................................................................. 6 Match Day Check List .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Official Fixture Handbook
    VAFA FHandbook 2006.qxd 23/2/06 12:01 PM Page 1 Victorian Amateur Football Association OFFICIAL FIXTURE HANDBOOK for the SEASON 2006 Printed for the VICTORIAN AMATEUR FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION by CYAN PRESS – Phone: (03) 9763 4088 – Email: [email protected] 1 VAFA FHandbook 2006.qxd 23/2/06 12:01 PM Page 2 Victorian Amateur Football Association GENERAL INDEX Page SECTION 1 – ADMINISTRATION Office-Bearers................................................................................................................. 3 Sub-Committees ............................................................................................................. 4 SECTION 2 – CLUB DETAILS and OFFICIALS........................................................................ 6 SECTION 3 – INFORMATION FOR CLUBS INDEX............................................................................................................................. 27 Members’ and Secretaries’ meetings ............................................................................. 28 Correspondence to VAFA ............................................................................................... 28 Application and Affiliation fees........................................................................................ 28 Fines and appeals against fines..................................................................................... 28 Match day requirements ................................................................................................. 28 Club requirements .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Operations & Information Manual
    2021 RIDDELL DISTRICT FNL Operations & Information Manual CONTENTS 3 Contacts 4 Junior Contacts 7 Seniors Contacts 14 Club Grounds 20 Club Postal Addresses 21 Printed by Adcell Group Dates to Remember 22 Statement Of Rules 23 Football By-Laws 47 Junior Important Information 78 Netball By-Laws 84 Appendices 1-13 97 www.rdfnl.com.au 4 CONTACTS Riddell District Football League Contacts 2021 RDFNL President RDFNL General Manager RUA Senior Coach Brenton Knott Jordan Doyle Dwayne Connell [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 0408 441 376 0403 210 709 0413 770 000 PO Box 1607 PO Box 1607 PO Box 1607 Melton West 3337 Melton West 3337 Melton West 3337 RDFNL Vice President RDFNL Media & Netball RUA Junior Coach Garry Stevens Coordinator Brett Hickey [email protected] Grace Bibby [email protected] 0401 028 283 [email protected] 0452 212 939 PO Box 1607 0448 422 397 PO Box 1607 Melton West 3337 PO Box 1607 Melton West Melton West 3337 RDFNL Executive/Senior Football RDFNL Football RUA Treasurer Andrew Power Operations Coordinator Clytie Deering [email protected] Aaron McLean [email protected] 0418 510 299 [email protected] 0402 420 235 PO Box 1607 0437 547 133 PO Box 1607 Melton West 3337 PO Box 1607 Melton West 3337 Melton West 3337 RDFNL Executive/Senior Football Tribunal Advocate Ben Morse Football Development Manager Addam Icely [email protected] Grant McMillan [email protected] 0407 030 777 0400 133 808 [email protected] PO Box 1607 PO Box 1607
    [Show full text]
  • Umpires Information Manual
    UMPIRE UMPIRES INFORMATION MANUAL 1 2 0 1 9 Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4 Role of the Umpire ........................................................................................................... 4 Expectations of the Umpire .............................................................................................. 4 Umpire’s Code of Conduct ................................................................................................ 4 Junior Field Umpire Contact Details .................................................................................. 5 Junior Field Umpire Coaching Panel ..................................................................................... 5 Youth Training Centres ........................................................................................................... 5 School Academies ........................................................................................................................ 5 Senior Contact Details ...................................................................................................... 5 Field Umpire Coaches ................................................................................................................... 5 Boundary Umpire Coaches ........................................................................................................... 5 Goal Umpire Coaches ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • BAS Handbook 2021 Page 1
    BALLARAT ASSOCIATED SCHOOLS INCORPORATED 2021 Chairperson: Mr David Shepherd Ballarat Clarendon College 2021 Secretary/Public Officer: Mr Matthew Byrne Damascus College Contents Page 1. MISSION STATEMENT .................................................................................................................. 1 2. STRUCTURE OF ASSOCIATION .................................................................................................. 1 2.1 Member Schools .................................................................................................................. 1 2.2 Associate Members ............................................................................................................. 1 2.3 Controlling Body ................................................................................................................... 1 2.4 Heads of Sport ..................................................................................................................... 2 2.5 Executive Officer .................................................................................................................. 2 2.6 General Meetings ................................................................................................................. 2 2.7 Extraordinary General Meeting ............................................................................................ 2 2.8 Quorum ................................................................................................................................ 2 2.9 Fees ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Annual Report
    2016 ANNUAL REPORT AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALL LEAGUE CONTENTS AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALL LEAGUE 120TH ANNUAL REPORT 2016 4 2016 Highlights 16 Chairman’s Report 30 CEO’s Report 42 AFL Clubs & Operations 52 Football Operations 64 Commercial Operations 78 NAB AFL Women’s 86 Game & Market Development 103 Around The Regions 106 AFL in Community 112 Legal & Integrity 120 AFL Media 126 Awards, Results & Farewells 139 Obituaries 142 Financial Report 148 Concise Financial Report Western Bulldogs coach Cover: The wait is over ... Luke Beveridge presents Luke Beveridge (obscured), his Jock McHale Medal Robert Murphy and captain to injured skipper Robert Easton Wood raise the Murphy, a touching premiership cup, which was gesture that earned him a presented by club legend Spirit of Australia award. John Schultz (left). 99,981 The attendance at the 2016 Toyota AFL Grand Final. 4,121,368 The average national audience for the 2016 Toyota AFL Grand Final on the Seven Network which made the Grand Final the most watched program of any kind on Australian television in 2016. This total was made up of a five mainland capital city metropolitan average audience of 3,070,496 and an average audience of 1,050,872 throughout regional Australia. 18,368,305 The gross cumulative television audience on the Seven Network and Fox Footy for the 2016 Toyota AFL Finals Series which was the highest gross cumulative audience for a finals series in the history of the AFL/VFL. The Bulldogs’ 62-year premiership drought came to an end in an enthralling Grand Final, much to the delight of young champion Marcus Bontempelli and delirious 4 Dogs supporters.
    [Show full text]
  • MODIFIED RULES: SUMMARY SHEET – More Detail in Handbook
    MODIFIED RULES: SUMMARY SHEET – more detail in handbook Rule Application 1. Zones Players are positioned in three (3) equal zones to prevent ball chasing and subsequent congestion around the ball. Umpires should encourage players to stay in their correct zones 2. Transition of ball The ball must be touched by a player in each zone it passes through 3. Out of Bounds Kicked = Free kick Incidental = Throw up 4. Gaining Possession A player’s prime objective should be to gain possession of the ball 5. Scoring Only players who are positioned as Forward Zone players may score – no exceptions. An accidental score by non-forward treated as Out of Bounds. 6. Modified tackle A player in possession of the ball may be tackled by an opponent wrapping both arms around the area below the top of the shoulders and on/above the knees. Player with ball must NOT be forcefully taken to ground. There is strictly: ▪ NO knocking the ball out of an opponent’s hands ▪ NO pushing the player in the side ▪ NO stealing the ball from another player ▪ NO bumping an opponent ▪ NO sling, pull or otherwise application of force when ‘holding’ a player. 7. Ball-ups Field ball-ups are contested by 2 players of equal size selected by the umpire. 8. Smothering Deliberate smothering not permitted and free kick to nearest opponent. 9. Barging No barging, fending off or chopping past opponents is permitted 10. Shepherding Not permitted. Free kick to the nearest opponent. 11. Marking A mark is awarded irrespective of the distance the ball has travelled 12.
    [Show full text]