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LJ 19 12.Pdf 12/2019 be INSPIRED drive DISCOVERY stay GENUINE Neu in der Das kostenfreie NEB Starter-Paket enthält: Molekularbiologie? www.laborjournal.de Doktoranden, Master-Studenten und alle anderen Einsteiger aufgepasst: New England Biolabs unterstützt Sie beim Start in die spannende Welt der Molekularbiologie. Bestellen Sie Ihr persönliches und kostenfreies NEB Starter-Paket mit nützlichen Laborutensilien, Testmustern und Tipps & Tricks zu allen wichtigen molekularbiologischen Anwendungen. So starten Sie gleich von Beginn an richtig durch! Bestellen Sie Ihr NEB Starter-Paket gratis unter: Inhalt kann von Abbildung abweichen. www.neb-online.de/starterpaket Abgabe des NEB Starter-Pakets bis zum 31.12.2019, bzw. so lange Vorrat reicht. LJ_1219_OC_OC.indd 2 29.11.19 12:59 Kleine Berührung, große Gefühle. Gefühlvoll echtes Latexfeeling Einfaches Anziehen dank spezieller Innenbeschichtung Hautfreundliche, reine Rezeptur ohne Naturkautschuk- latex-Proteine Umweltfreundlich wasser- und energie- sparende Herstellung Beschleunigerfrei ohne Vulkanisations- Entdecken Sie den neuen CLARIOstar® Plus: beschleuniger Unbox your potential ECT ® OT Nit R ril IP g www.laborjournal.de T re Die Revolution im O e Erreichen Sie jetzt noch einfacher zuverlässige Ergebnisse mit dem R n ® Plus • Handschuhmarkt • CLARIOstar - dem multi-mode Microplate Reader mit dem u N e Plus für Ihr Labor. ist zum Greifen nah! e u N • • ® R Der ROTIPROTECT Nitril green n e O e · Intuitive Bedienung mit Enhanced Dynamic Range T vereint in sich alles, was ein r I g P l R i r O t · Höchste Benutzerfreundlichkeit durch schnelleren Autofokus Handschuh heutzutage braucht. i T N E C T · Mehr Flexibilität durch modulare Multidetektor-Option Seine Herstellung schont ® Ressourcen, sein Material schont Der CLARIOstar Plus mit patentierten LVF MonochromatorenTM in die Hände und obendrein besticht neuer Perfektion. er durch echtes Latexfeeling bei höchstem Tragekomfort. So haben Sie Ihr Labor perfekt im Griff. Mehr erfahren unter Seit 140 Jahren nitrilgreen.de in besten Händen www.bmglabtech.com #140Gründe © 2019 Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Alle Logos und Warenzeichen sind Eigentum von BMG LABTECH GmbH. Laborjournal_GREENKampagne_210x297.indd 2 23.05.2019 10:07:48 LJ_1219_IC_IC.indd 2 28.11.19 14:16 EDITORIAL Alles Banane Der schlaksige, rothaarige Junge mit den und das Glück ist dein“ Unsinn ist. Leute, die sich. Also Schublade auf und raus mit der neu- Sommersprossen sitzt auf der Bank. Ein Hand- zu viele Bananen gegessen haben, sind da- en Sorte? Die Schublade ist leer! Kein Ersatz! tuch hat er lässig um den Hals gelegt, um von dick geworden. Dick und unglücklich. Fieberhaft werden Wege zur Resistenz ge- damit Schweiß aus dem Gesicht zu wischen. Die Banane als Sidekick der Tennis-Stars sucht. Neuzüchtung einer triploiden Form, et- Sein Blick: unbeweglich und ungerührt. Ge- war aber nur einer von vielen Höhepunkten wa aus einer tetra- und einer diploiden Pflan- radeaus. Ohne herunterzuschauen, greift er in der Geschichte der Industrie-Banane. Bis ze. Oder: Gucken, ob nicht doch einige Caven- in die blaue Kühltasche neben seinen Füßen. in die Sechzigerjahre hieß unser aller Banane dish-Klone eventuell genetisch ein bisschen Er befördert eine Banane ans grelle Sonnen- Gros Michel, weltweit. Bis ihr die sogenann- abweichen und nicht gar so schnell am Pilzbe- licht. Er schält sie bis zur Hälfte. Beißt, kaut, te Panamakrankheit – ausgelöst durch einen fall sterben. Diese dann weiterzüchten. Oder, schluckt, beißt, kaut, schluckt – ohne seinen Fusarium-Pilz – ebenfalls weltweit den Garaus weg von der Monokultur: Maniok und Chine- Blick zu verändern. Bis zur Hälfte. Den Rest machte. Die triploide, infertile, also kernlose sischen Schnittlauch dazwischenpflanzen, da verpackt er, indem er die Banane unten mit Pflanze hatte keine Chance gegen den Pilz, werden im Wurzelraum Fungizide produziert... der Hand umfasst und die Hand nach oben weil alle Gros Michels Klone waren und des- Klar, natürlich gibt‘s auch CRISPR/Cas. führt, bis die herunterhängenden Schalen- halb keine genetischen Varianten da waren, Das Gen zur Resistenz gegen TR4 liegt so- streifen das Innere der Banane wieder umhül- die vielleicht eine Resistenz gegen den Pilz gar schon im Genom der Cavendish-Bana- len. Millionen schauen ihm dabei zu. „Service, hervorgebracht hätten. ne, es ist nur stillgelegt. Folglich müsste es please!“ Boris Becker legt die Banane und das Zum Glück hatten die Plantagenbesit- nur „freigeschaltet“ werden. Aber Genome Edi- Handtuch beiseite, schnappt sich zwei Bälle zer noch die Cavendish in der Schublade – ting ist ja laut EU jetzt Gentechnik. Das heißt, und geht an die Grundlinie, um aufzuschla- eine ebenfalls tri- es würde etwa zehn Jah- gen. Alle denken: „Wenn er den ersten Auf- ploide und inferti- Foto: Placebo365 re dauern, bis eine sol- schlag richtig trifft – im richtigen Winkel und le Sorte zwar, aber che Pflanze entwickelt, am richtigen Punkt der Flugbahn des Balles zum Glück resistent geprüft und zugelassen – ja, dann wird auch dieser Ball unerreichbar gegen die Panama- ist. Und dann bleibt im- sein. Ein Ass. Bumm-bumm!“ krankheit. Nicht so mer noch die Frage of- Das war 1985. Becker gewann Wimble- schmackhaft wie fen, ob die Europäer die- don. Und die Deutschen, die Tennis vorher für Gros Michel, aber se Banane auch kaufen ein modisches Freizeitvergnügen von Ärzten der Kunde hat‘s ge- würden. Die Deutschen und Rechtsanwälten hielten, wussten plötz- schluckt. Lieber Ca- zumindest wollen gera- lich, was ein Tie Break ist (nämlich kein Schlips- vendish, als gar kei- de mehrheitlich keine Naht das Ende der Banane? Bruch). Genauso wie das „Love“ auf dem Ten- ne Banane. Produkte von genetisch nisplatz kein Appell des Schiedsrichters an Fünfzig Jahre später. Es kam, wie‘s kom- veränderten Organismen essen. die Spieler ist, die Schläger beiseite zu legen men musste: TR4 heißt der neue Pilz, und Ob das aber so bleibt, wenn die Alternati- und erstmal zu kuscheln. der tötet unsere Cavendish-Banane. Die üb- ve hieße, in Europa gar keine Bananen mehr Nebenbei bekamen sie damals mit, dass lichen Schutzmechanismen versagen: Pflan- essen zu können? Wenn es die ge-crispr-ten die Banane ein echter Power-Riegel ist. Genau zen herausreißen und neue Pflanzen setzen gelben Krummlinge nur noch via Darknet aus richtig, um nach einer kleinen Bananenpau- oder Fungizide spritzen – nichts hilft. Einmal Asien zu bestellen gibt und man den Nach- se frisch aufgetankt den Gegner wegzuhau- im Boden, ist der Pilz dort über Jahrzehnte barn neidisch dabei zusehen muss, wie er an en. Und glücklich wird man offenbar auch da- nicht mehr herauszubekommen – und wird Feiertagen eine Glücksbanane nach der an- von, denn es steckt ja jede Menge Serotonin alle neugepflanzten Stauden befallen. Qua- deren schält? in der krummen Beere – der Stoff, der glück- rantäne? Das könnte funktionieren, wenn es Vielleicht bewerten die Menschen hier- lich macht. Also wurden damals hemmungs- nicht immer und überall auf der Welt einen zulande Genome Editing dann anders. Selbst los große Mengen Glücksbananen verspeist. Trottel geben würde, der mit seinen Stiefeln, Erich Honnecker hat sich irgendwann einen Heute wissen wir, dass das Hormon Sero- Autoreifen oder Werkzeugen die Pilzsporen Ruck gegeben und Bananen aus Kuba kom- tonin zu einem äußerst komplexen Regelsys- überträgt. Taiwan, Philippinen und jetzt auch men lassen – obwohl er das eigentlich für tem gehört und dass die Formel „Banane rein, Süd- und Mittelamerika. Das Drama greift um unnötig hielt. 12/2019 | 3 LJ_1219_Editorial.indd 3 28.11.19 12:21 INHALT NACHRICHTEN HINTERGRUND SERIEN JOURNAL CLUB 6 Das besondere Foto: 10 Ungewöhnliche 19 Erlebnisse einer TA (131): 22 Journal Club kompakt „Gelenk-Dackel“ / Modellorganismen Drei für Zwei 23 Schöne Biologie: Comic: Forscher Ernst 14 Mikroorganismen 20 Wissenschaftsnarr (25): Verborgene Wälder 8 Fokussiert: gegen Plastikmüll Ist das Wissenschaft, so nah Inkubiert / oder kann das weg? 24 Zellbiologie in Mehr Zitate durch Open 33 Wirkstoff des Monats (3): Bern und Zürich: Data / Aducanumab gegen Wie Mitoribosomen Gentechnik-Sicherheits- Alzheimer zusammengebaut verordnung werden 57 Karriere: Interview mit 9 Frisch gefördert: Renée Schroeder (Wien) 26 Eizellreifung DFG-Graduiertenkollegs / –„Nicht locker lassen!“ in Hannover: Humboldt-Professuren / Muskelprotein hilft Einstein-Profil- Spindelapparat Professuren 28 Strukturbiologie in Würzburg und Mainz: Der Schlüssel zur stabilen Spinnenseide 30 Stichwort des Monats: R-Loops Plastik ist zwar praktisch, sammelt sich in der Natur aber stetig an und Spinnenseide ist eines der elastischsten ist in Form von Mikroplastik für und widerstandsfähigsten Materialien Organismen schädlich. Zum Glück auf der Erde. Strukturbiologen aus gibt es mikrobielle Enzyme, mit Würzburg und Mainz haben nun denen wir dem Kunststoff-Meer herausgefunden, dass eine einzelne Herr werden könnten. Aminosäure die Seide flexibel und damit Mehr ab Seite 14. stabil macht – ab Seite 28 4 | 12/2019 LJ_1219_Inhaltsverzeichnis.indd 4 28.11.19 17:01 INHALT Unser Titelthema: Ungewöhnliche Tiermodelle Maus, Zebrafisch und Co. sind schon lange nicht mehr die einzigen Modellorganismen in den Forschungslaboren. Immer mehr ungewöhnliche Tiere gesellen sich dazu, um mit ihren be- sonderen Eigenschaften den Wissenschaftlern bei kniffligen Forschungsfragen weiterzuhel- fen – wie etwa das trockenresistente Bärtierchen oder der Schmerz-freie Nacktmull. Mehr ab Seite 16. WIRTSCHAFT METHODEN BUCH ET AL. METHODEN 32 Wirtschaft-News 50 Methoden-Special: Geschenktipps:
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