TÜV SÜD – Tire Test 2017 255/50 R19 – Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV Tire Performance Test Acc

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

TÜV SÜD – Tire Test 2017 255/50 R19 – Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV Tire Performance Test Acc TÜV SÜD – Tire Test 2017 255/50 R19 – Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV Tire Performance Test acc. to PPP 90023A:2014 Test Period: October 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TIRE DETAILS DIMENSION: 255/50 R19 TIRE BRANDS / PATTERNS IN THE TEST: REFERENCE TIRE: COMPETITORS: DUNLOP BRIDGESTONE MICHELIN PIRELLI SPORT MAXX RT2 SUV DUELER H/P SPORT LATITUDE SPORT 3 P ZERO ROSSO 107 Y, DOT K5 3917 107 Y, DOT EJVU DCH 0417 - 1717 107 W, DOT F3XX 013X 0917 - 1217 103 W, DOT 9364 N274 0417 • The test samples of Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV were provided for the test by the client. • All other tires were purchased in the normal market by TÜV SÜD. • TÜV SÜD randomly selected the tires for the individual tests. TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 2 Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TEST DETAILS ▪ Test Locations - Wet & Dry: GPG Mireval (F), ATP Papenburg (D) - Noise: Uni Neubiberg (D) - Rolling Resistance: TÜV SÜD PS Garching (D) ▪ Test Vehicles - Braking, LWG, Aquaplaning in curve: BMW X5 30d - Handling: BMW X5 40d - Noise: Audi Q7 3.0 TDI - Aquaplaning straight-line: Mazda Tribute ▪ Procedure and Evaluation - In all tests, the control tire is tested repeatedly in the progress of the test to detect and consider changes of the ambient test parameters and correct its performance by linear interpolation. - Generally, all tires in a test are primarily evaluated in relation to the control tire. - The performance is expressed as a percentage value, calculated on the basis of the measured and corrected test data. - In this present evaluation, the performance of each tire is assessed relative to the reference tire (Dunlop ≙ 100%). - In all evaluations, a percentage value >100% means better and <100% means worse. TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 3 Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TEST RESULTS ▪ AQUAPLANING STRAIGHT-LINE - Water depth: ~ 8mm - Aquaplaning speed at 15% slip difference - Result Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV: Ø Aquaplaning speed: 70.5 km/h AQUAPLANING STRAIGHT-LINE PERFORMANCE * [%] 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% 105% DUNLOP SPORT MAXX RT2 SUV 100,0% BRIDGESTONE DUELER H/P SPORT 98,9% MICHELIN LATITUDE SPORT 3 100,6% PIRELLI P ZERO ROSSO 94,7% *) The calculation of the percentage performance is based on the aquaplaning speed. TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 4 Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TEST RESULTS ▪ AQUAPLANING IN CURVE - ESP off - Radius: 100 m - Water depth: ~ 8 mm - Result Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV: Ø Integral A / alat max: 77.4 / 2.74 m/s² AQUAPLANING IN CURVE PERFORMANCE * [%] 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% 105% DUNLOP SPORT MAXX RT2 SUV 100,0% BRIDGESTONE DUELER H/P SPORT 87,0% MICHELIN LATITUDE SPORT 3 97,0% PIRELLI P ZERO ROSSO 81,1% *) The calculation of the percentage performance is based on the lateral acceleration. TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 5 Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TEST RESULTS ▪ WET BRAKING HIGH µ - ABS-braking - Speed range: 80 to 20 km/h - Tested on high µ wet surface - Result Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV: Ø Stopping distance / mean deceleration: 21.2 m / 10.90 m/s² WET BRAKING PERFORMANCE * [%] STOPPING DISTANCE [m], 80-0 km/h ** RESIDUAL SPEED WHEN DU STOPPED [km/h] *** 80% 90% 100% 20 22 24 26 0 10 20 30 DUNLOP SPORT MAXX 100,0% 22,7 RT2 SUV BRIDGESTONE 91,9% 24,7 22,7 DUELER H/P SPORT MICHELIN LATITUDE 94,7% 23,9 18,4 SPORT 3 PIRELLI P ZERO 91,0% 24,9 24,0 ROSSO *) The calculation of the percentage performance is based on the mean deceleration values resulting from the measured braking distances. **) The extrapolation is based on the corrected mean deceleration values resulting from the measured braking distances. ***) The calculation of the residual speed is based on the extrapolated stopping distance (80-0 km/h) and the mean deceleration values resulting from the measured braking distances. TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 6 Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TEST RESULTS ▪ WET BRAKING LOW µ - ABS-braking - Speed range: 80 to 20 km/h - Tested on low µ wet surface - Result Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV: Ø Stopping distance / mean deceleration: 29.3 m / 7.90 m/s² WET BRAKING PERFORMANCE * [%] STOPPING DISTANCE [m], 80-0 km/h ** RESIDUAL SPEED WHEN DU STOPPED [km/h] *** 80% 90% 100% 25 30 35 40 0 10 20 30 40 DUNLOP SPORT 100,0% 31,3 MAXX RT2 SUV BRIDGESTONE 86,4% 36,2 29,5 DUELER H/P SPORT MICHELIN LATITUDE 91,3% 34,3 23,6 SPORT 3 PIRELLI P ZERO 84,9% 36,9 31,1 ROSSO *) The calculation of the percentage performance is based on the mean deceleration values resulting from the measured braking distances. **) The extrapolation is based on the mean corrected deceleration values resulting from the measured braking distances. ***) The calculation of the residual speed is based on the extrapolated stopping distance (80-0 km/h) and the mean deceleration values resulting from the measured braking distances. TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 7 Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TEST RESULTS ▪ LATERAL WET GRIP - ESP off - Circle radius: 42 m - Test surface: wet asphalt circle - Result Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV: Ø Lap time / mean lateral acceleration: 16.01 sec / 6.47 m/s² LATERAL WET GRIP - LAP TIMES * [sec] 15 16 17 18 DUNLOP SPORT MAXX RT2 SUV 16,01 BRIDGESTONE DUELER H/P SPORT 17,42 MICHELIN LATITUDE SPORT 3 16,78 PIRELLI P ZERO ROSSO 17,51 *) The calculation of the lap times is based on the mean lateral acceleration values and the percentage performances. TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 8 Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TEST RESULTS ▪ WET HANDLING - ESP off - Subjective assessment & lap times - Handling track with wet asphalt, length: 1700 m - Result Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV: Ø Speed: 88.8 km/h Ø Rating (out of max. 10): 8.64 WET HANDLING PERFORMANCE * [%] 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% 105% DUNLOP SPORT MAXX RT2 SUV 100,0% BRIDGESTONE DUELER H/P SPORT 96,4% MICHELIN LATITUDE SPORT 3 97,5% PIRELLI P ZERO ROSSO 96,6% *) The calculation of the percentage performance is based on the speed and the rating scores (at the ratio 2:1). TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 9 Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TEST RESULTS ▪ DRY BRAKING - ABS-braking - Speed range: 100 to 0 km/h - Test surface: dry asphalt - Result Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV: Ø Stopping distance / mean deceleration: 34.3 m / 11.24m/s² DRY BRAKING PERFORMANCE * [%] STOPPING DISTANCE [m], 100-0 km/h RESIDUAL SPEED WHEN DU STOPPED [km/h] ** 80% 90% 100% 31 33 35 37 0 10 20 30 DUNLOP SPORT MAXX 100,0% 34,3 RT2 SUV BRIDGESTONE 95,7% 35,9 20,8 DUELER H/P SPORT MICHELIN LATITUDE 96,5% 35,6 18,7 SPORT 3 PIRELLI P ZERO 95,3% 36,0 21,5 ROSSO *) The calculation of the percentage performance is based on the mean deceleration values resulting from the measured braking distances. **) The calculation of the residual speed is based on the measured braking distances and the mean deceleration values resulting from the measured braking distances. TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 10 Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TEST RESULTS ▪ DRY HANDLING - ESP off - Subjective assessment & lap times - Handling track with dry asphalt, length: 3100 m - Result Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV: Ø Speed: 105.8 km/h Ø Rating (out of max. 10): 8.30 DRY HANDLING PERFORMANCE * [%] 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% 105% DUNLOP SPORT MAXX RT2 SUV 100,0% BRIDGESTONE DUELER H/P SPORT 100,3% MICHELIN LATITUDE SPORT 3 98,8% PIRELLI P ZERO ROSSO 97,9% *) The calculation of the percentage performance is based on the speed and the rating scores (at the ratio 2:1). TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 11 Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TEST RESULTS ▪ ROLLING RESISTANCE - Acc. to ISO 28580 / EC 1222/2009 - Electrical power method - Load & Inflation: 780 kg (XL) / 700 kg - 2.50 bar (XL) / 2.10 bar - Result Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV RR-Force FR = 63.9 N RR-Coefficient cR = 8.36 kg/t (≙ EC Label RRC = 8.1) ROLLING RESISTANCE EC LABEL VALUE CR [kg/t] 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 DUNLOP SPORT MAXX RT2 SUV 8,1 BRIDGESTONE DUELER H/P SPORT 10,0 MICHELIN LATITUDE SPORT 3 8,2 PIRELLI P ZERO ROSSO 8,6 TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 12 Tire Test TÜV SÜD PS – 2017 Report No. 713117618D-06 TEST RESULTS ▪ PASS-BY NOISE - In accordance to ECE R117 - Reference speed: 80 km/h - Load & Inflation FA / RA: 1370 kg / 1390 kg - 2.00 bar / 2.00 bar - Result Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 SUV: LR(Jref) = 70.7 dB(A) Noise level acc. ECE R117 = 69 dB(A) TIRE ROLLING NOISE (measured, normalized values) [dB(A)] The resulting type approval values are given in brackets. 69 70 71 72 73 DUNLOP SPORT MAXX RT2 SUV 70,7 (69) BRIDGESTONE DUELER H/P SPORT 71,0 (70) MICHELIN LATITUDE SPORT 3 72,6 (71) PIRELLI P ZERO ROSSO 71,8 (70) TÜVTÜV SÜDSÜD AutomotiveProduct Service GmbH GmbH Page 13.
Recommended publications
  • The New Zealand & Australian Experience with Central Tyre Inflation
    TheThe NewNew ZealandZealand && AustralianAustralian ExperienceExperience withwith CentralCentral TyreTyre InflationInflation Neil Wylie Innovative Transport Equipment Ltd Log Transport Safety Council Tyre Development • 1846 – Robert William Thomson invented and patented the pneumatic tire • 1888 – First commercial pneumatic bicycle tire produced by Dunlop • 1889 – John Boyd Dunlop patented the pneumatic tire in the UK • 1890 – Dunlop, and William Harvey Du Cros began production of pneumatic tires in Ireland • 1890 – Bartlett Clincher rim introduced • 1891 – Dunlop's patent invalidated in favor of Thomson’s patent • 1892 – Beaded edge tires introduced in the U.S. • 1894 – E.J. Pennington invents the first balloon tire • 1895 – Michelin introduced pneumatic automobile tires • 1898 – Schrader valve stem patented • 1900 – Cord Tires introduced by Palmer (England) and BFGoodrich (U.S.) • 1903 – Goodyear Tire Company patented the first tubeless tire, however it was not introduced until 1954 • 1904 – Goodyear and Firestone started producing cord reinforced tires • 1904 – Mountable rims were introduced that allowed drivers to fix their own flats • 1908 – Frank Seiberling invented grooved tires with improved road traction • 1910 – BFGoodrich Company invented longer life tires by adding carbon black to the rubber • 1919 – Goodyear and Dunlop announced pneumatic truck tires[2] • 1938 – Goodyear introduced the rayon cord tire • 1940 – BFGoodrich introduced the first commercial synthetic rubber tire • 1946 – Michelin introduced the radial tire •
    [Show full text]
  • Scotland 03 / 2010 Neil Wylie Innovative Transport Equipment Ltd Tyre Development
    Timber Hauliers Conference Scotland 03 / 2010 Neil Wylie Innovative Transport Equipment Ltd Tyre Development • 1846 – Robert William Thomson invented and patented the pneumatic tire • 1888 – First commercial pneumatic bicycle tire produced by Dunlop • 1889 – John Boyd Dunlop patented the pneumatic tire in the UK • 1890 – Dunlop, and William Harvey Du Cros began production of pneumatic tires in Ireland • 1890 – Bartlett Clincher rim introduced • 1891 – Dunlop's patent invalidated in favor of Thomson’s patent • 1892 – Beaded edge tires introduced in the U.S. • 1894 – E.J. Pennington invents the first balloon tire • 1895 – Michelin introduced pneumatic automobile tires • 1898 – Schrader valve stem patented • 1900 – Cord Tires introduced by Palmer (England) and BFGoodrich (U.S.) • 1903 – Goodyear Tire Company patented the first tubeless tire, however it was not introduced until 1954 • 1904 – Goodyear and Firestone started producing cord reinforced tires • 1904 – Mountable rims were introduced that allowed drivers to fix their own flats • 1908 – Frank Seiberling invented grooved tires with improved road traction • 1910 – BFGoodrich Company invented longer life tires by adding carbon black to the rubber • 1919 – Goodyear and Dunlop announced pneumatic truck tires[2] • 1938 – Goodyear introduced the rayon cord tire • 1940 – BFGoodrich introduced the first commercial synthetic rubber tire • 1946 – Michelin introduced the radial tire • 1947 – Goodyear introduced first nylon tires • 1947 – BFGoodrich introduced the tubeless tire • 1963 – Use of
    [Show full text]
  • Pirelli Dunlop Union (1970-1981)
    A T ROUBLED INTERNATIONAL MERGER PIRELLI DUNLOP UNION (1970-1981) Franco Amatori - Università Bocconi, Milan, Italy [email protected] Fabio Lavista - Università Bocconi, Milan, Italy [email protected] WORK IN PROGRESS Prepared exclusively for discussion in occasion of the EBHA Conference, Geneva, September 2007. Please do not cite. The Announcement On March 2, 1970 Sir Reay Geddes and Mr. Leopoldo Pirelli, the respective leaders of tire manufacturers Dunlop and Pirelli, each sent shareholders a letter with a very similar content, informing recipients that negotiations for a merger between the two corporations were at an advanced stage. In fact, by December extraordinary assemblies at each of the companies had officially decided to approve the merger between the two groups. The Pirelli Dunlop Union from this legal act was born a multinational enterprise that ranked number 3 in the rubber industry (behind American giants, Goodyear and Firestone). If in the early 70s Goodyear had a turnover of almost 3 billion dollars and Firestone could vaunt one of 2.1 billion, Dunlop-Pirelli’s combined turnover of slightly more than 2 billion preceded those of General Tyre (1 billion) and Michelin (900 million). The Anglo-Italian group employed 178,000 persons (76,000 were within Pirelli and the remaining 102,000 were with Dunlop). Dunlop-Pirelli was a global company present in all five continents. In the letters sent to shareholders in March 1970, Pirelli and Geddes had written that in the late 60s their companies results were to be considered satisfactory but in a climate of harsh international competition they had to do much more in terms of rate of growth and geographical and product diversification.
    [Show full text]
  • Dunlop Tennis Sponsorship Application
    Dunlop Tennis Sponsorship Application Unsensing and quadratic Tally convolves: which Mick is unoffered enough? Catacaustic and unforged stillKenny burglarizes often trivialize his caroms some palely.annoying inurbanely or generalising magically. Destroyed and shelfy Florian PRO-SHOP NorCal Tennis Academy. Federer signature racquet sponsorships, dunlop sponsorship application; high level of. Have made of tennis gear giant wilson, but the application of player standards, you have left comments below to complete article. Bouchard to Nike Pospisil to Dunlop the Woz to Babolat. Tennis is a sport where athletic precision and dynamic performance are paramount to success aligning perfectly with BMW and the attributes that giving to. Applying our experiences at the IMGA to the Dunlop Tennis School. This tennis bag as dunlop sponsorship application below for all. Currently several variables to view cart for itself has given wildcard entries into the spirit of head. Casual players might look at threshold the different tennis balls available and private notice. Believing that the future health now Dunlop Tennis is launching a new program. If you never a sponsorship application, more difficult to turn this. 11 Best Tennis Balls 2021 A male Guide TennisPredict. Supporting the safe generation of talent and sponsoring all coaches including founders Patrick Mouratoglou and Nick Bollettieri Our onsite Dunlop Innovation. Hooks up other external hydraulic pressure test unit alongside the Air Force 51. An alternative sources of tennis influencers has made a advanced ball of the application below. The dunlop tennis professional coach practice balls. Bright Partnerships wins Dunlop pitch European. Do let know the requirements needed to avoid a Dunlop Sponsorship.
    [Show full text]
  • Pattern Digest 2016 Contents
    PATTERN DIGEST 2016 CONTENTS The Origin and History of Dunlop 1 THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF 1887 A Scotsman had no idea that child’s play would help revolutionise transport as we know it and lay the foundations for one of the world’s most iconic brands and a major Discover our Digital World 2 manufacturing company. John Boyd Dunlop’s son complained that his solid tyre tricycle was uncomfortable and jarred as he rode along the stony streets on his way to school. John Boyd came up with the idea to wrap a rubber tyre inflated with air round the rims of his son’s tricycle and tested it by rolling it along the floor. The pneumatic tyre went much further compared Corporate Overview 4 to the solid tyre. John Boyd Dunlop had made history! 1888 Dunlop knew that his invention had endless potential and commercial possibilities. He patented his ‘chamber of rubber or other suitable material to contain air under pressure or otherwise, fastened to the rim by the most convenient method’ or, as General Information 6 we’ve come to know it, the tyre. In the years following this revolutionary invention, Dunlop has gone on to celebrate a dazzling history of performance innovation, motorsport achievements and technological advancements. Passenger Range 8 1890 Dunlop opened its first tyre plant in Dublin. 1924 Dunlop and Bentley achieve their first victory at Le Mans, the Grand Prix of Endurance. 1935 Dunlop officially opens its first tyre factory in Durban and manufactures the first car SUV and 4x4 Range 36 tyre in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • United States District Court Northern District of Ohio Eastern Division
    Case: 1:05-mc-00023-LW Doc #: 5 Filed: 04/22/05 1 of 2. PageID #: 125 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO EASTERN DIVISION _______________________________ _ ) ) CASE NO. 1:05 MC 023 ) IN RE: ) ORDER GRANTING STIPULATION OF ) THE PARTIES SGP ACQUISITION, LLC, et al., ) ) Debtors. ) _______________________________ _ UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT JUDGE LESLEY WELLS The parties in this action, Slazengers Limited, Dunlop Slazenger International Limited, Dunlop Slazenger Manufacturing LLC and Dunlop Sport Group Americas, Inc. (Collectively “Slazenger”), and Provident Bank (“Provident”), have stipulated to a resolution of their pending discovery disputes pertaining to an underlying bankruptcy action involving SGP Acquisition, LLC (“SGP”). (Docket #4). In furtherance of that underlying action Slazenger issued two subpoenas in this Court against Provident in its efforts to obtain information in support of its motion to terminate SGP’s exclusivity period for filing a plan for reorganization (Subpoena I), and to obtain information regarding potential avoidance actions by SGP (Subpoena II). In response, Provident filed a motion to quash the subpoena and/or for the issuance of a protective order. (Docket #1). Slazenger filed a Case: 1:05-mc-00023-LW Doc #: 5 Filed: 04/22/05 2 of 2. PageID #: 126 response along with a request for Fed. R. Civ. P. 11 sanctions (Docket #2), and Provident filed a reply. (Docket #3). Through subsequent negotiations, and in resolution of their pending discovery disputes, Slazenger and Provident have stipulated to the following discovery schedule: 1. Provident shall produce documents responsive to Subpoena I and Subpoena II on April 20, 2005 at the law offices of Ray, Robinson, Carle & Davies, 1717 East Ninth Street, Suite 1650, Cleveland, Ohio 44114.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Archives History of Dunlop Sports the Previous Article in The
    From the Archives History of Dunlop Sports The previous article in the Roehampton Club Recorder referred to two members of the Du Cros family who had joined the Club and were involved in the early beginnings of the Dunlop Company. From subsequent research into the history of the Company and the use of the Census records in 1911, it is now apparent that Harvey du Cros who had joined Roehampton Club in 1913 was in fact the founder of the Dunlop Company and not the fourth son with the same name as mentioned in the previous article. The census records in 1911 confirm a local address for the 64-year-old Harvey du Cros with his 31-year-old wife Florence, his 7-year-old daughter Patricia and eight members of staff ranging from a Hospital Nurse, Lady’s Maid, Domestic Cook, two Housemaids, Scullery Maid, Harvey du Cros Butler and Footman. The records also confirm the Middlesex address for Arthur Philip du Cros – third son to the founder of the Dunlop Company. Philip also held a senior role in the business as Managing Director. His successful career was also evident from the 1911 census which included references to no less than five servants in his employ. By the time Philip joined Roehampton Club in 1919, the Dunlop business had expanded from the manufacture of pneumatic tyres to extend its influence in the sporting world. The origins of the company were borne from the world of cycle racing when Harvey du Cros was President of the Irish Cyclists Association and his sons were competing regularly in competitive cycle events where he met John Boyd Dunlop.
    [Show full text]
  • The Technological and Commercial Battles (1910-1915)
    CHAPTER 11 suggested citation: Medrano-Bigas, Pau. The Forgotten Years of Bibendum. Michelin’s American Period in Milltown: Design, Illustration and Advertising by Pioneer Tire Companies (1900-1930). Doctoral dissertation. University of Barcelona, 2015 [English translation, 2018]. THE TECHNOLOGICAL AND COMMERCIAL BATTLES (1910-1915) Since its inception in the tire business in 1896 to the first decade of the 1900s, Michelin’s ambitions and market context changed substantially. The company competed for continental business from their French bulwark and their strategic centers in Italy—the factory of Turin was operative since 1907—and the United Kingdom—with agency in London since 1905—as well as their delegations in other Euro- pean countries. However, also had to coordinate their strategies in a global market that also included territories such as the American continent or Australia and New Zealand. The Michelin Tire Company of Milltown, in particular, focused their efforts between 1910 and 1915 on adequately positioning themselves, as expressed by Vice President Jules Hauvette Michelin in a 1915 November news item: “(…) the last three or four years had been spent in getting together a first class organization, in feeling out the trade and in closing selling arrangements on a large scale with represen- tative tire dealers throughout the country.”1 During this period, the strengthening of traditional com- petition and the appearance of new emerging firms was accompanied by constant evolution and tech- nological improvement. The French multinational company, within the context of their historical and solid positioning in different markets, was slow in reacting.2 1. From the smooth and rough As in many other fields of industry subject to fierce competition, the technological achievements of proven solvency obtained by one tire company were quickly absorbed or imitated by the rest.
    [Show full text]