International Standards for Geographic Information
EduServ 14, 2016
Wolfgang Kresse
University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg ISO/TC 211
[email protected] Contents
1 Introduction
2 Organisations
3 ISO and ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information / Geomatics“ 3.1 Structure and history 3.2 Basic standards 3.3 Geometry standards 3.4 Non-geometry standards
4 Open Geospatial Consortium
5 Interrelations
Modelling 1 Introduction
Examples for standards
ISO 19115-1 “Metadata – Part 1: Fundamentals“
OGC City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) Encoding Standard
TIFF 6.0 Perspectives on Standards
Linguistic perspective and types of standards de-jure standard (French “la norme”, German “die Norm”)
Companies develop industry standards: de-facto standard
IT-business and geomatics, consortia of companies ensure interoperability: Also de-facto standards
Economic perspective
Standardisation avoids the costs
Participation in the standardisation process puts companies ahead of others
Standards enable a company to utilise a range of suppliers Standards support the legislation process User’s perspective
If technology is mature, then users expect standardised solutions that are simple, fast, and effective. Example: GeoTIFF
System manufacturer’s perspective
Government agencies and other customers have forced the manufacturers to open their systems and support standardised interfaces. If standardisation is pushed towards an implemented solution the companies not only have to pay for drafting the standard’s documentation but also for Programming the implementation.
Development group’s perspective
In the IT-domain, standardisation is very closely related to the design of computer systems. Choosing the right moment to launch a standard development is probably the most critical decision in the process. National perspective
The principles of standardisation are: do it once, do it right, do it internationally.
Hierarchy of standards
Usually the IT-domain recognises three levels: abstract, implementation, and interface. Classification of standards
Top level Bottom level Explanation
Level of coverage International Multinational, Regional National Local
Level of Recommended practice advisory document prescriptiveness Information report informative document
Standard, normative documents Technical specification Classification of standards
Top level Bottom level Explanation
Function Design standards focus on user consistency in respect to product structure and appearance. Examples: zip-codes and metadata.
Interface standards Example: communication protocols
Framework standards foundations of multiple products and services Examples: metric system, Coordinate Reference System
Performance standards results oriented and do not specify how to do it. Example: braking distance
Testing methods provide consistent and replicable methods for assuring quality and compliances. Examples: crash tests, conformance testing
Terminology creates agreements on what words mean, accelerating contracting and minimizing confusion Classification of standards
Top level Bottom level Explanation
Development De-facto standards arise from market forces; process most successful when dominant participants can “dictate” standards; also help speed the entry of smaller competitors, especially when standards are open and not proprietary
Regulatory standards by public agencies through rule-making; best for public safety and health or emission standards for automobiles
Consensus standards either voluntary agreements or set via Standards Developing Organisations (SDOs) like ISO Terminology of standardisation
ISO, CEN standards
OGC de-facto standards, industry standards
Legal force of standards
State-of-the-art
The application of a standard is not compulsory
A standard is binding, if it is said so in a contract
Often standards are referenced by laws 2 Organisations Standardisation organisations
Industry standards
Standards
France
German-speaking UK Standardisation
Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN)
European standardisation, headquarters in Brussels
Geospatial standards: CEN/TC 287 „Geographic information“
All geospatial CEN-standards adopted from ISO/TC 211
Active: 1992 – 1999 and 2008 – 2016 (?) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
International community Member organizations Full-time staff Public work
Develop Web standards
Chairs Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee CEO Jeffrey Jaffe
Addresses W3C/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA W3C/ERCIM, Sophia-Antipolis, France W3C/Keio, Kanagawa, Japan HTTP-protocol
• HTTP defined in IETF RFC 2616 • URL defined in IETF RFC 2396 • http://subdomain.domain[:port]/service?schlüssel=wert&schlüssel=wert • Length of a request: 2048 characters maximum
Example: http://localhost/mapserv?map=/mapbender_2.5.1/data/mapfiles/ \ gisanschulen2e.map&VERSION=1.1.1&REQUEST=GetCapabilities \ &SERVICE=WMS
• GET Receive data, identified by the URL • HEAD Show HTTP-Header • PUT Send data to the specified URL • DELETE Delete data from the specified URL • POST Create a new object at the specified URL • LINK Link an existing object with a specified object • UNLINK Remove a link
16 3 ISO and ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information / Geomatics”
3.1 Structure and history Overview ISO
ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation)
Founded in 1947
Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland
Today with more than 100 national standardisation bodies
Budget: 70% membership fees, 30% selling of standards
TC 211 “Geographic information / Geomatics” since 1994
Close cooperation with the OGC since 1998 ISO
Principles of Standardisation
• Consensus • Industry-wide • Voluntary Standardisation procedure in ISO
1. Proposal stage New Work Item Proposal (NWIP)
2. Preparatory stage Working Draft (WD)
3. Committee stage Committee Draft (CD)
4. Enquiry stage Draft International Standard (DIS)
5. Approval stage Final Draft International Standard (FDIS)
6. Publication stage International Standard (IS) Deliverables of ISO:
ISO Standard ISO/PAS – ISO Publicly Available Specification ISO/TS – ISO Technical Specification ISO/TR – ISO Technical Report IWA – International Workshop Agreement Structure of ISO-committees: TC = Technical Committee SC = Subcommittee WG = Working Group PT = Project Team Beginning of the standardization of geographic information / geomatics
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation) / TC 287 “Geographic information”, 1991 AFNOR (Agence France du Norme)
Prestandards and other deliverables of CEN/TC 287
ENV 12009 Reference model ENV 12160 Data description – spatial schema ENV 12656 Data description – quality ENV 12657 Data description – metadata ENV 12658 Data description – transfer ENV 12661 Referencing systems – geographic identifiers ENV 12762 Referencing systems – direct position prENV 13376 Rules for application schema CR 13425 Overview CR 13436 Vocabulary dormant from 1994 to 2008 History and work of ISO/TC 211
Driving forces NATO geomatics Working Group DGIWG, national standards efforts in the U.S. and Canada
Others International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), CEN/TC 278 “Geographic Data Files” Structure of ISO/TC 211
Abbreviations
Earlier WGs (before 2001)
Today’s WGs 9 10 (after 2001) Information Ubiquitous management public access Olaf Østensen (ISO/TC 211), Alan Morrison (ISO), Bjørnhild Sæterøy (ISO/TC 211) Statistics The work of ISO/TC 211 can be described in the following numbers (March 2016) :
ISO-deliverables Total of about 75 standardization projects 68 International Standards (IS) completed 2 Technical Reports (TR) 1 Review Summary (RS) about 5 standardization projects withdrawn Presently 30 projects active 1st International Standard: ISO 19105:2000 “Conformance and testing” 1st Technical Report: ISO/TR 19121:2000 “Imagery and gridded data”
Members 37 P-members 28 O-members 31 External liaison members 15 Internal liaison members 2 Relations to CEN Technical Committees (Europe) About 600 individuals involved since 1994
Meetings: 41 plenary meetings until March 2016 Advisory groups Advisory group on Outreach Advisory group on Strategy
Thematic groups Programme Maintenance Group Harmonized Model Maintenance Group Terminology Maintenance Groups ISO/TC 211 – OGC Joint Advisory Group XML maintenance group (XMG)
ISO/TC 211 Control Body for the ISO Geodetic Registry Recommendations for the specification of cultural and linguistic adaptability (CLA) Control Body for the Geodetic Registry Network Ontology Maintenance Group ISO/IEC JTC 1 Study Group on Sensor Networks Task Force ISO/TC211 – ISO/TC204 Task Force on Smart City United Nations initiative on Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM)
Ad hoc groups Ad hoc group on Best practices for UML modelling Ad hoc group on Producing documentation from UML models Ad hoc group on GIS-BIM Ad hoc group on Linked data Ad hoc group on Metadata management Ad hoc group on Management system standards Ad hoc group to Revise the business plan Ad hoc group on XML External Liaison ISO/TC 211 (status 2014) Membership of the ISO/TC 211
2008
2015
30 Project leaders and editors of the ISO/TC 211
2008
2015
31 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
Founded in 1906
In 2003, the IEC had 55 member countries and 10 associated member countries
ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC1)
Founded in 1987, international Information Technology standardisation.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Founded in 1866
Represents all countries in the world
Subdivided into three sectors: the Radiotelecommunication Sector (ITU-R), the Telecommunication Standardisation Sector (ITU-T), and the Telecommunication Development Bureau (ITU-D)
The activities of the Telecommunication standardisation for network hardware and network protocols ISO (International Organization for Standardization) IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)
ISO/IEC JTC1 (Joint Technical Committee 1)
SC24 (Subcommittee) SC32 SC34 other SCs
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC24: Computer graphics and image processing
GKS, GKS-3D, PHIGS, CGM, CGI, PNG (Portable Network Graphics), VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language), BIIF (Basic Image Interchange Format)
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC32: Data management and interchange
SQL/MM (Structured QueryLanguage/MultiMedia)
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34: Document description and processing languages
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup L.), HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Geometry standards
First generation
ISO 7942:1976 “GKS” (Graphical Kernel System) 2D, vector, Chateau Seillac, France ISO 8805 “GKS-3D” linear segment storage ISO 9592 “PHIGS” (Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphic System) hierarchical segment storage ISO 8632 “CGM” (Computer Graphics Metafile) ISO 9636 “CGI” (Computer Graphics Interface) 3.2 Basic standards of ISO/TC 211 ISO 19101-1 “Reference model”
Viewpoints of the ISO/IEC 10746 “Open Distributed Processing – Reference Model” ISO/IEC 14481 “Conceptual Schema Modeling Facilities (CSMF)”
Meta-meta-model: description with natural language
Meta-model: formalized language (UML)
Application-model: specific application
Data-model: datasets ISO 19101-2 “Reference model – Part 2: Imagery”
Enterprise viewpoint purpose, scope and policies for the system
Information viewpoint relationships of raw sensed data to higher semantic content information ISO/TC 211: Harmonized Model
John Herring, Oracl: Nashua, NH, USA, Chairman Harmonized Model Management Group Conceptual schema language (ISO 19103) UML
Required for all ISO/TC 211 standards: UML, Unified Modelling Language
Origin: Three American “software methodologists”: Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson.
Normative models are class-diagrams and package diagrams.
Example: Conceptual schema language (ISO 19103) UML
Kinds of relationships in UML
A relationship between an element and the subelements Generalization that may be substituted for it
Dependency The use of one element by another
Refinement A shift in levels of abstraction
Association A semantic connection between two instances
Aggregation A part-of relationship
Composition Strong aggregation, children are deleted if parent is deleted
Conceptual schema language (ISO 19103) UML
Primitive types in ISO 19103
Data type Examples
Integer 123, -65547 Decimal 12.34 Real 12.34, -1.234E-4 Vector (123, 456, 789) CharacterString “This is a nice place” Date 2003-02-19 Time 13.59:30 or 13:59:30-05:00 DateTime 2003-02-19T13:59:30 Boolean TRUE, FALSE
Conceptual schema language (ISO 19103) UML
Stereotypes shall augment the readability of larger UML diagrams.
<
Terminology spreadsheet, excel
Update every six months by Andrew Jones, Australia
Latest issue: 2169 lines, 38 columns
Conformance and testing (ISO 19105)
The ISO 19105 sets the rules for the conformance tests of all ISO-standards for geographic information.
Structures of the test
preparation for testing test campaign analysis of results conformance test report
The conformance assessment process is carried out by an independent testing laboratory.
Real world: Certification by the Open Geospatial Consortium Conformance and testing (ISO 19105)
Real world: Certification by the Open Geospatial Consortium Profiles (ISO 19106)
Subset of the ISO 19100 standards Rules for application schema (ISO 19109)
Definition of a geographic feature: General feature model (GFM) Services (ISO 19119)
Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP): Five viewpoints: One of them, the computational viewpoint, addresses the services. IT Service types:
Human Interaction Service (ITHS) Model Management Service (ITMS) Workflow/Task Service (ITWS) System Management Service (ITSS) Processing Service (ITPS) Communication Service (ITCS)
Interface types: Application Programming Interface (API) Human Technology Interface (HTI) Information Service Interface (ISI) Communications Service Interface (CSI) Network-to-Network interface (network itself) 3.3 Geometry standards of ISO/TC 211 Geometry-standards ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information / Geomatics”
ISO 19107 ISO 19123 ISO 19125-1 “Spatial schema” “Coverage” “Simple Features”
ISO 19136 OGC GML simple “Geography Markup Language, features profile GML”
OGC City Geography Markup Language “CityGML”
Geometry standards
Relation between the six geometry and imagery standards
Spatial schema (ISO 19107) GM_LineString GM_Geodesic (orthodrome)
GM_ArcString GM_ArcStringByBulge
GM_Conic GM_Clothoid GM_PolynomialSpline Spatial schema (ISO 19107) GM_Triangle GM_PolyhedralSurface GM_Tin
GM_Cone GM_Cylinder GM_Sphere
GM_GriddedSurface GM_BilinearGrid GM_BicubicGrid Spatial schema (ISO 19107) Simple Features (ISO 19125-1) LineString MultiLineString
Polygons with 1, 2, and 3 LinearRings MultiPolygon Simple Features (ISO 19125-1) Simple Features (ISO 19125-1)
Applied in geodatabases
Oracle Spatial PostGIS on PostgreSQL Esri-products etc.
Abstract data type Polygon
CREATE TABLE Settlements ( Name VARCHAR(30), Population INTEGER, Geometry POLYGON );
Settlements Population Geometry Coverage (ISO 19123) CV_DiscretePointCoverage CV_DiscreteCurveCoverage CV_DiscreteSurfaceCoverage
CV_DiscreteSolidCoverage CV_DiscreteGridPointCoverage CV_ThiessenPolygonCoverage
(20,22) (3,21) (12,20)
(28,17)
(3,12) (20,12) (11,11)
(31,7)
(6,2) (15,3) (24,2) Coverage (ISO 19123) Rectified grid (affine transformation) Referenceable grid (non-affine transformation)
Hexagonal grid coverage Triangulated irregular network (Tin)
(2, 11) (7, 11)
(15, 10)
(4, 8)
(1, 7) (9, 9)
(4, 5)
(11,2) CV_Coverage SC_CRS
CV_DiscreteCoverage CV_GeometryValuePair
Coverage CV_DiscretePointCoverage CV_PointValuePair GM_Point Value
(ISO 19123) CV_DiscreteCurveCoverage CV_CurveValuePair GM_Curve Value CV_DiscreteSurfaceCoverage CV_SurfaceValuePair GM_Surface
Value CV_DiscreteSolidCoverage CV_SolidValuePair GM_Solid Value CV_DiscreteGridPointCoverage CV_GridPointValuePair GM_Point CV_GridValuesMatrix Value CV_Grid CV_GridCell CV_GridPoint GM_Point
CV_ContinuousCoverage CV ValueObject CV_GeometryValuePair
CV_ThiessenPolygonCoverage CV_ThiessenValuePolygon CV_PointValuePair GM_Point Value
CV_ContinuousQuadrilateral CV_GridValueCell CV_GridPointValuePair GM_Point GridCoverage CV_GridValuesMatrix Value CV_Grid CV_GridCell CV_GridPoint GM_Point CV_HexagonalGridCoverage CV_ValueHexagon CV_GridPointValuePair GM_Point CV_GridValuesMatrix Value CV_Grid CV_GridCell CV_GridPoint GM_Point
CV_TINCoverage CV_ValueTriangle CV_PointValuePair GM_Point Value Charles Roswell, CV_SegmentedCurveCoverage CV_ValueCurve CV_ValueSegment GM_Curve USA CV_PointValuePair GM_Point Value _Geometry SC_CRS
Point
_Curve LineString
Curve _CurveSegment LineStringSegment _GeometricPrimitive Geography Markup OrientableCurve ArcString Arc Circle Language, GML CompositeCurve ArcStringByBulge ArcByCenterPoint CircleBy CenterPoint (ISO 19136) CubicSpline
BSpline Bezier
Knot
<
_Surface Polygon _Ring
Surface _SurfacePatch <
closed collection of
geometry primitives GeometricComplex MultiGeometry
MultiPoint
MultiCurve
MultiSurface _GeometricAggregate MultiSolid Imagery-standards
ISO 19101-2 “Reference model – Part 2: Imagery”
Georeferencing Metadata Calibration
ISO 19115-2 “Metadata – Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data”
ISO 19130-1 ISO 19130-2 “Imagery sensor models „Imagery sensor models for for geopositioning” geopositioning - Part 2: SAR/InSAR, Lidar and Sonar“
ISO 19159-1 ISO 19159-2 ISO 19159-3 “Calibration and “Calibration and “Calibration and validation of remote validation of remote validation of remote sensing imagery sensors sensing imagery sensors sensing imagery sensors – Part 1: Optical sensors” – Part 2: Lidar” – Part 3: SAR/InSAR” 3.4 Non-geometry standards of ISO/TC 211 Metadata
Metadata – Part 1: Fundamentals (ISO 19115-1)
Metadata – Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data (ISO 19115-2)
Metadata – Part 3: XML schema implementation of metadata fundamentals (ISO 19115-3)
Metadata standards developed by Dave Danko, Esri, CA and VA, USA Metadata – Part 1: Fundamentals (ISO 19115-1)
427 metadata elements, example: number 16, language Metadata – Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data (ISO 19115-2)
138 metadata elements Metadata – Part 3: XML schema implementation of metadata fundamentals (ISO 19115-3) Data quality (ISO 19157)
Three formerly separate standards ISO 19113 “Quality principles”, ISO 19114 “Quality evaluation procedures”, and ISO/TS 19138 “Data quality measures”
Project lead: Sweden
Quality principles The “data quality elements” contain quantitative quality information.
Completeness Negative example: missing road data
Logical consistency The application schema distinguishes between public and private houses. The dataset distinguishes between low and high buildings.
Spatial accuracy The absolute point accuracy is 10 cm (diagonal)
Temporal quality The date of the data compilation was August 2010.
Thematic accuracy Areas have been classified according to remotely sensed imagery as meadow although, in reality, they were swamps.
Usability A product specification fully applies for the intended purpose. However, the data are 12 years old. Data quality (ISO 19157)
Quality measures Completeness Commission C.1 excess item indication that an item is incorrectly present in the data
C.2 number of excess items number of items within the dataset that should not have
been in the dataset
C.3 Rate of excess items number of excess items in the dataset in relation to the number of items that should have been present
C.4 number of duplicate feature instances total number of exact duplications of feature instances within the data
Omission C.5 missing item indicator that shows that a specific item is missing in the data C.6 number of missing items count of all items that should have been in the dataset and are missing C.7 rate of missing items number of missing items in the dataset in relation to the number of items that should have been present
Similar quality measures for other quality principles Spatial referencing by coordinates (ISO 19111)
Spatial referencing by coordinates – Extension for parametric values (ISO 19111-2)
Geodetic codes and parameters (ISO 19127)
Well known text representation of coordinate reference systems (ISO 19162) Spatial referencing by coordinates (ISO 19111)
A Coordinate Reference System may be geodetic vertical engineering image
Subtypes of Coordinate Reference Systems derived projected compound Spatial referencing by coordinates (ISO 19111)
Coordinate System subtypes Spatial referencing by coordinates – Extension for parametric values (ISO 19111-2)
Combination of a horizontal spatial Coordinate Reference System with a non- spatial third dimension, e.g. the "pressure altitude" in aviation.
Geodetic codes and parameters (ISO 19127)
Supported by NATO Well known text representation of coordinate reference systems (ISO 19162)
Well Known Text (WKT) offers a compact machine- and human-readable representation of geometric objects, including Coordinate Reference Systems.
Example for a spatio-parametric CRS
COMPOUNDCRS["ICAO layer 0", GEODETICCRS["WGS 84", DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984", ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1.0]]], CS[ellipsoidal,2], AXIS["latitude",north,ORDER[1]], AXIS["longitude",east,ORDER[2]], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], PARAMETRICCRS["WMO standard atmosphere", PARAMETRICDATUM["Mean Sea Level", ANCHOR["Mean Sea Level = 1013.25 hPa"]], CS[parametric,1], AXIS["pressure (P)",unspecified], PARAMETRICUNIT["HectoPascal",100]]] EPSG-Codes
The EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset is a collection of definitions of coordinate reference systems and coordinate transformations
Origin: European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG), UK
Today maintained by IOGP, International Association of Oil and Gas Producers
Adopted by the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2001
Developed by Roger Lott, UK NTv2, National Transformation, version 2
De facto standard for the transformation of geospatial data from one coordinate reference system to another
Developed by the NRCan’s Geodetic Survey in the mid-nineties
2D
Two Austrian institutions – Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen and Technische Universität Wien – have indicated an interest in extending the NTv2 to the third dimension.
Recent attempts and results at other places: • Inefficient mechanism for vertical data storage and access • New format is required, with many of the attributes of the NTv2 file structure
Involved experts: Roger Lott, UK, Mike Cramer, NRCan/Can., Dave Danko, Esri/USA, Keith Ryden, Esri/USA. Land Administration Domain Model (LADM, ISO 19152)
Intention: Help building modern property cadastre systems In particular in those countries which do not have a century of cadastral tradition
Structure: Abstract, conceptual schema with five basic packages (1) parties (people and organizations), (2) rights, responsibilities, and restrictions (ownership rights), (3) spatial units (parcels, buildings and networks), (4) spatial sources (surveying), and (5) spatial descriptions (geometry and topology)
Project lead: The Netherlands Preservation of digital data and metadata (ISO 19165)
Preliminary works:
ISO 14721:2012 “Space data and information transfer systems – Open archival information system (OAIS) – Reference model”
GI+100: 16 principles for the archival of geospatial data, published by the European National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies:
Archiving of digital Geographic Information begins at the point of data creation, rather than at the point of withdrawal from active systems (1).
Be selective and decide what to archive and what to lose (3).
Consider preservation timeframes of 1, 10, 100 years (4).
Geographical data should be preserved in a way that non geo-specialists can handle (8). Preservation of digital data and metadata (ISO 19165)
Earlier standard: Space data and information transfer systems – Open archival information system (OAIS) – Reference model (ISO 14721)
Input: Submission Information Package (SIP) Storage: Archival Information Package (AIP) Output: Dissemination Information Package (DIP) Preservation Principles of the ISO 19165
Prioritization Proposed categories 1 year, 10 years, 100 years, more
Data formats Format registry
Database Persistent understanding of the technology for accessing this dataset.
Properties Assumptions about the future potential use of the data
Level of aggregation Which levels of detail are required for archival?
Gold copy To increase reliability, copy in an open format
Intellectual property rights Authoritative geospatial data often possess legal restrictions (copyrights, authority to modify representation, agreements with external organizations)
Time Many geospatial data are continuously updated such as cadastral data (time slices)
Preservation of digital data and metadata (ISO 19165): Top-level classes of the metadata model for preservation (reddish) and the related classes of the ISO 19115-1 (white). class Preservation Metadata
GP_PreservationMetadata
+resourceUsage MD_Usage Value, 0..* justification and strategy:: GP_Usage
Metadata Information:: +valueAndStrategy 0..1 MD_Metadata Value, justification and strategy:: GP_ValueAndPreserv ationStrategy
+distributionInfo 0..* + preservationStrategyPolicy :CI_Citation [0..1] + nextReview :CI_PreservationReview [0..1] Distribution information:: MD_Distribution constraints {dueDate:CI_Date:dateType=expiry} + description :CharacterString [0..1]
0..1 +adquisition 0..* +resourceLineage 0..* +preservationActions Acces Rights::GP_Acquisition Lineage information::LI_Lineage + donor :CI_Responsibility [1..*] + statement :CharacterString [0..1] + acquisitionEvent :CharacterString [0..1] + scope :MD_Scope [0..1] + acquisitionStatus :CharacterString [0..1] + additionalDocumentation :CI_Citation [0..*] + rightsClearanceStatement :CharacterString [0..1] + preservationCopiesAllowed :Boolean
0..* +associatedResource MD_AssociatedResource 1..* +archivalInfo Context Information::GP_AssociatedResource
OAIS_PackagingInformation + relationType :GP_RelationTypeCode [0..1] Packaging Information:: GP_PackagingInformation
+ packageIdentifier :MD_identifier - packageType :GP_PackageType Roadmap to the ISO 19100 standards 4 Open Geospatial Consortium
Goals: Enablement of interoperability of geospatial data
Founded in 1994, presently with over 500 members
President and Chief Executive Officer of the Open Geospatial Consortium: Mark Reichardt
Open Geospatial Consortium: Members (examples)
Software- Producers
Administration
Universities Research-Labs Hardware- Producers Data producers OGC Abstract Specifications – Overview
1 AS for each Topic
Modelled in UML Overview over important OGC Web Services Membership of the OGC
2008
2015
90 5 Interrelations
Cooperation
Cooperative Agreement 1998 CEN may adopt ISO standards
DIN may adopt ISO standards
DIN may cooperate DIN must adopt with ISO CEN standards Standards overview Fundamental Base standards Modelling ISO 19101-1 Reference model ISO 19103 Demand of UML ISO 19101-2 Reference model, Imagery ISO 19109 Application schema ISO 19104 Terminology ISO 19110 Feature catalogues ISO 19105 Conformance and testing ISO 19118 Encoding ISO 19106 Profile Central Quality Metadata Registry ISO 19157 Quality ISO 19115-1 MD ISO 19135 Registry ISO 19158 Quality assurance ISO 19115-2 MD imagery ISO 19126 Concept dictionaries ISO 19115-3 MD, xml ISO 19145 Point registration
Workhorses Geodetic reference Geometry SDI Imagery ISO 19111 Coordinates ISO 19107 Spatial schema ISO 19128 WMS ISO 19130-1/-2 Georeferencing ISO 19111-2 Parametric values ISO 19136 GML ISO 19142 WFS ISO 19159-1/-2 Calibration ISO 19112 Identifiers CityGML ISO 19143 Filter encoding ISO 19163 Content components (format) ISO 19162 wkt coordinates ISO 19125 Simple features Web Catalogue S. Sensor ML ISO 19127 Geodetic codes ISO 19123 Coverages Web Coverage S. ISO 19161 Geodetic reference ISO 19137 Core profiles Web Coordinate Trans.S. Styled Layer Descriptor KML hardly used Individuals Time Cartography ISO 19108 Temporal schema ISO 19117 Cadastre Measurement Ontology ISO 19152 ISO 19156 ISO 19150-1/-2/-3/-4 Location Based Services gone, no relevance ISO 19132 ISO 19102 Addressing Classification Geospatial rights ISO 19133 ISO 19113 ISO 19114 ISO 19160 ISO 19144-1/-2 ISO 19153 Management ISO 19134 ISO 19120 ISO 19149 Expression language ISO 19121 Ubiquitous GIS ISO 19122 ISO 19147 Transfer nodes ISO 19124 most important groups of standards ISO 19148 Linear referencing ISO 19138 ISO 19151 Logical location ISO 19139 implementation level standards ISO 19154 Ubiquitous GIS ISO 19140 ISO 19155 Place identifiers Modelling ISO/TC 211: Shape change
ISO/TS 19159-1 UML-class-diagram
ISO/TS 19159-1 ShapeChange XML Schema
Access library (e.g. java) The End