CYMRU’N COFIO REMEMBERS PROGRAMME 2018 1914 - 1918

i Foreword

First Minister Carwyn Jones Sir Deian Hopkin, 2017 was a particularly significant year for Wales First Minister’s Expert Adviser in the First World War centenary commemoration on the First World War as we remembered the Third Battle of Ypres 2017 saw momentous and moving occasions such (Passchendaele), which saw the loss of so many as the ceremonies at the newly expanded Welsh Welshmen, including the poet Hedd Wyn. Memorial Park at Langemark and at Tyne Cot, as On 31 July, I attended the Welsh National Service part of the commemoration of Passchendaele. of Remembrance in Langemark, Flanders to While there were no similar epic confrontations honour the 3000 Welsh casualties suffered during during 1918, it was a year of rapidly changing the horrific battle of Passchendaele, and where the fortunes and we will continue to remember and 38th (Welsh) Division played a key role. Some of reflect on the unabated sacrifice and suffering. those who lost their lives are remembered for their It also saw the momentous Representation of the contribution to Welsh culture – such as poetry and People Act which extended the vote to all men sport – but it is important we remember all those over 21 and, for the first time, to women, albeit Welsh men who died during battle. over 30, which not only trebled the electorate but In September it was my honour and privilege to changed the political landscape. Elsewhere in the officially reopen Yr Ysgwrn with Gerald Williams, world, important events were taking place with nephew of Hedd Wyn. Yr Ysgwrn has been long-lasting consequences; in the Middle East, beautifully renovated and I’m pleased the where Welsh-born Lawrence of Arabia played a key role, and in Russia where soldiers from Britain Welsh Government was able to support this work. became embroiled with others in the attempts to I would encourage all to visit. overturn the new Bolshevik government. We continue to work closely with the The centenary of the Armistice in November Government of Flanders and a number of events will be an opportunity to take stock of the war have taken place through the year, culminating and consider what lessons should be learnt, not in a commemorative event at the Senedd in least why “the war to end all wars” proved to be November. anything but. The digital legacy will be vital because As we look forward to 2018, our focus will so much work has been done across Wales to be on the end of the War and the role of examine the personal histories of those involved as Prime Minister, for and the experience of families and communities example in the formation of the RAF. and to continue enriching our understanding. I am grateful to communities and organisations Ensuring that this material is made available to for all their hard work in supporting the Cymru’n generations to come will be a priority. CofioWales Remembers 1914–1918 Programme. In closing, I would like to thank all those It is heartening that excellent projects and events individuals, groups and organisations across Wales, continue to mark this important period in the including members of the Wales Remembers history of our nation. Board, who have made such important contributions to the success of the programme. © Crown copyright 2018 WG33171 Contents

The Royal Air Force 2 Wales and Flanders: 16 Stuart Hadaway considers the development of air A First World War Symposium power during the First World War, the factors that In November 2017, one hundred years after the led to the creation of the RAF and the Passchendaele offensive ground to a halt in the Welsh contribution to the war in the air. Flanders mud, academics, linguists, politicians, artists, and members of the public gathered at The War at Sea 1914–1918 5 the Pierhead in to explore the Welsh and Huw Williams discusses Wales’ contribution to the Flemish experience of the First World War, as War at Sea between 1914 and 1918. Dr Toby Thacker discusses.

Lloyd George: ‘Architect of Victory’ 8 The meeting of three brothers in 18 David Lloyd George was appointed Prime Minister in the First World War of a coalition government in December 1916, with Duncan and Gerard Fitzwilliams were in Mircea a simple brief: to prosecute the war more vigorously, Hospital in Roman, Romania in July 1917, when as Dr Toby Thacker explains. their youngest brother John appeared. They thought he was at home convalescing from wounds suffered Creating a lasting inheritance 10 in France, where he had commanded an artillery Owen Llywelyn, Outreach and Participation battery. But instead of returning him to the Front as Manager at The National Library of Wales, he had expected, the War Office had sent him on a discusses the Library’s contribution to Wales special mission to Russia and Romania. Remembers activities in 2018. Alan N. Owen recounts their story.

Remembering at Amgueddfa Cymru – 12 Archives and Records Council Wales 20 National Museum Wales Vicky Jones discusses the way in which Welsh archives This year Amgueddfa Cymru will be reflecting have been commemorating the First World War. on the conclusion of the First World War, how it was celebrated at the time, commemorated in the Conserving our war memorials 22 aftermath and remembered today. The Museum’s War memorials across Wales play an important secondary focus will be women; it is exploring role in the commemoration of the First World throughout the year the ways in which women War. They are an expression of loss, grief and worked, how they were treated and how they pride shared by communities and a focal point for campaigned for voting rights, as Pip Diment discusses. commemoration, and their location often directly reflects that public role, as Julie Osmond explains. First World War: Secondary School 14 Grant Scheme Sources of funding 24 Meinir Davies (Ysgol David Hughes) and First World War Centenary Projects. Nathan Keeble (Aberdare School) recount projects undertaken by their respective schools using Events 26 £1,000 grants provided by the Welsh Government Events listing for 2018. Department for Education and Skills.

Front cover: SE5as of No. 85 Sqn lined up at St Omer, June 1918. RAF(AHB) / © UK MoD Crown Copyright Left: A Submarine Scout airship in flight. RAF(AHB) / © UK MoD Crown Copyright Right: Captain Richard Lloyd George, Mrs Owen Thomas, Prime Minister David Lloyd George, his wife Margaret and Brigadier-General Owen 1 Thomas at Llandudno after the great war speech given by the PM © IWM (Q 54471) Pilots and observers serving with No. 8 Squadron in France relax in the squadron bar shortly after the Armistice in late 1918. RAF(AHB) / © UK MoD Crown Copyright Stuart Hadaway considers the development of air power during the First World War, the factors that led to the creation of the RAF and the Welsh contribution to the war in the air.

On 1 April 1918, the Royal Air 1,844 personnel. Just four years of aircraft were in service, many Force was formed. It was the later, at the end of the war, the of them in highly specialised roles. first independent air force in the number had grown to over Fighters such as the Sopwith world, and Britain’s third armed 22,000 aircraft and over 300,000 Camel or SE5a could fly at over service. personnel, including the Women’s 120mph, to heights of over 20,000 Royal Air Force. feet, and were armed with two The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) machine guns as well as bomb had been formed in 1912 with a The flying services had also grown loads of up to 100 pounds if Military Wing and a Naval Wing. in capability. The mainstay of 1914 necessary. Purpose-designed In 1914, the Naval Wing had – the Royal Aircraft Factory BE2 bombers such the Handley Page broken away to form the Royal – could reach speeds of 70mph 0/400 could carry nearly 2,000 Naval Air Service (RNAS), and as and heights of 10,000 feet, while pounds of bombs against factories Britain entered the First World War carrying 100 pounds in bombs and in . The Bristol Fighter the two formations could boast a armed with just rifles or revolvers was so advanced and capable that it total of 272 aeroplanes and for defence. By 1918, a vast array would stay in service until 1932.

2 The Royal Aircraft Factory SE5a of the Shuttleworth Collection © Stuart Hadaway

Even more advanced types were With the , maritime Throughout the war, the RFC on the cusp of entering service: patrol and strike operations had would struggle not just to the Vickers Vimy bomber would, been mounted, with aircraft being maintain its frontline strength, but within a year of the end of the launched from ships and floating also to expand constantly. war, be used to make pioneering platforms. Even remotely piloted They would be locked in a flights across the Atlantic vehicles had been experimented technological fight with the (a little under ten years since with, albeit not very successfully. Germans as one side would Louis Blériot had stunned the leap forward in aircraft design world by just about managing to At the outbreak of the or tactics, and the other would cross the English Channel) as well First World War, the RFC struggle to catch up. Casualty rates as to Australia and South Africa. had deployed four squadrons could be appalling, especially as to France. Later, squadrons the lightly constructed wood and These aircraft allowed an would also be sent to Egypt, fabric aircraft would easily break astonishing array of tasks to Salonika, Mesopotamia, Italy, up or catch fire in flight, and be undertaken; there are very the Dardanelles and Africa. parachutes were too heavy and few roles the RAF fulfils today cumbersome for practical use. that were not also part of its capabilities in 1918.

The RAF had been able to send aircraft to support the army around the world for use as fighters and bombers, for reconnaissance and ground attack, and even to drop supplies to ground forces and evacuate casualties.

A Handley Page V/1500 heavy bomber, which entered service just after the end of the First World War. RAF(AHB) / © UK MoD Crown Copyright 3 As the RFC supported the army overseas, the RNAS supported the Royal Navy in home waters and elsewhere. Defence of the UK was initially the responsibility of the RNAS, but in early 1916 it passed to the RFC. However, both forces struggled to fulfil that role, and German Zeppelin airships seemed to bomb the country with impunity. These were eventually defeated in late 1916, but in early Dogfight: The Shuttleworth Collection’s SE5a and Albatros DV engage in mock combat. © Stuart Hadaway 1917 German aeroplanes took their place, and again the flying services seemed incapable of Chaired by the South By 1918 aeroplanes with sufficient stopping them. African General Jan Smuts, range to patrol the sea had the Committee’s first report, been developed. Land planes The defences were disorganised, on 11 July 1917, recommended were briefly based at both sites, while the RFC and RNAS forming a unified command although those at Llangefni moved competed with each other over for the units defending the to Bangor in the last weeks of resources, aircraft designs, UK. The second report, on the war. manufacturing output and 17 August 1917, recommended Equally vital to the war effort, other issues. Both were growing unifying the RFC and RNAS into RFC Shotwick, later renamed rapidly to meet expanding global a single, independent service, Sealand, was opened as a flying commitments, but time and and creating an Air Ministry to school, to keep the ever-needed resources were being wasted support it. The proposal was supply of new aircrew flowing. through lack of co-ordination. approved by Parliament and the Increasingly, in matters of home King in November 1917, and on defence or the strategic bombing 1 April 1918 the Royal Air Force Many thousands of of Germany, the RFC and RNAS was formed. were branching into areas outside Welsh men and women the direct remit of their parent The first air station in Wales would join the flying services. was RNAS Milton, later known as Carew Charlton, which was services, and they established in the summer of 1915 included many and was soon followed by RNAS Llangefni, later known as Mona, notable aces. on . Both sites were airship stations, Perhaps most famous from where the RNAS could was Captain patrol the Western Approaches and the Irish Sea, looking for the Ira ‘Taffy’ Jones, German submarines that would DSO MC DFC & A Submarine Scout airship in flight attempt to intercept shipping RAF (AHB) / © UK MoD Crown Copyright going in and out of Liverpool Bar MM. and Bristol. In July 1917, Prime Minister This was vital work, keeping In just four months David Lloyd George established Britain’s sea lanes open. Had too with No. 74 Squadron a Committee on Air Organization much shipping been lost, British and Home Defence Against Air factories would have ground to in 1918, he was credited Raids to examine the air defence a halt for lack of raw materials, with around 37 of the UK, and how the flying crippling the war effort, and the ‘victories’ over enemy services should work together population would have begun generally. to starve. aircraft. 4 The War at Sea 1914–1918

HMS Cardiff leading the German High Seas Fleet to surrender in the Firth of Forth, 21 November 1918 © National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, (BHC0670)

In 1914 Britain was To sustain its pre-eminence, the With the coming of war, these the world’s maritime Royal Navy could rely on a secure collieries’ production was reserved superpower with the and unrivalled supply of steam for the fleet, which required coal from the ‘Admiralty’ collieries 100,000–225,000 tons a month, largest merchant fleet of South Wales. Their names and allied navies. plying the seas under the –‘Ocean’, ‘Nixon’s Navigation’, protection of a dominant The extensive railway sidings at ‘The Naval’ – often reflected this Quaker’s Yard and Pontypool Royal Navy. connection. marshalled special coal trains that were routed over the railways of Since the 1890’s, however, Mid-Wales and the Welsh Borders Germany had been expanding its to Scapa Flow and other naval ports. navy with the aim of challenging Britain’s position, so instigating a By the end of the war these costly ‘Naval Race’. ‘Jellicoe Specials’ (named after the Commander-in-Chief, Grand Fleet) Consequently, when had delivered 5 million tons of David Lloyd George as coal, in addition to that shipped Chancellor of the Exchequer Nixon’s Navigation Colliery, Mountain Ash. directly from Cardiff. presented his ‘People’s Budget’ By kind permission of Libraries With the control of the in 1909 the increased taxes were as much to fund naval English Channel secure and the Private ship-owners and foreign Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow, construction as to pay for a navies followed the Royal Navy in nascent welfare state. Britain was in a position to burning ‘Welsh’, so contributing transport the army to France and to the boom in South Wales coal exports. 5 institute a blockade that would Germany’s response to the The Irish Sea and the Bristol sweep the German merchant fleet blockade was to declare the waters Channel became a fruitful hunting from the seas and deny access to around the British Isles in February ground for the U-Boats. seaborne imports of foodstuffs 1915 a ‘war zone’ within which The National Monuments Record of and raw materials. merchant ships were liable to be Wales records some 170 First World War wrecks around the Welsh coast, In the event, the huge battle sunk without warning. which are currently being researched fleets to which so much effort This period saw the through the Heritage Lottery funded and expense had been devoted project, ‘The Forgotten U-boat War only clashed once, in murk and war’s most notorious around the Welsh Coast’. gathering darkness at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916. sinking when the Hugh Evan-Thomas, born on his U-20 torpedoed family’s Gnoll estate in Neath, was and sank the liner a widely liked and respected officer Lusitania off the who by 1916 held one of the most coveted appointments in the Irish coast on 7 May, Navy, as rear-admiral commanding with the loss of the Grand Fleet’s new ‘Queen Above: Image provided by Bangor University 1,265 lives. from data acquired during the SEACAMS2 Elizabeth’ class fast battleships. project, part funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh Assigned to support the battle A second phase of unrestricted Government submarine warfare started in cruiser force, Evan-Thomas’ ships February 1917, with the aim were delayed from coming into The U-boat threat was mastered from action by a signalling mistake on the of finally starving Britain into June 1917 onwards by organising battle cruisers’ flagship Lion, but submission. Her vulnerability soon merchant ships into convoys, which once engaged, they distinguished became apparent as shipping losses were harder to detect in the vastness themselves by covering the badly rose quickly and unsustainably of the ocean and easier to escort and mauled battle cruisers and holding from 520,000 tons in February defend; and by the introduction of off the German High Seas Fleet 1917 to 800,000 tons in April. food rationing under the direction of until it came briefly under the guns the Liberal politician and industrialist of the Grand Fleet before Below: Admiral Evan-Thomas, middle, D. A. Thomas, Viscount Rhondda escaping into the gathering night. alongside members of the crew and ‘Jack the Dog’ on board HMS Barham © IWM (Q 114829) (himself a survivor of the sinking of the Lusitania) as Minister of Jutland showed that the Kaiser’s Food Control. battle fleet lacked the strength to engage the Grand Fleet at sea and survive, and although it can now be seen as a strategic victory, the Navy was deeply affected by its failure to achieve another Trafalgar. Evan-Thomas became a central figure in the ‘Jutland Controversy’ that continues to this day: on the one hand pilloried as an archetype of a service that had come to discourage initiative, yet on the other admired for his conduct in action and arguably saving the day for the battle-cruisers.

6 Seaman William Williams of Seaman William Williams Amlwch served with distinction on VC © Kenneth Williams Collection, courtesy of several such ‘Q’ ships, winning the Amgueddfa Cymru - VC during the sinking of the National Museum Wales UC 29 by the converted Cardiff collier HMS Pargust on 7 June 1917. Prior to this, of Chepstow had won the VC posthumously during the Cape Helles landings at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915, serving on HMS River Clyde. Wales’ third naval VC of the war was Chief Petty Officer George Prowse of Landore, , of the Drake Battalion, Royal Naval Division; the award was for acts Occasionally there was an of sustained leadership and opportunity for merchant ships bravery in attacks near Arras in to strike back. In March 1918 the September 1918. Cardiff steamer SS Sylvia fought He was killed in action soon after off a U-boat with her single gun Medal group of Seaman William Williams VC, and the VC presented to his widow under the direction of the master, including his © Amgueddfa Cymru-National Museum Wales was the last awarded with a blue Captain William Lobb, also of naval ribbon. Cardiff. He was 73 at the time and his actions earned him the The U-Boat campaign against The culmination of the Royal Distinguished Service Cross. British and allied shipping in the Navy’s efforts came when, in Irish Sea continued into the final the early hours of 21 November At the other end of the age range weeks of the war, which saw the 1918, the light cruiser HMS Cardiff serving in the merchant service was sinking of the Dublin mail packet (launched the previous year by Cook’s Boy Edwin Cox of Milford RMS Leinster, the Japanese cargo Mrs Lloyd George) slipped out Haven, lost when the SS Sandhurst liner Hirano Maru and US Navy of the Firth of Forth to lead was torpedoed in the North escort USCGC Tampa, all with into captivity the dilapidated and Channel on 6 , aged 15. heavy loss of life. demoralised ships of the One of the tactics devised to German High Seas Fleet. counter the U-boats was the use of converted merchant ships armed Thus ended the war with concealed guns to lure U-boats at sea, at a cost of into making surface attacks. the lives of 55,000 British seamen, of whom an unprecedented 12,000 were from the merchant service.

Chief Petty Officer George Prowse VC © Lord Ashcroft Medal Collection Right: Medal group of Chief Petty Officer George Prowse VC © Lord Ashcroft Medal Collection 7 Lloyd George: ‘Architect of Victory’1 David Lloyd George was appointed Prime Minister of a coalition government in December 1916, with a simple brief: to prosecute the war more vigorously. Across the country, people of all shades of opinion hoped that he would bring to the direction of the war the energy and ability he had already demonstrated as Minister for Munitions, and as Secretary for War. Lloyd George himself had been appalled by the terrible loss of life in the attritional campaign on the Somme, and believed that the war could be won by attacking Germany’s allies in theatres away from the trenches in Flanders. This brought him into direct conflict with Field-Marshal Haig and his supporters on the At sea, the convoy system was David Lloyd George had by General Staff, who argued that introduced to counter the threat this time presided over a huge there must be a total concentration from German submarines. strengthening and re-organisation of resources on the Western Front. of the British armed forces, which Reluctantly, David Lloyd George In the final months of 1918 included the formation of an agreed to back the Passchendaele Lloyd George believed that his independent Royal Air Force in offensive in 1917, but he also strategy was vindicated when first April 1918. sought to divert resources to Italy, Bulgaria, then Turkey and Austria Salonika, Mesopotamia, were forced out of the war, leaving and Palestine. Germany isolated. Above: A newspaper placard from the Daily Mirror showing David Lloyd George © IWM (Art.IWM PST 13012) Left: Captain Richard Lloyd George, Mrs Owen Thomas, Prime Minister David Lloyd George, his wife Margaret and Brigadier-General Owen Thomas at Llandudno after the great war speech given by the PM © IWM (Q 54471)

1 Kenneth Morgan, David Lloyd George: 8 Welsh Radical as World Statesman (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1963), p. 85 First World War as, in David Jones’ famous phrase, a ‘misadventure’,2 to find fault with Lloyd George’s leadership. We should not forget though the qualities which his many supporters at the time so admired: his energy, his determination, and his unique ability to communicate with people from different classes and regions. This was a Prime Minister who brought together captains of industry and trade unions, a man at ease with press barons, and At home, his government granted At home, David Lloyd George’s the vote to women over the age vision of a land ‘fit for heroes’ who addressed audiences at the of 30, and had laid out ambitious foundered in the post-war National Eisteddfod in Welsh. post-war plans for the reform of economic depression, and in 1922 Nor should we overlook the education and the development of he was swept from office. magnitude of the tasks he faced. A century after the First World social housing. At the negotiations David Lloyd George left a divided War, as Britain confronts an which produced the Treaty of legacy. He has been attacked from uncertain future, we may still Versailles in 1919, Lloyd George all sides. Haig and his supporters admire the supreme political skill found himself caught between never forgave him for what of David Lloyd George, what A. the demands of the French for they saw as a failure properly to J. P. Taylor called his mixture of a hard peace, and American resource the army on the Western ‘inspiration and guile’.3 Writing on hopes for ‘self-determination’ for Front. Many have seen the Treaty the centenary of Lloyd George’s peoples in Europe. The resulting of Versailles as provoking the birth in 1963, Kenneth Morgan compromises left few happy, and rise of Nazism in Germany, and portrayed his career as a ‘decisive the newly established League of the League of Nations as an catalyst in the transition from Nations was to prove unable to ignominious failure. Victorian Britain to the society of maintain the new but precarious Feminists have criticised his the twentieth century’. international order. government for not giving the vote to women on terms of equality David Lloyd George, he with men. In Wales there were continued, ‘symbolized a new those who were dismayed by his social revolution, that the day failure to introduce Home Rule of the cottage-bred man had after the war. In Ireland there was dawned’.4 We should perhaps also , and in 1922 partition. remember how to a contemporary Across Britain there was industrial observer like Lord Beaverbrook, strife, and many ex-servicemen preoccupied with the immediate felt bitterly disappointed by the challenge to the nation’s security, economic hardships they had Lloyd George was quite simply ‘the to endure. It is easy now, in an age greatest War Minister England had which tends to see the seen for over a hundred years’.5

Above: David Lloyd George leaving the Trianon Palace Hotel after the Germans had received the Peace Treaty Preliminaries. Versailles, 3 May 1919 © IWM (Q 57041) Top and right: David Lloyd George emerging from a captured German dug-out at Fricourt, 12 September 1916 © IWM (Q 1179) / IWM (Q1187)

2 David Jones, In Parenthesis ([1937] London: Faber and Faber, 1969), Preface 3 A. J. P. Taylor, English History 1914-1945 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965), p. 76 4 Kenneth Morgan, David Lloyd George: Welsh Radical as World Statesman (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1963), p. 85 9 5 Lord Beaverbrook, Politicians and the War 1914-1916 ([1928] London: Collins, 1960), p. 71. Beaverbrook uses ‘England’ here, as his contemporaries did, as synonymous with ‘Britain’ Creating a lasting inheritance Owen Llywelyn, Outreach and Participation Manager at The National Library of Wales, discusses the Library’s contribution to Wales Remembers activities in 2018. During 2018 the National Library of Wales will continue the work of creating a permanent body of Welsh items to enable people of all ages to understand how Wales and the world changed as a result of the First World War and the peace conferences. To add to the hundreds of thousands of images on the Wales 1914 website which come from libraries, special collections departments and record offices in Wales, and the successful learning resources on Hwb, created jointly with National Museum Wales, the Library will create a facsimile of the manuscript of ‘Yr Arwr’ by Hedd Wyn, will develop a new digital platform to draw attention to the David Lloyd George collection, and will undertake conservation and digitisation work on the First World War photographic collection of D. C. Harries.

‘Yr Arwr’ Two copies of the winning poem The other is the copy of the poem In this manuscript version, which from the Birkenhead National which won him the chair, and forms part of the National Eisteddfod of 1917 in the hand which was sent to the Eisteddfod Eisteddfod of Wales collection, of Hedd Wyn are preserved at the from the village of Fléchin in Hedd Wyn uses the pseudonym National Library of Wales. northern France in July 1917. ‘Fleur-de-lis’. One is a draft copy which Hedd Wyn wrote under the pseudonym ‘Y Palm Pell’, which contains the poet’s own marginal notes. The poem ‘Yr Arwr’ [The Hero] with notes by adjudicators. By kind permission of The National Library of Wales

Hedd Wyn. By kind permission of The National Library of Wales

10 It includes marginal notes, Many substantial resources relating Photograph of a soldier with his observations and corrections by to David Lloyd George are daughter by D.C. the adjudicators T. Gwynn Jones, preserved in the National Library Harries. By kind permission of The J. J. Williams and Evan Rees of Wales: photographs, ephemera, National Library (Dyfed). Dyfed was the Archdruid film, sound tapes, letters, diaries, of Wales at the time, and conducted the printed matter and art works. dramatic ceremony at Birkenhead The Library is also home to when the chair was draped in black. important archives, including family papers, the archive of his The poem has already been brother William George, the papers digitised, and units of the of Dr. Thomas Jones (Deputy National Library Digitisation and Secretary to the Cabinet), the Conservation Services will create a collection of his personal secretary facsimile to be used when bringing A. J. Sylvester, the papers and the story of Hedd Wyn to life in letters of his daughters, D. C. Harries our outreach and contact work, Lady Olwen Carey Evans and D. C. Harries was a photographer especially with schools and , the papers who worked from two studios at young people. of his secretary and second wife Llandeilo and Ammanford. In the Frances Stevenson, and the archive collection of his work held at the David Lloyd George of the appeal to raise a memorial National Library of Wales there to Lloyd George in London. are around 1,200 glass negatives A Lloyd George online exhibition, dating from the period of the created by the Library over a First World War, including portraits decade ago, has been archived, and of soldiers, probably from the area, there is no longer any public access in their uniforms. We do not know to it. The National Library will the identity of the vast majority create a new digital exhibition on of these soldiers or their stories, Lloyd George, which will include and only a very small number of parts of the old exhibition and individuals have been identified. new items. The aim of this project Only about 200 of the negatives will be to commemorate the life have been digitised so far, and and work of David Lloyd George, the Library will undertake particularly his contribution to conservation, cataloguing and British politics during the digitisation work to ensure that a David Lloyd George during a speech in First World War, and to give people large part of the collection is Dundee, Scotland © IWM (Q70208) throughout the world access to made accessible to the people of information about David Lloyd Wales and the wider world. David Lloyd George (1863–1945) George preserved at the is the most famous international National Library of Wales. The digital images will be available statesman ever to come from for use in a crowdsourcing Wales. His influence on politics in project. This may include tagging Wales, the and photographs with information Europe was significant. He was on regiments and insignia, a Liberal Member of Parliament researching newspapers of the for fifty years and served in period to find articles relevant government continuously from to the photographs, or even 1905 to 1922. He became Prime identifying and naming individuals Minister in the middle of the First in the photographs. The aims World War in December 1916, and of the project will be to make continued in his post after the 1918 the photographs searchable election as leader of a coalition and accessible, to ensure the with the Conservatives. In 1945 preservation of the original he was created Earl Lloyd-George materials, and to open up the of Dwyfor. collection to researchers, family historians and those interested Welsh version of We Can Conquer Unemployment, the famous Lloyd George pamphlet of 1929. in the history of the war. By kind permission of The National Library of Wales 11 Remembering at Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales

AC-NMW’s Poppy fields © AC-NMW

This year Amgueddfa Cymru will be reflecting on the conclusion of the First World War, how it was celebrated at the time, commemorated in the aftermath and remembered today. Our secondary focus will be women; we are exploring throughout the year the ways in which women worked, how they were treated and how they campaigned for voting rights.

Our flagship exhibition will be at Through extensive activities with We will be hosting events at many National Museum Cardiff: local schools, artists, historians of our sites about the home front Poppies for Remembrance and community groups, using and women in the war effort, 21 July 2018 – 7 January 2019 will art, poetry and sculpture, we will especially to commemorate explore how the poppy became commemorate anew local men International Women’s Day around the symbol for remembrance, who lost their lives in the war. 8 March – 100 years since the first and provide an opportunity for Dyffryn Nantlle Young Farmers law was passed giving women the contemplation and reflection on Club are already attending right to vote in General Elections. loss and recovery. The exhibition workshops in the Museum’s Forge will also provide information on to produce metal poppies. the science of poppy biodiversity, Women and the home front and will look at the many species continue to be an important part of poppies and what threats there of our response to First World are to their existence. Alongside War commemoration. National this exhibition we will run Waterfront Museum Swansea workshops and make a call out to is developing an exhibition the public to create 40,000 poppies on Munitionettes and to commemorate the number of Canary Girls September – Welsh people who died in the December 2018. First World War. Women were recruited to work Another major highlight of in the munitions factories our work in 2018 will be at during the First World War and the National Slate Museum – were nicknamed Munitionettes Cofeb (Memorial) 23 July – or Canary Girls. Although 31 December 2018, which will the work was heavy and focus on the very special hazardous, the women had a Pen-yr-Orsedd memorial in new-found freedom both in Dyffryn Nantlle. and out of the factories. Panel from AC-NMW 12 Poppies exhibition © AC-NMW We are establishing a garden-based at the castle as therapy; project at National Waterfront these contrast greatly Museum Swansea which will be with the brutality of part of ‘Now the Hero’, a the war. As part of our First World War and art weekender ongoing work with many project across Swansea. This will diverse communities, this involve working with community element is co-produced groups as learners and volunteers with present-day soldiers and to develop designs for a garden, veterans whose oral histories will make the beds, grow plants and be showcased in the gallery. produce soups and more from the produce. Textile Installation of 887,858 will be working with poppies to commemorate each Oakdale and Armed Forces person from the UK who died community members throughout serving their country. We hope to 2018 to co-research the display this at the museum during First World War Victory Ball that 2018. In November we will display was held at Oakdale Workmen’s the responses to our Annual Institute in early 1919. Colleges competition for which the Together they will explore the brief this year is Women at War, historical events leading up to the expanding further on our key theme. organisation of the ball, what it We will continue to add to our meant to the local community in online First World War digitisation 1919, and how returning soldiers project, building on the work we felt as they were reunited with their have previously undertaken, to families and friends. There will be make as many of our First World an opportunity to re-enact the ball War related items available to in 2019 and film the occasion, to view online. be used as a permanent feature of Also at St Fagans, a 3-D printed Our mobile exhibitions which the interpretation of the building. replica of Y Gadair Ddu, the we are sharing amongst our sites We are very excited that in ‘Black Chair’ posthumously continue to tour, with October 2018 we will open our awarded to the Welsh poet Dark Clouds over the Woollen Wales Is… gallery in St Fagans Hedd Wyn at the Birkenhead Industry 11 November 2017 National Museum of History. National Eisteddfod 1917 will – 4 March 2018 and then A section of the gallery will focus be displayed in 2018. The replica For Freedom and for Empire on the First World War and the chair was commissioned from October 2018 – March 2019 story of St Fagans Castle being Cardiff University’s School of showing at National Waterfront used as a hospital for recuperating Engineering by Welsh Government Museum Swansea. Working for soldiers. The display will feature in partnership with AC-NMW Victory 22 January – 5 July 2018 delicate objects made by soldiers and Snowdonia will be at the National Slate National Park, Museum and For Freedom and and has Empire between February and toured Wales June 2018 at Big Pit: National and Coal Museum. as part of the Cymru’n Cofio For full details and dates of all commemorations. Amgueddfa Cymru exhibitions and activities, visit At the National Wool www.museumwales.ac.uk or Museum our volunteers follow us on Twitter are participating in the @amgueddfaCymru Centenary Textiles Project, run by Wonderwool Wales, to produce a Community Bottom-left: Butterfly brooch © AC-NMW Centre: St Fagans VAD Hospital © AC-NMW Top-right: A poppy from AC-NMW Poppies garden © AC-NMW 13 Aberdare School

The First World War is one of the most discussed conflicts in modern history. With over 16 million civilian and military casualties, this brutal and mechanised struggle spilt blood across the world.

Our goal, with the First World War They have been instrumental Aberdare Mosaic, was to bring the in placing the mosaic tiles and war to a local level. grouting them. This enables us to give our The learners have gained an community and learners the appreciation of the part played by opportunity to remember those their ancestors in a major conflict, who gave their today for our as the names of people who died tomorrow, and also to explore how will be written on the frames of a small town in the Cynon Valley the mosaic. helped shape the modern world. Above: One of the completed mosaics © Aberdare Community School Our culture and heritage are By including Key Stage 3 learners Centre: Year 9 pupils of Aberdare School inextricably intertwined with creating their mosaic in the design and execution of © Aberdare Community School worldwide conflicts, and we felt the project, we hope to show Bottom: Year 9 pupils of Aberdare School that it was time for our town to present and future generations that creating their mosaic © Aberdare Community recognise the great sacrifice it we should not forget something School made to keep the world free from simply because it happened tyranny and oppression. over 100 years ago. The learners and staff have Learners have planned and thoroughly enjoyed the experience, designed three mosaics, detailing and we hope to continue the years 1914–1916, 1916–1918, collaborating with our Art and the end of the war. Department in years to come.

14 Ysgol David Hughes A party of Year 12 students organised a very successful exhibition at Oriel Ynys Môn, with a formal opening on 27 March 2015. Students gained a large number of about their experience. Peace workshop for Year 10 skills as a result of the project. They also set about curating all the pupils with an artist in residence, Ceri Williams of Oriel Ynys Môn collated resources, learning how where they created mosaics. These led a session on research skills to set out the room in exhibition mosaics will be exhibited in the in order to learn how to use the style and how to use particular Temple of Peace in Cardiff. record office effectively and to boards. We had to work to a very Several pupils attended a learn what exactly is curatorial tight timetable to ensure that the Wales Conference for Peace at work. After the students had exhibition was open to the public Caernarfon to look at how peace collected information they had on 27 March, and so the students’ can be promoted digitally and to decide on the content of the time skills were enhanced. We also artistically. October 2016 brought exhibition, concentrating on the ensured that education leaflets were an opportunity to compete in the effects of the First World War created for children and pupils. Wales for Peace national peace on the inhabitants of Anglesey. awards and six of our pupils won Their problem solving skills were An excellent launch evening prizes for writing and art. refined and they enjoyed extensive was arranged at the gallery and This work was shown to the public opportunities to work with others. students ensured that invitations at Oriel Pendeitsh, Caernarfon. A member of the County Council were designed and sent out Ysgol David Hughes is now conducted a session on how to professionally, that there were committed to be one of three pilot market the exhibition, and a request appropriate refreshments, and schools in the Wales Peace Schools for artefacts was put to the local that bilingual opening addresses scheme, and the work which began community, using local newspapers were given. Public response to the with a £1,000 grant is continuing. and BBC Radio Cymru. Following exhibition, both verbally and in the The small team of pupils who this training by the Press Officer, visitors’ book, was enthusiastic. worked hard to create an exhibition the students took sole responsibility on the First World War are not the for organising and writing articles But that wasn’t the end of the only ones to benefit from this grant. and speaking on the radio. story. Following the success of There is a continuing legacy. the exhibition in Oriel Ynys On Kids in Museums Day the Môn, some members of the team Top: Pupils of Ysgol David Hughes at their students were responsible for were invited to address the Wales launch evening at Oriel Ynys Môn running Oriel Ynys Môn and © Ysgol David Hughes Conference for Peace in Wrexham. Right: Pupils of Ysgol David Hughes tweeting on the school’s account That in turn led to a Wales for © Ysgol David Hughes 15 Wales and Flanders: A First World War Symposium

Cardigan Belgian Refugees, December 1914. By kind permission of the National Library of Wales

In November 2017, Passchendaele offensive, the talks ranged from the one hundred years after the why it happened, what national to the personal, Passchendaele offensive it hoped to achieve, and and from the regional to ground to a halt in the how it has been viewed in the local, generating new Flanders mud, academics, history, different speakers insights into the diverse linguists, politicians, at the symposium turned experiences of Welsh artists, and members of to the experience of and Flemish civilians and the public gathered at Flemish refugees, painters, soldiers caught up in what the Pierhead in Cardiff and musicians in Wales Lloyd George called ‘the to explore the Welsh and during the war, and to vortex of war’. Flemish experience of the the experience of Welsh First World War. Starting soldiers in the British from a consideration of the Army. The perspective of

16 Several papers addressed the question of Belgian and specifically Flemish refugees. Christophe Declercq (UCL London and KUL Leuven) explained how, of the one and a half million Belgians who fled their homes before the advancing German army in August, September and October Dr Gethin Matthews at ‘Flanders and Wales: Dr Rhian Davies at ‘Flanders and Wales: 1914, some 4,500 came to Wales.. A First World War Symposium’ A First World War Symposium’ © Dr Toby Thacker The symposium heard from © Dr Toby Thacker local historian Toni Vitti of the Turning to the military experience The symposium was generously rapturous reception given in of the war, Gethin Matthews of supported by the Governments Rhyl to Flemish refugees, and a Swansea University explored the of Wales and of Flanders, similar story of warm hospitality experience of Welsh soldiers on and by Cardiff University. Its in the village of Laugharne given the Western Front, asking how far proceedings were opened by to refugees from Berchem (near they felt themselves to be distinctly the Presiding Officers of the Antwerp) was explored by former Welsh while part of this larger Welsh Assembly and the Flemish Portreeve, John Bradshaw, and his multi-national British military Parliament. In concluding wife Janet. effort. This theme was taken remarks, it was observed how the Developing this theme, Rhian further by the National Poet Ifor commemorations of the First Davies, Artistic Director of ap Glyn, who looked at the British World War across Britain and the Gregynog Festival, gave Army’s efforts to censor letters Europe since 2014 have been a fascinating paper about the home from the Front written in marked by a turn towards the concerts performed around Wales Welsh. He provided entertaining experience of smaller nations, by a group of Belgian musicians examples of how Welsh soldiers of separate communities, and of during the war, noting how they were able to subvert this, and to hitherto little known individuals. had been helped to escape from express themselves in their own We are gaining entirely new Brussels by Gwendoline and language to loved ones back at perspectives on this huge and Margaret Davies, the sisters who home. Aled Eirug of Swansea terrible conflict, one whose founded the Gregynog Festival. University looked at the opposition reverberations are still felt today, Peter Theunynck, a Flemish to the war in Wales, focusing and this symposium has enriched writer who undertook a residence on the experience of those who our knowledge and understanding at Tˆy Newydd Writing Centre, declared themselves ‘conscientious of the specifically Welsh and analysed the development in Wales objectors’, many imprisoned for Flemish experiences of the war. It of Gustave Van de Woestyne, taking this stand. also provided evidence that while a mystic symbolist painter the war was defined by violence much influenced by Vincent and suffering on an unprecedented van Gogh, and now moved scale, it also opened up spaces for by the beauty of the Welsh community, for new friendships, landscape. Hugh Dunthorne for artistic creativity, and for of Swansea University cooperation between groups which explored the wartime work had previously had little contact of the painter and poster with one another. It will generate artist Frank Brangwyn, further scholarly work on the noting the practical support Welsh and Flemish experience he extended to Flemish of the war, and is an important artists in exile. Several marker of the now strong and speakers pointed to the continuing friendship between the contemporary resonances Welsh and Flemish peoples. of these histories, in a world where millions of people are fleeing from Poster for the Academic Symposium on different conflicts. 9 November 2017 © Julian Walker, UCL

17 The meeting of three brothers in Romania in the First World War

Duncan and Gerard Fitzwilliams were in Mircea Hospital in Roman, Romania in July 1917, when their youngest brother John appeared. They thought he was at home convalescing from wounds suffered in France, where he had commanded an artillery battery. But instead of returning him to the Front as he had expected, the War Office had sent him on a special Captain J. K. Fitzwilliams of the mission to Russia and Romania. Royal Horse Artillery © IWM (HU 122144) while three had died in the services Russia was becoming more before the war. They all hailed from fractured and more dangerous at the Cilgwyn estate in Newcastle this time. The Tsar had abdicated Emlyn and were grandsons of the and there was great political clever barrister Edward Crompton upheaval. The British were Lloyd Hall, who had changed concerned about what would his name to Fitzwilliams in 1849 happen if the Eastern Front and whom Gwyn Alf Williams collapsed (which it did later, A photograph taken during Captain G H L identified as the ‘Rebecca’ of the with 51 German divisions being Fitzwilliams’ stay and tour of duty in Romania in transferred to the West), and had 1917. Courtesy of The National Library of Wales Riots in his TV documentary and the Fitzwilliams family. Confrontations with the Past. stepped up plans to make any enemy advance as difficult as Duncan and Gerard were both The day before the reunion of possible. John was therefore given eminent surgeons and had been in the three brothers, John had met a new task and attached to what Romania for a year with the British another Cardiganshire man, Griffith was called the Arson Brigade, Red Cross Mission. John, however, Pugh Evans, a family friend who where he was instructed had been sent out on a far more lived on the Lovesgrove estate in how to prepare for difficult assignment. He was to go outside Aberystwyth, and who was the demolition of around the Russian army units who with the British Legation in Jassy, all railway bridges, were fighting on the Romanian the wartime capital of Romania. junctions and front to try to persuade them to He had served on the Western rolling stock. continue fighting the Germans and Front in an armoured car unit while not be influenced by Bolshevik talk his brother Lewis, a major general, of peace. Soldiers were assembled had garnered a host of medals in large numbers by their officers including one VC and two DSOs. to hear him. Major Duncan Fitzwilliams, O. C. 53rd Stationary Hospital, There were five Fitzwilliams on board the British Transport “Stephen”. Murmansk, July 1918 brothers, all serving in the army; © IWM (Q 17011) 18 Later he was told to familiarise On 3 March 1918 the himself with oil wells and all Russians signed the associated machinery. The wells Treaty of Brest-Litovsk at Pliestri in southern Romania, with the Germans. which had been the greatest oil Two days later John, now producers in the world in the in Moscow, managed to mid-19th century, were already get two coaches on the in German hands, although Trans-Siberian Railway, and Lieutenant-Colonel the following day they left John Norton-Griffiths had on the three-week journey destroyed 70 refineries almost east to Vladivostok and single-handed before the Germans safety. Into the second-class captured them in 1916. The wells carriage he had crowded all It took another ten days to get to the Allies were left with further the nurses and governesses, while Vladivostok, as they had to take north were far more primitive. into a third-class carriage he had the longer northern Amur Valley route because a band of guerrillas A few months later John had put the matron, Miss MacGregor, had cut the line to Harbin. moved across the border to Kiev, Lady Muriel Paget, the the capital of , where he humanitarian who had been setting After reaching Vladivostok, found himself in the middle of a up hospitals for the Russians, and John travelled to Peking (Beijing) civil war. What complicated matters all nineteen men, including Mr where he met Admiral Kolchak even further was that there were Bagge, the British Consul at Kiev. at the Russian Legation. Kolchak, those who hoped that Ukraine One very special member of a famous arctic explorer who could gain independence from the group was Professor Tomáš was head of the Baltic Fleet, had Russia. But by the beginning of Masaryk who, within the year, was been on a naval mission when the February the had taken to become the first president of revolution in Russia had turned Kiev, forcing the Ukrainian Army to the newly created . more violent. Before John met flee. John was then given even more John was smuggling him out under him, he had received a telegram responsibility and spent much time the name of John Smith. He had telling him to return to work in negotiating with the authorities. been given permission to leave northern China. Within a year he Things were now rapidly Russia by Joseph Stalin, but had was back in Russia with 300,000 deteriorating, and it was decided no guarantee of his safety even men, setting up an anti-Bolshevik to move the British Red Cross though there were two guards on government in Omsk with himself Mission and the Delegation out board. Gerard wrote later that as ‘Supreme Ruler’ and with of Russia. The responsibility Masaryk thought so highly of ammunition and supplies provided John Fitzwilliams that he would for this somehow fell on John’s mainly by the British Government. have liked his help when creating shoulders, and he was given the Six months later he was captured his new Czechoslovakian army. task of arranging the move by by the Bolsheviks and shot. train to Moscow. Gerard was also After fifteen days of hard travelling in Kiev, running the ambulance (the seats were not upholstered) Meanwhile John had returned to service, while Duncan had been the party arrived at Irkutsk, on London via America, first to meet posted north to Archangel on Lake Baikal, once the capital of the his wife in the Grosvenor Hotel and 3 December 1917 to become whole of Siberia. then to report to the War Office, consulting surgeon to the North where he asked permission to return Russian Expedition. to his battery in France. He was told he would have to wait a few days Top-left: King Ferdinand I of Romania for this to be arranged, so he passed speaking to Romanian troops in Iasi, 1917 © IWM (Q 76454) the time having lunch with Griffith Bottom right: A German map showing the Pugh Evans in the Wyndham focus of the war in 1918 with activity in Eastern Club, visiting Miss MacGregor Europe © IWM (Art.IWM PST 7639) at her magnificent house in Top-right: Crown Prince Carol of Romania, later King Carol II of Romania, with the 51st Grosvenor Street, and dining with Infantry Regiment in Sulena, 1917 © IWM his oldest brother Colonel Edward (Q 76557) Background: Map published by the War Fitzwilliams in the Reform Club. College Division, General Staff of the U.S. He re-joined his battery on War Department illustrating the international frontiers as recognised by the United States in 21 August 1918 and was killed by a 1917. Courtesy of the U.S. Air Force German shell eight days later. 19 Troops in front of “Cymru am Byth” written on a barracks door © Ceredigion Archives Archive Services As part of commemoration activities, Archive Services across Wales have been holding different types of themed exhibitions, workshops and events to encourage the local community to engage with their collections.

Bangor University Archives for which he was posthumously & Special Collections have been awarded the Bard’s chair at the 1917 commemorating the centenary National Eisteddfod – now known of the death of Ellis Humphrey as The Black Chair. Also on display Evans, better known by his is the letter ‘Rhywle yn Ffrainc’, in bardic name Hedd Wyn, with an which he describes life ‘behind the exhibition celebrating the life, work lines’ on the Western Front. and legacy of the Welsh poet and This piece contains a famous soldier who died on the first day description of an old shell with of the Battle of Passchendaele, flowers growing in it – the contrast 31 July 1917. Items on display between the beautiful and the include a draft of the ode ‘Yr Arwr’ horrific.

Hedd Wyn © Bangor University Archives and Special Collections 20 Since August 2014, the anniversary taken part through a series of War from various series of records, of the beginning of the First creative writing workshops and including school log books, local World War, Ceredigion Archives intergenerational art workshops authority minutes and hospital have been selecting and displaying inspired by the objects on display. records. The resulting indexes news of the progress of the war are accessible via the on a week-by-week basis to give Archives website and have enabled today’s readers an impression contributions to memorial services of the way the war, and local and inspired an ongoing series perceptions of it, developed over of blog posts. They have also time. These news items from contributed to a schools workshop 100 years ago are changed every which has been delivered to several week and a variety of sources are visiting schools, and is available used: local newspapers, items from to download, with accompanying the collections such as personal teacher notes, from the website. narratives and letters, school log Events and exhibitions will books, photos and postcards, continue to be held throughout council minutes and lists of 2018, with many local Archive casualties and information about Services taking part. them taken from the West Wales Welsh Archives hold a vast War Memorial Project. This project Wooden trunk belonging to Edward Thomas (Special Collections collection of documents, letters, has provided a fascinating insight and Archives, Cardiff University) diaries, maps and photographs into the progress, local impact from the First World War. If you and sheer length of the war. Cardiff University Special Collections and Archives, holder want to explore First World War The bulletins are displayed on records you can find the contact of the world’s largest archive of noticeboards in Ceredigion venues details for your local archives Edward Thomas’ letters, diaries, and are available to read on their service at archiveswales.org. blog Reporting the Great War. notebooks, poems, photographs and personal belongings, have Letters sent to loved ones from hosted a major centenary soldiers fighting on the Front conference and launched an Line are among the items shown exhibition to celebrate the poet’s at an exhibition commemorating life and work. The exhibition the centenary of the First World featured many highlights from War in the History Gallery at the archive: intimate letters to Oriel Ynys Môn. Items from Helen Thomas and Gordon the collections at Anglesey Bottomley, poetry drafts, nature Archives have contributed to diaries, family photographs, as well this poignant and eye-opening as previously unheard archive display, made possible by Heritage recordings of family and friends. Lottery Funding, which shows The exhibition explored Edward’s the effect of the war on Anglesey relationship with walking and the and its people. The title of the creative process, his interactions exhibition – Bara Brith a Menyn Cartref – was taken from a letter with his family, his struggles with in which a soldier yearns for the depression, his shift from prose to home comforts he misses so poetry, and the decision to enlist much (bara brith with home-made that led to his death at the Battle butter). The local community has of Arras. Other commemorative played an important role in this events include a series of poetry exhibition, through various open events, including a creative writing days held in community centres workshop and a unique open-mic across the island and through loans poetry evening. of original letters and photographs Volunteers at Glamorgan from the conflict. School pupils Archives have extracted and Age Well groups have also Who Do I Think I Was? Exhibited at information on the First World Glamorgan Archives in 2016. By kind permission of Glamorgan Archives 21 Wenvoe War Memorial © Cadw, Crown Copyright

Conserving our war memorials

War memorials across Wales play an important role in the commemoration of the First World War. They are an expression of loss, grief and pride shared by communities and a focal point for commemoration, and their location often directly reflects that public role.

There are up to 5,000 war Caring for these memorials is a way a grant scheme in April 2014, memorials in Wales and they are of honouring the memory of the offering financial support for a physical presence in almost every thousands of ordinary Welsh men conservation work. The aim of community. Memorials do not and women whose lives were both the guidance and grants always take the obvious form of touched by war. scheme is to safeguard our war plaques or pieces of sculpture. Wales has many memorial parks, During the commemoration period memorials, helping communities to hospitals and village halls, built Cadw published new guidance bring them back to a good state of by public subscription, all of aimed specifically at helping repair and keeping them that way, which form part of the legacy communities to care for their making sure they can retain a living of remembrance for communities. memorials. Cadw also launched role in the future.

22 Llanrhuddlad War Memorial, the Cricieth Women’s Institute lead In addition, Cadw has recently Anglesey has been listed for through to the well-kept lawned listed some additional war special historic interest as a garden area toward the main memorials, in recognition of memorial commemorating the entrance. Superb curved oak doors their significance. dead in both world wars, and as inset with original Art Deco glass For example: a good example of memorial panels surround the quarry-tiled sculpture. It is situated at the Memorial Foyer. Cadw’s funding Wenvoe War Memorial has been entrance to the former Ysgol of £10,000 has contributed to the included for its special architectural Gynradd at Llanrhuddlad. replacement of high-level guttering interest as a well-preserved and and associated repair and repainting. unusual war memorial which displays fine craftsmanship and War memorials that have St Paul’s World War One a particularly interesting use of recently benefited from Memorial Stained Glass local materials. It is important as Cadw’s grant scheme include: Window, St Paul’s Church, a visible reminder of the sacrifice Grangetown, Cardiff. St Paul’s Cricieth War Memorial Hall, a of a community during the major Church is home to one of the grade 2 listed building which was wars, and is unusual for recording largest and most impressive built with public donations as a the names of all those who served memorials to the fallen of the memorial to local residents who in the First World War, not just First World War. Installed in 1920 fought and gave their lives in the those who were killed. by the prominent London firm First World War, and now includes Burlison & Grylls, it is unique in memorials to those who depicting scenes from the air force gave their lives in the and navy as well as two of the Second World War. army, including a scene from the The foundation stone trenches. Cadw’s grant of £10,000 of the Memorial Hall has helped fund repairs to this was laid by renowned impressive memorial. statesman and then Prime Minister For further details of Cadw’s David Lloyd George grant scheme for war memorials, in 1922, and the Hall which will continue throughout contains some original the centenary period, visit: Art Deco features. www.cadw.gov.wales/ The ornate wrought historicenvironment/help- Llanrhuddlad War Memorial, Anglesey iron gates donated by advice-and-grants/grants/ © Cadw, Crown Copyright grantsforwarmemorials/ ?lang=en

Cricieth War Memorial Hall © Cadw, Crown Copyright

23 Cymru’n Cofio Wales Remembers 1914 - 1918

Sources of Funding −First World War Centenary Projects © National Library of Wales

If you are planning a project to commemorate the First World War Centenary in Wales, here’s some Young Roots Heritage Lottery Fund advice about organisations that can offer grants The Young Roots programme is for projects that and other funding support. engage young people, aged 11 to 25, with heritage in the UK. Grants of more than £10,000 and up to Heritage Lottery Fund, First World War: £50,000 are available to fund partnerships of heritage ‘Then and Now’ Programme and youth organisations to help young people shape The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) ‘First World War: and deliver their own projects in safe environments Then and Now’ programme is providing grants of www.hlf.org.uk £3,000 to £10,000 for communities to mark the Centenary of the First World War. Cadw –– Grants for War Memorials in Wales Funding is available to help groups, communities Developed in partnership with the War Memorials and organisations mark the Centenary by exploring, Trust, this scheme will help to safeguard memorials for conserving and sharing the heritage of the future generations, with grants of up to 70% of the First World War from memorials, buildings and sites eligible costs (up to a maximum of £10,000) available to photographs, letters and literature. It’s a rolling for conservation and repair. programme which means you can apply any time In addition to this scheme Cadw also offer other grants and applications are assessed in eight weeks. to contribute to the costs of repairing and restoring Visit their website for application forms, guidance historic assets as well as match funding community, and examples of projects www.hlf.org.uk or local authority and third sector-led projects. email: [email protected] For more information and guidance, visit the Help, Advice and Grants section of the Cadw website: Our Heritage Programme − www.cadw.gov.wales Heritage Lottery Fund War Memorials Trust The Our Heritage Programme is for any type of project related to national, regional or local heritage in Grants are available to repair and conserve war the UK. Grants are available for more than £10,000 memorials from the War Memorials Trust. The Trust and up to £100,000, applications are welcomed can also advise on appropriate conservation methods. from not-for-profit organisations, private owners You can find further details on the War Memorials of heritage (including individuals and for-profit Trust website: www.warmemorials.org or telephone: organisations) and partnerships. www.hlf.org.uk 020 7233 7356.

24 The funding is part of the ‘Go and See’ grant scheme Memorials Grant Scheme which is funded by the Welsh Government and Arts Additional help may be available through this scheme Council of Wales as part of the Creative Learning run by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport Through the Arts programme. The scheme aims to in Wales and England, which refunds VAT incurred improve the way arts and education sectors work in the construction, repair and maintenance of together in delivering important benefits for teachers memorials. and learners. You can find further details on the memorials grant The criteria for the grant have now been widened to scheme website: www.memorialgrant.org.uk or by fund visits to First World War commemorative events. telephone: 0845 600 6430. This complements the First World War secondary school grant, which remains open for applications Federation of Museums and Galleries in Wales until March 2018, and is focused on the development Small Grants Scheme of creative and innovative projects to commemorate the war. For more information on the secondary Under this scheme grants are offered to Museums in school grants visit the Welsh Government’s website. Wales twice a year, with priority given to supporting smaller projects. From 2017 the maximum grant The guidelines and online application form is level during the spring grant round will be increased available on the Arts Council of Wales website: to £10,000, and in the autumn round, grants will be http://www.arts.wales/arts-in-wales/creative- limited to a maximum £3,000. The match funding learning/the-all-wales-arts-and-education- requirement will be a minimum 10% for all grants. programme/experiencing-the-arts/go-and-see Successful projects include conservation and specialist equipment, outreach and lifelong learning projects, development of partnership working and Uploading events to the Cymru’n Cofio Wales professional advice. Museums must be Accredited Remembers 1914-1918 website and be a member of the Federation. For more information visit the Grants page of Cymru’n Cofio Wales Remembers 1914-1918 is the www.welshmuseumsfederation.org official programme to mark the centenary of the First World War in Wales. The Programme is Arts Council of Wales coordinated by the Welsh Government, working in partnership with organisations from across Wales and If a project has a cultural or artistic dimension it beyond. Its website is a focal point for information may be possible to apply for support from the Arts Council of Wales www.artswales.org.uk. They also on the latest news, projects, events and signposting of offer advice on how to apply for funding and give information for the commemoration from 2014 details of a number of other sources of funding to 2018. available to arts organisations and individuals. To post your events or projects on the Cymru’n Cofio Wales Remembers 1914-1918 website, please visit Schools (www.walesremembers.org/events/) or On 11 November 2017 the Welsh Government (www.walesremembers.org/projects/). If you are launched a new strand of the ‘Go and See’ grant issuing any press releases regarding your First World scheme, making it possible for all schools in Wales War project which you would like to be considered to apply for grants of up to £1,000 for visits to for the Cymru’n Cofio Wales Remembers 1914-1918 First World War themed commemoration events. website, please send to (www.walesremembers.org/ The grants can be used to fund visits to museums, get-in-touch/). To share events on our twitter feed theatres, arts centres, war sites and other venues. please copy @walesremembers The funding can also be used to engage with external organisations or individuals to assist with the delivery of commemoration activities within the school, which should focus on respectful remembrance and the Welsh element during the period. The Cymru’n Cofio Wales Remembers 1914-1918 website provides a focal point for information on the latest news, events, projects and signposting information relating to commemorative activities in Wales should your school wish to participate. 25 Events The Welsh Government is not responsible for events arranged by external organisations, individuals or groups. Some events may require booking or involve an entry fee. Please contact the event organisers directly for details.

Dr. O’Leary’s online presentation Trinity St David; BBC Cymru NOVEMBER 2013 will remain at The College Wales, The People’s Collection Merthyr Tydfil for the benefit of Wales, and archives and local 28 Nov 2013 – 11 Nov 2018 its staff and students. The digital records offices that are part of Launch of the Great War and the exhibition drew heavily on material ARCW: the Archives and Records Valleys Online Exhibition digitised as part of the The Welsh Council of Wales). The project Experience of the First World War was funded by a £500,000 grant Merthyr Tydfil online digital archive, which was from the Jisc-Content programme www.merthyrww1.llgc.org.uk/en/ also launched at the event as part of their work in support items/show/13 (please see www.walesremembers. of education and research, During an event at The College org/the-national-library-of-wales- and through support from the Merthyr Tydfil on Thursday, launches-the-welsh-experience-of- partner organisations. 28 November John Griffiths AM, the-first-world-war/). the then-Minister for Culture The Minister said: “This new and Sport launched The Great digital exhibition is the culmination War and the Valleys digital JULY 2014 of widespread collaboration exhibition, created by historian between local and national 15 Jul 2014 10:00am – 31 Oct 2018 Dr. Paul O’Leary of Aberystwyth institutions that will help our 4:30pm University. The exhibition looks communities better understand the Exhibition: A Lost Generation at a series of specific events in impact of the First World War and Merthyr Tydfil and the Cynon Roderic Bowen Library and the resultant enduring changes to Valley but also addresses how we Archives, University of Wales Trinity Welsh society.” can commemorate the diverse and Saint David, Lampeter, Ceredigion controversial set of events that “It is a further contribution to SA48 7ED occurred during 1914-18. the wide-ranging programme to www.uwtsd.ac.uk commemorate the First World War, It details the harrowing experience An exhibition of archive material which is being developed by the of war in the trenches but also telling the story of St David’s Welsh Government.” documents the opposition to war College through the Great War. and the impact of the conflict on The Welsh Experience of the civilian life. The ‘home front’ is an First World War was developed important part of the exhibition. as a collaborative initiative led by It draws attention to how women’s the National Library of Wales, lives were changed by the war and in partnership with the Archives how controversial events like the and Special Collections of miners’ strike of July 1915 were Wales (partners are Aberystwyth reported. It also sheds light on the University; Bangor University, ‘spy scare’ of 1914 and the arrival Cardiff University; Swansea of groups of Belgian refugees. University; the University of Wales

26 AUGUST 2014 SEPTEMBER 2017 NOVEMBER 2017

1 Aug 2014 – 11 Nov 2018 23 Sep 2017 - 6 Jan 2018 1 Nov 2017 - 2 Feb 2018 Travelling Exhibition – The Heat of Battle: The Royal Welsh Ernest Rollings, The Policeman “Gwent in the Great War” Fusiliers in Egypt and Palestine “Who Ended the War” Various locations in Gwent during the First World War Firing Line Museum of The Queen’s www.walesremembers.org Wrexham County Borough Museum, Dragoon Guards and The Royal Organised by the Western Front Regent Street, Wrexham, Welsh, Cardiff Castle CF10 Association Gwent branch, and North Wales LL11 1RB www.cardiffcastlemuseum.org.uk in partnership with MALD and www.wrexham.gov.uk/heritage During the First World War there Gwent Archives. The Heat of Battle focuses on were five police forces covering the This travelling exhibition will be the story of the Royal Welsh area of today’s South Wales Police displayed at a variety of locations Fusiliers on campaign in Egypt Glamorgan, Cardiff, Swansea, across the county of Gwent during and Palestine during the First Merthyr, and Neath.Hundreds the four year commemorative period. World War. The exhibition of policemen from them served during the war. Ninety three in is based around the reserve Contact: [email protected] total died and many were injured. collections of the Royal Welch or 01291 425638. Many were recognised for their Fusiliers regimental museum bravery and service. One in including original artwork by particular achieved fame. 5 Aug 2014 – 11 Nov 2018 Richard Lunt Roberts (6RWF) Faces of WW1 and the photographs and souvenirs A Glamorgan policeman, Ernest James Rollings, was an Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum, brought back by serving members officer commanding armoured Caernarfon Castle, of the regiment. Highlights of cars which took part in a raid on Gwynedd LL55 2AY the exhibition will be Frank Brangwyn’s painting ‘Entry of the village of Framerville in France www.rwfmuseum.org.uk the Welsh Troops into Jerusalem’ on 8 August 1918, the first day of the Battle of Amiens. During it he Collecting and displaying the and gallantry medals awarded to entered a German headquarters details and photographs of every members of the regiment, most of and recovered top secret battle Royal Welsh Fusilier who fell which have never been on public plans. For this he was awarded in WW1. display before. the Military Cross. In the 1930’s A nationwide search for Opening times: Mon-Fri 10 a.m. it was said that his actions had photographs, helped by historical to 5 p.m. Sat 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. been of the greatest importance societies, war memorial projects, Closed Sundays and Bank Holidays to the Allies and he was hailed in county archives and volunteers Admission free. the press as “The man who ended to find over 10,500 photos of the war.” the RWF who were lost in WW1. Supported by the Heritage Lottery Help us reunite the Regiment by Fund and the Welsh Government. This exhibition details his story. bringing these boys home. Each man commemorated on 11 Nov 2017 - 4 Mar 2018 the centenary of his death at Dark Clouds over the Woollen the Museum. Industry Contact us on 01286 673362 or National Waterfront Museum, on [email protected] Oystermouth Rd, Swansea SA1 3RD if you can help us or if you need www.museum.wales more information. This display explores the desperation of the woollen mills for contracts during the war to

(background image) The 13th Battlion, Welsh Regiment entrenching to construct rear lines of defence at Houplines (30th Division), 13 March 1918 © IWM (Q 10720) 27 keep the mills open, and the use your families’ stories about WWI People’s Collection Wales will be of Welsh national identity for and to discuss ideas for the show. joining us as well and if you have recruitment. The Welsh Army any stories to share about the First We’re also delighted that New York Corps wanted to promote a Welsh World War you can upload them Pancake Department in Pontypridd national identity by clothing the onto the database to save for the are offering a 15% discount if you new army in native homespun nation. If you have any objects show your Forget Me Not ticket on cloth – Brethyn Llwyd. However it as well, or papers, these can be the day you’re attending the show. was short-lived and never used for scanned and the tales these objects active service. tell can be shared with future 25 - 27 Jan 2018, 7:30pm - 8:30pm generations. Forget Me Not There will also be a stand commemorating Holocaust JANUARY 2018 Pontypridd Museum, Pontypridd, Memorial Day and visitors are Rhondda Cynon Taf CF37 4PE invited to learn more about the 23 Jan 2018 - 5 Jul 2018 www.avant.cymru issues surrounding holocausts past Working for Victory Supported by the Heritage Lottery and present. You can also write to two survivors of holocausts in The National Slate Museum, Fund, Forget Me Not is a brand World War 2 and Bosnia to share Llanberis, Caernarfon LL55 4TY new promenade theatre experience, exploring the effect WWI had on your thoughts and feelings www.museum.wales the people from the South Wales with them. The tens of thousands of Valleys, both at The Front and Welshmen who went to fight in at home. Buy tickets from our Jan - Aug 2018 Europe were supported by many website. thousands more who worked in Y Gadair Ddu, ‘Black Chair’ essential industries, often joined St Fagans National Museum of by women for the first time. 27 Jan 2018 History, St Fagans, Cardiff CF5 6XB This display looks at what they Life on the Home Front www.museum.wales produced, how it contributed to National Museum Cardiff, A 3D printed replica of the war effort and the impact of Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP Y Gadair Ddu, the ‘Black Chair’ the war on Welsh industry. posthumously awarded to the www.museum.wales Welsh poet Hedd Wyn in the Pack up your troubles and come Birkenhead Eisteddfod 1917 will 25 - 27 Jan 2018, 1:30pm - 9:45pm down to the Museum to find be displayed at St Fagans from Forget Me Not out about life on the home front January to August 2018. during the First World War. Pontypridd Museum, Pontypridd, Hedd Wyn died on 31 July 1917 Rhondda Cynon Taf CF37 4PE We have a whole host of activities during the First World War Battle www.avant.cymru/wwi-in-the for you to see and do. of Passchendaele and the bardic rhondda Watch cooking demonstrations chair was thereafter kept at the family farmhouse Yr Ysgwrn, Supported by the Heritage Lottery with the food historian Seren Trawsfynydd where it has remained Fund, Forget Me Not is a brand Charrington-Hollins, find out for 100 years. new promenade theatre experience, about the clothing and dress of about the effect of WWI on the the period or take part in a dance In 2013 Welsh Government, class – the ‘Grizzly Bear’ anyone?! people from the South Wales in partnership with AC-NMW, Valleys. It will be performed at There will be music from the Snowdonia National Park and Cardiff University’s School of Pontypridd Museum on 25, 26 and ‘Siren Sisters’ and you’ll be able Engineering commissioned a 27 January. to take part in activities such as measuring out your rations for 3D printed replica of Y Gadair We have volunteer opportunities Ddu to tour Wales and Belgium the week. to help us prepare for the show. as part of the Cymru’n Cofio Please do get in touch to share commemorations.

28 We are looking for new venues Dan and Billy, two young FEBRUARY 2018 and partners for our displays soldiers, forge a friendship in throughout 2018 across Wales and the heat of the build-up to the would be keen to work with other infamous battle. When Billy is 1 Feb 2018 - 1 Feb 2019 groups and projects. Please contact killed in Mametz Wood, he leaves Project zero - Airships over Wales the Project Coordinator at behind a devastated friend and, projectzerohistorymatters@ back home, a heart-broken and Various Locations gmail.com pregnant wife. www.projectzerohistorymatters. Altered by his experiences on the blogspot.co.uk 4 Feb 2018 Western Front, Dan returns home The Great War impacted every to step into his friend’s shoes, Representation of the People Act member of society in many ways ultimately marrying Billy’s widow 1918 – 100 years of people power! and on many levels. Most often and raising their baby son as this is framed by the experiences St Fagans National Museum of his own. fighting on the Western Front History, St Fagans, Cardiff CF5 6XB in the prolonged trench warfare Fifty years later, in a clearing in www.museum.wales that characterised the conflict. the wood, Dan has returned to lay Ask many people to describe It’s one hundred years since a ghost to rest. women over 30 were given the the conflict and mud, blood and The production will be biplanes may come to mind. right to vote. Come and meet our curators and see fascinating objects directed by our Award Winning This project is a chance to learn Artistic Director, Peter Doran and discover a forgotten chapter from the Museum’s Welsh women’s suffrage collection as we mark the (Best Director, Wales Theatre in one of the few means of Awards 2017). fighting wars that disappeared centenary of the Representation alongside the last cavalry charge, of the People Act 1918. The play will also tour at the one that still captures the popular following locations: imagination today – the airship. 20 Feb 2018, 7:30pm Cardiff, Royal Welsh College - During the First World War, The Wood Friday 2 March 2018, 7:45pm from 1917 to 1918 the coasts of Torch Theatre, St. Peters Road, Llanelli, The Ffwrnes, Theatrau the British Isles were protected Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire Sir Gar - Tuesday 6 March 2018, by the Royal Naval Air Service SA73 2BU 7:30pm flying airships to defend shipping from the German U-boat www.torchtheatre.co.uk Ystradgynlais, The Welfare - threat. Two airship stations were “A tale of friendship, love and Thursday 8 March 2018, 7:30pm established in Wales and both bases sacrifice set against the backdrop Newtown Powys, The Hafren - deployed the Submarine Scout of a world in flames…” Saturday 10 March 2018, 7:30pm Zerodirigible in this forgotten war It is July 1916, and as the Battle Cardigan, Theatr Mwldan - on the home front. of the Somme rages, Mametz Tuesday 13 March 2018, 7:30pm The aim of this HLF Wales Wood echoes to the sounds of war Newport Gwent, The Riverfront - funded project is to research the as the 38th Welsh Division face the Wednesday 14 March 2018, 7:30pm role and development of airships ferocity of the German army… Pontardawe Arts Centre - in Wales during the centenary From Owen Thomas, writer Thursday 15 March 2018, 7:30pm years and share the stories and of the award winning ‘Grav’, information we record and comes a brand-new play written to Newbridge Memo - interpret as a touring exhibit. commemorate the centenary of the Friday 16 March 2018, 7:30pm Our pop-up museum will include end of . Inspired by Abergavenny, Borough Theatre - a reconstruction of a Zero class a true story. Tuesday 20 March 2018, 7:30pm control car and a ‘living history crew’ to engage with visitors.

(background image) A company of Welsh fusiliers, 24th Battalion, 74th Division, in the front line over-looking Sinjil, on the Nablus Road, March 1918 © IWM (Q 12648) 29 Pwllheli, Neuadd Dwyfor - led by WNO, with an open call Bangor, Pontio – Thursday 22 March 2018, 7:30pm for submissions. Placement will Tuesday 16 October 2018, 6:30pm Aberystwyth Arts Centre - be awarded in September 2018. Mold, Theatr Clwyd – Friday 23 March 2018, 7:30pm Tickets will go on sale in Thursday 8 November, 7:15pm Mold, Theatre Clwyd - Saturday early 2018. And on tour across England in 24 March 2018, 7:45pm Summer & Autumn 2018. 7 Jun 2018, 7:30pm - 8 Nov 2018 Feb - Jun 2018 Rhondda rips it up Jun 2018 For Freedom and Empire The Riverfront, Newport NP20 1HG Curtain of Poppies Big Pit National Coal Museum, www.wno.org.uk/event/ National Wool Museum, Dre-fach Blaenavon, Pontypool NP4 9XP rhondda-rips-it Felindre, near Newcastle Emlyn, www.museum.wales Deeds Not Words: To mark the Carmarthenshire SA44 5UP This exhibition looks at the centenary of the partial suffrage www.museum.wales response of the slate-quarrying bill, WNO celebrates the life of Our volunteers are participating communities to the recruitment Margaret Haig Thomas, Lady in the Centenary Textiles Project, campaign which preceded Rhondda, the Newport suffragette run by Wonderwool Wales to conscription, and explores how whose actions paved the way for produce a Community Textile these communities responded women’s rights in the personal, Installation of 887,858 poppies to this call to war. professional and political worlds to commemorate each person through music, humour and song. from the UK who died serving This new classic music hall style their country. work features Lesley Garret and JUNE 2018 Madeleine Shaw in the title roles. 7 Jun 2018 Rhondda Rips it Up! is supported JULY 2018 Where are all the women? – Women by the Nicholas John Trust, in Classical Music Symposium in memory of Joan Moody, 21 Jul 2018 - 7 Jan 2019 Colwinston Charitable Trust and The Riverfront, Newport NP20 1HG WNO Rhondda Union. Poppies for Remembrance www.wno.org.uk/event/ National Museum Cardiff, Cathays Tickets are on sale in March from rhondda-rips-it Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP the venues. How many female Conductors, www.museum.wales World premiere – Newport, Composers or Directors in the Riverfront – Thursday 7 June 2018, This exhibition investigates the link classical music world can you think 7:30pm between poppies and the cultural of in 30 seconds? The likelihood use of them for remembrance. Carmarthen, Lyric Theatre – is that the list may be fairly short. How do people remember and Tuesday 12 June 2018, 7:00pm Why is this and what can we do commemorate? It will also explore to enact change? Where are all Cardiff, New Theatre – the science of biodiversity – the the women? is an event taking Thursday 14 June 2018, 7:00pm study of plant and animal species place on 7 June 2018 in Newport, Brecon, Theatr Brycheiniog – in the natural environment. to coincide with the première of Saturday 16 June 2018, 7:00pm Rhondda Rips it Up! Treorchy, Park & Dare – The day will feature speakers from Wednesday 27 June 2018, 7:30pm across the sector who will share Newtown, Theatr Hafren – their experiences, challenges and Friday 29 June 2018, 7:00pm how they are making a difference. Swansea, Taliesin – We will also launch a young female Wednesday 3 October 2018, conductor-in-residence scheme, 6:30pm

30 This new production is directed 23 Jul 2018 - 21 Dec 2018 by WNO Artistic Director, OCTOBER 2018 Cofeb/Remembering David Pountney and conducted by The National Slate Museum, Music Director, Tomas Hanus. 27 Oct 2018 - 4 Nov 2018 Llanberis, Caernarfon LL55 4TY Tickets on sale in March. First World War themed activities www.museum.wales Performances: St Fagans National History Museum, This exhibition looks at how Wales Millennium Centre, Cardiff: St Fagans, Cardiff CF5 6XB we remember and how we 15/09/18, 22/09/18, 29/09/18 www.museum.wales commemorate war. From personal Venue Cymru, Llandudno: acts such as putting flowers on 20/10/18 Please visit the website for a grave or a photo on the wall further details. to public memorials such as And on tour in England. village cenotaphs and church services, the act of remembrance Oct 2018 - Jan 2019 25-29 Sep 2018 is something that touches us all. Munitionettes and Canary Girls Now The Hero (NTH) This exhibition makes an appeal National Wool Museum, Dre-fach across slate quarrying communities The Brangwyn Hall, Swansea Felindre, near Newcastle Emlyn, for information about how www.nowthehero.wales Carmarthenshire SA44 5UP we remember the War and its Now The Hero (NTH) is a multi influence on people’s lives. www.museum.wales platform, site-specific project Women were recruited to work devised in response to a personal in the munitions factories during invitation to the Swansea born 24 - 27 Jul 2018 the First World War. They were interdisciplinary artist Marc Rees Poppies Craft Workshops nicknamed Munitionettes or by 14-18 NOW (the UK’s arts Canary Girls. The work in these National Museum Cardiff, programme for the factories was heavy and dangerous. Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP First World War centenary) to Even though the job was www.museum.wales create a large scale Welsh cultural hazardous the women had a new commemoration of WW1 which Join us in these craft poppy found freedom both in and out of will take place in and around the workshops to make and take your the factories. own handmade masterpieces. Brangwyn Hall, Swansea during Harvest, September 2018. Oct 2018 - Mar 2019 SEPTEMBER 2018 Sep 2018 - Dec 2018 For Freedom and for Empire 15 Sep 2018, 6:00pm - 20 Oct 2018 Munitionettes and Canary Girls National Waterfront Museum, Oystermouth Rd, Swansea SA1 3RD War & Peace by Prokofiev National Waterfront Museum, Wales Millenium Centre, Cardiff, Oystermouth Rd, Swansea SA1 3RD www.museum.wales This exhibition looks at the South Glamorgan CF10 5AL www.museum.wales response of the slate-quarrying www.wno.org.uk/ Women were recruited to work communities to the recruitment Based on ’s pivotal in the munitions factories during campaign. novel of the same name, the story the First World War. They were follows the French invasion of nicknamed Munitionettes and Canary Russia in 1812, and was composed Girls. The work in these factories by Prokofiev during the Second was heavy and dangerous. Even World War. Fittingly for an opera though the job was hazardous the with such strong themes of both women had a new found freedom war and peace, the work will be both in and out of the factories. staged during the centenary of the Armistice of the First World War.

(background image) Troops of the 1st Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers passing the saluting point at the review of the King of Italy, at Castelgomberto, 27 November 1918 31 © IWM (Q 26788) There will be re-enactors to chat NOVEMBER 2018 with you about life during the First World War, as well as family poppy-making crafts and 10 Nov 2018, 07:00pm - 10:00pm storytelling. Students from the WW1 – A Village at War Royal Welsh College of Music and The Follies Theatre, Folly Farm, Drama will provide music during Narberth, Pembrokeshire SA67 8AH the day, from a good old-fashioned To commemorate the end of sing-song to a haunting Last Post WW1, an opera commissioned played at 11am in the Main Hall and first produced in 2014, will be before the two minute silence. performed at the Follies Theatre. This will feature soloists, chorus, orchestra and an innovative film Nov 2018 - Jan 2019 used as a backdrop. The film Women at War will consist of footage shot at various locations included in the National Wool Museum, Dre-fach opera, still photographs and actual Felindre, near Newcastle Emlyn, footage from WW1. It will be an Carmarthenshire SA44 5UP emotional experience. www.museum.wales A display of the responses to our 10 Nov 2018 Annual Colleges competition for which the brief this year is Women Remembrance Sunday at War. St Fagans National History Museum, St Fagans, Cardiff CF5 6XB www.museum.wales Join with the community from Newbridge as they gather at the war memorial for our annual service to remember the fallen.

11 Nov 2018 National Service of Remembrance National War Memorial, Alexandra Gardens, Cardiff CF10 3NN www.walesremembers.org To start at 10:45am.

11 Nov 2018 Remembrance Sunday National Waterfront Museum, Oystermouth Rd, Swansea SA1 3RD www.museum.wales Remembrance Sunday in the Museum is a unique way to mark the day.

32 (background image) Aerial view of the guns of the 53rd (Welsh) Division on parade for General Allenby’s Inspection on the beach at Alexandria (). © IWM (HU 110451)