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Wabanaki Homeland and the New State of Maine: the 1820 Journal

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Wabanaki Homeland and the New State of Maine: the 1820 Journal participated and which were successfully con- In late September 1820, hoping to lay claim cluded just over a month before their expedition to territory then under dispute between Great departed from Bangor, Maine. Despite conflict- “This book should find readers among ethnohistorians, historical geographers, pawling Britain and the United States, Governor William ing interests and mutual suspicions, they were cartographers, Wabanaki people, Maine history buffs, and others with an Wabanaki Homeland and King of the newly founded state of Maine dis- able to work together and cultivate a measure of interest in the Penobscot Valley. Micah Pawling’s introduction sets the local Wabanaki patched Major Joseph Treat to survey public trust as they traveled across northern Maine and context but also points to its larger significance. It offers a window onto a Homeland the New State of Maine lands on the Penobscot and Saint John Rivers. western New Brunswick, mapping an old world Traveling well beyond the limits of colonial Native world at a time of dramatic change and it gives depth and detail to, and and the together while envisioning its uncertain future. The 1820 Journal and Plans of Survey of Joseph Treat settlement, Treat relied heavily on the cultural New State alternative understandings and readings of, a landscape that is being contested knowledge and expertise of John Neptune, lieu- Micah A. Pawling is a Ph.D. candidate in and transferred. The original journal and maps, like the book itself, are the of tenant governor of the Penobscot tribe, to guide history at the University of Maine. product of intercultural collaboration.”—Colin G. Calloway, author of The Maine Edited with an introduction by him across the Wabanaki homeland. Along the Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of America m way Treat recorded his daily experiences in a Micah A. Pawling journal and drew detailed maps, documenting The 1820 the interactions of the Wabanaki peoples with Journal and the land and space they knew as home. Plans of Edited, annotated, and with an introduc- Survey of tion by Micah Pawling, this volume includes a Joseph complete transcription of Treat’s journal, repro- Treat ductions of dozens of hand-drawn maps, and re- cords pertaining to the 1820 treaty between the Penobscot Nation and the governing authorities of Maine. As Pawling points out, Treat’s journal Published in conjunction with the Penobscot Indian offers more than the observations of a state agent Nation, Indian Island, Maine conducting a survey. It re-creates a dialogue between Euro-Americans and Native peoples, A volume in the series showing how different perceptions of the land Native Americans of the Northeast: were negotiated and disseminated, and expos- History, Culture, and the Contemporary ing the tensions that surfaced when assumptions and expectations clashed. In large part because of Neptune’s influence, the maps, in addition to Jacket design by Jack Harrison detailing the location of Wabanaki settlements, Jacket art: Detail of map from the Journal and Plans of Survey by Joseph Treat—1820. Courtesy of the The Maine State Archives. reflect a river-oriented Native perspective that would later serve as a key to Euro-American University of Massachusetts Press access to the region’s interior. Amherst The groundwork for cooperation between www.umass.edu/umpress Treat and Neptune had been laid during the 1820 treaty negotiations, in which both men Massachusetts Pawling_jac_mech.indd 1 8/28/07 6:02:35 PM participated and which were successfully con- In late September 1820, hoping to lay claim cluded just over a month before their expedition to territory then under dispute between Great departed from Bangor, Maine. Despite conflict- “This book should find readers among ethnohistorians, historical geographers, pawling Britain and the United States, Governor William ing interests and mutual suspicions, they were cartographers, Wabanaki people, Maine history buffs, and others with an Wabanaki Homeland and King of the newly founded state of Maine dis- able to work together and cultivate a measure of interest in the Penobscot Valley. Micah Pawling’s introduction sets the local Wabanaki patched Major Joseph Treat to survey public trust as they traveled across northern Maine and context but also points to its larger significance. It offers a window onto a Homeland the New State of Maine lands on the Penobscot and Saint John Rivers. western New Brunswick, mapping an old world Traveling well beyond the limits of colonial Native world at a time of dramatic change and it gives depth and detail to, and and the together while envisioning its uncertain future. The 1820 Journal and Plans of Survey of Joseph Treat settlement, Treat relied heavily on the cultural New State alternative understandings and readings of, a landscape that is being contested knowledge and expertise of John Neptune, lieu- Micah A. Pawling is a Ph.D. candidate in and transferred. The original journal and maps, like the book itself, are the of tenant governor of the Penobscot tribe, to guide history at the University of Maine. product of intercultural collaboration.”—Colin G. Calloway, author of The Maine Edited with an introduction by him across the Wabanaki homeland. Along the Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of America m way Treat recorded his daily experiences in a Micah A. Pawling journal and drew detailed maps, documenting The 1820 the interactions of the Wabanaki peoples with Journal and the land and space they knew as home. Plans of Edited, annotated, and with an introduc- Survey of tion by Micah Pawling, this volume includes a Joseph complete transcription of Treat’s journal, repro- Treat ductions of dozens of hand-drawn maps, and re- cords pertaining to the 1820 treaty between the Penobscot Nation and the governing authorities of Maine. As Pawling points out, Treat’s journal Published in conjunction with the Penobscot Indian offers more than the observations of a state agent Nation, Indian Island, Maine conducting a survey. It re-creates a dialogue between Euro-Americans and Native peoples, A volume in the series showing how different perceptions of the land Native Americans of the Northeast: were negotiated and disseminated, and expos- History, Culture, and the Contemporary ing the tensions that surfaced when assumptions and expectations clashed. In large part because of Neptune’s influence, the maps, in addition to Jacket design by Jack Harrison detailing the location of Wabanaki settlements, Jacket art: Detail of map from the Journal and Plans of Survey by Joseph Treat—1820. Courtesy of the The Maine State Archives. reflect a river-oriented Native perspective that would later serve as a key to Euro-American University of Massachusetts Press access to the region’s interior. Amherst The groundwork for cooperation between www.umass.edu/umpress Treat and Neptune had been laid during the 1820 treaty negotiations, in which both men Massachusetts Pawling_jac_mech.indd 1 8/28/07 6:02:35 PM Wabanaki Homeland and tHe neW State of maine a volume in the series Native Americans of the Northeast: Culture, History, and the Contemporary edited by Colin G. Calloway and barry o’Connell Wabanaki Homeland and the new State of maine The 1820 Journal and Plans of Survey of Joseph Treat edited with an introduction by micah a. Pawling University of massachusetts Press m Amherst in conjunction with the Penobscot indian nation, indian island, maine Copyright 2007 by University of massachusetts Press all rights reserved Printed in the United States of america lC 2006103299 iSbn 978-1-55849-578-4 designed by Jack Harrison Set in deepdene Printed and bound by Sheridan books, inc. library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data treat, Joseph, 1775–1853. Wabanaki homeland and the new state of maine : the 1820 journal and plans of survey of Joseph treat / edited with an introduction by micah a. Pawling. p. cm. — (native americans of the northeast) “in conjunction with the Penobscot indian nation, indian island, maine.” includes bibliographical references and index. ISbn-13: 978-1-55849-578-4 (cloth : alk. paper) ISbn-10: 1-55849-578-9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. treat, Joseph, 1775–1853—diaries. 2. treat, Joseph, 1775–1853—travel—maine—Penobscot River Valley. 3. treat, Joseph, 1775–1853—travel—Saint John River Valley (me. and n.b.) 4. neptune, John, 1767?–1865—travel—maine. 5. abenaki indians—land tenure. 6. abenaki indians—treaties. 7. Penobscot indians—land tenure. 8. Penobscot indians—treaties. 9. Penobscot River Valley (me.)—Surveys. 10. Penobscot River Valley (me.)—maps. 11. Saint John River Valley (me. and n.b.)—Surveys. 12. Saint John River Valley (me. and n.b.)—maps. i. Pawling, micah a. II. Penobscot indian nation. III. title. IV. Series E99.a13t748 2007 917.41'3043—dc22 2006103299 british library Cataloguing in Publication data are available. This book has been published with the generous financial support of the Maine Community Foundation and the Maine State Archives. For my parents, Robert and Jane Pawling, my first teachers and guides, and for the Wabanaki peoples of today, like their ancestors, diplomats in cross-cultural collaboration Contents acknowledgments ix introduction 1 Journal and Plans of Survey by Joseph treat—1820 67 appendix: the 1820 treaty negotiations between the Penobscot tribe and the new State of maine 277 index 293 Acknowledgments anyone who embarks on a book project realizes that the journey could not have happened without the numerous people who provided valuable assistance along the way. this is particularly true in a cross-cultural collaborative project like this one. my deepest appreciation goes to the Penobscot indian nation of indian island, maine, who contributed to Joseph treat’s manuscript then and now. the Penobscot nation tribal Council’s support for our collaboration and for our efforts to secure funding for publication was crucial to the project’s suc- cess.
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