THE GROUP ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 1 2 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Vice President and Prime Minister Of The And Ruler Of

We recognise that preserving our resources will be one of the greatest challenges in our drive towards sustainable development. This, however, will not materialise unless different facets of our society adopt energy conservation principles in their core values.

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 3 Emirates is a global airline, operating the world’s largest fleets of A380 and aircraft from its hub in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Its main activity is the provision of commercial air transportation services.

is one of the largest combined air services providers in the world and the largest travel management services company in the UAE. Its main activities are the provision of cargo and ground handling, catering, information technology and travel services.

Emirates and dnata are independent entities and do not form a group as defined by International Financial Reporting Standards. However, these entities are under common management. Therefore, in this document they are together referred to as .

4 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 THE EMIRATES GROUP Contents

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 6

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE 8

LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE 10

THE LEADERSHIP TEAM 12

SCOPE OF THE REPORT 13

THE EMIRATES GROUP – WHO WE ARE 14

OUR GROWING NETWORK 16

THE 18

JET FUEL 20

ENGINE EMISSIONS 24

AIRCRAFT NOISE 28

GROUND OPERATIONS 30

ELECTRICITY AND WATER 34

MATERIALS AND WASTE 36

GROUP CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS 38

BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 40

A GREENER TOMORROW 44

SETTING INDUSTRY TARGETS 48

PWC REASONABLE ASSURANCE REPORT 50

ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCES 52

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 5 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

Emirates Group Financial Highlights 2013-14 2012-13 % change Revenue and other operating income* AED m 87,766 77,536 13.2 Operating profit AED m 5,123 3,654 40.2 Operating margin % 5.8 4.7 1.1 pts Profit attributable to the Owner AED m 4,083 3,102 31.6 Profit margin % 4.7 4.0 0.7 pts Cash assets AED m 18,995 26,968 (29.6) Total assets** AED m 110,100 102,188 7.7

Emirates Financial Highlights 2013-14 2012-13 % change Revenue and results Revenue and other operating income AED m 82,636 73,113 13.0 Operating profit AED m 4,260 2,839 50.1 Operating margin % 5.2 3.9 1.3 pts Profit attributable to the Owner AED m 3,254 2,283 42.5 Profit margin % 3.9 3.1 0.8 pts Return on shareholder's funds % 13.6 10.4 3.2 pts Financial position and cash flow Total assets AED m 101,604 94,803 7.2 Cash assets AED m 16,561 24,572 (32.6) Airline operating statistics Passengers carried number ‘000 44,537 39,391 13.1 Cargo carried tonnes ‘000 2,520 2,086 7.9 Passenger seat factor % 79.4 79.7 (0.3) pts Overall capacity ATKM million 46,820 40,934 14.4 Available seat kilometres ASKM million 271,133 236,645 14.6 Aircraft*** number 217 197 10.2

6 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 dnata Financial Highlights 2013-14 2012-13 % change Revenue and results Revenue and other operating income AED m 7,565 6,622 14.2 Operating profit AED m 863 815 5.9 Operating margin % 11.4 12.3 (0.9) pts Profit attributable to the Owner AED m 829 819 1.2 Profit margin % 11.0 12.4 (1.4) pts Return on shareholder's funds % 19.1 21.4 (2.3) pts Financial position Total assets AED m 8,667 7,571 14.5 Cash assets AED m 2,434 2,396 1.6 Key operating statistics Aircraft handled number 288,335 264,950 8.8 Cargo handled tonnes '000 1,604 1,570 2.2 Meals uplifted number '000 41,275 28,584 44.0 Travel services related net sales AED bn 5.9 5.4 10.0

2013-14 figures have been re-classified to conform with the current year’s presentation.

* After eliminating inter company income/expense of AED 2,435 million in 2013-14 (2012-13: AED 2,199 million). ** After eliminating inter company receivables/payables of AED 171 million in 2013-14 (2012-13: AED 186 million). *** Number of aircraft excludes one Airbus A319 ACJ used for executive jet charters. Elsewhere in the Environmental Report 2013-14, the total number of aircraft is reported as 218, including the A319 ACJ.

The financial year of the Emirates Group is from 1 April to 31 March. Throughout this report all figures are in UAE dirhams (AED) unless otherwise stated. The exchange rate of the dirham to the US dollar is fixed at 3.67.

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 7 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

Emirates Airline – Environmental Data Metric 1 Unit 2013-14 2012-13 % change Verified2 Jet fuel consumption tonnes 8,141,738 7,125,216 14 . 3  Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions tonnes 25,646,474 22,444,429 14 . 3  Fuel efficiency L/100PK 4.05 4.07 -0 . 5  L/FTK 0.190 0.207 -8 . 2  L/TK 0.3089 0.3103 -0 . 5  Fuel efficiency (OFEF)8 TK/L 17.74 17.71 0 . 2 8  CO2 efficiency g CO2 / PK 100.3 100.6 -0 . 3  g CO2 / FTK 469.2 511.2 -8 . 2  kg CO2 / TK 0.764 0.767 -0 . 4  Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions tonnes <3,000ft 10,552 9,194 14 . 8 Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions tonnes <3,000ft 6,394 5,471 16 . 9 Unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions tonnes <3,000ft 665 564 17 . 9 Aircraft compliant with ICAO Annex 16 Vol II % 100 100 0 . 0  emissions Standards 3 Noise Efficiency Factor – Takeoff (NEF-T) dBkm2 / TK 2.45 2.51 -2 . 4 Noise Efficiency Factor – Landing (NEF-L) dBkm2 / TK 0.62 0.69 -10 . 1 Aircraft compliant with ICAO Annex 16 Vol I % 100 100 0 . 0  Chapter 4 noise Standards 3

8 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 Emirates Group – Ground Operations Environmental Data Metric 1 Unit 2013-14 2012-13 % change Diesel consumption 7 litres 31,766,294 29,047,300 6 9 . 4 Petrol consumption 7 litres 13,451,474 10,468,623 28 . 5 Total fuel consumption (ground) 7 litres 45,217,768 39,515,923 6 14 . 4 Fuel consumption per head of staff 4 litres/head/day 1.97 2.37 6 -16 . 9 Associated CO2 emissions 7 tonnes 115,900 101,722 6 13 . 9 Electricity consumption 7 MWh 1,185,721 1,040,177 14 . 0 Associated CO2 emissions 7 tonnes of CO2 830,005 728,124 14 . 0 Electricity consumption per head of staff 4 kWh/head/day 52.6 51.4 2 . 3 Water consumption 7 ML 8,221 7,338 12 . 0 Associated CO2 emissions 5 tonnes of CO2 116,470 97,800 19 . 1 Water use per head of staff 4 litres/head/day 361.3 344.0 5 . 0 Total waste (not recycled) 7 tonnes 210,376 168,236 25 . 0 Total waste (not recycled) per head of staff 4 kg/head/day 8.8 8.5 3 . 5 Recyclables collected 7 tonnes 7,555.2 6,212.7 6 21 . 6

Emirates Group – Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions Metric 1 Unit 2013-14 2012-13 % change Verified 2 CO2 from flight operations tonnes 25,646,474 22,444,429 14 . 3  CO2 from ground operations tonnes 1,272,751 1,095,882 6 16 . 1 Total Group CO2 emissions tonnes 26,919,225 23,540,311 6 14 . 4

1 For definitions of the metrics in these tables, please see The Emirates Group Environmental Report 2013-14 Reporting Guidelines and Methodology document, available on www.emirates.com/about/environment. 2 The metrics marked  are covered by PwC’s assurance procedures (see PwC assurance report on pages 50-51). 3 Excludes wet-leased cargo aircraft. 4 Includes staff of Emirates, dnata and (EKFC) in Dubai (58,882). It excludes staff from the 29 Emirates airport lounges covered in this report (ex Dubai), Alpha Flight Group Ltd, Emirates outstations and staff of Emirates and dnata subsidiary companies. 5 For desalinated water only. 6 Figure revised since publication of the 2012-13 Environment Report. 7 Includes Emirates, dnata and Emirates Flight Catering (EKFC) in Dubai, Emirates Group’s 12 largest outstations by headcount, 29 Emirates airport lounges (ex Dubai) and Alpha Flight Group Ltd. 8 Unlike the other fuel efficiency metrics we report, the higher the OFEF value, the better the efficiency. A positive percentage change therefore reflects improvement over time.

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 9 HIS HIGHNESS SHEIKH AHMED BIN SAEED AL MAKTOUM CHAIRMAN & CHIEF EXECUTIVE EMIRATES AIRLINE & GROUP

In 2020, Dubai expects to welcome 20 million tourists and generate Emirates already operates one of the youngest and most efficient AED300 billion in annual tourism revenue. Emirates airline will play a aircraft fleets in the sky. In the past year, we received 24 new big role in supporting this goal, and so will dnata, our home-grown passenger and freighter aircraft comprising Airbus A380s and air services provider which has transformed from modest beginnings Boeing 777s. Representing the very latest in commercial aircraft into a global player. technology, these new aircraft continue to help us improve the overall fuel efficiency and noise profile of our fleet. Today, Emirates airline connects over 145 cities to Dubai and to each other, facilitating trade and tourism flows across six continents; while In November 2013, we made a massive investment in the latest, dnata provides ground handling, catering, cargo and travel services most environmentally efficient aircraft technology with an order not only in Dubai, but across 90 cities, in 38 countries on for 150 next-generation Boeing 777Xs. When delivered from 2020 five continents. onwards, these 777Xs will help us to achieve the next level in fuel efficiency. Dubai is investing in infrastructure to meet the city’s future growth, and so is the Emirates Group. By 2020, Emirates expects to carry At Emirates, we have an ongoing focus to operate our aircraft in 70 million passengers per year on over 300 aircraft, and we are the most efficient, responsible way possible. In addition to our own developing our workforce, and building cutting-edge facilities to operational efficiency efforts, our partnerships with air navigation support operations of this scale. We will also continue to strengthen service providers have also been key to implementing fuel - and our global footprint, so that we can serve and connect even more time-saving routes. cities across the world. On the ground, Group companies and business units work to For us, growth is not only about the numbers. We are here for the recycle various materials, minimise water and paper consumption, long haul, and we are conscious that with the scale of what we and operate ground vehicles more efficiently. For example, dnata’s do, we can make a difference to economies, communities, and Airport Operations teams minimise water use when washing aircraft, the environment. We consciously strive to improve our economic, and recycle newspapers and other paper products collected from environmental and social impact in a meaningful way. Emirates aircraft cabins at Dubai International Airport.

In this regard, one of our key focus areas has always been the We have also continued our tradition of supporting biodiversity management of resource consumption. Reducing unnecessary and conservation. One thousand endangered houbara bustards, a consumption not only reduces environmental impact, but also has culturally important bird species for the UAE, were released in the a direct benefit on our bottom line. Fuel efficiency is, as always, Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve, the management of which is central to our business. supported by Emirates.

10 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 These birds have thrived and some have successfully reared chicks. Our conservation based resort in Australia’s Blue Mountains, Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa, continued to win awards for sustainability, as well as play host to rare and endangered wildlife.

These are just some highlights of our efforts of the past year, and as you read the rest of this report, I hope you will be as heartened as I am to see the progress that we have made in improving our environmental and other sustainability metrics.

We know that every little effort counts, especially when magnified by the scale of our global operations and workforce. Just as we know that to make a truly meaningful impact, sustainability efforts have to be continuous and long-term. At the Emirates Group, we are fully committed to responsible business and environmental stewardship.

Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 11 THE LEADERSHIP TEAM

THE CHAIRMAN & CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF EMIRATES AIRLINE & GROUP IS HIS HIGHNESS (H.H.) SHEIKH AHMED BIN SAEED AL MAKTOUM. TIM CLARK IS PRESIDENT OF EMIRATES AIRLINE. THE PRESIDENT OF GROUP SERVICES AND OF DNATA IS GARY CHAPMAN. BOTH PRESIDENTS ARE SUPPORTED BY A SENIOR MANAGEMENT TEAM, WHO OVERSEE THE VARIOUS BUSINESS UNITS OF THE GROUP.

A commitment to managed, responsible growth Environmental responsibility is a core value of the Emirates Group, and underpins our vision of making the Group a leader in the aviation and travel sectors. We constantly strive to make sustainability and environmental efficiency a cornerstone of all Group operations, in the air and on the ground.

We continue to invest in the most modern, efficient aircraft and engine technology available, as well as ground equipment. We are constantly innovating, both internally and with our partners, to introduce greater improvements to our operations.

In the Emirates Group’s fourth Environmental Report, you will see how the Group is moving to drive future enhancements in efficiency and environmental performance, as well as the benefits now being realised from previous years of investment in programmes and initiatives.

HH Sheikh Ahmed Tim Clark Gary Chapman bin Saeed Al Maktoum President President Chairman & Chief Executive Emirates Airline Group Services & dnata Emirates Airline & Group

12 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 SCOPE OF THE REPORT

THIS REPORT COVERS THE EMIRATES GROUP’S FINANCIAL REPORTING YEAR (1 APRIL 2013 TO 31 MARCH 2014). AS OF THE END OF THIS FINANCIAL YEAR, THE EMIRATES GROUP OPERATED IN OVER 80 COUNTRIES, WITH MORE THAN 70,000 STAFF.

We addressed the environmental impacts of the following: Environmental impacts associated with the following activities of the Emirates Group were not included in this report: • Emirates fleet operations (passenger and cargo, the latter flown under the Emirates SkyCargo brand). • Emirates Leisure Retail (ELR) and Emirates consumer goods • dnata operations in Dubai (aircraft ground handling, cargo businesses in the UAE and other countries. and travel services). • Partly-owned Emirates companies in the UAE and • Emirates and dnata commercial buildings in Dubai, including other countries. offices, training colleges, flight catering, laundry services, • Remaining outstations, the airline’s offices and activities warehouses, IT and engineering services. outside of the UAE, and all hotel properties except Emirates • The Emirates Group staff accommodation buildings in Dubai Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa. (apartment buildings and houses). • Partly and wholly-owned dnata ground handling, cargo and • The top 12 Group offices outside of Dubai (outstations), travel services outside of Dubai. by headcount. • Partly-owned dnata freight-forwarding and security • Alpha Flight Group Ltd operations. companies in the UAE. • 29 Emirates airport lounges (outside of Dubai). • SkyCargo trucking services, vehicle fleets operated in smaller outstations and those operated by subsidiary companies of • Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa. Emirates and dnata (in the UAE and overseas).

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 13 THE EMIRATES GROUP – WHO WE ARE

162NATIONALITIES 75THOUSAND DESTINATION80 COUNTRIES STAFF 232 147AIRLINE DESTINATIONS AIRCRAFT

In 2013-14, we took delivery of 16 and eight Boeing 777 aircraft. These enabled us to strengthen our route network and launch new services to: Haneda, Japan; Stockholm, Sweden; Conakry, Guinea; Sialkot, Pakistan; Kiev, Ukraine; Kabul, Afghanistan; Taipei, Taiwan; Boston, USA; and a new service between Milan and New York. We also launched flights to Clark in the Philippines in October, but reflecting the dynamic nature of our industry, we made the decision to stop the service from May 2014.

Each new destination added to our global network not only opens up new points for our customers, but also creates new city-pair combinations for valuable trade and passenger traffic flows. Our Boston-Dubai route for instance, will benefit Boston and its surrounding region to the tune of US$ 132 million, according to data from the Massachusetts Port Authority.

14 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 288,335 AIRCRAFT HANDLED dnata MILLION2.3 TONNES freight carried SkyCargo MILLION 44.5 1.6MILLION 41.3 MEALS PREPARED MILLION TONNES dnata freight HANDLed PASSENGERS dnata dnata’s work, in every geography in which we operate, provides the vital functions that allow the aviation industry as a whole to thrive. Our team of 23,000 staff uplifts meals, services aircraft, moves all types of cargo, helps people arrange their travel plans, handles baggage, provides airlines and freight operators with business technology, and ensures passengers reach their final destination.

These figures are valid as of the end of 31 March 2014.

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 15 our GROWING NETWORK

dnata Presence Emirates Presence Emirates Destinations

ABERDEEN DAMMAM MILAN (MALPENSA & LINATE) ABU DHABI ABIDJAN DAMASCUS KOLKATA PERTH ABU DHABI DARWIN MUMBAI ADELAIDE ACCRA DAMMAM KOZHIKODE PESHAWAR ADELAIDE DELHI MUSCAT BENGALURU ADDIS ABABA DAR ES SALAAM KUALA LUMPUR PHUKET AL AIN DHAKA NAPLES BRISBANE ADELAIDE DELHI KUWAIT PRAGUE AL KHOBAR DOHA NEWCASTLE CANBERRA AHMEDABAD DHAKA LAGOS RIO DE JANEIRO AL MEDINAH DUBAI OLBIA DAR ES SALAAM AL MEDINAH DJIBOUTI LAHORE RIYADH ALGHERO DUBLIN PALERMO DUBAI ALGIERS DOHA LARNACA ROME AMMAN (MARKA) EAST MIDLANDS PERTH FUJAIRAH AMMAN DUBAI LIEGE SAN FRANCISCO ANCONA EDINBURGH PESHAWAR HOBART AMSTERDAM DUBLIN LILONGWE SANAA BAHRAIN ERBIL PISA LAUNCESTON ATHENS DURBAN LISBON SÃO PAULO BANGKOK FLORENCE PRAGUE MALÉ AUCKLAND DÜSSELDORF LOME SEATTLE BARCELONA FUJAIRAH PRESTWICK MELBOURNE BAGHDAD ELDORET LONDON HEATHROW SEOUL BARI GENEVA RAS AL KHAIMAH MUSCAT BAHRAIN ENTEBBE LONDON GATWICK SEYCHELLES BEIRUT GENOVA RIYADH PERTH BANGKOK ERBIL LOS ANGELES SHANGHAI BELFAST GLASGOW ROME PHUKET BARCELONA FRANKFURT LUANDA SINGAPORE BENGALURU GUANGZHOU SALALAH RAS AL KHAIMAH BASRA GENEVA LUSAKA STOCKHOLM BERGAMO ISLAMABAD SANAA SEYCHELLES BEIJING GLASGOW LYON ST. PETERSBURG BIRMINGHAM JEDDAH SANFORD SHARJAH BEIRUT GOTHENBURG MADRID SYDNEY BOLOGNA JOHANNESBURG SHARJAH SINGAPORE BENGALURU GUANGZHOU MALÉ TAIPEI BRINDISI JUBAIL SINGAPORE SYDNEY BUENOS AIRES HAMBURG MALTA TEHRAN BRISBANE KABUL SOFIA WOLGAN VALLEY BIRMINGHAM HANEDA MANCHESTER THIRUVANANTHAPURAM BRISTOL KARACHI STANSTED ZANZIBAR BRISBANE HANOI MANILA TOKYO BUCHAREST KATHMANDU SUVA CAIRO HARARE MAURITIUS TORONTO CAGLIARI KHARTOUM SYDNEY CAMPINAS HO CHI MINH CITY MELBOURNE TRIPOLI CAIRNS KUWAIT TAIF CAPE TOWN HONG KONG MILAN TUNIS CAIRO LAHORE TEHRAN CASABLANCA HOUSTON MOSCOW VENICE CANBERRA LAMEZIA TERME TOWNSVILLE CHENNAI HYDERABAD MUMBAI VIENNA CAPE TOWN LEEDS TUNIS CHICAGO ISLAMABAD MUNICH WARSAW CARDIFF LIVERPOOL TURIN CHITTAGONG ISTANBUL MUSCAT WASHINGTON, DC CASABLANCA LONDON GATWICK VENICE CHRISTCHURCH JAKARTA NAIROBI ZARAGOZA CATANIA LONDON HEATHROW VERONA CLARK JEDDAH NEW YORK ZURICH COLOMBO LUTON YANBU COLOMBO JOHANNESBURG NEWCASTLE COOLANGATTA MANCHESTER ZURICH COPENHAGEN KARACHI NICE CORK MANILA DAKAR KHARTOUM OSAKA DAMASCUS MELBOURNE DALLAS KOCHI PARIS

16 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 17 the emirates fleet

Fleet numbers as of 31 March 2014.

Airbus A340-300 Number of Aircraft: 4 Wingspan: 60.3 m Cargo Capacity: 13 tonnes Length: 63.6 m Passenger Capacity: 267 Height: 16.8 m Engine Type: CFM56-5C4 Max Take-Off Weight: 275.0 tonnes Range: 13,350 km Average Cruising Speed: 874 km/h

Airbus A380-800 Number of Aircraft: 47 Wingspan: 79.8 m Cargo Capacity: 8 tonnes Length: 72.7 m Passenger Capacity: 489-517 Height: 24.1 m Engine Type: GP7272 Max Take-Off Weight: 569.0 tonnes Range: 15,000 km Average Cruising Speed: 907 km/h

Airbus A330-200 Number of Aircraft: 21 Wingspan: 60.3 m Cargo Capacity: 17 tonnes Length: 58.8 m Passenger Capacity: 237-278 Height: 17.8 m Engine Type: RR Trent 772 Max Take-Off Weight: 230.0 tonnes Range: 12,200 km Average Cruising Speed: 874 km/h

Airbus A340-500 Number of Aircraft: 9 Wingspan: 63.4 m Cargo Capacity: 15 tonnes Length: 67.9 m Passenger Capacity: 258 Height: 17.1 m Engine Type: RR Trent 553 Max Take-Off Weight: 372.0 tonnes Range: 16,050 km Average Cruising Speed: 874 km/h

Boeing 777-300ER Number of Aircraft: 93 Wingspan: 64.8 m Cargo Capacity: 23 tonnes Length: 73.9 m Passenger Capacity: 354-442 Height: 18.6 m Engine Type: GE90-115B Max Take-Off Weight: 349.2 tonnes Range: 14,594 km Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

18 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 Boeing 777-300 Number of Aircraft: 12 Wingspan: 60.9 m Cargo Capacity: 23 tonnes Length: 73.9 m Passenger Capacity: 364 Height: 18.6 m Engine Type: RR Trent 892 Max Take-Off Weight: 299.3 tonnes Range: 11,029 km Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

Boeing 777F Number of Aircraft: 10 Wingspan: 64.8 m Cargo Capacity: 103 tonnes Length: 63.7 m Engine Type: GE90-110B Height: 18.6 m Range: 9,260 km Max Take-Off Weight: 347.5 tonnes Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

Boeing 777-200LR Number of Aircraft: 10 Wingspan: 64.8 m Cargo Capacity: 15 tonnes Length: 63.7 m Passenger Capacity: 266 Height: 18.6 m Engine Type: GE90-110B Max Take-Off Weight: 343.4 tonnes Range: 17,446 km Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

Boeing 747-400ERF Number of Aircraft: 2 Wingspan: 64.4 m Cargo Capacity: 117 tonnes Length: 70.6 m Engine Type: GE80C2B1F Height: 19.5 m Range: 8,232 km/9,204 km Max Take-Off Weight: 395.9 tonnes Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

Boeing 777-200/777-200ER Number of Aircraft: 3/6 Wingspan: 60.9 m Cargo Capacity:18 tonnes Length: 63.7 m Passenger Capacity: 274-346 Height: 18.6 m Engine Type: RR Trent 877 Max Take-Off Weight: 247.2 tonnes Range: 9,649 km Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 19 JET FUEL

Jet fuel is Emirates’ largest single area of expenditure, and its The new aircraft consisted of 16 Airbus A380s, six Boeing consumption also contributes the largest share of our 777-300ERs and two Boeing 777-200LRF freighters, while two environmental footprint. In 2013-14, Emirates spent nearly -200s, one A340-300 and one A340-500 – all older AED 30.7 billion (US$ 8.4 billion) on jet fuel, which made up 9.2% aircraft – exited the fleet. of the airline’s operating costs. Reducing the amount of fuel used per flight therefore is an imperative for every section of These additions continue Emirates’ policy of investing in the most the business. modern, fuel-efficient technology, and contribute to one of the youngest average fleet ages in the industry: just 6.2 years, compared Fuel consumption with the IATA industry average of 11.7 years for wide-body jets Total jet fuel consumption increased from 7,125,216 tonnes in the (IATA – WATS 58th Edition). 2012-13 financial year to 8,141,738 tonnes in the current reporting Fuel efficiency NEW PASSENGER22 AIRCRAFT period, a growth of 14.3%. This can be explained by the expansion of the fleet and network. During the reporting period, Emirates Fuel efficiency is core to every aspect of our operations, impacting opened nine new passenger destinations and two new dedicated how we fly today and the fleet decisions of tomorrow. The less fuel freighter destinations, increased frequencies to a number of cities, we consume to move our aircraft and passengers, cargo and crew and allocated larger aircraft to several existing destinations. This around the world, the smaller the environmental impact as well as resulted in a capacity increase of 14.6% in available seat kilometres the financial cost to the airline. NEW FREIGHTERS2 (ASK) and 14.4% in available tonne kilometres (ATK). We increased our fleet size by a net 18 passenger aircraft and two freighters, and took delivery of one Airbus A319 for executive charters.

NEW PASSENGER DESTINATIONS9 Emirates’ fleet fuel efficiency Metric Unit 2013-14 2012-13 % change 1 Operational fuel efficiency (OFEF) TK/L 17.74 17.71 0.2 Passenger fuel efficiency L/100PK 4.05 4.07 -0.5 Cargo fuel efficiency (freighters only) L/FTK 0.190 0.207 -8.2 YEARS6.2 AVERAGE FLEET AGE Combined fuel efficiency L/TK 0.3089 0.3103 -0.5

1 Note: an increase in the OFEF implies greater efficiency, whereas a decrease in the other metrics implies greater efficiency.

20 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 We can measure our fuel efficiency in different ways, each metric In addition to the OFEF, we continue to report other giving a different view of our performance depending on what commercially-oriented fuel efficiency metrics for comparison is included in the calculation. In our third annual Environmental purposes. Our passenger fuel efficiency improved 0.5% to 4.05 Report, Emirates introduced the Operational Fuel Efficiency litres/100 passenger kilometres (L/100PK), while the Emirates Factor (OFEF). Instead of commonly-used metrics that use the SkyCargo freighter fleet continued its strong performance by mass of revenue payload carried, such as Revenue Tonne improving fuel efficiency by 8.2% to 0.190 litres/freight tonne MORE EFFICIENT THAN IATA FLEET AVERAGE 14.5% Kilometres (RTKs), the OFEF instead takes Zero Fuel Weight as kilometre (L/FTK). Meanwhile, the fuel efficiency for total tonne the main variable. Zero Fuel Weight (ZFW) is the total weight kilometres gained 0.5% to reach 0.3089 litres/tonne kilometre of the aircraft, including the airframe, the furnishings, the crew (L/TK), 14.5% more efficient than the IATA fleet average of members, the passengers with all their baggage, and the cargo, 0.3614 L/TK (IATA – WATS 58th Edition). without the fuel. The incremental gains in passenger and overall fuel efficiency The advantage of ZFW is that it is independent of aircraft between the two years reflect the composition of our now largely configuration, type of mission and payload mix or load factor. new and fuel-efficient fleet and extensive fuel efficiency practices The OFEF therefore takes actual fuel savings practices into that Emirates has already put in place. These are discussed in account. In 2013-14, Emirates’ operational fuel efficiency more detail on the following page. improved to 17.74 tonne kilometres/litre (TK/L), compared with 17.71 TK/L in the previous year.

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 21 IMPROVING FUEL EFFICIENCY

Investing in our fleet Emirates is investing in a step improvement in the future fuel Emirates engages with air traffic control organisations efficiency of our fleet. We ordered 150 next-generation Boeing internationally to implement and utilise the best routes possible, 777Xs at the Dubai Air Show in November 2013, with another 50 saving time in the air and reducing fuel consumption and emissions. purchase rights. The aircraft, to be powered by General Electric Passenger fuel efficiency (L/100PK) GE9X engines, will be delivered from 2020 onwards and replace These initiatives often involve the application of advanced 4.12 older, comparatively less efficient aircraft in the fleet. Emirates has technology and procedures, using the capability of sophisticated worked closely with Boeing on the design of the 777X, helping to on-board avionics systems to enable aircraft to navigate with much 4.10 identify opportunities to significantly increase the performance greater accuracy. An example of this is the introduction of Required

4.08 of the aircraft. Navigation Performance Authorisation Required (RNP-AR) approach procedures, which Emirates has been progressively applying at 4.06 One example is the introduction of folding wingtips. The efficiency selected airports around the world. of a wing is linked to its span: generally the greater the better. Wing 4.04 span, however, is limited in practice by structural limitations and manoeuvring space on the airport tarmac and taxiways. Folding Change from On firm 4.02 Aircraft In operation March 2013 order wingtips, long used in aircraft carrier-borne military aircraft, will A330-200 21 -2 help to drive a 3-4% improvement in efficiency for the 777X, even

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 A340-300 4 -1 when the weight of the folding mechanism is taken into account. A340-500 9 -1 Improvements such as these ultimately will not only benefit A380-800 47 16 93 Emirates, but all operators of the new aircraft. B777-200 3 Cargo fuel efficiency B777-200ER 6 (freighters only) For all of our new aircraft, we collect detailed data on aircraft B777-200LR 10 0.230 (L/FTK) weight and airframe/engine performance when they are delivered B777-300 12 0.220 from the manufacturer, as well as through performance flight tests. B777-300ER 93 6 58 This data allows more accurate uplift of the appropriate amount 0.210 of fuel for a flight. B777-8X/9X 150 0.200 Total Passenger 205 18 301 Partnerships for shorter, more efficient flight paths B777-200LRF 10 2 0.190 B747-400ERF (on wet lease) 2 Aircraft are rarely able to fly wherever our pilots want; they are 0.180 usually restricted to specially defined routes, similar to highways Total Cargo 12 2 A319 ACJ 1 1 0.170 in the sky. These routes are not always the most direct path to the destination, and they don’t always allow our aircraft to take best Total Executive Charter 1 1 Total 218 21 301

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 advantage of tailwinds or avoid strong headwinds.

22 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 In December 2013, Emirates and Australia’s air navigation Emirates also worked closely with the Japanese Civil Aviation service provider Airservices Australia marked a milestone in our Bureau to become the first non-Japanese airline to land using an partnership with the tenth anniversary of the FlexTracks programme RNP-AR approach at Haneda Airport, Tokyo, in February 2014. for flights between Dubai and Australia. FlexTracks enables new The reduced distance flown enables savings of at least 80 kg of routes across the Indian Ocean and Australia to be defined each day, CO2 per flight when the approach is used, or more than 10 tonnes so that our pilots can take best advantage of shifting winds. Over a year. The flight path takes the aircraft mainly over water rather the 12 months to December 2013, FlexTracks saved over than the city, which helps to reduce the noise footprint over 3,800 tonnes of fuel on Emirates’ daily flights to Adelaide, Brisbane, populated areas. Operational fuel efficiency factor (TK/L) Melbourne, Perth and Sydney, and reduced CO2 emissions by 17.80 more than 12,000 tonnes. Aircraft operating techniques 17.75 Emirates’ pilots use a variety of procedures to help save fuel and 17.70 In October 2013, the FlexTracks concept was extended across the reduce emissions where it is safe and practicable to do so. One 17.65 Indian Ocean with the support of countries including Australia, India, example is idle reverse thrust: when landing on a dry runway, the the Maldives, the Seychelles, South Africa and Sri Lanka in the pilot sets the thrust reversers at idle instead of selecting full reverse 17.60 Indian Ocean Strategic Partnership to Reduce Emissions (INSPIRE) thrust. This technique saved 4,129 tonnes of fuel in 2013-14, 17.55 programme. Together, they created the Arabian Sea/Indian Ocean equivalent to 13,006 tonnes of CO2. Another technique is shutting 17.50 User Preferred Route geographic zone (ASIO-Z) covering the down one engine while taxiing. This saved 1,947 tonnes of fuel 17.45 majority of the Indian Ocean and part of the Arabian Sea. over the year, or 6,133 tonnes of CO2. 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 As a demonstration of the benefits of ASIO-Z and INSPIRE, Emirates Fuel jettison events again partnered with Airservices Australia to fly a FlexTrack route In an in-flight emergency situation, it may be necessary to jettison Combined fuel efficiency across the Indian Ocean, then used RNP-AR to conduct a continuous fuel to lower the aircraft weight to ensure a safe landing. The most (L/TK) descent ‘Smart Tracking’ approach into Brisbane on 1 September common reasons for fuel jettison events are medical emergencies 0.3115 2013. The flight then continued to Auckland, New Zealand, to and technical issues. A total of 14 fuel jettison events were reported 0.3110 highlight the benefits of the Asia and South Pacific Initiative to in 2013-14. Fuel was jettisoned for medical reasons on eight 0.3105 Reduce Emissions (ASPIRE) programme, which Emirates joined occasions, and for technical reasons on six occasions. The total 0.3100 in 2013. amount of fuel jettisoned was recorded as 358.5 tonnes. 0.3095 0.3090 Fuel Jettison Events 2013-14 Technical Reasons 6 0.3085 Medical Reasons 8 0.3080 Environmental Reasons 0 0.3075 4,129TONNES OF FUEL SAVED Total Events 14 USING IDLE REVERESE THRUST TECHNIQUE Jettisoned Fuel (tonnes) 358.5 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 23 24 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENGINE EMISSIONS

Aircraft engines produce several environmentally-significant Local air quality emissions by-products from the combustion of jet fuel. We report here on Some types of engine emissions are a concern for their potential CO2 emissions from aircraft operations carbon dioxide (CO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide impact on air quality at ground level in the vicinity of an airport. (tonnes) (CO), and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHCs). The most significant of these emissions – NOx, UHCs, CO and 30,000,000 smoke – are regulated by ICAO Standards in Annex 16 Volume II. 25,000,000 Carbon dioxide All of Emirates’ aircraft are fully compliant with these Standards. Carbon dioxide emissions are directly related to jet fuel 20,000,000 consumption. Each kilogram of jet fuel burned in an engine In the following sections, we report on the emissions of NOx, UHCs 15,000,000 produces 3.15 kilograms of CO2, so trends in CO2 emissions and CO below 3,000 feet using ICAO’s landing/take-off (LTO) cycle. directly match fuel consumption. In 2013-14, Emirates’ CO2 This layer of the atmosphere nearest the ground is considered to 10,000,000 emissions from jet fuel consumption totalled 25,646,474 tonnes, be the most relevant for emissions affecting local air quality. 5,000,000 up 14.3% compared with the previous financial year in line with Oxides of nitrogen the increase in fuel consumption. 0 Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are formed in the high temperature and Also in line with the values for fuel efficiency, our CO2 emissions pressure conditions in the engine combustion chamber, and are 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 efficiency for passenger transport improved slightly to 100.3 g usually emitted at higher rates during take-off and climb. CO2/passenger km. The CO2 emissions efficiency for cargo An international Standard for NOx was first adopted in 1981 and carried on our freighter fleet improved 8.2% to 469.2 g CO2/ included in ICAO Annex 16 Volume II. ICAO subsequently agreed Passenger CO2 efficiency higher levels of stringency on four occasions, most recently in freight tonne km, while the emissions efficiency for total tonne (g CO2 / 100PK) kilometres improved 0.4% to 0.764 kg CO2/tonne km. The 2011. The latest NOx Standard (CAEP/8) applies to new engines 102.0 discussion on fuel efficiency in the previous section outlines the certificated from 1 January 2014, and is not yet applicable to initiatives we have taken to improve our performance in this area. Emirates’ engines. However, all of our engines fall under and fully 101.5 At present, there is no international standard for aircraft fuel comply with the previous stringency levels (CAEP/6). efficiency or CO2 emissions efficiency. ICAO is currently 101.0 developing an aircraft CO2 emissions Standard to apply to Emirates’ NOx emissions below 3,000 feet increased 14.8% to aircraft designs in the future, and Emirates has been contributing 10,552 tonnes in the year 2013-14, in line with growth in the fleet 100.5 to this work through the UAE delegation to the Committee and network. The average fleet margin below the ICAO CAEP/6 on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP). limits improved from -8.19% to -8.69%. 100.0

Emirates’ fleet carbon dioxide emissions efficiency 99.5 Metric Unit 2013-14 2012-13 % change

Passenger CO2 efficiency g CO2 / 100PK 100.3 100.6 -0.3 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Cargo CO2 efficiency (freighters only) g CO2 / FTK 469.2 511.2 -8.2

Overall CO2 efficiency g CO2 / TK 764.0 767.0 -0.4

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 25 ENGINE EMISSIONS

Carbon monoxide (CO) CO is also produced as a result of incomplete combustion, usually while the aircraft is operating at idle or low thrust settings. CO production is minimal during most other phases of flight. We haven’t previously reported CO emissions, but have now added it to our reporting since it is one of the regulated emissions for aircraft engines.

Emirates’ CO emissions below 3,000 feet increased 16.9% to 6,394 tonnes in 2013-14, again reflecting the growth in the fleet and network. The average fleet margin below the ICAO Standard decreased slightly from -60.68% to -60.11%.

Unburnt hydrocarbons (UHCs) Passenger CO2 efficiency (g CO2 / 100PK) UHCs are produced in engines as a result of incomplete combustion Emissions of NOx 102.0 Fleet margins below regulatory of fuel, typically while the aircraft is operating on the ground at idle below 3,000 ft limits for NOx*(percentages) or low thrust settings. Similar to CO, UHC production is minimal 12,000 (tonnes) -7.6 101.5 during most other phases of flight. 10,000 -7.8 101.0 Emirates’ UHC emissions below 3,000 feet increased 17.9% to 665 8,000 -8.0

tonnes in 2013-14, as a result of growth in the fleet and network. 6,000 -8.2 100.5 The average fleet margin below ICAO Standards decreased slightly -8.4 from -68.87% to -68.09%. UHC and CO emissions have grown at a 4,000 100.0 higher rate than CO2 emissions because the increase in cruise fuel 2,000 -8.6 efficiency in newer engines has come with a trade-off of higher UHC 99.5 0 -8.8 and CO emissions during the LTO cycle. However, the margins for Emirates’ engines are still well below the applicable regulatory 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 limits for all categories of local air quality emissions. *ICAO Annex 16 Vol II

Emirates fleet margins below regulatory limits in percentages (ICAO Annex 16 Volume II) Local air quality emissions below 3,000 feet (landing/take-off cycle) in tonnes Emission type 2013-14 2012-13 Emission type 2013-14 2012-13 % change Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) -8.69 -8.19 Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) 10,552 9,194 14.8 Carbon monoxide (CO) -60.11 -60.68 Carbon monoxide (CO) 6,394 5,471 16.9 Unburnt hydrocarbons (UHCs) -68.09 -68.87 Unburnt hydrocarbons (UHCs) 665 564 17.9

26 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 12,000TONNES OF C02 SAVED USING FLEXTRACKS TO AUSTRALIA

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 27 AIRCRAFT NOISE

Noise is produced by all aircraft, both by the engines and by Emirates assesses its noise performance by calculating a Noise the aircraft itself as it passes through the air. Airlines can reduce Efficiency Factor. This factor describes the noise footprint on takeoff Noise efficiency factor for take-off the impact of noise on communities around airports by selecting and landing which is produced when transporting a certain load 2.56 (dBkm2 / TK) quieter aircraft designs, and by using flight procedures that avoid a given distance – the smaller the number, the lower the noise 2.54 noise-sensitive areas and reduce the noise profile on the ground. footprint. Looking at noise from the point of view of efficiency 2.52 makes sense: noise in many respects is wasted energy. 2.50 All of Emirates’ aircraft meet or exceed ICAO Chapter 4 noise standards, which are the most stringent ICAO Standards for aircraft Our noise efficiency factor for take-off was 2.45 dBkm2/tonne km 2.48 currently in operation. As Emirates has progressively invested in for the 2013-14 reporting year, an improvement of 15% compared 2.46 quieter aircraft, the fleet’s margin below ICAO Chapter 4 limits has with 2012-13. The factor for landing was 0.62 dBkm2/tonne km for 2.44 continued to improve, reaching 9.66 EPNdB below the limit in the current year, down 10% compared with the previous year. The 2.42 2013-14. (Note: these metrics exclude wet-leased freighters.) improvements can be attributed to more flights operated by the 2.40 quietest aircraft in our fleet, including the A380, B777-300ER and Our flagship Airbus A380 in particular is recognised as one of the B777-200LR, and fewer flights operated by the noisiest aircraft. quietest large airliners in operation today. The aircraft incorporates 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 a range of technologies to reduce its noise footprint, and it meets stringent Heathrow Airport noise levels of Quota Count 2 for departures and Quota Count 0.5 for arrivals. Emirates has performed Fleet margins below ICAO Noise efficiency factor well in the London Heathrow Fly Quiet Programme as a result of for landing Chapter 4 limits (percentages) 0.72 (dBkm2 / TK) its selection of aircraft and consistent use of noise abatement -8.4 0.70 procedures. The airline was ranked 4th overall in the second -8.6 quarterly Fly Quiet report (covering the fourth quarter of 2013), 0.68 up from 6th place in the inaugural report. -8.8 0.66 -9.0 0.64 -9.2 0.62 -9.4 0.60 0.58 -9.6 0.56 -9.8 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

28 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 100% AIRCRAFT COMPLIANT WITH CHAPTER 4 STANDARDS

9.66% FLEET MARGIN BELOW ICAO CHAPTER 4 LIMITS

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 29 30 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 GROUND OPERATIONS

The Emirates Group has substantial ground-based operations in Ground Vehicles and Equipment Dubai and in many countries around the world, and efforts are The Emirates Group maintains a large fleet of ground vehicles and made across the Group to manage their environmental impacts. equipment to support its operations, including baggage and cargo This section covers the use of ground vehicles and equipment and handling, passenger and staff transport, and catering vehicles. In associated emissions, electricity, water, and management of 2013-14, the Group had 4,680 vehicles, 84% of which were located materials and waste. in Dubai. This is close to the number of 4,688 vehicles in the previous year. Fuel consumption in the ground equipment fleet rose Several significant developments took place during the year, which 13.1% in Dubai and 14.4% worldwide. Diesel formed the largest have affected our resource consumption, emissions and waste proportion of fuel consumed, at 70.3% of total fuel. production from ground operations:

• The new Concourse A at Dubai International Airport’s Terminal 3 Worldwide fuel consumption from completed its first full year of operations. Purpose-built for the ground vehicle operations (litres) A380, the 645 metre long concourse opened in January 2013, 50,000,000 and can handle 15 million passengers a year.

• The average number of employees in Emirates Airline increased 40,000,000 by 3,404 (8.9%), with most of the growth coming from cabin crew as a result of adding a net 18 passenger aircraft to the fleet. 30,000,000 645 METRE LONG CONCOURSE CAN HANDLE • The Emirates Engineering Centre occupied the first phase of a 20,000,000 new 40,000 m2 maintenance hangar development. 10,000,000 • dnata began providing ground handling services to passenger flights at Al Maktoum International Airport at Dubai World 0 Central (DWC). The new airport received its first passenger flight 15 MILLION PASSENGERS A YEAR on 27 October 2013. 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Fuel consumption from ground vehicle operations Petrol consumption Diesel consumption Metric Unit 2013-14 2012-13 1 % change Diesel consumption (worldwide) litres 31,766,294 29,047,300 9.4 Petrol consumption (worldwide) litres 13,451,474 10,468,623 28.5 Total fuel consumption (worldwide) litres 45,217,768 39,515,923 14.4 Total fuel consumption (Dubai) litres 42,249,461 37,344,388 13.1 Fuel consumption per head of staff (Dubai) litres/head/day 1.97 2.37 -16.9

1 Note: The figure for diesel consumption in 2012-13 has been revised since publication of the 2012-13 Environmental Report.

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 31

The Group continues to look proactively for ways to use its ground A FLEET OF BUSES TRANSPORTS OVER equipment and vehicles more efficiently. In February 2014, the Central Services department won awards for Mobility Management and Environment Conservation at the Dubai Awards for Sustainable Transport for their achievements in overhauling the staff transportation service. Every day in Dubai, a fleet of buses transports 8,000EMIRATES GROUP STAFF over 8,000 Emirates Group staff between their accommodation and BETWEEN THEIR ACCOMMODATION AND their workplace. THEIR WORKPLACE

Through the project, the department was able to increase the CO2 EMISSIONS REDUCED BY number of staff carried on the service from 7,580 to 8,500, while reducing the distance driven by 9%, cutting the number of buses used to 67 from 140, and reducing CO2 emissions by an estimated 2,500 tonnes a year. Importantly for the users of the service,

on-time performance exceeded 97.5% by the end of the project. 2,500TONNES A YEAR Other fuel- and emissions-savings initiatives completed during the Emirates Group ground vehicles year included: Business Unit 2013-14 • Introducing 2.8 litre petrol engine buses to replace 4.2 litre Arabian Adventures 108 diesel buses for airside crew transfers, reducing emissions by Central Services 1,160 70 g CO2 / km. DDCR 10 • Replacing 2.5 litre vehicles with more efficient 2.0 litre vehicles dnata Airport Operations 1,684 in the chauffeur drive and crew transport fleet, saving dnata Cargo 190 EKFC 299 37 g CO2 / km. Emirates Engineering 350 • More efficient planning and use of existing vehicles, reducing SkyCargo 122 the number of empty trips. Sub-total (Dubai) 3,923 Outstations 103 Alpha Catering 654 Sub-total (ex-Dubai) 757 Total Vehicles 4,680

32 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 33 34 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ELECTRICITY AND WATER

The Group’s electricity consumption in Dubai increased 16% Group companies have also been looking at ways to better between 2012-13 and 2013-14, and water consumption grew 19%. manage wastewater in sensitive environments. Gulf Ventures is an The increases were largely driven by the opening of Concourse A award-winning destination management company, and operates Water consumption (megalitres) at Dubai International Airport and the growth in staff numbers to its own camp for desert tours outside the city of Dubai. 18,000 service the expanding network. 16,000 The camp is located above an important freshwater aquifer, so 14,000 dnata’s Aircraft Appearances team, who are responsible for waste water should be properly treated to prevent contamination 12,000 washing the exteriors of Emirates’ aircraft fleet, have been focused of the groundwater. In 2013, the company installed a fully 10,000 on minimising water use. Keeping an aircraft clean is important not self-contained Australian-made waste water treatment system 8,000 just for its appearance, but also to avoid additional fuel burn caused entirely powered by solar panels, making it ideal for the 6,000 by the aerodynamic drag that a dirty aircraft skin creates. Washing remote location. 4,000 a wide-body airliner can potentially consume a lot of water, but dnata has established baselines and targets for the amount of water 2,000 used to clean each aircraft type, which gives a strong incentive for 0 cleaning crews to manage water consumption. 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 dnata saved over 333,500 litres of water compared with the baseline Worldwide ML Dubai ML over the year, representing both financial savings on utilty bills and reduced environmental impact. 333,500 LITRES OF WATER SAVED Electricity consumption (MWh) 2,500,000

Electricity consumption 2,000,000 Scope Unit 2013-14 2012-13 % change

Dubai MWh 1,130,319 974,587 16.0 1,500,000 Worldwide MWh 1,185,721 1,040,177 14.0 Per head of staff (Dubai) kWh/head/day 52.6 51.4 2.3 1,000,000

Water consumption 500,000 Scope Unit 2013-14 2012-13 % change 0 Dubai ML 7,765 6,520 19.1 Worldwide ML 8,221 7,338 12.0

Per head of staff (Dubai) litres/head/day 361.3 344.0 5.0 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Worldwide MWh Dubai MWh

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 35 MATERIALS AND WASTE

Reflecting the growth in the Group’s operations, total waste Materials recycled in tonnes (all Emirates Group sites) 1 generated increased 16.8% in Dubai, and 25.0% worldwide. The Material recycled 2013-14 Group continues to implement a wide range of recycling programmes Paper and cardboard 5,506.9 to capture as many waste streams as possible. The total quantity Unspecified recycling 1,134.6 Waste generation of waste diverted from landfill for recycling totalled 7,555.2 tonnes, Glass 324.6 (tonnes) 450,000 compared with 6,212.7 tonnes 1 the previous year. Plastic - all types including plastic bottles and polycarbonate 280.6 400,000 IT and e-waste 82.2 350,000 Waste reduction and recycling initiatives range from e-waste Cooking oil 56.2 300,000 collection, through recycling of newspapers recovered from aircraft Food 49.5 Wood 47.2 250,000 cabins, to promotion of e-freight – removing the paperwork from Aluminium - foil, cans, aviation grade 2017A alloy 39.8 200,000 international freight. Steel - scrap and cans 30.6 150,000 At Dubai International Airport, dnata’s Aircraft Appearances cleaning Cartridges 3.0 100,000 crews collect newspapers, expired inflight magazines and cardboard Total (tonnes) 7,555.2 50,000 cartons for recycling from Emirates aircraft cabins. In 2013-14, dnata 0 collected 1,756 tonnes of paper products for recycling from Emirates 1 Note: The figure for recycling in 2012-13 has been revised since publication of aircraft at Dubai, compared with 1,669 tonnes in 2012-13. the 2012-13 Environmental Report. 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Worldwide Dubai Other initiatives are aimed at reducing or preventing waste in the at the customer airlines, resulting in both additional use of paper and first place, while at the same time enhancing service for customers. duplication of work. They set up a team to solve the problem, and Recycling (tonnes) dnata’s Special Handling Services Unit handles special requests for they recommended an IT-based solution so that airlines could easily 8,000 customer airlines, such as providing wheelchair assistance for access the information. This considerably sped up the processing time, 7,000 passengers. The unit discovered that the service charge notes that improved customer satisfaction, and saved 270,000 A4 sheets – about 6,000 document the request were being re-printed for multiple reasons 1.3 tonnes – of paper a year. 5,000 4,000 Waste generation 3,000 Scope Unit 2013-14 2012-13 % change 2,000 Dubai tonnes 188,231 161,137 16.8 1,000 Worldwide tonnes 210,376 168,236 25.0 Per head of staff (Dubai) kg/head/day 8.8 8.5 3.5 0 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

36 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 Using processes that were developed at the beginning of commercial air cargo, some international shipments can require as many as 30 different paper documents. Eliminating the paper from air freight reduces the need to handle and store physical documents, minimises data capture needs, and saves on the costs of paper resources and of transporting the documents. Emirates along with 7,555.2 TONNES OF WASTE DIVERTED FROM LANDFILL the aviation industry and IATA are now spearheading a global push to introduce e-freight worldwide. Emirates SkyCargo flew the world’s first paperless freighter flight in 2011. In the first quarter of 2014, Emirates was the airline with the greatest use of electronic air waybills (e-AWBs) by volume. 1,756 TONNES OF PAPER PRODUCTS RECYCLED FROM EMIRATES AIRCRAFT

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 37 38 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 GROUP CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

In 2013-14, total Emirates Group emissions considered within the scope of this report reached 26,919,225 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, up 14.3% compared with the previous year consistent with the overall growth of the business.

By far the largest proportion of the Emirates Group’s emissions come from the consumption of jet fuel in airline flight operations. 95.3% of emissions were generated by flight operations and the consumption of jet fuel, while ground operations accounted for 4.7% of emissions.

Carbon dioxide emissions from worldwide ground operations in tonnes, by source Emirates Group total Source 2013-14 2012-13 1 % change carbon dioxide emissions Ground vehicles and equipment 115,900 101,722 13.9 30,000,000 (tonnes) Electricity 830,005 728,124 14.0 25,000,000 Water 116,470 97,800 19.1 95.3%EMISSIONS FROM FLIGHT Waste to landfill or incineration 210,376 168,236 25.1 20,000,000 TOTAL 1,272,751 1,095,882 16.1 15,000,000

10,000,000

Emirates Group total carbon dioxide emissions in tonnes 5,000,000 Source 2013-14 2012-13 1 % change EMISSIONS FROM GROUND 0 4.7% Flight operations 25,646,474 22,444,429 14.3 Ground operations (worldwide) 1,272,751 1,095,882 16.1

TOTAL 26,919,225 23,540,311 14.4 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Ground operations Flight operations (worldwide)

Emirates Group carbon dioxide emissions in tonnes, by scope Dubai (includes CO2 emissions from flight operations) Worldwide Source 2013-14 2012-13 1 % change 2013-14 2012-13 1 % change Scope 1: Aviation fuel, diesel, petrol and LPG consumption 25,754,655 22,540,474 14.2 25,762,374 22,546,151 14.3 Scope 2: Electricity and water consumption 907,483 780,011 16.3 946,475 825,924 12.7 Scope 3: Waste to landfill or incineration 188,231 161,137 16.8 210,376 168,236 25.1 TOTAL 26,850,369 23,481,622 14.3 26,919,225 23,540,311 14.3

1 Note: The figure for diesel consumption in 2012-13 has been revised since publication of the 2012-13 Environmental Report.

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 39 BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

Unique plants, animals and landscapes are features of our home Habitat improvements have continued in cooperation with the base of Dubai as well as the various countries that we operate in Dubai Engineer’s Office. A total of 15,000 indigenous ghaf trees worldwide. Emirates has supported efforts to protect natural were planted across the DDCR, which added to the 9,830 trees heritage by making large contributions to key conservation planted in 2012. Solar powered pumps were installed to irrigate the projects in Dubai and Australia. young trees and provide water for wildlife. Ghaf trees are extremely hardy, growing in areas with less than 75 mm annual rainfall and Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve temperatures up to 50 degrees Celsius, their roots penetrating as far Emirates helped to set up the 225 km2 Dubai Desert Conservation as 30m below ground to seek out groundwater. The trees provide Reserve in 2003. The Group continues to fund the operations of valuable habitat for animals but they are vulnerable to browsing the Reserve, including ecological research which is delivering some and environmental degradation. valuable results. Key research activities in the past year have focused on vegetation monitoring, assessing the reserve’s carrying capacity The reserve also operates an annual volunteer programme for herbivores, and surveying populations of arthropods (such as conducted by Biosphere Expeditions. The volunteers have helped insects, spiders and scorpions), rodents and red foxes. survey for Gordon’s wildcat; although no wildcats were successfully found during the year, they did capture a rare sand fox, which During the year, the Reserve conducted a release programme helped to generate some important data. The volunteers also for the culturally important but endangered houbara bustard in monitored the health of the iconic Arabian oryx population. conjunction with the Ruler’s Office and the National Avian Research Centre. Five hundred birds were released on 15 April 2013 and another 500 on 17 and 18 February 2014. In March 2014, the first chicks were seen, confirming their ability to breed in the wild in the reserve.

15,000INDIGENOUS GHAF TREES PLANTED

1,000HOUBARA BUSTARDS RELEASED INTO THE WILD

40 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 41 42 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa opened in New South Wales, Australia, in 2009 in a setting of 1,600 hectares of wilderness. The resort was built on the philosophy of complete integration with its environment, and has invested strongly in restoring the native vegetation and wildlife of the valley. It was one of the first luxury resorts in the world to receive an internationally-recognised carbon neutral certification from New Zealand-based CarboNZero, and re-certification was initiated during the 2013-14 financial year.

The resort’s commitment to providing a high quality visitor experience with strong sustainability and conservation values helped it win the Sustainability award at the 2013 Travel + Leisure Global Vision Awards, as well as taking the award for the best Environmental Programme at the 2013 Hotel Management (HM) Awards. In addition, the resort took the award for the Top Hotel in Australia in the 2014 TripAdvisor Travellers’ Choice Awards.

Habitat restoration is an ongoing priority. In the past year, guests The resort took of the resort have contributed to improving the valley environment the award for the Top Hotel in by planting some 2,000 native trees and shrubs along the Wolgan Australia in the 2014 River, which will provide a wider corridor for wildlife to move through TripAdvisor Travellers’ the valley and help to stabilise the river banks. Choice Awards. 2,000NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS PLANTED ALONG THE WOLGAN RIVER The efforts put into restoration are already paying dividends for the valley’s wildlife. In one of the most significant conservation related events in the resort’s history, a guest photographed a rare Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa has a close association spotted-tail quoll outside her suite in January 2014. About the size with the University of Western Sydney, along with several other of a domestic cat, the spotted-tail quoll is mainland Australia’s research and education institutions. Students from the University largest carnivorous marsupial. The animals are becoming of Western Sydney launched a number of new research projects increasingly rare because of habitat loss and competition from during 2013, which will help to improve understanding of the introduced predators such as feral cats and red foxes. The resort valley’s wombats and eastern grey kangaroos. The knowledge will work on enhancing habitat for the spotted-tail quoll, as well gained from these projects will in turn assist our conservation as continuing to monitor for further sightings. managers find the best ways to manage these wildlife species.

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 43 A GREENER TOMORROW

MANILA In 2013 Emirates launched ‘A Greener Tomorrow’, a programme to support not-for-profit environmental or conservation organisations through the provision of a funding award. The funding for ‘A Greener Tomorrow’ was raised through recycling programmes across the Emirates Group.

We called upon our passengers, employees, Facebook fans, The Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (iCSC): universities and members of the general public to nominate Ejeepney project, the Philippines eligible organisations, as well as encouraging environmental and iCSC works on sustainable energy solutions and fair climate policy. conservation organisations to nominate themselves. Over 400 The ejeepney conversion programme will transform diesel-fuelled nominations were submitted, from countries across the Emirates traditional jeepneys – the Philippines’ most popular means of public network and beyond. The applications spanned environmental transport – into battery-powered electric vehicles. This substantially initiatives such as animal, land and tree conservation, biogas, reduces local air pollution and carbon emissions. environmental research, awareness-raising, and green Multicabs from Tacloban whose engines were damaged by typhoon transportation. The high quality of the applications led us to Haiyan will be fitted with electric motors, enabling the vehicles to support three projects in three countries. be used as public transport vehicles again.

REDUCING EJEEPNEYS AIR POLLUTION GREEN EMISSIONS TRANSPORTATION

44 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 45 46 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 The Heritage Foundation: Moak Sharif Eco Village, Pakistan The Heritage Foundation is engaged in a wide range of activities, ranging from the construction of Eco-Villages, to sustainable farming practices, to the building of smokeless cook stoves and educating women and children in these sustainable practices. The funding award will be used to support projects across all of these areas in the Eco-Village, Moak Sharif, Pakistan.

Ripple Africa: The Changu Changu Moto (Fast Fast Fire) project, Malawi Ripple Africa focuses on environment, education and healthcare in the Nkhata Bay District of Malawi. The Changu Changu Moto stove is a positive alternative to traditional open fires. It is simple, low cost, has a low tech sustainable structure and is sourced 100% from local materials. This stove reduces deforestation in the local area, as well as greatly reducing the direct inhalation of smoke.

ENVIRONMENT NKHATA BAY 100% HEALTHCARE LOCAL MATERIALS EDUCATION SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 47 SETTING INDUSTRY TARGETS

The year 2013 saw a number of important developments in In line with the industry, Emirates supports a global sectoral international aviation environmental policy. As the world’s largest approach to MBMs to avoid the creation of multiple overlapping international airline by capacity, Emirates is making a positive regional schemes. At its 38th Assembly Session, ICAO resolved to contribution to these policy discussions through its work with the develop a global MBM scheme for international aviation. The relevant national and international bodies. organisation requested the ICAO Council to recommend a global scheme by the 39th Assembly Session in 2016, for implementation Compliance from 2020. The UAE has nominated technical specialists from Different countries have different regulations governing aviation Emirates to contribute to the ICAO Global MBM Task Force set up within their borders and airspace. The policy of Emirates is to under the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection. comply with all relevant regulations in all territories in which it operates, including compliance with emissions standards and ICAO Standards reporting requirements. ICAO’s Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection is currently developing the first international aircraft certification standard for Market-Based Measures CO2 emissions. Nominated by the UAE, Emirates’ subject matter Emirates welcomed the decision by the European Parliament experts have contributed to the work on the CO2 standard as well and Council to maintain the coverage of the European Union as that of other CAEP working groups. Emirates’ experts also Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to intra-European Economic participated in the UAE delegation to the annual CAEP Steering Area flights until 2016. This decision will help to facilitate ICAO’s Group meeting, which the UAE hosted in Dubai in November 2013. development of a global sectoral scheme. Airlines had faced several months of regulatory uncertainty after the European Commission The UAE State Action Plan proposed to include the emissions from the proportion of all flights The 38th Session of the ICAO Assembly encouraged Member within European airspace. The Commission made the proposal States to provide voluntary action plans reporting on their shortly after the 38th Session of the ICAO Assembly resolved international aviation CO2 emissions and relevant policies and that States should engage in constructive consultations and actions. Emirates contributed to the working group set up by the negogiations with other States to reach agreement when General Civil Aviation Authority to inform the development of designing or implementing MBMs. the UAE State Action Plan.

Despite the uncertainty around compliance deadlines before the European Parliament vote on the ETS on 3 April 2014, Emirates submitted its verified annual emissions report for all of its European emissions to the UK Environment Agency, Emirates’ regulatory agency under the scheme, before 31 March 2014.

48 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 IATA Target Aviation is the first industry to agree on global targets to manage These four pillars are: carbon emissions. These collective industry targets include a 1.5% annual fuel efficiency improvement until 2020, carbon neutral growth • Improved technology, including advances in aircraft, engine and from 2020 onwards and an absolute reduction in CO2 emissions navigation technology; of 50% by 2050, compared with 2005 levels. • More efficient aircraft operations, including shorter and more fuel efficient flight paths; IATA has outlined a four-pillar strategy to meet these targets, • Infrastructure improvements, including air traffic management including improved technology, more efficient aircraft operations, and airport systems; and infrastructure improvements, and market-based measures to fill the remaining emissions gap. • Market-based measures, to address the remaining emissions gap.

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 49 Reasonable assurance All other information in the Environmental Report 2013-2014 was not subject to our report engagement and we do not report and do not opine on this information. To: the Presidents of the Emirates Group The Presidents of the Emirates Group are Engagement and responsibilities ultimately responsible for the preparation and We have been engaged by the Emirates Group presentation of the Environmental Report to perform a reasonable assurance engagement 2013-2014. We are responsible for providing on the following measures presented at pages an assurance report on the reported annual 8 and 9 and marked with a u (hereafter: the reported environmental data presented in the annual environmental data) in the accompanying Environmental Report 2013-2014. Environmental Report 2013-2014 by the Emirates Group, Dubai: Criteria The reporting criteria used by the Emirates Group • Total jet fuel consumption of the airline are described in the Emirates Group 2013-2014 (aircraft fuel consumption only); Environmental Report – Reporting Guidelines and • Total CO2 emissions of the airline (aircraft Methodology, dated 15 December 2014, available emissions only); on the website of the Emirates Group. We consider • Fuel efficiency of the airline, in terms of the reporting criteria to be relevant and sufficient volume per passenger kilometre, volume per for our engagement. freight tonne-kilometre and volume per total tonne-kilometre (aircraft fuel consumption CO2 quantification is subject to uncertainty only); because of such things as emissions factors that • CO2 efficiency of the airline in terms of CO2 are used by mathematical models to calculate weight per passenger kilometre, CO2 weight emissions, and the inability of those models to per freight tonne-kilometre and kilograms precisely characterize under all circumstances CO2 per total tonne-kilometre (aircraft the relationships between various inputs and the emissions only); resultant emissions because of incomplete • Percentage of aircraft compliant with ICAO scientific knowledge. Annex 16 Volume II emissions standards and CAO Annex 16 Volume I Chapter 4 noise Standards; • Operational Fuel Efficiency Factor (OFEF).

50 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 Scope and procedures performed Within the scope of our work we performed, Opinion We planned and performed our procedures in amongst others, the following procedures: In our opinion, the reported annual environmental accordance with Dutch Law and the International data, as included in the Emirates Group Standard on Assurance Engagements (ISAE) 3000 • reviewed documents to gain an understanding Environmental Report 2013-2014 (pages 8 and 9) ‘Assurance engagements other than audits of the activities and structure of the and marked with a u, as mentioned in the or reviews of historical financial information’ Emirates Group; paragraph “Engagement and responsibilities”, and (ISAE) 3410 ‘Assurance Engagements on • conducted interviews with Emirates Group have been prepared, in all material respects, in Greenhouse Gas Statements’. These standards management to understand the data accordance with the Emirates Group Environmental require that we plan and perform our procedures collection process and to evaluate the Report 2013-14 – Reporting Guidelines and to obtain reasonable assurance about whether accuracy of the quantitative and qualitative Methodology. the reported annual environmental data are free information in the reported annual from material misstatement. environmental data; Amsterdam, 15 December 2014 • reconciled reported data with internal and PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V. Reasonable assurance external source documentation; • performed analytical procedures on the This engagement is aimed at providing reasonable Original signed by reported data; assurance. A reasonable assurance engagement • evaluated the appropriateness of involves performing procedures to obtain Jan van der Hilst quantification methods and reporting verification evidence about the reported policies used; environmental data in the Emirates Group • assessed the data gap approach used, and Environmental Report 2013-2014. The the methods used to estimate missing data; procedures selected depend on our and judgement, including the assessment of • evaluated the overall format and presentation the risks of material misstatement in the of the annual environmental data, as reported annual environmental data due to presented in the Environmental Report omissions, misrepresentations and errors. 2013-2014 (including an evaluation of the In making those risk assessments, the consistency of the information, in line with verifier considers internal controls relevant to the the above-mentioned reporting criteria). company’s preparation and fair presentation of the reported annual environmental data in order to design verification procedures that are We believe that the evidence we have obtained is appropriate in the circumstances, but not for sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the our opinion. effectiveness of the company’s internal controls regarding environmental reporting.

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 51 ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS REFERENCES

AED United Arab Emirates dirham • Asia and Pacific Initiative to Reduce Emissions (ASPIRE), ASK available seat kilometres Annual Report 2013. ASPIRE Asia and South Pacific Initiative to Reduce Emissions http:/www.aspire-green.com/mediapublications/docs/annual_ ATK available tonne kilometres report2013.pdf CAEP committee on Aviation Environmental Protection • Indian Ocean Strategic Partnership to Reduce Emissions CO carbon monoxide (INSPIRE), 2013 AnnualReport. CO2 carbon dioxide http://www.inspire-green.com/docs/14-055BKT_INSPIRE_Annual_ DDCR dubai Desert Conservation Reserve Report_2013_LOWRES.pdf EKFC Emirates Flight Catering • International Air Transport Association (IATA), World Air EPNdB effective perceived noise level in decibels Transport Statistics (WATS), 58th Edition, 2014. EU ETS European Union Emissions Trading System • IATA, Fact Sheet: Climate Change, December 2013. g CO2 / FTK grams of CO2 per freight tonne kilometre http://www.iata.org/pressroom/facts_figures/fact_sheets/ g CO2 / PK grams of CO2 per passenger kilometre Pages/environment.aspx GCAA General Civil Aviation Authority • International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), Resolutions GHG greenhouse gas emissions Adopted by the Assembly, Assembly – 38th Session, Montréal, IATA International Air Transport Association 24 September – 4 October 2013. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation • ICAO, Report of the Committee on Aviation Environmental INSPIRE Indian Ocean Strategic Partnership to Reduce Emissions Protection, Sixth Meeting, Montréal, 2-12 February 2004 kg CO2 / TK kilograms of CO2 per tonne kilometre (Doc 9836, CAEP/6), 2004. L/100PK litres per 100 passenger kilometres • ICAO, Report of the Committee on Aviation Environmental L/FTK litres per freight tonne kilometre Protection, Eighth Meeting, Montréal, 1 – 12 February 2010 L/TK litres per tonne kilometre (Doc 9938, CAEP/8), 2010. LTO Cycle landing and take-off cycle • ICAO, Report of the Committee on Aviation Environmental MBM market-based measure Protection, Ninth Meeting, Montréal, 4-15 February 2013 NOx nitrogen oxides (Doc 10012, CAEP/9), 2013. OFEF operational fuel efficiency factor • United Nations, Convention on International Civil Aviation, RNP-AR Required Navigation Performance-Authorisation Required Chicago, 1944. TK/L tonne kilometres per litre UHC unburnt hydrocarbon ZFW zero fuel weight

52 | ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 | 53 Printed on 100% recycled paper

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