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The Contribution of Arts-Educators to a Pedagogy of Global Social Justice Education: a Qualitative Study of Creative Production Processes with Young People

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The Contribution of Arts-Educators to a Pedagogy of Global Social Justice Education: a Qualitative Study of Creative Production Processes with Young People The contribution of arts-educators to a pedagogy of global social justice education: A qualitative study of creative production processes with young people William Essilfie PhD Thesis UCL Institute of Education, London DECLARATION I, William Essilfie, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Word Count: 79,792 DECLARATION 2 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS This PhD has been a fascinating journey during which I have learnt so much about myself. I have re-examined many things I have believed in and discovered a renewed sense of hope. However, without the support of the following people, this PhD would not have been possible, and I am eternally grateful for their assistance. My supervisors Doug Bourn and Claire Robins have guided, advised, and supported me every step of the way. I would like to also express my gratitude to Doug for walking me through the PhD application process from proposal development to application completion. My parents Billy and Dorothy Essilfie believed in me and encouraged me to pursue a PhD in the first place, as well as helping me survive the last few years. A number of friends (HY, NM, RN and JT) have been extremely helpful in too many ways to mention throughout the PhD process, including sharing with me insights and ideas that have enabled me to progress past various frustrations and obstacles I have encountered. Lastly I would like to thank the various educators and young people who made this research possible through participating in my research. You very kindly made time to share your thoughts about your work and experiences with me; your generosity is very much appreciated. © 2016 William Essilfie All Rights Reserved AKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ABSTRACT Global social justice education (GSJE) for young people is regularly conducted through the arts, from using artworks as stimuli for discussion to art-making as an approach to consolidate young people’s understanding of social justice issues. Although there is widespread use of the arts in GSJE, educational research in GSJE rarely engages with art-making approaches. This research analyses the pedagogy of GSJE through the arts through a qualitative study of media, art and design educators working with young people in social justice education (SJE). The empirical research, which was influenced by ethnography, consists of data generated mainly by interviews and observations with participants working in both formal and informal education settings. Analysis is informed by concepts of conscientization, art as experience and the radical potential of the arts. Considering pedagogy in arts GSJE through the themes of context, concepts, practice and achievement, highlights the challenges between the intentions of educators and the practicalities of working in this field. It shows firstly that the SJE arenas of knowledge development, reflection and skills-development, action, and evaluation are fundamental to the art-making experience in GSJE. The art-making process provides multiple opportunities for reinforcement of learning in GSJE through the reflection and discussion of the SJE topic that occurs throughout creative production processes. Secondly, soft skills-development and young people’s voice dominates GSJE with relatively little attention given to addressing structural conditions responsible for global social injustices. External factors driven mainly by funders and their policies contribute to this situation by concentrating funding on short-term projects. Thirdly, though SJE prioritizes young people’s voice, without educators setting boundaries the GSJE dimension can easily become minimal. Young people’s participation in all stages of the learning process is also essential in providing repeated chances to engage with GSJE. Finally, post- action evaluations provide opportunities for reflection on GSJE knowledge gained and acknowledgement of lessons to use in future actions. This research also indicates the range of ways GSJE through the arts occurs; it highlights the scope for a contribution of the arts to GSJE despite existing constraints. Without paying close attention to pedagogical practices, GSJE through the arts can result in approaches that do not match the potential contribution of the arts. Creating artwork as part of GSJE is a powerful approach to engaging young people in global social justice, resulting in the development of knowledge and understanding whilst acting for social change. ABSTRACT 4 CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................................ 3 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................................................. 5 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Rationale for Research............................................................................................................................. 11 1.1.i Educating Young People: Why and What ............................................................................................ 12 1.1.ii The Arts: Why ...................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1.iii Personal Rationale ........................................................................................................................... 14 1.2 GSJE Landscape in England ...................................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Boundaries of the Research ..................................................................................................................... 16 1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................................................................. 16 1.4.i Why Film? ............................................................................................................................................ 17 1.4.ii Film as a Visual Art Form in Education ................................................................................................ 18 1.5 Thesis Structure ....................................................................................................................................... 19 1.6 Reflections ............................................................................................................................................... 19 2 Review of Key Concepts and Theory ............................................................................................................... 20 2.1 Introduction to the Fields of Global Social Justice Education and the Arts ............................................. 20 2.1.i Social Justice Education (SJE) and Global Social Justice Education (GSJE) .......................................... 20 2.1.ii Critical Pedagogy ................................................................................................................................. 22 2.1.iii Arts Social Justice Education (Arts SJE) ............................................................................................ 24 2.2 Theoretical Starting Points for Arts SJE ................................................................................................... 27 2.2.i Critical Consciousness and Praxis ........................................................................................................ 28 2.2.ii The Arts in Society ............................................................................................................................... 30 2.2.iii Experiencing Art............................................................................................................................... 32 2.3 Reflections ............................................................................................................................................... 35 3 Film Projects and GSJE Pedagogy .................................................................................................................... 36 3.1 SJE Film Projects ...................................................................................................................................... 36 3.1.i SJE Film Projects for Young People ...................................................................................................... 37 3.1.ii OneMinutesJr ...................................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.iii Undersize Me: A GSJE Film .............................................................................................................. 39 3.2 Pedagogy of GSJE ..................................................................................................................................... 42 3.2.i SJE Arenas ...........................................................................................................................................
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