Texas Revolution Texas Revolution Notes & Exit Ticket(s) • Complete the Texas Revolution Research Notes • You will need notebook paper for your formative assessment Why did the Battle of Gonzales take place? Battle of Gonzales • Mexican government wanted a cannon returned. Texans refused- made a flag- ‘Come and Take It’ • Known as the ‘Lexington’ of the Texas Revolution (First shots fired) • Proved the Texans were willing to use military force against Mexico Gonzales cannon • 21.5’’ long • 69 lbs. Compare & Contrast these Two Battles Battle of Battle of Lexington Similarities Gonzales Battle of Lexington Battle of Gonzales • April 19, 1775 • October 2, 1835 • Lexington, Massachusetts • Gonzales, Texas • 1st battle of American • 1st battle of the Texas Revolution. Revolution. • Fought over possession of • Fought over possession of weapons arsenal (Rifles & weapons (Cannon). ammunition). • Texan army was made up of • American army was made up volunteers. of volunteers. • Texan colonists won the battle • American colonists won the giving them confidence that battle giving them confidence the could defeat the larger that they could defeat the more powerful Mexican army. larger more powerful army of Great Britain. Capture San Antonio de Bexar • After the Battle of Gonzales, volunteers head up to San Antonio to kick the Mexican army out. • Ben Milam believed that a victory at San Antonio was vital to the independence of Texas & would encourage Texans to continue to fight. • General Martin Perfecto de Cos was in San Antonio with approximately 750 troops. • “Who will go with old Ben Milam into San Antonio?” About 300 men volunteered to go with him. • Ben Milam decided to attack the Mexican troops. Battle lasted 4 days. On the 3rd day Milam is killed. In 4 days of fighting the Texans lost only 2 men & reported 21 wounded (casualties) • General Cos surrenders Dec.10, 1835. – Surrender terms – Required all Mexican soldiers to move south of the Rio Grande – General Cos promises that he would never fight against the Texas colonists again (lies) • Santa Anna is extremely angry. Personally marches thousands of Mexican troops into Texas to put an end to the rebellion. Texans didn’t think he would march his troops in the winter. He is headed to the Alamo in San Antonio. 1836 Convention • Location: Washington-on-the Brazos • # of Delegates : 59 - decide Santa Anna is never going to reinstate the Mexican federal Constitution of 1824 • Document approved: Texas Declaration of Independence Texas Declaration of Independence •March 2, 1836 (Texas Independence Day) • Written by George C. Childress • Grievances (Complaints) • Stated that Mexico denied them the rights guaranteed by the Mexican Constitution of 1824 • Stated Texans were deprived of freedoms they were used to from the U.S. Constitution The Provisional ‘temporary’ Government • Delegates at 1836 Convention felt it was not safe to Lorenzo De Zavala hold public elections • set up a David Burnett provisional (temporary) • David Burnett -ad interim President government • Lorenzo de Zavala - ad interim vice-president Sam Houston Chosen as the Commander of the Texas Army • Free African American • Helped negotiate peace treaty with the Cherokee during the Texas Revolution so they would stay neutral. • Consisted of 4 ships • Brought supplies to the Texan army • Cut off supply lines to Mexican troops by controlling the coastal waters of Texas Texas Revolution Notes & Exit Ticket(s) Part A • Create a timeline & put the battles in chronological order. Color/outline Texan victories in blue & Mexican victories in red. Date: Feb. 23 – Mar. 6, 1836 To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World: Fellow citizens & compatriots—I am besieged, by a thousand or more of the Mexicans under Santa Anna—I have sustained a continual Bombardment & cannonade for 24 hours & have not lost a man. The enemy has demanded a surrender at discretion, otherwise, the garrison are to be put to the sword, if the fort is taken—I have answered the demand with a Commander of the Alamo cannon shot, & our flag still waves proudly from the William B. Travis sends walls. I shall never surrender or retreat. Then, I call on several letters out from the you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism & everything dear to the American character, to come Alamo requesting to our aid, with all dispatch—The enemy is receiving reinforcements reinforcements daily & will no doubt increase to three or four thousand in four or five days. If this call is neglected, I am determined to sustain myself as long as possible & die like a soldier who never forgets what is due to his own honor & that of his country—Victory or Death. -William Barret Travis The Alamo • James Bowie, Davy Crockett & at least 189 others(?) will die defending the Alamo Even though the Texans lost the events at the Alamo inspired other Texans to carry on the struggle for freedom. Artist picture of Alamo 1836 Alamo- 1906 Alamo- Present day Battle of Coletto • Date: March 19-20 1836 • James Fannin is commander of the Texan troops at Goliad • Fannin gets orders from Sam Houston to retreat toward Victoria. Battle of Coletto • Gets surrounded by Mexican troops led by General Urrea & surrenders. • Approximately 7 Texans were killed & 60 wounded Goliad Massacre • Fannin surrenders to General Urrea • Condition of surrender (accounts vary) Urrea assured Fannin that they would be released in the United States • Colonel James Fannin & his troops are executed by order of Santa Anna Runaway Scrape • Texan army was short on troops, guns, ammunition, & supplies. • Sam Houston hears about the fall of the Alamo when he is at Gonzales. Orders a retreat & burns the town of Gonzales. • Many other settlers also began to move eastward, away from Santa Anna’s approaching army. Texas Revolution Notes & Exit Ticket(s) Part B The Battle of San Jacinto is approaching. • Create an original flag that will be taken into battle. • Give a description of what your flag means Battle of San Jacinto “Remember Goliad!” “Remember the Alamo!” Battle of San Jacinto • Date: April 21, 1836 • Commander of the Texas Army: Sam Houston • Commander of the Mexican Army: Santa Anna • # of Texas soldiers - 900 (9 dead) # of Mexican soldiers – 1200 (600 + dead) • Mexico was defeated in 18 minutes San Jacinto Monument = Largest column monument in the world. Washington monument- 555’ San Jacinto monument- 567’ The monument is topped with a 220-ton star that commemorates the site of the Battle of San Jacinto, the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. The monument, constructed between 1936 and 1939 and dedicated on April 21, 1939. Treaty of Velasco • May 14th 1836 • 2 Treaties signed by Santa Anna & David Burnett ‘officially ending’ the Texas Revolution Public Treaty • Declared Texas independent from Mexico Treaty of Velasco stated….. Public Treaty • Mexican army had to return to Mexico • Prisoners would be exchanged • Santa Anna would be sent back to Mexico Private Treaty Santa Anna would persuade Mexican leaders to recognize Texas independence & acknowledge the Rio Grande as the border between Texas & Mexico the Republic of Texas These are Coahuila y Tejas the (Before the borders Revolution) that Texans will claim as the new Republic of Texas after the Revolution is over (Pick an event) Which event on The reason why ___________ the notes was the happened was because of most significant ________. If ________ hadn’t (important)? Why? happened, then ____________ may have (3 complete sentences) occurred. Due to _________ occurring, _______________. If you were a news reporter at The effects of ________ Gonzales what kind of headline would you create for the newspaper? Write a are significant because headline & intro paragraph about this _______________________. event. Because of these outcomes, it is important to Texas history _______________________..