4312 _CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17, -

States except in this, that I believe in an ejectment suit an alien Mr. BATE. It is nearly 5 o'clock, and I ask the Senator if he plaintiff could not recover on the strength of his own title. will give way for a motion? Mr. TELLER. Then let it rest there. Mr. STEWART. That is entirely agreeable to me. There is Mr. CARTER. But there may be other suits than ejectment. not a full Senate now. There may be suits to quiet title. I believe that the man who Mr. BATE. I move that the Senate proceed to the considera­ claims a right under the laws of the United States, and who is tion of executive business. notoriously known not to be qualified to exercise it, should suffer Mr. STEWART. I will retain the floor and address the Senate the plaintiff for defendant, or the other party to the action, to put when the subject comes up again. that question in issue and have it determined. I offer this sug­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Tennessee gestion-- moves that the Senate proceed to the consideration of executive· Mr. NELSON. Will the Senator from Montana allow me to business. interrupt him? The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the con­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Montana sideration of executive business. After five minutes spent in ex· yield? · ecutive session the doors were i·eopened, and (at 5 o'clock p. m.) Mr. CARTER. It is something that I hoped might be accepted the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Wednesday, April 18, 1900, by both sides. I think no violence will be done by allowing the atJ2 o'clock m. question t6 be raised in actions hereafter. Mr. NELSON. Will the Senator allowmetoaskhim a question? Mr., CARTER_. Certainly. NOMINATION. Mr. TELLER. Let me say that the Senator's amendment goes Executive nomination 1·eceived by the Senate April 17, 1900. beyond that. COMMISSIONER FOR A.LA.SKA. Mr. NELSON. I was about to remark that the Senator's amend­ ment is clearly retroactive. If he has only one purpose to sub­ Hiram H. Folsom, of Alaska, to be commissioner in and for th~ serve, you can put it in a few words and say that hereafter no per­ district of Alaska, to reside at Juneau, vice Norman E. Malcolm, son who is not a citizen of the United States or has declared his resigned. intention to become a citizen shall be entitled to locate and to se­ cure a mining claim, and stop with that. CONFIRMATIONS. Mr. STEWART. I wish to suggest to the Senator that before the mining laws are radically changed without the consideration Executfre nom.inations confirmed by the Senate .Ap1·il 17, 1900. of a committee and in a running debate, nobody knowing what is GOVERNOR OF PORTO RICO. done, I propose to be heard at length. I am the author of the Charles H. Allen, of Massachusetts, to be the governor of Porto mining laws now in existence, every one of them. I drew them Rico. with my own hand, after submitting them to the miners, for years. PROMOTIONS IN THE MA.RINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE. I have been chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining for many years. · If there is to be an amendment of the mining laws, Passed Asst. Surg. Thomas B. Perry, of Georgia, to be surgeon it is legitimate that it shall be considered by a committee ap­ in the Marine-Hospital Setvice of the United States. pointed for that purpose. I protest, and I want to be heard, and Passed Asst. Surg. Rell M. Woodward, of Indiana, to be surgeon I shall take some time. There is not time to-day, but I want a in the Marine-Hospital Service of the United States. couple of hours, it may be three hours. I do not propose to have MARSHAL, the ruining laws changed in this way. John B. Robinson, of Pennsylvania, to be marshal of the United Mr. CARTER. There is no objection to the suggestion of the States for the eastern district of Pennsylvania. Senator from Minnesota, unless the Senator from North Dakota objects. • COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS. :Mr. STEWART. I have objection to tinkering with the min­ IsaiahJ. McCottrie, of South Carolina, to be collector of customs ing laws in this irregular way. It is too important. This billre­ for the district of Georgetown, in the State of South Carolina, lates to a civil code, and if we are to drag into it an amendment of the mining laws it should be considered by a committee, and I would not undertake to amend the mining laws without submit­ ting it to the miners, as was done before, sending it out and get­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ting comments on it. It took six years to get the information on TUESDAY, April 17, 1900. which the mining law of 1872 was formed. It was printed every year and thousands of copies sent out, and the result of what The House met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. came in was reprinted and sent out again for six years. To make BE~RY N. COUDEN' D. D. mining laws here when there is a misunderstanding all around, The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap­ to make mining laws in a bill which is a civil code of procedure, proved. I shall protest against, and I want to be heard thoroughly against NA.VAL APPROPRIATION BILL. all interference with the mining laws in this way. Mr. FOSS. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House resolve itself It is perfectly evident that this is to fit a particular suit. Here into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for is the affidavit of Mr. Hubbard, the attorney, offered by the Sen­ the further consideration of the naval appropriation bill; and ator from North Dakota. Mr. Hubbard swears as follows: pending that motion, I would like to ask my colleague upon the Olh'er P. Hubbard, being duly sworn, on oath says that he is a. citizen of other side if we can not agree upon a time to close general debate the United States, an attorney at law, engaged in the practice of his profes­ sion at Nome City, in the Cape Nome mining district, district of Alaska, to-day? United States of America; that he first went to Alaska in the spring of 1898; Mr. CUMMINGS. Mr. Speaker, those of my colleagues who that he is a. member of the law firm of Hubbard. Beeman & Hume, of Nome have used their hour agree with those who have not used their City, Alaska; that the members of the firm arP ::..dwin R. Beeman, formerly hour that the debate should last at least seven hours on our side. a practicing attorney of Minneapolis, Minn., and William I. Hume, formerly a practicing attorney a.t Portland, Oreg., and this atliant, formerly a prac­ Our side demand the full seven hours. If none of them are pre­ ticing attorney at Chicago, Ill. pared to speak, I suppose it would be in order to go on to the bill. Affiant says that the firm of Hubbard, Beeman & Hume are attorneys in Mr. FOSS. Would the gentleman agree to close the debate at a number of mining suits now pending m the United States district court for the district of Alaska; that among others are snits brought to recover 5 o'clock to-night, one half of the time to be controlled by the gen­ the possession of certain mining claims alleged to have been staked by alien tleman from New York [l\Ir, CUMMINGS] and the other half by Laplauders; that these claims were located by American citizens in the myself? months of November and December, 1S!J8. ' Mr. CUMMINGS. I will agree to close the debate at 5 o'clock And so on. He is attorney for these claimants. He has a suit if none of the members of the committee on this side of the House pending in the court, and here is an amendment to win that suit, desire to speak at that time. to take it out of that court or make a new rule for determining The SPEAKER. There has been no request for unanimous it. It is manifestly unjust to make any amendment to the min­ consent. ing laws that has not been considered by a committee. On that Mr. FOSS. I would like, Mr. Speaker, some agreement, if I can I desire to be heard to-morrow. I want a couple of hours so that get it, and I ask unanimous consent to close debate at 5 o'clock I can explain fully the history of the mining laws; and then yon to-night. will see the impropriety of tinkering with such an important sub­ The SPEAKER. · The gentleman from Illinois asks unanimous ject in this irregular way. consent that general debate upon this bill close at 5 o'clock to· Mr. BATE. I suggest the propriety of having the amendment night. printed. Mr. CUMMINGS. On behalf of my colleagues, the minority ot Mr. STEWART. Let the amendment be"printed. the committee, I feel constrained to object. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be ordered The SPEAKER. Objection is made, and the question is on the printed, if there be no objection. The Chair hears no objection. motion of the gentleman from Illinois to go into Committee of 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4313 the Whole House on the state of the Union for the further con- Mr. D.A. YTON. It is not necessary, Mr. Chairman, for us .to sideration of the naval appropriation bill. enter into the details of the individual opinions of members touch- The motion was agreed to. ing some questions. I say to the gentleman that the gentleman Mr. FOSS. Before going into Committee of the Whole, I would from New York [Mr. CUMMINGS], the leader on the other side, like to yield to the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. BoREING]. upon this question, has not signed your minority report; neither The SPEAKER. It is too late. The House has voted to go has the gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. MEYER], who for years into Committee of the Whole. · has been one of the most faithful, attentive, and earnest members Accordingly the House resolved itself into Committee of the of this committee. Whole House on the state of the Union, with Mr. PAYNE in the These gentlemen have for ten, twelve, or fifteen years been chair, for the further consideration of the naval appropriation members of this committee, and these propositions have come be­ bill. ~oret committee time and time again. The gentleman from The CHAIRMAN. The House is now in Committee of the New: ork has held the responsible position of chairman of this Whole House on the state of the Union for the further considera- co mittee when the present minority was in the majority here; tion of an appropriation bill, the title of which the Clerk will re't· a CI I do not understand that on any of these questions he goes to The Clerk read as follows: e extent of disagreeing with the majority of the committee. . A bill (H. R. 10450) making appropriations for the naval service for t But, Mr. Chairman, that is neither here nor there. I recognize fiscal year ending June 30, 1901, and for other purposes. the fact, and stand here to proclaim it, that if the minority is Mr. DAYTON. Mr. Chairman, it seems well to me, sir, that right, no matter how much or how little their experience may be, the acting chairman of the Naval Committee has called the atten- they and their views should be followed, and not OUTS. I want to tion of this House and of the country to the fact that this is thE:l say that the majority of the Naval Committee does not shrink largest appropriation bill on behalf of the American Navy that from meeting any of these questions that are presented; and if we bas ever been presented to a Congress. And it seems well to me can have a fair and full and complete hearing by the members of that the statement should be followed by that other, that larger this House we are prepared to stand or fall upon the merits of appropriations in the future will be req~ire~ by the Navy.than every proposition. even the c;me presented to the :t=rouse at this time. ~ am sat1s~ed And, first, Mr. Chairman, I want to ~all atteuti~n to the ques­ and conv1~ced tha~ the American ~eople realize .thIS, a~d realize tion of building ships in the navy-yards. In reference to that I the necessity for it, because I believe the sentimen~ is abroad wish to say that it is just and proper and right that the members that :upon the Navy depe~~s the defense of the 4me!ica~ peo~le. of this House should bear in mind that we stand here to l.egislate I believe that we are r~ahzmg the fact that that mstitution, with for the country; not for any pa1·ticular individual district. We a. record unparalleled m the past, IS capable and competent, and stand here to protect the United States Treasury. We stand here will be in the f~ture the buhyark of .th_e Amer~can defense. to protect the American people from any unjust discrimination . At the same time, Mr. Chairman, it J~ well for us to call_ atten- against them; and we stand here with the patriotic purpose alway~ t10n to t~e further .fact that the Committee on Naval Aff.aus has in view that we are to build up a navy on sea and not a navy on not outlmed a policy grossly extravagant, bnt one that is made land· that we are to streno-tben that institution which will make n~ces~ary ?Y the ?onditions that confron~ us, and because this in- us r~spected abroad, will ;ustain our dignity in the courts of the stitut~on, m my JUd&"ment, has not rec~1ved at the hands of t~e world, and carry our flag with honor to the four quarters of the American Congr~ss m the past tha:t ~1beral .treatment that it earth. rApplause.] And we, as public ministers, are to see to it should have received. Our appropn!l'tions .this year-and I can that this is done economically, in the interest of the country, as I speak; for every member of ~h~ committee ~1th whom I have been stated, and not in the interest of any particular district. assoc1ated-ha'Ye ~een ~crutm1zed and stud10d as c~refully as any This proposition, Mr. Chairman, resolves itself, then, into this of. th:e appropriation bills that have been bro.u.ght mto the f!:ouse simple question: Is it cheaper, is it more expedient, is it better, i~ withm the five years I have been con~ected with that committee. it more economical for us to build our ships in the American navy­ There has been bu~ one thought, on~ idea, and one purpose, so far yards than to build them by contract? Upon this proposition the as the general policy of th~ C?mmittee :was concerned, and that Naval Committee has given the fairest, the fullest hearings to the bas been to car~fully sc.rutimze every item, thor?ughly unde~- advocates of this measure that, I undertake to say, has ever been stand eve--:y subJect, be mformed upon every proJect and eve1y given by any committee upon any question. We havecalled upon proposed improvement. . . the very bone and sinew of this agitation to come before us. We TheAmerwan Navy, ~r. Chaii;man, speaks for itself to-day. It have listened to those whose ambition in life is to carry this propo­ has a very p_roud record m the hLStory of t~e world, a rec~rd th'.1-t sition through. ev~ryr Ameri~an, .lie_ he Democrat, Repubhcan, or Populist, will I think I make no misstatement when I say that the naval con- reJOice to mamtam m thefuture. There has been, unfortunately, b d b' · - h · h' d" presented for the first time from the Naval Committee a minority structor,_actuated ya 1au ..ab. 1 e am ition wh1c IS to iH ere it, report upon some of the questions involved. Earnestly seeking has no higher hope o~ aspuat10n than that he may co~trol the and desiring to obtain a solution of these questions, and recogniz- la~d -part of the ~merica:r;i N~vy,_ that he may have chaige of the ing that it 1s natural for men to disagree and hold different opin- bmldmg 11 ~ of this great mst~tution, and th~t ~11 the W

the only parties heard, and the only parties who pushed this mat­ charge to another account. I know in the building of one of the monitors at ter, were the naval constructors themselves. Mare Island that ver; course was a.dopt.ed. l\Ir. WHEELER of Kentucky. Oh, yes; the members of this ~i.r&~~~~13ut \h~~ev~~!t~thh~t~~!f~:1: of the foremen at one or lobby did not appear before the committee. But does the gentle­ two of the navy-yards, the men who have been in charge of practical work, man mean to say that he was not aware that the great shipbuild­ and they very strongl;v recommend not tile building of battle ships or cruisers, ing firms of the United States had their representatives here to or anything of that kmd, but to start in on building small vessels for the pur­ interview members of the committee? f~~~~~~fi%~r~p steady employm:nt, and in that way being able to retain Mr. DAYTON. I never heard of it. Secretary LONG. I think you would find it would result even then that just Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Then the gentleman is not as ns soon as your work is finished you have a thousand men to be discharged. potential on the committee as I thought, because every other mem­ That, Mr. Chairman, is the statement of the Secretary of the ber of the committee knew the fact. Navy himself. Mr. DAYTON. I presume my friend from Kentucky will ap­ Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Will the gentleman permit an preciate as I proceed how much potentiality or how little I may inquiry, or rather a correction of a statement? be able to claim in this matter. Mr. DAYTON. Of a statement that I have made? But, Mr. Chairman, that is not here or there. Let me say that Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Yes. not a single man, either shipbuilder or an:ybody else, ever dis­ Mr. DAYTON. Certainly. cussed the matter, so far as I know, with sinister motives, with or Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. I would ask if the hearings to before the committee; and if they discussed it with my friend which my colleague refers, in the questions propounde.d by me to from Kentucky, I undertake to say that it was by an accident. the Secretary of the Navy, they were not propounded upon the Now, let me call your attention to this matter a little more care­ 1·esponse of Admiral Hichborn that we were two years behind fully. And first, I wish to take the views of the Secretary of the with our work on these vessels in repairs? · Navy himself, as expressed before the committee, and I ask the Mr. DAYTON. I was going to refer to that matter and other House to listen to this carefully. It was brought out incidentally matters as I proceeded with the discussion. by the gentleman from Kentucky himself in making some inqui­ I will refer to Admiral Hichborn's own statement in a moment. ries of the Secretary of the Navy. I propose now to read the tes­ Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. But there is no such statement timony of the ~ecretary upon this very question. in Admiral Hichborn's testimony that we were two years behind. In the hearings upon the increase in the Navy, not upon this Mr. DAYTON. I understand that exactly, and I propose that subject but upon an entirely different one, this colloquy occurred: the House shall have the benefit of Admiral Hichborn's statement, Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Can I ask the Secretary a question on an en· because I propose that the House shall know the facts. It will be tirely different line? I do not know whether you care to express an opinion borne in mind by the members of the House that Admiral Hich­ npon it or not, but, if you do not, that is a matter entirely with yourself. born stands at the head of the construction corps and is in charge There has been a suggestion before the eommittee. and we are to have a hear­ ing in a short time, as to the feasibility a.nd desirability of constructing some of that Bureau. I read from page 7 of the hearing: of our ships in our own yards. What do you thmk of that suggestion? The CHAIRMAN. Navy-ya.rd, Boston, Ma.ss., Construction and Improve· men.ts. That is the S.'lme as last year. ~~;~:~!ck~!~· t~~r:~ j~fo1;s~ioi\~ t~en~~~~!aj!~~~~!i:os1t: Admiral HicHBORN. Yes; I thought it was better to get the same each the next place, I think it is not desira'tle to introduce into our navy-yards year. I understand every one of these navy·yard.s has got more than they someth.L'lg which is not permanent and continuous. There is a great desire can do at the present time. We have work at the navy-yards where orders among the laboring men in our navy-yards that we shall build these ships in are more than a. year old now. . them, but that will not increase the general employment of labor at a.ll, be­ cause if the labor is not emJ?loyed in the yards it will be employed outside, That is the statement. I said two years. The admiral's state­ etc. I think, too, that there is more danger of a navy-yard becoming a factor in politics if the number of employees is so largely increased as it would be ment was that they had orders for repairs unfulfilled more than if shipbuilding we:re added to repairing. a year old. He further says: If we build a. ship at New York, we must build one at Norfolk, and there will be a pressure to build one at Boston, and one at Mare Island, and one at All of these yards are running full, and next year we want to put the ships Philadelphia, and one at Port Royal and Key West and Portsmouth. Then in condition. will follow a.demand for new buildings, machinery, plant, etc. If you start a ship at any one of these places, you must employ a great many men, and as Mr. GAINES . .Are they employed on home work or foreign soon as it IS finished all these must be discharged, and then there is trouble, work? especially for you. On the other hand, in the business of repairing ships, Mr. DAYTON. Ob, my dear sir, I supposed it was known to there is regular, steady employment. lreally think it is a great deal better every child 10 years old that our Government navy-yards do not in the interest of labor as it is. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. If you will pardon me, I was directing my work on fo1·eign vessels. They are running full, and we have 42 question to the point as to whether or not it would be for the best interests vessels to-day that are awaiting repairs. of th~ Government. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. The gentleman refers to the Secretary LONG. It is shown in the cases of the Cincinnati and Raleigh and the Maine that it cost twice as much per ton. Government navy-yards. Mr. CUMMINGS. And takes twice as long to build? Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts and Mr. DRIGGS rose. Secretary LONG. Yes. Mr. DAYTON. Mr. Chairman, I want to follow this logically, Mr. DAYTON. And do you not also from the contractors get a. good class of shills? if I can; and inasmuch as there are so many gentlemen who want Secretary Lmm. There is no better ship than the Olympia or tho Oregon. to be heard at once, they will pardon me until I can get through Mr. DAYTON. Do you not think we have a. better opportunity to get a bet­ with my statement. Then I will answer their questions. ter class of ships by reason of the private engineers working with the Gov­ ernment engineers? Mr. GAINES. I should like to ask a question right on that Secretary LONG. We certainly get good ships. point. Mr. METCALF. May I be permitted to ask a question here? Do you think Mr. HOPKINS. It looks as though they wanted to make it is not advisable that some of these gunboats authorized by Congressshould speeches in your time. be built at the navy-yards? As an illustration, you have discharged a num­ ber of men from the navy-yards for lack of work, and is it not desirable to Mr. DAYTON. This is in my time, and I want to complete this always keep on hand the best skilled labor we can g-et in the navy-yards? statement, because I want the House to have the facts. I never Secretary LONG. I think it is. have sought any partisan discussion of these questions. I have Mr. METCALF. It sometimes happens that there is not enou~.h work in the repair of ships. For !nstance, if they had a gunboat or smau cruiser-for never made a speech to this Honse that my purpose bas not been instance, 3,000 or 4,000 tons-they could work on, you would keep these men to info1·m it of the, facts which my position on this committee employeda.ll the time? enabled me to find out. Secretary LONG. But if we have a. gi·eat increase in the Navy we will have a. great increase in repair, and there will be steady employment necessitated Now, Mr. Chairman, I call attention to the fact that not only by the repair of ships. has Admiral Hichborn stated these things-and I will not quote Mr. METCALF. Would it not have a tendency, if the Government started his exact language, but state here now the general outline of bis in on that policy, to do away with any combinations on the part of large ship­ builders in the United States? statements before us, subject to the con-ection of my friends in opposition. I say Admiral Hichborn, standing at the head of this And I ask gentlemen to pay particular attention to this t.esti­ constructors' corps, has admitted these pertinent facts: First, that mony, as I shall have occasion to refer to it again later on: the construction of ships in our navy-yards will cost more; second, Secretary LONG. There are so many of them now-there are so many large that the difficulty of obtaining material promptly to meet the do­ shipbuilders that it is safe to say there hardly could be a combination. mands of this construction are almost insurmountable. Let me 1\Ir. DAYTON. You remember Admiral Hichborn said they were now two years behind in repairing? explain what that means. Every one of you will realize the force Secretary Loso. Yes. ·of it, ahd he himself has stated that it is almost impossible to cor­ Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. In view of the large requests ma.de by the different rect it, and that the present system is the only one that can be departments for increased buildings and increased machinery at different adopted by the Government. navy-yards for the purpose of carrying on the necessary repairs. do ¥OU think it would be advisable for them to liave machinery there to build ships? A meaber of a private shipyard firm can go, for instance, ton. Secretary LONG. I think you would be called upon at once for an immense steel manufacturer when he wants 20 tons or a thousand tons of ~~cfia~"~~lour buildings and for new tools and machinery, and everything steel in a hurry and he can buy it in twenty-four hours. Tho Mr. METC.ALF. Just in regard to the cost of building these vessels at navy­ Government can not do that. It would be a dangerous l>ower to yards, is it not dne to a very large extent to system of charging up the ac­ place in the bands of any constructor to allow him to go and buy counts? his material without any check upon it. He must make his reqni· Secretary LONG. That may enter into it; I can not say. . Mr. METCALF. I know this to be a. fact, that in soma of onr yards, when sition to the Department. The delay, the time necessary to pnr· they have exhausted the appropriation or something of that kind, they will chase that material, is. according to the statement of Admiral 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD .. -HOUSEo 4315

Hichborn, a very great trouble and a very great objection . . And · in building them ourselves, simply because if we let them to some yet we are bound-- private individual, some citizen, some American, under a God­ :Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts. I just want to ask the given right to get the best he can, will make a profit by doing the gentleman a question. work? It seems to me that .an answer to that a1·gnment is not Mr. DAYTON. My friend, I can not yield now. I amrightin necessary to be made by anyone. the middle of my explanation of this question. You can see that. Seventh. ''The indirect charges in commercial practice~ which I mean no discourtesy to you. make a large percentage of cost, are not included, because they Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts. All right. are already provided and are maintained for other purposes, viz: Mr. DAYTON. You ean not buy your material, you can not Interest on plant, taxes, insurance, depreciation and care of prol>' take advantilge of market rates, as a private fiI·m can. Here is erty, large proportion of office and organization expense." steel or any other material necessary to build these ships that to- · I want to say to yon gentlemen that that is more than met by day may be bought for such a price, so that you can obtain alarge the fact that in any calculation had we must take into considera­ quantity of stores for the future. Under our Government regu- tion the fact that in order to maintain this shipbuilding in our Iations the Government can not do that. navy-yai·ds we are taking away from the Na;vy these men who are It is the old, old difficulty that stands in the way of the Govern- educated by this Government from boyhood up, and that for one ment becoming a manufacturer-of the Government embarking purpose-to fight at sea, and not to build institutions on land. in something that is not a legitimate purpose and object of gov- The salaries of these officers are·not made to enter into these emment. You may as well say, if you build our ships in Govern- items, and yet we are paying them year after year, not for the ment shipyards, th.at· you may go down to the State of my friend purpose of building up a land navy, but for the pUI'pose of send­ from Kentucky and buy a blue-grass farm and raise the grass nee- ing these men and officers to sea; and in that connection let me· essary for the horses that shall be employed in the shipyards; call attention to the fact that we have a scarcity of officers that that you may go to the mountains of West Virginia and purchase is simply appalling and which must be met by wise, careful, coal lands and mine the coal necessary to run the vessels, or go thorough provision made by this Honse and by the Senate. somewhere and buy land to raise the corn and wheat that shall Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts, Will the gentleman permit a furnish the m.tions of the sailo1·s. question? Constructor Hichborn has further shown in his hearing, has Mr. DAYTON. I will. further admitted, first, that the cost will be greater; second, that Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. In view of the great scarcity the difficulty in procuring the material will be almost insurmount- of officera which the gentleman ·alludes to, will the gentleman able; third, that the repairs necessary to be done upon om· ves- give the reason for the proposition to transfer the Coast and Geo­ sels are running om· shipyards full force and that to-day they are detic Survey from the civilian management into the Naval Depart- at least a year and more behindhand. ment? Now, there are two or three other reasons, Mr. Chairman, why Mr. DAYTON. You will hear about the Coast and Geodetic this will not do, and I want to refer to the hearing of Constructor Survey in due time, and you will hear from the unanimous com­ Bowles. Constructor Bowles has given an analytical hearing mittee upon that, and in a. way, I think, that will entirely en­ upon this question, and he sets forth nine reasons for and nine lighten the House; and I am sure it will enlighten the gentleman reasons against building the Rhips in the Government yards. I from Massachusetts, knowing his well-known reputation for fair­ want to call attention to some of those reasons for, and then I ness. The gentleman will pardon me for not taking up that want to call attention to what Constructor Bowles himself. who branch of the question until I reach it. is the strongest and the most earnest advocate of it, says against l\Ir. .MOODY of Massachusetts. Certainly. it. He says~ Mr. FITZGERALD of New York. Will the gentleman allow First. "Maintains efficiency of force and plant.'' me a question? That is the first reason. Now, I say men have different views Mr. DAYTON. Certainly. about that. My feeling may be a little pessimistic when I say 1tfr. FITZGERALD of New York. Does the gentleman intend that this Government never undertakes to build anything-a house, to intimate that the lack of officers is due to the fact that the con­ a navy-yard, or any branch of work-on its own account without structors are kept from sea duty by work at the yards? it pays more and has mora difficulties with its building than it 1\fr. DAYTON. Not all of them. E-veryyard has its constructor, does when it builds under contract. He says: and the reason why they do not have mo1·e constructors is because Second. "It renders repair work more economic and rapid." the number is limited. That is entirely answered, I think, when we are behindhand in Mr. FITZGERALD of New York. Does the gentleman know our repairs, when we have more repairs to do to-day th:m we can that it was stated before the committee that there are more con­ possibly perform in a. year. We are building more ships, and structors inspecting work in private yards than are engaged in these repairs will constantly increase and grow as the years go by. the Government yards? The only argument based on this second ground was that as the Mr. DAYTON. I know the statement was made, but it is not work under repaii's gets slack the men can be put on the building borne out by the record. of a ship; but when repairs are not slack, when everyman is kept Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts. Will the gentleman from busy in repair work, then the consequence of placing of ships in West Virginia yield? our navy-yards to construct would be either one of two things. Mr. DAYTON. I can not yield any further. We would have to increase the capacity of the plant, and increase Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts. I want to make a cor- largely the force of men, or else these ships will remain there rection of the gentleman's statement. unbuilt for years and years, because the repair work must first Mr. DAYTON. If I have made a misstatement, the House will be accomplished. hear from it, because there are some very able members on the The third proposition "will reduce the amount of repair work minority who will follow me. If I have made a misstatement, it by removing the necessity for maintenance of force." . has not been pw·posely made. I submit that no man can see the force of the reasoning in the Now they say the cost of inspection is saved. l\Ir. Chairman, constructor's statement on this point. It is so involved as to be I can not understand how that argument could come from any­ groundless. body but a. naval officer. The cost of inspection will be saved, Fourth. "Maintains a standard of workmanship and design on and yet that is one of the very strong arguments in favor of pri- basis of practical experience." vate yards. Why? I say to you and to this House, and it seems That is answered to-day by the fact that we have the best work- to me it will appeal to the reason and common sense, that one of men of America in the navy-yards for the repair wo1·k. the great advantages of buildin~ a ship at a. private yard is the li'ifth. "It provides training for the men who must inspect the fact that the private yard has its engineer, and the Government contractor's work." has its engineer, or inspector, or constructor. I want to say in answer to that, gentlemen, this corps of con- The two stand side by side together, they interchange ideas, structors who are educated by this Government are constantly they modify each other's plans, they attend to the minutest detail engaged in inspection work now, and why they should be better in the construction of the ship, and I want to say to you that some educated in the Government yards, where the same work wonld of the very best improvements that have been made upon the plans be going on, than they wonld be as inspectors in the private of ships that have been built have not come from those who orig­ yards, where they are now located, is beyond my knowledge. So inally worked out the plans in the Department, they have not come that argument, it seems to me, is utterly futile. alone from the Government constructors, but have come from the Sixth. ''No profit to be made." interchan~e of these ideas and suggestions made necessary by these What boots it my friends whether a profit can be made in th~ combinations of the company's private engineer and the Govern­ private shipyards if they can construct these vessels and make a ment's constructor. We get a better product in consequence of it. profit, and yet do it cheaper than he himself confesses it can be Lastly, he says '"the cost of the trial trip is saved." Well, I do done in the navy-yards? Has it come to this, sir, that the forces not deem it necessary to refer to as trivial a reason as that. Now, of this Government are to be aligned against private enterprises let us see what the constructor himself contends, a partisan for of this country, and we are to pay thousands and hundreds of building ships in American yards. Let us see what he admits-­ thousands of dollars more for the finished products of the Navy ltll'. WHEELER of Kentucky. Will the gentleman allow me?

• 4316 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17,

Mr. DAYTON. Certainly. it so much, and had it so often before us. That is the auestionof :Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. l would like to have the gentle­ what we shall pay for armor plate. In the first place, -1 want to man state what authority he has to say that the constructor of call the attention of the House to what armor is-what the term the United States Navy is anymore a partisan in the construction means. We sometimes lo:>e our bearings in the discussion of of ships, for he is a Government official and supposed to be moved these questions by not comprehending the simpler propositions by patriotic motives, than the gentleman is himself who advo­ involved. cates the construction of ships in private yards. It is said that the diamond is the hardest substance in the world Mr. DAYTON. It comes from the advocacy of it for years. and that it consists simply of pure carbon crystallized. Armor The reputation of Constructor Bowles, who stands at the height plate is nothing in the world except an effort to diamondize or of his profession, and who has a reputation that he may well be carbonize steel. Armor plate is rendered so hard that no other proud of, has always been in favor of this proposition, and he has substance can cut it, no other substance can act upon it. In the been the leading advocate of it. manufacture of armor there are a vast number of matters of de­ Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. But why call him a pa1·tisan? tail that we can hardly comprehend. You may take a watch Mr. DAYTON. I used the word not in its offensive sense, not spring-the old, familiar illustration of the watch spring-the ma­ in its political sense, but in the sense of champion, which I will terial of the manufacture means but a trifling per cent of its value; substitute for it. and when we compare the price with the value of the matel'ial we Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. That is better. wonder where the cost is. Mr. DAYTON. Now, he admits the cumbersome system of de­ No man can fully comprehend the armor-plate business until he sign and management of independent bureaus. I do not care to goes to one of these factories and studies the process stage by stage, enter into a discussion, but there he stands in opposition to such step by step, and sees the reason.why it is so costly-sees the dan­ men as Admiral O'Neil, Admiral Melville, and Admiral Endicott, ger of loss in various directions and in different forms that springs men whose judgment certainly i<:J entitled to as much weight as up on all sides, and takes into consideration in connection with his, as to the advantage of having independent bureaus, and hav­ that the vast capital involved in the manufacture of the :finished ing different men engaged in different specific work, interchang­ plate. ing ideas and meeting together in a board and discussing all these Now, I want to call attention to the fact that no man can tell propositions, instead of having one man encumbered with all these what the exact cost of a pi;irticular armor plate may be. One may scientific and abstruse matters. Then he says wages are 30 per cost one sum; another may cost another sum. One may come out cent and 40 per cent higher. a finished product; the other may not-it may be defective. Third. Boy and unskilled labor is not used to advantage on account of Hundreds of plates may be defective in a given run; one only artificial restrictions of labor board. may be perfect. All of these things are to be taken into considera­ tion in the determination of the question of cost. In setting forth this consideration he points out the fact that Another thing is the fact that because of the many improve­ private shipyards are enabled to give employment, and suitable, ments, modifications, and changes that have been made in the proper employment, to a large numbef of boys that the Govern­ making up of armor plate it is impracticable to utilize the old ma­ ment under our system can not employ; and that shipyards, run chinery that answered the purpose two or three years ago, except by their own methods, are able to employ a large number of un­ to a very limited extent. These things have made changes in that skilled laborers that we are not permitted to employ under our machinery entirely necessary. As an illustration·, I might cite law and regulations for the employment of men in the service. that I know of one armor-plate factory in which stands a machine Then he speaks of the eight hours' work a day in Government that cost a round million of dollars, which is absolutely worthless yards against ten in private establishments. now except for the bare raw material contained in it. Fifth. Seven holidays with full pay. Mr. RIDGELY. Will the gentleman allow me to interrupt him Sixth. Purchase of material by the Navy system involves delay and extra for a auestion? ~~ . Seventh. Outside plants are better arranged, and no restrictions are Mr. "DAYTON. I hope the gentleman will not interrupt me placed on the utilization of space to the best advantage. here. He bas interrupted us all on these propositions. I think it Eii?hth. Per diem compensation is used where piecework is economical. wholly desirable that the House shou1d have an opportunity of Ninth. No guaranty of performance under contract conditions. hearing the discussion and being informed as far as pmcticable Now, I want to refer to this last point-" no guaranty of per­ upon these questions. Of course I do not mean any discourtesy formance under contract conditions." Suppose you build a battle in refusing, but I think the House ought to have the information ship in an American navy-yard-a Government yard. You may which has come into the possession of the members of the com­ spend 86,000,000 upon it; you may armor it; you may start it out mittee. upon the sea, and it may turn over and go to the bottom, in which Another thing, Mr. Chairman. This question is based simply case every dollar of your six millions is gone. upon this foundation, and can only be based upon it: First, On the other hand, when you build your ship by private con­ whether this Government can manufacture its own armor plate tract, the Government has the bond of the contractor that the cheaper than it qan purchase it from private contractors; and the ship, in speed and material, in an that makes the finished product, same propositions and the same elements enter into this to acer­ shall come up to the conditions of the contract. And then it must tain extent that entered into the question of building ships in our go to sea and be put upon trial. As the poet Kipling has said, own shipyards. It is not merely necessary to build the armor­ "The bolts and bars must wrench themselves together;" they plate factory for the purpose of manufacturing the armor, but must fit themselves together until they sing the sweet music of a there are other important elements which gentlemen seem to over­ battle ship fully equipped, entire and complete, prepared to carry look. the American flag to the four quarters of the world. If the ship The connection between the factory and the steel mills and upon its trial should turn over-if there should appear any defect works is just as close and just as important•s anything can pos­ or fault in the construction-the Government loses not a dollar, sibly be in any branch of manufacture. We must have, some­ not a cent. The Government has its bond, its contract, and the where, a point where we can obtain the ore-the ingot, the raw loss is upon the contractor. material-in its cheaper stages. We talk of the gun factory here Now, .Mr. Chairman, I have pointed out that the majority of at Washington with so much pride. I doubt, sir, if there is a. this committee bas been actuated in opposing this measure by the member of this House who compr-ehends the fact that that factory considerations-fast, that it is more costly; second, that it will could not run a day or an hour even unless the material were pre­ take a longer time to build a ship under this proposed system; pared and furnished by one of our steel works in an unfinished third, we shallnot get asgoodaship,'and lastly, we sha11 not have condition and that the gun factory simply takes it and finishes it, any guaranty against loss in case the ship should turn out to be rounding it out, to the completed gun ready for service. not a verfect vessel. Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. The preliminary work being done It seems to me-and I say it with all deference and all kindness by private individuals. to gentlemen on the other side-that these reasons are very much Mr. DAYTON. Yes; .by private ente1·pTise. Private enter· like those of the lawyer who came into court and said that he had prise furnishes one-half, and we do only the finishing of the work. thirteen reasons why his client did not appear that morning to To build an armor-plate factory, therefore, without having the answer the charge against him. Said he, "The first is that my necessary steel mills to supply the raw material would be to build client is dead." At that point the com·tinterrupted him and said, simply the top and leave the bottom incomplete. It would be "You need not state the other twelve reasons." It seems to me simply an establishment without the steel works or the mi1ls to that any one of the reasons I have cited is sufficient for us in de­ take the crude product and put it into shape for the armor-plate ciding against this proposition upon its merits, and not actuated factory to work upon; and does any gentleman suppose, without by any selfish motive or purpose to build up any yard in any dis- these mills or works, that we could undertake to manufacture trict. · plates at any price at which they may be bought in the markets But, Mr. Chairman, I want to talk for a little while about the of the world to-day? other proposition that has caused so much discussion and so much I take one of the great armor-plate factories: The steel mills question upon the floor of this House-a question that has become, they have in connection with the other processes w.hich are nec­ I fear, somewhat wearisome, because we have read and studied essary to the manufacture of the armor plate extend miles and

• 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4317- cover acres. I am informed that they own the ore in the moun- was not that they furnished plates that were deficient under the tain side, the railroad that carries the ore to the steel works; they lowest term of the contract, but they were fined for furnishing own the blast furnaces, or smelting works, that separate the iron plates that were 5 per cent better than the minimum requirement and the clay, and then they own the rolling mills that prepare it, of the contract. the molds in which it is molded, and carry the whole process Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. But the plates were full of blow- through this miles of works until it comes out the finished prod- holes. uct of armor plate, ready for the battle ships; and yet we are told Mr. DALZELL. Oh, no; not full of blow holes-- that the Government is to undertake all of this; that it should own Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. And this man Schwab who is the mills, the railroads that transport it, the steel works, the now president of the Carnegie Company was general manager of smelting wo1·ks, the rolling mills, and all of that, fa order to en- it at that time. able the Government to manufacture a few tons of armor plate. Mr. DALZELL. Later on I will show the gentleman the record Now, these armor-plate factories went into this business at the on that subject. suggestion of the Government. Once they declined, but at the Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. I have the record. continued requests of the Government they undertook it, and yet Mr. DAYTON. And the Secretary of the Navy said they did from that day to this they have been assailed in character in every not do any harm, and there was a difference of opinion whether statement they have made and have been abused and vilified they constituted defects or not. simply because they say they are not making unfair or undue Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. He fined them $200,000 for it, profit on the manufacture of armor plate, but because it costs 1 a11 the sam~. what it does, and because it costs largely in excess of whatunedu- The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. cated members of Congress seem to think it ought to cost-and I :Mr. FOSS. I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman may speak without any reflection upon the House or upon any mem- finish his remarks. . ber of the House, for we can not go into all of the questions of Mr. WHEELER oi Kentucky. It comes out of the time on the technical detail involving this manufacture. I say because it other side, of course. I should be glad to have the gentleman's costs more than Congress seems to think it should cost, these peo- time extended, but I suppose it will come out of the time on that ple are accused of making an inordinate and unreasonable profit. side. And yet, as was pointed out by the gentleman from Pennsyl- Mr. DAYTON. There is no fixed limit of time. vania yesterday evening, they offer to sell the plate factories to The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request that the this Government for the mere cost-the absolute cost. And the gentleman be allowed to conclude his remarks? proposition for the sale was further coup1ed with an offer to place There was no objection. it-that is, to build the factory-at such point as the Government Mr. DAYTON. Now, I want to say here that it hasbeenascer- might determine; in other words, to set it up anywhere that the tained since that time in the manufacture of the Krupp armor Government might desire. that these "blowholes" that are spoken of are no disadvantage, I have heard this statement made over and over again, that the and I might as well state that the Krupp armor is full of them in Government should build its own armor-plate factory, even if effect. they do not manufacture a ton of armor," in order to punish" Mr. VANDIVER. Will the gentleman allow a question? these people! Mr. DAYTON. Yes; certainly.. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. May I ask the gentleman a ques- Mr. VANDIVER. In view of the statement that the gentleman tion there? has just made, I should like to have him turn to the report of the Mr. DAYTON. Yes; if the gentleman will please not consume committee that investigated that matter and show this House on any more of my time than possible. what ground he bases his statement that the fault lay in the Gov- Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Will the gentleman from West ernment inspector, and, secondly, the other statement that the Virginia please tell the House if either of the armor-plate factories plates were not defective, but were better than contracted for, as has ever furnished to the Government any admittedly reasonable stated by the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. DALZELL]. data to establish the large cost which theyclaimforatonof armor Mr. DAYTON. I want to say to mycolleague that that would plate; and if such information has been furnished, where may it necessarily involve my stopping in my remarks here and going to be found? look over that report. He understands that it is not indexed, but Mr. DAYTON. Oh, Mr. Chairman, I never went to a tailor in if he will read it I am sure that he will find the fact as I state. my life to buy a suit of clothes but what I asked him his price. Now, Mr. Chairman, I want to go on. Here is the proposition in But I never undertook to call upon him to give me explicit data its bald nakedness. We stand here Congress after Congress rais­ as to the cost of the various items entering into that suit of clothes. ing this same hue and cry against the armor-plate manufacturer8 I did not ask him to tell me what the thread would cost, what the in the teeth of the facts, first, that they have offered to sell out to buttons would cost, what the coat tails would cost, what the tail- us their armor-plate factories, set them up, and furnish the men oring would cost, or all of the other items entering into the make-up to run. them for the bare cost that it bas been to them; second, of the suit. [App!ause and laughter.] • that we have had the expert Admiral O'Neil at the head of this And I hope the time will never come when American states- Bureau for one solid year collecting information in regard to this, men dealing with these questions from the standpoint of honest, 1 and he has come in with his report and stated to us substantially honorable men, and dealing with honorable men, will expect any that we can not manufacture armor plate any cheaper than, if as manufacturer or any dealer in any article to get down into these cheap as, we buy it, if we take an armor-plate factory and build little details simply to gratify what seems to me an impertinent it. And if you will make the calculation yourselves and take all curiosity. that is involved in it, the risk, the expense, the capital involved, Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. May I ask my colleague one the doubt of obtaining material, the control of the secret, and all other question? the other elements that enter into it, I want to say to you that in l\Ir. DAYTON. Yes; you may. my judgment, if you will fairly and diRpassionately give one Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. The gentleman seems to accen- month's time to the study of the question, you will reach the con­ tuate the fact that these men are of incorruptible integrity. Will clusion that every ton of armor plate that this Government will he state to the House that they have been convicted of fraud prac- manufacture will cost not less than $800 and possibly a thousand ticed upon the· Federal Government, the same men who are now dollars. Mark you, that is my view about it, and I am honest and - expected to engage in the manufacture of this armor plate for the candid in it, although I may be mistaken. Government? Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. The price is going up all the time, Mr. DAYTON. I have not time to enter into a discussion of is it not? that. It is a matter of record and has been thrashed over and Mr. DAYTON. Prices are going up and material is going up. over again. It is very well known, as the gentleman from New It requires a constant corps of skilled workmen. Prices are York [Mr. CUMMINGS] stated on yesterday, that there were at changing, and new machinery is required, and all thoee things one time defective armor plates passed upon this Government. enter into this proposition. It is very well understood also that subsequent to that time- And, .Mr. Chairman, I call your attention further to the fact whether the armor manufacturers themselves knew it or not is a that we get this armor plate offered to us to-day at a less price question, and there is a difference of opinion about that-subse- than that at which any other government of the world can buy quent to that time those plates were rejected. The fault of their it. Take my illustration of a coat. Why should I, when I go to ever being passed upon this Government was upon the Govern- my tailor and he shows me the material and says, " l will make ment's own inspector there, who passed them, and I say it is not yon this suit of clothes for so much money," -go around to every necessary for me to enter into that discussion in face of the fact other tailor in the country and find every one of them charge more that the owners of the armor-plate factories disclaim any know!- money for it, then say that, because I have that sentiment in my edge in reference to it, and supposed that these plates would pass heart that leads me to believe nevertheless that the tailor is cheat­ when they did pass the Government inspector. ing me in my coat, I will therefore turn tailor and manufacture Mr. DALZELL. Will my friend allow me a suggestion just my own coats, go into business myself rather than pay him a there? price that is the cheapest price that I can obtain the same mate- Mr. DAYTON. Certainly I will. rial and the same coat for in the whole communityi' Mr. DALZELL. That the fault found with the contractors Mr. KITCIDN. Ma;y I ask my colleague a question? 4318 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17,

Mr. DAYTON. Yes. These people pay a. royalty of $45 a ton for the purpose of using Mr. KITCHIN. The gentleman has said that in his opinion, if .this new process, and it makes a product 25 per cent better. In the Government makes the armor plate we need, which we know other words. it takes 25 per cent less of Krupp armor than it does will be 5,000 to 6,000 tons a year for several years, that it will of the harveyized armor. The advantage of that you can see at cost the Government $800 a ton to make it. Now, I would really once. We have been paying $400 a ton for the Harvey armor, and like to know upon what fact the gentleman bases that opinion? the purpose is to pay $5-15 for the Krupp a1·mo1·. The $-!5 a ton is Certainly not upon Secretary Herbert's report or on Admiral the royalty. One hundred dollars is for the better armor. It will O'Neil's testimony. I would like to know where the gentleman take 25 per cent less of the Krupp armor if you cover the same gets his information? s-urface; in other words, 25 per cent of the weight of the armor Mr. DAYTON. I would like to enter into that, but can not disappears and you make up in speed, you make up in better now. because it would take me more time than I have at com­ quality of the armor, the capacity to resist penetration is better, mand. But if the gentleman will study this question in all of its your coal bunkers can be increased, you can run your ship better, bearings, with the experience we have of the cost of the material, and, all told, these advantages at least make it 40 or 50 per cent the danger and difficulties that are involved in the process, remem­ better for the ship than with the harveyized armor. Now, they bering that this steel goes through at least fourteen different proc­ demand. $100 for that; they say, and they have reiterated it over es Jes, and some say twenty-one, before it comes out the finished and over again, that they would much prefer to furnish the product; if he will consider all these facts, and remember the Harveyized armor at $400 per ton than the Krupp armor at $545 a changes that are constantly coming; estimate the risk, the insur­ ton. ance, the working capital, and all those items, and study it out as Now, Admiral O'Neil has stated that we know substantially, I have studied it out, or attempted to study it out, and at the same but not completely, the secret of the Krupp manufacture. The time recognize that no figures can be depended upon, because you private manufactw·ers in this country have the honor, at least, can not foretell the future risks in a matter of this kind, he will, not to undertake to manufacture the Krupp armor without pay· I think, reach my conclusion. I made the statement in absolute ing a royalty. The proposition here to bui1d a Government plant, sincerity, but upon my judgment simply; but it is my judgment, to manufacture the Krupp armor, involves one of two things: after five years' study of this question as earnestly and as thor­ Whether this Government would undertake to manufacture it oughly as I was capable of studying any question, that every ton without paying the royalty; and, second, whether or not we really of armor plate manufactured by this Government would cost do know the secret. We know it generally, but not in its details. $800 or $1,000 a ton. Then the question is coming, whether this Government, if it Mr. SNODGRASS. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a should refuse to pay the royalty that private firms pay without question? hesitation, would not find itself entering a field in that position Mr. DAYTON. I want to call attentionfirsttoonemore thing. condemned to such an extent that the steel companies and every­ :M:r. DRIGGS. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a ques­ body else would refuse to do business with us. tion? Mr. TERRY. I would like to ask the gentleman a question. Tho CHAIRMAN. The gentleman declines to yield. Mr. DAYTON. I can not yield any further. I have been di· Mr. DRIGGS. The gentleman is talking by consent of the verted from my argument, and I am taking up too much time. Honse, and he ought to yield to a question. But, Mr. Chairman, what are the questions to be solved? Even Mr. DAYTON. I will. if we could manufacture armor at the same price as the other, Mr. DRIGGS. 1 would like to ask you a question about the con­ why should we? If we could do it at a little less, why should we? struction of ships by the Government in the navy-yards. I What is the demand for armor plate? We have under construc­ wanted to ask the gentleman a question when he was speaking in tion and have already constructed 16 battle ships. We could not his hour, but he declined to yield, and I did not care to interrupt possibly build . this plant and get it in operation fo1· these vessels him then; but now he is talking with the consent of the House, that we have authorized. and I would like to ask him a question about that. I know it is said that we can get it in operation in three years; Mr. HOPKINS. He is talking about another question, entirely but every man who has had anything to do with the business of foreign to yom· question. this country. and who knows how slow these Government works Mr. DRIGGS. I would like to ask the gentleman a question on progress, will bear me out, and an examination of the i·ecord will that subject. bear me out, in saying that every Department of this Government, The CH.AIRMAN. Does the gentleman yield? especially with all yards, docks, and with all ordnance, have years Mr. DAYTON. I do not want to leave this question, but when of work before them. This bill carries years of contracts in it. I I get through I will yield to a question on that subject. say eve1·y one of us would realize that a safe estimate would be Mr. DRIGGS. I wanted to get in a question on thah subject, that the armor-plate factory would not come into actual oper­ but as the gentleman says he is unwilling to yield, I do not desire ation, so as to turn out armor, inside of five years. It is stated to interrupt him at this time. that it can be done in three years, but when we remember that Mr. DAYTON. I want to call attention to another thing relat­ these contracts are always delayed, that is a safe and reasonable jng to this matter. What use is there for the armor; how long estimate. So that we have got to delay the building up of our will the demand for armor continue; how much of it may we make? American Navy for five years or else we have got to go on and Why, l\Ir. Chairman, the question involved is a clear-cut business contract for this armor. proposition. Howmucharmor areyougoingto1·equire; howlong Agajn, Mr. Chairman, the battle ships are the ones we speak of. are you going to require armor; how long will the machinery of How many battle ships will this Government build? How large a your plant be capable of manufacturing the best armor? Because, demand for the future will there be for this plant? How long I thank Go~ the sentiment is abroad throughout this land that will there be a demand for this product? England has her 70 bat· the American sailor-the best man, the best seamen, best fighter tle ships. Will we need more 30? in the world's history-is entitled to the best protection, and if Mr. Wl\f. ALDEN SMITH. Will my friend from West Vir· the world goes on and improves its armorwewillimprove the pro­ ginia yield to me for a question just there? tection of the American sailor behind the guns, or elsewe will not Mr.DAYTON. Iwm. be true to Americanism. f Applause.] - Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. The American demand for armor Mr. SNODGRASS. Will the gentleman yield to me right on plate does not necessarily establish the price that is asked for it that noint? throughout the world, I believe? Mr: DAYTON. Yes. Mr. DAYTON. No, sir. Mr. SNODGRASS. You stated a while ago that there was a Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. Because the foreign demand, the secret process that entered into the best armor. If that is well purchases of other countries, is an element that enters largely into founded, it is an important thing for us to consider, because if we the price. should build a factory and not be in possession of the secret proc­ Mr. DAYTON. Ah, but America is the supreme and potent ess we could do nothing toward making the best armor. I would influence in this matter of armor plate, as it is inmost other manu­ like to have the gentleman state the evidence before the commit­ factures. The American people-the American manufacturer­ tee upon that point. inspired as he is by the unlimited power of American ingenuity Mr. DAYTON. Jn the first place I want to say that when the and American mechanical genius, is branching out in all direc­ Harvey armor was discovered a few years ago one of the manu­ tions, building armor plate now for most of the nations of the facturing firms of this country, and I am not sure but two, earth. We are building armor plate to-day for the Russian Gov­ paid $500,000 for the process. In the last two years Mr. Krupp, ernment, a government that built a plate factory for itself recently, of the great Krupp Works in Gei·many, discovered a new proc­ but finds it better and cheaper to use the plate manufactured by ess, and the best we can understand about it is that it is a our private enterprise in America. than to run its own factory. change from the charcoal to gas treatment. As I said, armor is Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. I desire to illustrate the point I simply an effort to carbonize or diamondize steel. Diamonds and wished to make in that connection. If we withheld or limited charcoal stand as representatives of carbon, and the harveyized the operation of any bill authorizing the construction of any ves­ process was a charcoal process. The Krupp process, as best we sel, it does not necessarily follow that we get the armor plate can understand it, is a gaseous process. Now, we know that fact, necessary for that vessel at a cheaper rate. and that is as far as the secret is known. Mr. DAYTON. Not at all. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4319

Mr. WM. ALDEN S~IITH. For it may appreciate in price government. No nation will come to our Govtirnment establish­ while we are waiting. ment to have a1'1Ilor plate manufactured for ber ships that may Mr. DAYTON. That is true. some time meet ours in direful conflict. Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. And is it not true also that if we This is the situation in regard to this subject; and I insist, .?tfr. had let the contract long ago, when the first construction of these Chairman, that it is time for us to settle this question and settle ships was auth01ized by law, we would have been able to get the it finally. From all the investigations, covering a period of five a1'Illor plate at a less price than we do to-day? years, I believe there can not be a worse mistake made by Con­ .Mr. DAYTON. That may be true; but there is a limit in this gress than to embark in the manufacture of armor plate. regard as well as an element that the gentleman should not over­ And now I yield, as I promised, to my friend from New York look. We would have not gotten the same kind of armor plate [Mr. DRIGGSl. that we get to-day. We do not want to buy or prepare for the !tr. DRIGGS. I thank the gentleman from West Virginia for permanent manufacture of any kind of armor plate, because the his courtesy, and I apologize to him for interrupting him at the armor plate is changing and improving from year to year. We stage of his argument when he was talking on a different subject do not use the same kind now that was in use two years ago. from that to which my questions apply. But I have waited an It has been said recently that a new process has been discovered hour or an hour and a half for this opportunity to interrogate and will soon be made known in Germany to take the place of him. Krupp armor; and more recently accounts have come to us of a The gentleman said in the commencement of his argument that man who proposes to dispense al together with armor and use com­ Secretary Long had stated that it would cost twice as much and pressed cotton. We find, therefore, this element of uncertainty, would take twice as long to build Government ships in our navy­ and we do not know what to-morrow may bring forth or what the yards as by private contracts. Now, is it not the fact that at the demands upon us will be. We only know, standing here, that we time comparisons were made on this subject it did not take twice will have the cheapest armor which is attainable, of the best as long to build the Maine,.the Texas, the Cincinnati, and the quality, and we will have the best protection for the best sailors Raleigh as it would have taken to build tbem in private yards, in the world. At the outside, the demand for this plate armor and it did not cost twice as much, according to official statements? will necessarily be limited. That is my first question. I do not desire to reflect on the Sec­ It ·will impress itself upon the mind of every gentleman here retary of the Navy at all, because I do not think he was thoroughly to-day that our Navy before long will be rounded out; that we will posted on the question according to the evidence as given before have a safe number of these stronger and better ships, known as the committee. the battle ships, the fighting ships. We are not in the manufac­ Mr. DAYTON. I have simply this to say: That it is very diffi­ ture of ships simply for the purpose of building them. We want cult to make comparisons in this matter. Ships are of different serviceable vessels, if we build any. America, with her free insti­ kinds, of different characters and varieties. It takes longer to tution, does not need, surrounded by the seas on all sides and sus­ build one ship than another. It is very difficult to draw a correct tained and maintained by educated, patriotic people, what is comparison between a ship built in a Government navy-yard and required by other nations. We need a navy commensurate with one built at a private yard. our ne.eds of defense. Now, defense is veryfrequentlymisunder­ That is one trouble about these things. You can not get any stood. cut-and-dried rule in l'egard to these matters whereby you can I can defend myself from an attack of another by running away. reduce them to an actual comparison. I read the statement of I can defend myself by simply warding off his blows; or, to use the Secretary, and he is sincere in it, because, taking all things an illustration of Captain 1\lahan 's, if a snake comes into my room into consideration, our experience generally has been along that at night, I can defend myself by putting it out of the room or by line. crushing its head. But proper defense of a country like ours Take, for instance, the old Texas, built in the Norfolk Navy­ means that when a nation undertakes to attack ns we will be ready Yard. Why, if the gentleman will review the arguments and to protect ourselves and defend our people at all points. the proceedings in Congress here, he will be amused to find that A man may come and strike me because he has a feeling of anger the Texas was so long in building that actually she was almost against me. but he is not so likely to come if he knows that blow forgotten, and they raised a point of order, I think, upon an ap­ will meet blow, stroke will meet stroke, and that he will have a propriation for continuing th~ work. broken nose for my black eye. That is the true meaning of de­ .Mr. DRIGGS. Well, we find by the record that the keel of tho fense. and that is its true purpose and object-the building up of Texas was laid-- this Navy of ours, not alone to keep from coming to our shores The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman Yield? those who may have some enmity against us and desire to take Mr. DAYTON. I do not want to yield further than to answer revenge upon us and then go away unharmed and unscathed, but the questions which were asked me. . we want to proclaim that every bit of land over which floats the Mr. DRIGGS. The gentleman agreed to yield for two ques­ American flag is defended by a navy that will strike back blow for tions, but all I desire to do is to ask the second question, and that blow, a navy calculated to create that wholesome fear which will is, Do not England, France, Russia, Germany, Italy, Norway, and prevent attack. Sweden build some of their own war ships in their own govern­ But at the same time, Mr. Chairman, it is not necessary for us ment dockyards? to defend ourselves as England defends herself. England is sur­ Mr. DAYTON. That is under entirely different conditions, rounded by narrow channels from other nations that may com­ and the hours of labor, wages, and all those things el'.lter into that bine and confederate against her at any hour. It is not necessary question. It is impossible, I say, for us to enter into any com­ for us to have such a navy as she has. If England should get into parison with those countries in regard to that. And then the a war with America to-day, one-half of her 70 battle ships would consensus of opinion upon conditions existing here agrees, as I be absolutely rrecessary to protect her own coasts and would not stated before, that it will cost more and take a longer time; and be able to cross the seas to engage any force of ours. the danger is that we will not have as fine a finished product, and The same is true with regard to Germany and France. Over will never have any guaranty for the completion of it and of its there on the Continent of Europe, those different countries form­ perfectness. ing a sort of checkerboard, combinations and alliances may be Mr. GAINES. Will the gentleman permit me? made to-day and broken to-morrow. We, surrounded by the Mr. THROPP. If the gentleman will allow me, the gentleman Atlantic on the one side and the Pacific on the other, God's from New York [Mr. DRIGGS] corrects your statement by saying favored land, will not need such a navy as do those other nations. that Secretary Long said it would take twice as long. If it is not What we do need is a navy commensurate with our necessities­ twice as long, how much longer were they in building in a Gov­ a navy sufficient: as I have said, to inspire fear, to prevent attack, ernment yard than in a private yard? and to enable us to work out the great destiny that God Almighty Mr. DRIGGS. I will answer that, if you want me to. intended us to work out. Mr. DAYTON. I will say to the gentleman, as I said before, Therefore, Mr. Chairman, in my investigation of this matter­ you can not tell, because you can not compare vessels of different and I simply give these views for what they are worth, as my type. private opinion-the time will come and is fast coming when we Mr. THROPP. I wanted to know whether-­ shall reach the limits of the number of battle ships that we shall Mr. GAINES. Will my friend permit a question? need. I do not believe that limit will exceed thirty or thirty-five Mr. DAYTON. I want to yield the floor, if I can. I will answer or forty. Then what shall we do with our armor-plate factory, just one question. if we have one? You may retort by asking what the prirnte manu­ Mr. GAINES. Did not Secretary Long recommend, and did not facturer will do. the Congress, of which you were a member, pass an appropriation I say to you the private manufacturer will go out and bm1d to build a smokeless-powder factory, and was not that smokeless­ armor for Russia and France and Germany; for J"apan, for China, powder factory built, and is it not now in operation and furnish­ and for the other nations of the world. But this Government can ing us with smokeless powder? And if that is so, why was that never go into the manufacture of armor for other nations, no done? matter upon what peaceful relations we may be with those na­ Mr. DAYTON. Under the exigencies of the war we undertook tions. No nation can go to the factory of another independent the building of a smokeless-powder factory. 4320 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 1·1,

Mr. GAINES. Tbat was before the war. I have no time to enter into any details; but, in brief, Jet me say Mr. DAYTON. I can say to the gentleman that I have always this: Up to the beginning of the present century such a thing as been unalterably opposed to Government manufactures, and am a great national debt extending from yea,r to year, from one gen­ to-day. emtion to another, was not hea1·d of; but during all the warlike Mr. GAINES. And you voted for that? ages of the world the methods by which monarchs obtained Mr. DAYTON. And because we made mistakes once is no money for carryjng on war were, first, forced loans from wealthy reason why we should be continually making mistakes and be citizens; secondly, heavy taxation; and, thirdly, voluntary loans, building up the Navy on shore instead of building it on sea. to be repaid in short time; but when the modern method of finan­ Now, Mr. Chairman, one thing more, and I am done, and I shall ciering great enterprises came into vogue and the lesson of .finan­ devote but a very few moments to it. The cry has been made ciering had been taught by the great corporations of the world, bere that we are extravagant in this bill. With all due respect to issuing long-time bonds, government financiers soon discovered an the gentlemen who make this charge, I want to say that it is not easy method of raising all the money necessary for waging war, carried out by the facts. Objection has been made to the fact and so the practical difficulties of financiering a great war were that we provide for an emergency fund of $500,000 to be put at obviated. the disposition of the President, to be used by him if it becomes Since that time great national debts have been piled up. At the necessary, in the conduct of the Navy in connection with our new close of the Napoleonic wars it was estimated that the govern­ possessions jn the Philippines and Porto Rico and in the estab­ ment debts of the world amounted, in round numbers, to $7,750,- lishment of the government that we promised to Cuba. 000,000, the largest that had ever been known up to that time. I have but one thing to say to this, Mr. Chairman. When it be­ But in 1848 the immense public debt of the world, growing out of came necessary for us to embark upon that war there was no hesi­ war, had climbed to 88,650,000,000; in 1862 the enormous aggre­ tation in the patriotism of this House of Representatives on either gregate of $13, 750,000,000 measured the world's war debt; in 1872 side to place at the disposal of the President of the United States :j23,025,000,000 were required to measure the burdens which war 850,000,000 to carry it on. Why should there come to-day an ob­ had imposed upon civilized society; and in 1882 it had risen to I jection to placing $500,000 at his disposal to establish peace and the stupendous ag-gregate of $26,970,000,000; in 1892, to $29,000,- order in those islands after that war has passed and gone? 000,000, and at the present time the stupendous and appalling That is what this emergency fund is for. We do not know the aggregate of $32,000,000,000 will scarcely measure the world's in­ conditions that may arise in those far-off seas. We do not know debtedness to the Moloch of battles. what may be required in order to maintain our Navy there. The first cause of all this burden is perhaps the savage spirit still Knowledge ha.a not come to us. We therefore can not appro­ potent among the most civilized people, which enables ambitious priate any specific item for the things that will be necessary to be monarchs to marshal great armies for conquest. For it is a sad done there. The sum is small. Five hundred thousand dollars is reflection on the history of mankind that for the greater part-in asked for the purpose of establishing the American flag, Amer­ fact, almost the whole-of this immense war debt has been incurred ican civilization, American freedom and liberty, and good form of in prosecution of wars of conquest and not in the cause of liberty. government 1n those islands, so far as the Navy may be called But the second cause is perhaps still more shameful to the pride upon to contribute to it. . of civilized man, if he has any pride. It is the cupidity of great It was fifty millions for war; it is $500,000 to establish peace. wealth, which considers Government bonds better than private We voted fifty millions without a word. Why should there be enterplise, and hence a national debt as a national blessing-that objection to voting $500,000 to establish law and order? I can see is, to the bondholder. no objection to it. · . Thernardier on the field of Waterloo, picking silver coins and I certainly ask the pardon of the House for consuming so much time. [Loud applause on the Republican side.] gold \Yatches from the pockets of dead heroes, is not more ghoulish Mr. VANDIVER. Mr. Chairman, some years ago Victor Hugo than old moneybags urging more bonds, that he may clip more estimated that the civilized nations of the world spent 900,000 coupons. francs every twenty-four hours, four hundred mlllions every year, It was estimated some years ago by a distinguished gentleman­ saluting one anoth~r, ·saluting the rising sun and the setting sun, Prof. H. C. Adams, of Cornell University-that to pay the inter­ and jnterchanging international courtesies by the explosion of est alone on this immense indebtedness of the world would require puwder; in short, $60,000,000 every year blown up in smoke, while 3,000,000 men working- constantly at $1.50 per day. a million people die for lack of bread. Do not imagine by this So great has become the indebtedness of the world that the con­ introduction that I am intending to affront the champions of war tinuous labor of 3,000,000 of men must be emvloyed merely to pay by making an appeal for economy. · the interest. But within the last half century scarcely any gov­ I sha11 not at this 'time undertake to make any such appeal or ernment on earth has maintained its interest and its running ex­ any such argument. I have heard the argument for economy so penses, but on an average the deficit in the world's account for the often made upon this floor and with so little effect that I shall not last half century has annually amounted to more than ~500,000. undertake to renew it now. But I am constrained to make one or The ravages of war I shall not undertake to describe. I only two brief observations before taking up the special provisions of mention these facts to bring to the attention of this House the this bill on the expense of war. I suppose it would be a mockery enormous expenditures of civilized nations for war and prepara­ at this time to refer to the fact that two years ago the world held tion for war. If I had the tjme, I should like. to quote the words a peace conference. The so-called civilized nations of the world of the distinguished Speaker of this House, eloquently portraying got together and exchanged friendly salutations, compliments to the ravages of war. I shall insert them in the RECORD. I should each other, and the peace conference at the Hague was given out like to quote the keen sarcasm of old Thomas Carlyle in ridicul­ to be the inauguration of a new programme of the world-a pro- ing the causes for war. I should like to quote the eloquent words gramme of peace and good will among men. - of that distinguished old Frenchman, Victor Hugo, in denounc­ I say the so-called civilized nations, the nations professing to be ing the horrors of war; but these, and all of these, I must pass by. Christian; and from that day to this, America and England, the I only give a sample here taken from Sarto1· Resartus: professedly Christian people of the world, have been the only ones What, speaking in quite unofficial language, is the net purport and upshot of to violate the principle of international arbitration, and have war? To my own knowledge, for example, there dwell and toil in the British ·given to the world the saddest lesson of war that has come during village of Dumdridge usually some 500 souls. From those, by cert::Lin "nat­ ural enemies" of the French, there a.re successively selected, during the the last hundred years. So tbat I have been forced to the conclu­ French war, say, 30 able-bodied men. sion that what is called "Christian civilization," when put in the Dumdridge, at her own expense, has suckled and nursed them; she has scale and weighed against the interest of commercialism, the in­ not without difficulty and sorrow, fod them up to manhood, and even trained them to crafts, so that one can weave, another build, another hammer, and terest of trade and traffic, has but little influence in controlling the weakest can stand under 30 stone avoirdupois. Nevertheless, amid the affairs of this world. much weeping and swearing, they are selectea, a.ll dressed in red, ancl shipped I have been forced to the conclusion that "Christian civiliza­ ::d'f~dl~~~f~ftli;;~::cf8• some 2,000 miles, or say only to the south of Spain, tion" is but a cloak of hypocrisy which hides the devil's own pur­ And now to that same spot in the south of Spain are 30 similar French ar­ poses; and if there is any such influence felt anywhere in the tisans, from a French Dumdridge, in like manner wending. till at leugtb, world as that which we denominate "Christian civilization" I :i.fter infinite effort, the two parties come into actual juxtaposition; and want to know, in behalf of justice and humanity, where it finds Thirty stands fronting Thirty, each with a gun in his band. Straightway the word" fire" is given and blow out the souls of one an­ refuge since the days of the massacre of the Armenians by the other; and in place of 60 brisk, useful craftsmen the world has 00 deacl car­ Turks, the murder of the South African patriots by the British, cases, which it must bury, and anon shed tears for. Hn.d these men any quar­ and the slaughter of helpless Filipinos by the Americans. rel? Busy as the devil is, not the smallest. They lh·e far enough apart; were the entirest strangers; nay, in so wide a universe there was even, uncon­ Do not imagine. sir, that I am now entering upon an argument sciously, by commerce, some mutual helpfulness between them. How then? on the question of expansion or any other question than the bill Simpleton! Their governors had fallen out; and instead of shooting one an­ before the Housa. I would, if opportunity were offered, enter into other, had cunning to make those poor blockheads shoot. that discussion; but not now. I only offer these reflections as an GENERAL HENDERSON ON W.A.R-THE NEXT SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE TII.A.T introduction to what I propose to say on the bill for the purpose WILL PASS ON W.A.R BUDGETS .A.ND W.A.R POLICIES ABHORS WAR. of calling the attention of the House, and so far as possible the "Gen. D. B. HENDERSON of Iowa, will to-morrow (Monday)," says the New attention of the country, to this important question, the cost of York World of Sunday, "be elected Speaker of the House of Representa­ war, the folly and the ho1Tor of war. tives." 1900. ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4321

Following is the speech made by him at a soldiers' gathering in Chicago the Bon. John D. Long, Secretary of the Navy, and one or two September 12, 1893: others of the naval officers who appeared before the committee, . "Mr.* President,* my theme* to-day is* war, and I* am against* it. I wish• I had and who seem to be very friendly to private contractors, but he all the gifts to speak my abhorrence of war. seemed to take particular pains in steering clear of the testimony of those experts whose particular business it is to know something "It* takes courage,* I grant,* to face death.* The* sufferings * and the trials* of about the construction of Government ships in the navy-yarc!s. the soldier ba.ve not been exaggerated. But the courage needed to face dan· I want to say to him that if he had taken the advice of the offi­ ger and death ranks far below the courage that faces the superstitions, preju­ dices. the wealth, and the established customs of the Wf>rld. cers of the Navy who appeared before our committee, stating facts "The great man reasons; the small man fights. and figures rather than opinions, and having experience which ''Grant's words of ])eace will survive his mightest war cry. would enable them to give good, solid, sensible advice, he would "The cost of war alone should make us stop and think. "The public debts of the world are twenty-nine billions, and it safe to say not have been able in good conscience to stand on this floor and that every dollar of this is the fruit of war. What a strain upon earth, shops, say as he did-at least as I understood him to say-that the offi­ and fields! cers of the Navy Department were against building these ships in "In one hundred years Great Britain ba-s paid $4,7!12,206,010 for war. "During these one hundred years fifty of them were devoted to human the navy-yards. slaughter. Mr. HAWLEY. The gentleman will pardon me, but I do not "The cost of our own civil war was$6,508,4.."9,909. think he is quite correct- * • * • * * * Mr. VANDIVER. I would yield to the gentleman himself if "Europe is expending on her armies S8l4,000,000 annually. "No wonder the children of the Old World have been seeking a new home! he were present; and if I am mistaken, I will allow him to correct "Should humanity weep in order that tyrants may laugh? my remarks. "Should the homes of the people be loaded down with billions of debt in The gentleman from West Virtia based his argument on this order that some heartless murderer may wear a diadem? "The w1·etches that have wrought this desolation are the panthers, th.e point mainly upon the question f cost, saying that it had cost hyenas, and the ghouls of humanity. the Government more to build the ships that it had built in "I appeal to you, brave men of many battles, who have seen and felt and navy-yards than it would have cost to build them by private comprehended! I cry out to you to throw your influence into the scales and contract. He brought to bear the statement that in the navy­ urf;e the world to seek some forum where the arbitrator shall not be the dripping sword. yards men work only eight hours a day instead of ten, as in ••War is demoralizing. private yards. "War is desolating. He brought to bear also the statement, as I remember it, that "War consumes the toil and comfort of our people. "War is the world's terrible. relentless, remorseleS.S inquisition. the competition of these private yards kept down the cost of these "War is the weapon of tyrants, the prop of thrones. vessels to reasonable prices, while in the navy-yards our experi­ "War. the black pathway to hell, has been the pretended passage to ence had proven that without any competition we were unable to heaven." build ships as cheaply. Now, Mr. Chairman, I come to the question of appropriations Now, I refer to the testimony of Constructor Stahl, who ap­ for the Navy of the United States; and let me say that I am proud peared before our committee with real facts and figures. He pre­ of the American Navy. During my short service on the Naval sented to us a tabular comparison of the contract price with the Committee I have had some opportunity to study the history of total cost of certain ships. Re showed, for instance, that the Mon­ the achievements of the American Navy, and from the beginning terey had cost $2,268,281, while the contract price for that vessel to the end I, with every other l>atriotic American, feel proud of was only $1,647,000; that the Olympia had cost the Government that history and those achievements. From the days of Paul $2,484,027, while the contract price was only $1,796,000; that the Jones on down to the days of George Dewey and Winfield Schley San Francisco had cost the Government $1,738,000, while the con­ the achievements of the American Navy have become the heritage tract price was only $1,423,000; that the Oregon had. cost the Gov­ of the American people, and the distinguished services of these ernment $5,914,021, while the contract price was only $3,272,000; men have shed luster on the American name. that the Massachusetts had cost the Government $5,401,844, while I must, therefore, not be understood in what I am about to say the contract price was only $3,045,576; that the Indiana had cost as offering any objection to the proper, legitimate enlargement of the Government $5,333,708, while the contract price was only the American Navy. I believe some of my colleagues on the com­ $3,055,272; and he explained to us very satisfactorily that the mittee are in some measure unwise; that they have been swept difference between the actual cost to the Government and the off their feet by the great enthusiasm for war that has swept over contract price grew out of the fact that when the Government the country during the last two years. But I shall not stop here builds its ships by contract the vessel is brought into the navy­ now to discuss the question whether we should have two more yard in an unfinished state, utterly unequipped and incomplete, battle ships built or two more armored cruisers or three more and that it costs the Government hundreds of thousands and in protected cruisers. I believe they are not all needed. some of these instances mil1ions of dollars to complete the vessel But I proceed now to the consideration of the provisions of the afterwards. bill against which the minority of the committee have entered Mr. ROBB. I should like to ask the gentleman whether the .their protest ann filed their views. The gentleman from West statement he has just given includes the amount of the claim now Virginia [Mr. DA.YTO:N"] who has just taken his seat in the begin­ pending in this House by the William Cramp & Sons' Ship and ning of his remarks referred to the fact that the minority of this Engine Building Company on account of the Massachiisetts and committee in filing their views had violated every precedent in the Indiana, that c~aim amounting to nearly $1,000,000? the history of the Naval Committee. He referred to the fact also Mr. VANDIVER. If I understand the facts, it does not. that those of us who have dared defy the precedents of the Naval Now, Mr. Chairman, only one other remark on this part of the Committee were new members with but little experience. subject. Every naval constructor who appeared before the Naval I desire to say to the gentleman in reply that if it be the custom, Committee, giving testimony from his experience and his expert as he intimates, of the Naval Committee that a minority should knowledge of the subject, recommended to the committee that at absolutely submit to the will of the majority, and so perfectly least three of these vessels should be constructed in the navy­ acquiesce in it as not to make their wishes or opinions known on yards. this floor, then that custom is more honored in the breach than in Now, it seems to me not only unwise but a very strange and the observance, and I am proud of having broken it. anomalous condition that this great Government, with immense I desire to say to him further, and I am sorry that he is not in navy-yards for the purpose of equipping and repairing naval ves­ his seat to hear what 1 say, that if his other suggestion that the sels, should go on from year to year and never have a vessel built members of the committee who have filed minority views here are in one of those navy-yards. It seems to me that a navy--yard the inexperienced members of the committee, I think it would be properly equipped for the repair of vessels must of necessity be well for this Honse and for the country if we had a few more also equipped for building naval vessels; and if properly equipped, inexperienced members on that committee. then why should we not have some of our vessels built in those I want to say also that when he speaks of the new membe1·s on navy-yards? · that committee having ventured to violate the custom of the com­ I say, therefore. that the gentleman from West Virginia, in mittee by bringing in a minority report, I think they have done arguing this question and planting himself in the first part of his themselves credit and the ceuntry a service when they have pre­ speech on the wisdom and intelligence of those who had had ex­ sented here views which justify their position and facts which perience in this matter, failed to follow out the conclusions of can not be controverted by the gentleman from West Virginia or his own premises. If he had been willing to accept the wisdom the majority of the committee. and the advice of these gentlemen who have had experience, he Now, Mr. Chairman, I wish to devote a few moments of time would have found himself at a different conclusion. · to the consideration of two propositions which the gentleman from Now, Mr. Chairman, one other proposition is of great impor­ West Virginia has brought forward. He has, in attempting to tance and bas been much discussed; that is the question of armor substantiate the position of the majority of the committee on the plate. question of whether or not any of the new vessels provided in this The gentleman from West Virginia devoted a very large part bill should be constructed in the navy-yards of the Government, of his speech of an hour and a half to the consideration of this brought in as evidence or testimony for the support of his posi­ question of the manufactuxe of armor plate, and as it seemed to tion the gentleman who presides over the i:;:reat American Navy, me he ably championed the interest of private corporations and XXXIII-=-271 4!122 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17, manufacturers of armor plate for the Government. I propose to Captain Sampson, now Admiral Sampson, who was then a wit­ show t.11at the gentleman's argument is not only fallacious, but ness before the committee, replied: that it is utterly false and without foundation. Yes, sir; it was the practicP,. and Mr. Sill. a!! I think I mentioned once be· Now, sir, I am in favor of the Government establishing an fore, kept a memorandum of those slips to which Mr. Dunphy refers. armor-pl2.te factory of its own, not only because I think the cost Again, on the same page, Mr. MONEY, of the committee, asked: of armor plate as charged by the private manufacturers is too Who was responsible for that? large, but I think there are other reasons also to support such a Captain Sampson answered: proposition. The superintende~t of the shop was responsible. Experience has proven that it_ is an ex~eedingly difficult thi!1g for this Government to protect itself agamst the greed and cupid­ Now, Mr. Chairman, I will not read further from the testimony, ity of the people who make armor plate and who have a financial but I read a short paragraph from the report of the committee, interest in defrauding the Government as far as practicable when and, as I understand, it was a unanimous rnport. It is scathing. it comes to the character of the plate they put upon our vessels. Hear it. I read from page 16: If the criminality of a wrongful act is to be measured by tho deliberation I have been somewhat surprjsed at the position assumed by with which it is committed, the magnitude of the evils likely to result from gentlemen in this regard, and if my time allowed me I would its perpetration. and the want of provocation with which it is done, the frauds quote sufficiently from the testimony here to establish the propo­ that your committee hM·e found arc worthy to be called crimes. The servants of the Carnegio l:lteel Company, whether with or without the sition, beyond the shadow of a doubt, that the Government bas knowledge of the company to increase their g:iins, deliberately contiuued for been defrauded in this practice to the extent of hundreds of thou­ month after month to commit acts whose natural and probable consequence sands of dollars. I will take only enough time to refer briefly would be the sacrifice of the lives of our seamen in time of war, and with to what has occurred. them, perhaps, the dearest interests of the nation. In 1894, under the authority of a resolution passed by Congress, This was against tha Carnegie Company. I make 110 charge the Naval Committee of this House, headed by the distinguished against the Bethlehem Company, as I know of nothing of this and able gentleman from New York [Mr. CUMMINGS], investi­ kind against them. gated this whole subject afld brought their testimony and their But now, Mr. Chairman, with that report of a committee of report before the House. That report and the testimony accom­ Congress before us, with that information before us, undisputed, panying it amply justify and fully confirm the statement which I I do not see how it is within the range of reRson that the gentle­ have made, that this Government has found very great difficulty man frpm West V~rginia [Mr. DAYTON] should stand up here in protecting itself against the frauds of the manufacturer of ar­ and argue for the great patriotism of the manufac.turers of armor mor plate; and if for no other reason than that, I should defend plate and protest against what he calls "punishing them" by the building by the Government of a plate factory for the manu­ building our own armor factory. facture of armor plate such as it may need from time to time, be­ I say that if for no other reason I should prefer to have the Gov­ cause I believe it to be the only way by which we can secure armor ernment manufacture its armor plate in order that it might secure of the best quality, uniform in all of its characteristics, armor the very best armor, and that every plate put on a battle ship plate that can be relied upon when it is placed between guns of should be of the very best possible that can be made. As long as the enemy and the bodies of our seamen. we leave it to private manufacturers they will be constantly That the Carnegie Company systematically defrauded the Gov­ tempted to profit by the frauds that they can commit on the Gov­ ernment is not disputed. ernment and to put weak, untreated armor in place of the strong­ Now, Mr. Chairman, if that be true, why should this Govern­ est. hardest, and best. ment from year to year depend on these parties for the armor Now, astotheotherquestion, Mr. Chairman, the question of cost, plate that we need, and why should it pay them the arbitrary I desire to devote a very few minutes to that. If I had the time, price which they demand? I think I could put before the Rouse the evidenc.e to show that the I read from the report of the Committee on Naval Affairs, second Government itself can make armor plate as cheaply as any private session of the Fifty-third Congress, Report No. 1468, on page 4. factory can make it. You remember that in the making of this plate the workmen at And now I want to call your attention to this one fact, that the the forge are under the supervision of officers of the company, Government has, by a special committee, examined into this mat­ and them workmen in charge of the duty of keeping these plates ter; and the Senate committee, appointed in 1897, has gone thor­ in the furnaces for a certain length of time have to report to the oughly into this subject, and the chairman of the Senate Com­ superintendent exactly how long each plate was so kept and that mittee on Naval Affairs, Mr. CHANDLER, of New Hampshire, an it had remained in the furnace exactly that particular time. These ardent friend of the Navy and ex-Secretary of the Navy, has made men made their reports and entered the figures on their books. a full and favorable report. Now, says the report of this Committee on Naval Affairs, after a At the conclusion of that report that committee informed us full investigation: that a Government armor-plate factory could be established for Tb.e figures were taken by the clerk to the superintendent, W. A. Kline, the sum of $1,500,000, and that it is expedient to establish such a who had charge of the heating of the pln.tes. The records show that the factory in case the armor manufacturers decline to accept such superintendent almost invariably changed the figures. In some cases be re­ prices for armor as may be fixed by law. turned to the clerk an entirely new report in bis own handwriting. Furthermore, I read from the same report, page 23: I have not time to read all of the testimony, but only a very Thal; a. fair aserage to be paid for armor for the three new battle ships au little of it. From page 303, in the examination of Lieutenant thorized by the act of June 1'), 1896, will be between three hundred and four Ackerman, I read a part of the testimony: hundred dollars per ton. The CHAIRMAN. He says: I want to say that those figures were arrivecl at by a most liberal "And 2659-A was just given an oil bath without being heated; then put in system of computation and that the testimony before that com­ the furnace five minutes to burn the oil off." mittee was that $250 a ton was an ample price for the actual cost What is supposed to be the object of treating the plate that way, suppos- of armor plate, not allowing for profit. in1,r~~t1:;!~tA1JK~R~A~~~o deceive the inspector and also to say that they I will further say that the testimony was most conclusive on had treated it, or rather to be able to say that they had treated it. that point, and as the conclusion of my time draws near, I shall The CHAIRMAN. Well, would a test of that plate tell whether it had been only read a very brief extract from the testimony. Ex-Secretary treated or not? This plati;:, bear.inm.ind, J?.ad not ~en treate?- at all, accord­ ing to what they say, but Just given an oil bath without bemg heated and Herbert, in his report to Congress of December 31, 1896, states as tllen :(>Ut into the furnace five minutes to burn the oil off. follows: It has been determined that the cost of the labor and materfal in a ton of Mr. Chairman, I read again from page 89 of the testimony of double-forged nickel steel Harvey armor, including allowance for loss in Mr. T. F. Farley. He says: manufacture, is Sl9i.78, which comprises e>ery element of cost in its manu­ Since I went back to work after the strike 'the system of concealing imper­ facture, save and except only the maintenance of the plant. fections from the Government inspectors has been pursued. Plates have Now, Mr. Chairman, if that be true-and I believe that even the been frequently taken off the planers and placed in such position as to con­ ceal the imperfections until they could hammer, patch, and plug the plates gentleman from West Virginia, with all of his five years' of service in the absence of the inspectors. on the committee, will have to concede that Secretary Herbert has a little more experience and a little better opportunity for knowl­ Now, Mr. Chairman, finally I read from page 59 of the report. edgethanevenhe-if thatbetrne, how is it possibleforthemajority The chairman says: of this committee to justify itself in coming before this House Mr. Dunphy says the workmen would send in a slip or memoranda with with a proposition to pay the armor· plate manufacturers 8545 per "three hours" on it, and somebody in the office would change it to thirty hours; and, for instance, if he worked four hours at tempering, the "4" ton? would be rubbed out in the office and "8" put on. Now, I am informed Mr. BARBER. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a that that committee have more than a thousand of those slips, and in nearly question? every instance a change has been made from the original stub preserved by the workman, and the slip as presented to the Government inspector in the Mr. V ANDlVER. I certainly will. office of the company. Mr. BARBER. You state there that Secretary Herbert made the entire cost $197 per ton. ls it not a fact that the Government Then the chairman says: for that armor furnished the nickel at $20 a ton in addition to Do you know how much truth there is in that charge? that? 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4323

Mr. VANDIVER. I have read you the exact statement, I will Virginia, not from any facts that he had before him, but out of say. the pure fiction of his own imagination. Mr. BARBER. Is it not a fact that he stated, in another part Now, Mr. Chairman, I fear that I am overrunning my time, as I of the report, that the Government furnished the nickel for that have promised to yield a few moments to the gentleman from Ohio armor. for which it paid $20'a. ton? [M.r. McDOWELL]. Before yielding the floor, however, I would Mr. VANDIVER. Assuming that it did, that will bring it up like to ask permission to extend my remarks in the RECORD for the to only $217. purpose of inserting some facts on this subject and some branches Mr. BARBER. Yes; and then the Government paid the roy­ of a cognate subject which I have not had time to present. alty in addition, did they not? IMPERIALISM THE ISSUE. l\lr. VANDIVER. If 1 had time, I would gladly enter into the Mr. Chairman, are we ready to change our form of government question of royalty, beca~se I will say to. my friend from ~enn­ from a republic to an empire? This is the real question before sylvania that I donot believe from the ev1dencelhave exammed, the American people. What are the advantages to be gained. and and I have gone through a great deal of it, that there is any legiti­ the losses to be suffered? lt is not a new question, as some sup­ mate ground on which the company can base a claim for the pay­ pose. There have always been some people in our country who ment of any royalty. That question is still before the courts. considered a constitutional monarchy the best form of govern­ Now, my time has about expired, and I wish to make one other ment. remark on this subject, I call the attention of the House to the Alexander Hamilton l::e:ieved it, and said so in the great con­ memoranda which Admiral O'Neil, in his statement before the stitutional convention. of 1787. The only difference between him committee submitted to us, in which he gives the amount of and the Republican statesmen of to-day is that they repudiate it armor plate and the price at which it has been furnished by these in their utterances, but EeL'k to accomplish it in their actions, companies. On page 41 of the hearings of February 16 last I find while he openly avowed his preference for monarchy, and deplored that~t\.dmiral O'Neil has given us the information that in Oct-Ober, the fact that the convention ·was obliged to frame a constitution 1898, the Bethlehem Steel Company made a contract with the which the people woulu adop~, and hence it must be a republic, Government for: 3, 965 tons of armor, and that the armor was to be although I. in his judgment, no republic had ever succeeded in be­ furnished at 8400 per ton. stowing StJ.ch blessings upon its citizens as had the English mon­ I find also that at the same time a contract was made with the archy. Here are his words as reported by Madison. I read from Carnegie Steel Company for 3,712 tons, and t_hat was to be at $400 Madison's Constitutional Debates, Volume If, speeches of Alex­ per ton. I find again, in the same table, that last Octo~r,as late ander Hamilton, page 885, June 18, 1787: as October, 1899, this Government made a contract with the Car­ This view of the subject almost led him (Hamilton) to despair that a re­ negie Company and another contract with the Bethlehem Com­ publican government could be established over so great an extent. He was pany to furnish armor at $400 a ton. Now, why should they de­ sensible, at the same time, that it would be unwise to propose one of any other form. In his private opinion, he had no scrnple in declaring-supported mand 8545 per ton? as he was by the opinion of so many of the wise and good-that the British Mr. BARBER. Will the gentleman allow a. question? Government was the best in the world, and that he doubted much whether Mr. V ANDlVER. Certainly. anything short of it would do in America. Mr. BARBER. Will you kindly state what kind of armor that Then, on page 887: was for which that contract was made? As to the Execntive- l\Ir. VAN DIVER. Harveyized steel. Mr. BASBER. Not the armor now asked for? Said Colonel Hamilton- it seemed to be admitted that no good one could be established on republican .Mr. VANDIVER. Now, I want to say to my friend from Penn­ principles. Was not this giving up the merits of the question, for can there sylvania that that armor-harveyized steel-is the very best that be a good government without a good executive? The English model was has been used so far, and the testimony before the Naval Com­ the only good one on the subject. The hereditary interest of the King was so interwoven with that of the mittee has never as yet shown that Krupp armor is any better­ nation, and his personal emolument so great, that he was placed above the only this, that according to the testimony of Admiral O'Neil and danger of being corrupted from abroad; and at the same time was both suffi­ some others before our committee it is possible by the Krupp ciently independent and sufficiently controlled to answer the purpose of the process to make it more uniformly what is contracted for, and institution at home. One of the weak sides of republics was their being liable to foreign influences and corruption. Men of little character, acquiring great granting that, that makes it better, I will admit; yet I want to power, become easily the tools of intermeddling neighbors. say that Krupp armor is not any better than harveyized armor at Again, from page 886: its best, and I think I have for that statement the authority of What is the inference from all these observations? That we ought to go Admiral O'Neil himself, who says that he bas no reason to believe as far, in order to attain stability and permanency, as republican principles that the Krupp process costs any more. will admit. Let one 1.Jranch of the legislature hold their places for life, or at Mr. BARBER. Will you read what he says about it? least during good behavior. Let the executive also be for life. Mr. VANDIVER. In other wo1ds, that harveyized armor Then, from page 892, section 10, of Hamilton's Plan of Govern­ plate is sometimes made as good as a plate of the Krupp armor; ment: .· and, furthermore. I want to say that we have before this commit­ All laws of the particular States contrary to the Constitution or laws of tee no evidence whatever to show that Krupp armor really costs the United States to be utterly void; and the better to prevent such laws any more than harveyized armor. . being passed, the governor of each State shall be appointed by the General Government, and shall have a negative upon the laws about to be passed in Mr. GAINES. Will my friend yield to me? the State of which he is to be governor or president. 1\:Ir. BARBER. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a question? I read again from page 886: The progress of the public mind led him [Colonel Hamilton] to anticipate The CHAIRMAN. To whom does the gentleman yield? the time when others, as well as himself, would join in the praise bestowed Mr.VANDIVER. I will yield now to the gentleman from Ten­ by Mr. Neckar on the British constitution; namely, that it is the only gov­ nessee and afterwards to the gentleman from Pennsylvania. ernment in the world "which unites pubL."tl strength with individual se· l\Ir. GAINES. It is a historical fact that the Krupp process is curity." not a recent one; and is it not a fact that it was in use in Europe And added: when the harveyized iron was carried over there by Carnegie and Their House of Lords is a most noble institution, * * ,.,. no temporary these other companies who underbid and sold it, and caused har­ Senate will have firmness enough to answer the purpose. veyized steel to be used in Europe? By temporary Senate he referred to the plan then under discus­ Mr. VANDIVER. I think it is. sion, to elect Senators for the term of seven years. He wanted J\.Ir. GAINES. My information is that that is the fact. them, if elected at all, to be elected" for life," as remarked before. Mr. BARBER. But is that the fact? In his testimony Secre­ Other great minds in that Convention seriously doubted the wis­ tary Long and Admiral O'Neil both say that this Krupp iron did dom of ti·usting all the power of government in the bands of the not come into existence until about two years ago, and was not people. While they rejoicea in having freed their country from manufactured untH then . the tyranny of kings, they were unable to free their minds from .Mr. GAINES. It was proved that it was an old patent last the influence of long-standing monarchical customs and theories session by the gentleman from California, Mr. Hilborn. of government inherited from the mother country. The Declara­ l\1r. BARBER. Read the portion of Admiral O'Neil's state­ tion of Independence had been proclaimed eleven years before, ment in which he says that Krupp armor only came in two years and the best blood of America had sealed its adoption. But its ago. vital truths were again assailed, and this time imperiled in the · Mr. VANDIVER. The arguments will all be gone over by very Convention which was to give them application in the or­ those who have more time than I have just now. gani

Brougham as "the ve:ry greatest refinement in social polic"y to home? Let us be practical and sensible if we are going to r2ason which a_ny state of circumstances has ever given rise or to which on the basis of business prudence. You know it is utter folly to any age has ever given birth." expect American laborers to go there and compete with Chinese From that day to this that Constitution has been the bulwark and Filipinos who work for 10 cents a day. You know, too, that of our freedom, the sheet anchor of our political faith, the Magna the climate is such that a white man•can scarcely endure it, and Charta of our liberties. Shall we abandon it? That is the ques­ no American citizen is going there to build a home for himself tion. Shall we ignore it for the cheap glory which flatters our and family. You tell us that it is to offer a field for development vanity in waving a flag OVl:'r distant islands of the sea, while we by our children as they grow up. deny to their inhabitants the blessings which it guarantees to us? God grant that mine may never be driven out of the heaven· If so, I want to know what we are to gain by the change. What blessed land of their birth to hunt for a home among the sands have we to gain and what to lose? and fever-stricken swamps of Luzon and Mindanao. I bid yon Gentlemen who uphold this imperial policy have not the cour­ remember, sir, that the population of the United States is not age to call it by its right name. They call it expansion, growth, more than 23 persons to the squarn mile, and in the Philippine development, spread of civilization, "Christian civilization;" and Isla.nds it is 73, or more than three times as thick. Climate, dis­ tell us that we are to gain great prestige among the nations of the tance, and population, then, will altogether exclude the proba­ world and great commercial advantages for onr enterprising bility of the average American getting anything out of this in· people. vestment. Then for whom is it made? Prestige and power, commerce and development, glory and des­ Consider it, secondly; from the standpoint of the Govemment. tiny, these are the seductive phrases behind which imperialism Are we as a nation to profit by it? Remember that the total im· seeks to conceal its hideous form. Examine them. They are the ports of the islands have neyer averaged more than $12,000,000 a. favorite expressions of the imperialist. They are not mine; they year, and the collection of one-half that sum in taxes would be are his. Add to these the magic words "trade," "profit," "per enormous, even under· the most rapacious and cold-blooded sys­ ·cent," "the flag" (with "the appropriation" attached), and" the tem of taxation without representation, so that six millions a year gospel,': and you have exhausted the vocabulary of this new im­ would be a large sum to expect as the revenues of the province, if perialism, which comes to us in the guise of "benevole11.t assimi­ province you make it. lation." Over against that sum place the expense of an army and navy Opposed to these I pluck from the vocabulary of true American­ and a long list of carpetbag governors, judges, marshals, and ism the words "home,"" country,"" native land,}'" freedom," other civil-officers, with transportation from seven to ten thousand "truth,"'; duty," "justice,"" honor," "integrity," "humanity," miles-for all of these things must be taken into consideration-and ''right,"'' life," "liberty," and ''happiness." These are the terms you will find that not six millions, nor even sixty millions, will in which exalted patriotism lifts its voice above the clamor of the cover the bill. During the present fiscal year three times sixty hypocritical stock gamblers and speculators. The others are the millions will scarcely more than meet the expense account of our best terms which the apologists for the new doctrine of empire Philippine investment. After we have subdued the natives-if can em ploy to conceal their policy. anybody can tell when that is to be-perhaps the budget will not Now, examine these pretenses and see what they claim for us. be so large. · Stripped of all their glittering verbiage, they are all resolved into But an army of twenty to forty thousand men will always be three-the glory of prestige, the prospect of profit, and the sanc­ needed there to keep down insurrections, and a large naval force suf• tion of Providence, These, and only these, have been in various ficient to guard our possessions against the encroachments of other forms put forward by the President and his champions on this powers will always be considered necessary for the maintenance floor. I invite you to analyze them, examine them in detail. of our sovereignty. I do not see how the annual appropriations "Prestige!" Think about it, gentlemen, as an excuse for aban­ from the United States Treasury for the naval, military, and civil doning the principles of our fathers, principles which have for administration of these islands can be reduced much below a hun· four generations pointed us to the paths of peace and honor. dred millions of dollars, and it is likely to be much more. Think of it, gentlemen, as an excuse for an expensive and destruc­ In short, then, with an income of six millions a year-which in tive foreign war. Aye, 1$entlemen, think of it as the glittering time, possibly by enlarged importations, might be increased to bauble with which ambitious kings a.re wont to amuse themselves. ten millions-the Government expense account would have to be We are told by a distinguished Administration Senator [Mr. evened up by drawing from the Treasury of the United States BEVERIDGE] that this new prestige is to be "an instrument of about $90,000,000 of the people's money each year. This is the statecraft, looking to our future as the dominant power of the investment we are asked to make, and call it profitable. world." Let me remind you that we have been the dominant But in the third place I think I can see a prospect of profit for power in the Western Hemisphere ever since James .Monroe an­ certain people who have money to put into such enterprises as nounced to the world that no European nation would be allowed railroads, street-car lines, electric-light plants, waterworks, and to acquire territory or meddle in the affairs of this continent. other things in the nature of monopolies, which require a Gov~ That "prestige" has been maintained as a safeguard for our ernment charter or franchise, provided they are in touch with the own interests and a protection to the liberties of the Central and Administration which will control these franchises. South American republics from that day to this, and even Grover Already this is being done to some extent, and as soon as peace· Cleveland won the plaudits of America in the declining days of able conditions prevail I apprehend there will be some rush of • his career by reasserting it. But the Monroe doctrine is now to capital for this kind of investment. In short, sir, these islands be abandoned and our power in the Western Hemisphere to be are to be exploited by the adventurous speculators and contractors surrendered for the privilege of mixing up in the petty quarrels who are the friends and favored pets of the Government, ancl in of Eastern despots, being eternally. involved in the turmoil of a few years every valuable public franchise will be in the hands European politics. of this class of people. In short, we are to exchange the absolute power which the We know how difficult it is to curb their selfishness at home, Monroe doctrine gave us over the destiny of the Western Hemi­ when their extortions are under our own eyes and their powerful sphere for the privilege of wearing a Chinese pigtail in the Orient protectors in the Government to some extent amendable to pub· and a British badgein the rest of the world, and call it ''prestige." lie sentiment. But when they are 10,000 miles rE:moved from all Now, Mr. Chairman, as to the prospect of profit, I desire to sub­ restraint of the people that make the government, who shall set mit only a few brief observations. First, let me say that this low bounds to their exactions? These are the peopls who want the plane of consideration for a great national policy, or change of islands and will reap the profit. policy, is exceedingly discreditable to us as a people. But it has But, sir, who shall hear the complaint of underpaid labor and been coldly and brutally asserted by Adminjstration Senators and overtaxed public? Yon answer, ''The colonial governor." Yes; editors who support this expansion movement that the Philippine the colonial governor, the royal governor, who holds his high Islands are to be held and forcibly annexed to the United States commission, not from the people of the country which he is to because they afford a profitable opportunity for the investment of govern; no; not from the people of any country, but from the American capital and a field for the development of American emperor at Washington, on the opposite side of the globe, the industries. governor and tha franchise grabber in partnership, the governor It·is a base and unworthy motive; but base and unworthy as it and taxgatherer in one. is, it must be met, because there are some people who are unable This is the history of colonial government from the days of the to rise to the consideration of any higher question than that of Persian satrap and the Roman proconsul down to the last of the gain or loss. So, putting the question on this low plane, I want British viceroys in India and South Africa. Aye, sir, from the to know who it is we are legislating for? Are we to consider the time of Christ, when the Roman government farmed out the taxes interests of the whole people or only a favored few? It seems to of Judea to be collected on the shares by a greedy governor, down me that this question of material gain or loss must be treated to the scourge of suffering Ireland by British landlords, the "pub­ from the standpoint of three different parties. lican" has been a term of reproach and the foreign taxgatherer First, will the average American citizen, without capital, find an object of universal hatred. Cicero denouncing the tyranny of anything to induce him to form a settlement in the Philippine the Roman governor over Si-Oily made the name of Veres the sym­ Islands? Will he go there to secure employment or to establish a bol of immortal infamy. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4325

Macaulay immortalizes the victorious career of Lord Clive, the perialism. The issue is clearly defined: Shall the United States first franchise governor of India, but must apologize for his pil­ of America be a republic, or shall it be an empire governed by a lage. Edmund Burke, in the greatest oration ever deU-vered by monarch? an Englishman, forever embalmed the name of Warren Hastings The very essence of imperialism is centralized power in the in the literature of colonial misgovernment. The English land­ hands of one man, backed by an army to execute his commands. lords have for thne hundred years sucked the best blood of Ire­ Whenever that powm· extends to the government of distant prov­ land, until famine, pestilence, and poverty have well-nigh crushed inces, it becomes tyrannical and despotic. Your POI'to Rican the spirit of the most heroic race whose valor ever inspired the tariff bill was bad enough; MO bad. indeed, that it met with a world. And now Great Britain's mo2t gigantic effort of the cen­ storm of abuse even from the Republican press throughout the tury is being made to stretch the royal scepter over the republics country. of South Africa, whose heroic resistance kindles the admiration But your Porto Rican civil government bill, which you tacked of freemen in e>ery quarter of the globe. on to it and rushed through this House with only three hours for In fact, sir, a large part of the history of the world is taken up its consideration, is ten times worse, and I believe will meet with with this strgggle for empire; and lately it seems to have broken the condemnation which it deserves beforn the ides of November out afresh. On both sides of the Atlantic great military and naval come. armaments are being fitted out for conquest in distant lands. That bill, while pretending to be for the relief of the distressed British imperjalism is crushing the sphit of liberty in South people of that island, fastens upon the-m an army of Government Africa, while McKinley imperialism, having repudiated the noble officials, appointed by the President, with fat salaries to be drawn sentiment that ''forcible annexation is criminal aggression," now from the sweat and the toil of Porto Rican taxpayers, and with hurls our brave battalions against the weak and helpless Filipinos, every opportunity for pillage and plunder-salaries 25 per cent who refuse to submit to a foreign yoke and a colonial government, higher, too, than the average salaries cf State officers throughout which is condemned by all experience and all wisdom. the Union. Every executive officer, from the governor down to Mr. Chairman, on this very point the greatest English historian the spittoon cleaner, is to be a carpetbagger appointed from since the death of Lord Macaulay has been often quoted, and I Washington-a politician repudiated and out of a job at home. read here his exact words. There is a part of the secret of it-a hundred or a thousand I read from the first chapter of James Anthony Froude's l!lore places to be filled with lnmgry o:ffice-seekeTs, living on the Sketch of Cresar, one of the most thoughtful works of history proceeds of other men's labor, and fattening on the plunder of which has been given to the world during the last quarter of the the people who came under our flag because they thought it was century: ' the symbol of freedom. They came willingly, too. They offered no resistance to the army of General Miles. They hoisted our The early Romans possessed the faculty of self-government beyond any people of whom we have historical knowledge, with the one exception of our­ flag, believing it stood for our Constitution and our free institu­ selves. In virtue of their temporal freedom, they became the most powerful tions. nation in the known world; and their liberties perished only when Romo And now, not content with filling their executive offices, you go became the mist.ress of conquered races to whom she was unable or unwill­ ing to extend hE>r privileges. further and appoint the upper house of their legislative assembly, If England were similarly supreme, if all rival powers were eclipsed by their State senators. And to make your power more secure, you her or laid under her feet, the imperial tendencies, which are as ~trongly give this alien-appointed governor the veto power so framed as to marked in us as our love for liberty, might le'l.d us over the same course to make it practically absolute over all their legislation. Do you the same end. If there be one les:;;on whkh history teaches, it is this: That free nations can not govern subject provinces. If they are unable or unwill­ pretend to believe that these extraordinary powers of carpet-bag ing to admit their dependen<'ies to share their own constitution, the consti­ rule will not be abused? I tell you that the history of the world tution will fall in pieces from mere incompetence for its duties. affords no example to encourage your belief. I repeat this "one lesson which history teaches." "It is this" On the contrary, I assert, and am prepared to prove, that no (hear it, gentlemen; it ought to be engraven in granite): "that colonial system of government by officers appointed from a distance free nations can not govern subject provinces." I sincerely wish ever was, in any country or any age of the world, for any length that it may be written in the hearts of my countrymen. of time administered for the good of the governed. The satraps Mr. Chairman these are not the words of a politician. They are of Persia ruined every province of the empire. The proconsuls of not the words of a flatterer seeking favor at the White House. Rome demolished Carthage, and finally impoverished every prov­ They are the words of a great man, far removed from political ince from the Euphrates to the Pillars of Hercules. prejudice. They are solemn words of warning from the high Spain crushed the life out of every colony she had. English priest of history. colonial governors, though less rapacious than others, drove the And now, sir, alongside of them I desire to place the word~ of American colonies to revolt. Englishgold-hun ters and government another great historian, whose work will ever be cherished as one speculators are now crushing out the republics of South Africa, of the highest achievements of the human mind. I quote from and a hundred millions of people are now groaning and starving memory, as the volume is not now at my command. But Lord under British rule in India. Gibbon, in his great work The Decline and Fall of the Roman Mr. Chairman, in proof of this last statement, one has only to re­ Empire, informs us that- flect on the history of British rule in India; how a great corpora­ tion (the East India Company) grew rich out of the robbery of The wisest advice which Augustus Cresar left to his successors was that the natives and then became the governjng power of the country, they should confine the empire to the limits which nature had prescribed for it. embracing as it now does a population of 200,000,000 of people, who are kept in such abject poverty that a failure of a single crop brings The fatal results of not following that advice are fully set forth a famine upon the whole land. by the great historian. · But the story is too well known. I need So great indeed has the distress become that on an average once not repeat it. Ambition for empire has been the ruin of great in every three years the people of that once prosperous country statesmen and great soldiers, as well as great governments, mon­ must appeal to the charity of other lands for relief. To-day they archie2, and republics, in all ages. The story is the same, whether are starving by the millions in a. land which only a few years ago Cambyses goes out to conquer Egypt, or Alexander to add the furnished breadstuffs for half the population of London. Two kingdoms of Asia to his dominion; whether Xerxes crosses the years ago the colony of British subjects of India then residents in Hellespont, or Cresar pauses on the banks of the Rubicon. London made a formal appeal, which was published in the Lon~ It is the same whether George the Third hurls his British regu­ don Times, from which I quote these words: lars against American patriots, or William McKinley dispatches That this conference of Indians resident in the United Kingdom is of our fleets and armies to the conquest of the Orient. It is un­ opinion that all of the evils and" terrible misery " that India has been suffer­ bridled ambition, the ruin of men and of nations. ing for a. century and a half.: and of which the latest developments are the most deplorable famine ana plague arising from. ever-increasin!{ poverty. Mr. Chairman, heretofore the student of history and politics could That of all of these the main cause is the unrighteous and un-Brit1sh system only point to the general tendency of events and the fondness of of government which produces an unceasing and ever· increasing bleeding the Republican party for strong centralized government, and of the country, and which is maintained by a political hypocrisy and sub­ terfuge unworthy of British honor, * * * remembering that England designate their policy as one of imperialism. No thoughtful, can­ drains from India some £80,000,000 ($150,000,000) per year. did man, acquainted with the history of nations, could deny that charge. But the plausible politician could evade it by fixing the Aft-er all, :Mr. Chairman, I feel that this is the real cause why the attention of voters upon more concrete questions and other dis­ ''power behind the throne" here is pushing the Administration eases of the body politic, because they were in their more acute on in its mad rush forcolQnial empire. Theyexpecttodrainfrom stages. Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippines as British landlords and Butlastweek this question of imperialism versus democracy was bondholders drain from India and South Africa. In the name of lifted out of the region of historical investigation and the refine­ humanity and justice, I ask, sir, why we are to ignore for their ments of political philosophy into the clear sunlight of present ex­ benefit the lessons ah·eady learned and so forcibly impressed by perience. It is no longer a political or metaphysical abstraction. the history of other nations? It is now a substantial and concrete question. You tell us it is "Providence;" "it is manifest destiny;" "it is Your Porto Rican bill is the very embodiment of concrete im- survival of the fittest." l tell you, in reply, I do not believe that 4326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17,

Providence ever ordained the sword and the ·Gatling gun as in­ the front of a naval battle, was uttered by a worthy son of the struments for the spread of" Christian civilization "-if, indeed, State of New Jersey, Capt. James Lawrence, of Burllngton. there is any such thing in this selfish world as a'' Christian civili­ Coming here as a member of Congress from a State that bas zation "-terms which have come to be only a cloak of hypocrisy been so closely identified with the affairs and deeds of the Navy, to conceal the devil's own purposes. I do not believe that Provi­ it is a source of great gratification to me that as a member of tbe dence licensed 300 saloons in Manila in six months after Ameri­ Naval Committee, which on a former occasion presented to the cans took control as missionaries of Christian life and doctrine. House a scheme for the enlargement of the Navy, we ·prov1ded, I do not believe your "doctrine of survival of the fittest" is any­ among other items, for the building of one of the mightiest and thing more than the survival of the strongest and robbery of the most formidable fighting ships ever designed, and which will be weakest. named the New Jersey; and if, sailing under the American flag, Aye, sir, the plea of Providence and destiny is the same old pre­ she shall be called upon to go forth in defense of our national tense with which ambitions tyrants in all ages have salved their honor, she will be a fitting emblem of that patriotic support that consciences when starting out to pillage and plunder their neigh­ ever has been and ever will be given to the Navy by the State bors. William McKinley salves his con&cience with the same whose honored name she \vill bear. unction that George III applied to his. Therefore, Mr. Chairman, representing as I do in part so noble The CHAIRMAN (Mr. BROSIUS). The gentleman from Mis­ and patriotic a State, I am proud of the privilege of standing here souri asks permission to extend his remarks· in the RECORD. Is to-day and placing upon the records of this House my indorsement there objection? f After a pause.] The Chair hears none. of this bill, which contains, I believe, the proper and necessary, Mr. GAINES. I would like to ask the gentleman from Mis­ though not extravagant, provisions for still further advancing the souri, before he takes his seat, if it is not a fact that the Bethlehem efficiency of our already creditable but inadequate Navy. Company sold harveyized armor plate in Europe for 8249 a ton? In the light of recent events, it is difficult to understand how M.1·. V ANDlVER. It is a fact that the Carnegie Company sold any gentleman on this floor can justify opposition to a. reasonable the Russian Government armor plate at $250 a ton, and I have no scheme for the upbuilding of the Navy, which is recommended by evidence to show that it was any less than the cost of it. our able Secretary of the Navy, indorsed by our most eminent Mr. GAINES. The company never claimed that it was less authorities on matters pertaining to the need~ of the naval service, than the cost of it, and there is no record to show it. • concurred in and presented by the Committee on Naval Affairs :Mr. VAN DIVER. How much time have I remaining, Mr. after long and careful analysis of the various items and investiga­ Chairman? tion as to the necessity for providing them. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman has five minutes. If, in the face of the fact that the counb.·y demands effective Mr.VANDIVER. I yield that time to the gentleman from Ohio. defense of our property and commercial interests, there are mem­ I believe my colleague on the committee, Mr. LouDENSLA.GER, bers of this House who would hesitate to comply with those de­ wishes to address the House. mands; let them invoke the spirit of our forefathers to guide their M.r. LOUDENSLAGER. Mr. Chairman, I want to ask unani­ action upon this measure. mous consent of the committee, before I begin, to extend my re­ The records of the Continental Congress show that on the 13th marks in the RECORD and to print therein some figures and data. of October, 1775, Silas Deane, John Adams, and John Langdon The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New Jersey asks unani­ were appointed as a naval committee. This marked the origin of mous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD and to print the Committee on Naval Affairs. They were authorized to pro­ some.figures and data. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The vide two swift sailing vessels. one to carry 10 guns and a propor­ Chair bea1·s none. , tionate number of swivels and to be manned by 80 men, the other Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Mr. Chairman, in supporting the to carry 14 guns and the necessary number of men. This was the efforts of my colleagues in behalf of the bill now before this body first official step toward the formation of a national American for consideration I find many sources of satisfaction. In the navy. first place, I deem it an honor to be a member of the Committee On October 30 of the same year, only aeventeen days later, the on Naval Affairs, whose work forms so important a part of the Congress authorized the construction of two more ships, larger duties of the Rouse of Representatives and which has to do, and more efficient than the others-one of 20 and the other of 36 perhaps, more than any other committee with providing means guns-and at the same time the naval committee was enlarged for def ending the national honor and protecting the vast business by the addition of three members-Stephen Hopkins, Joseph Har­ interests of the United States, both at home and abroad. ris, and Richard Henry Lee. I derive no little pride from the fact that since I have been as­ Nine days later, on November 9, Congress authorized two bat- sociated with that committee I have stood at all times with those talions of marines to be raised. · of my colleagues who have steadfastly pmsued the policy of build­ On December 13, 1775, two months after it was appointed, the ing up a navy for the United States that will be adequate to the naval committee made its first report to Congress, recommending needs of so great and glorious a nation; for if ever a public policy the construction of 13 ships-5 of 32 guns, 5 of 28 guns, and 3 of has been vindicated, if ever the foresight of man in providing for 24 guns capacity. This recommendation was approved by Con­ the exigencies of the future has by subsequent events been dem­ gress, and the construcH:on of the vessels was authorized. The onstrated to have been wise, the history of the year 1898 can not estimated cost of these vessels was $900,000. be truthfully written without according honor and credit to those On December 22 of the same year the naval committee re­ public men who, since 1883, have planned or aided in the schemes ported a list of naval officers, which included the names of Esek for the construction of a navy for the United States that would Hopkins as commander in chief and John Paul Jones as one of be commensurate with the urgent needs of this, the most impor­ the fast lieutenants. tant branch of the public defense. The first naval effort or cruise of the infant navy was com­ I am also proud, Mr. Chairman, of the record that the State of manded by Esek Hopkins, and he embarked upon that mission New Jersey has made in connection with the United States Navy. only two and a half months after the appointment of the first She has three times been represented in the Cabinet by a Secre­ naval committee. tary of the Navy in the persons of Hon. Samuel L. 8outhard, Maclay describes Esek Hopkins as "a most experienced and Hon. Mablon Dickerson, and by a pPedecessor in this House from venerable sea captain," and of his taking command of the first my own Congressional district, Hon. George M. Robeson, and in American fleet he says: the hands of these gentlemen reposed the administration of the At 9 o'clock on a clear, frosty morning earlyinJanuary, 1776,he (Hopkins) Ni.VY Department for eighteen years. slipped into his barge at the foot of Walnut street, Philadelphia, where a squadron of eight cruisers had been collected, and amidst the discharge of Not only has New Jersey been thus ably represented in the high­ artillery and the cheers of the mu1 titnde he made his way through the float­ est position of command of the Navy, but she has at all times, in ing ice to his flagship, tbe .Alfred. When he gained the deck the signal was every exigency of war, furnished her full quota of "the men be­ given, and Lieut. John Paul Jones hoisted a yellow silk flag bearing the de­ hind the guns," and to-day she is conspicuous for her activity in vice of a pine tree and a rattlesnake, \vith the motto, "Don't tread on me." the maintenance of the Naval Militia, which, in any future neces­ This was the first flag hoisted on an America.n man-of-war. sity, will offer for the nation's defense the services of the same Mr. Chairman, this historical event has additional interest for gallant fighting material that supported the commanders in the me, from the fact that on that occasion of the birth of the Ameri­ memorable battles of Manila and Santiago. can Navy, when the plucky little squadron weighed anchor in the The recent marvelous achievements of our Navy are so fresh in harbor of Philadelphia, in going forth to fight in the cause of lib­ our minds that we can still hear the echoes of the battle cry that erty they sailed for 100 miles along the shore which forms a thrilled our sailor boys and spurred them on to victory, '' Remem­ boundary of the district which I have the honor to represent. ber the Maine;" but appropriate and effective as was that reminder And it appears to be an appropriate coincidence that in the Dela­ of the dastardly act to be avenged, it was applicable only to the ware River harbor of Philadelphia, near the spot where the Ameri­ war in which it originated. But there is another, an older, battle can Navy was born, there is located the shipyard wherein are cry, one that has been repeated for a century and which will be constructed some of our powerful modern battle:ships, as well as appropriate for all time, "Don't give up the ship," and this appeal some of the highest types of wa.r ves~els for foreign countries. of a wounded officer, while being carried by his comrades from Mr. Chairman, the record which I have referred to as showiDg · 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4327

what was accomplished in a little more than two months by the Thus the security of life and property and the protection to trade first naval committee of the Continental Congress very clearly and commerce of New Jersey, whose material wealth is more than exhibits the energy and ability of our forefathers in the enact­ one and a half billions of dollars, or nearly one-fortieth of that of ment of legislation looking toward the establishment of a navy. the whole nation, depends largely upon the protection of an ade­ Grasping as if by magic a knowledge of the true situation pre­ quate navy. sented by the impending struggle between the American colomes While this bill proposes the appropriation of a larger amount and Great Britain, they comprehended the fact that, like all other of money than any other previous bill, yet it representl a very wars, the result of the conflict would be mainly-a question of the large reduction in the amount estimated for by the Department superiority of naval force. How well they builded is clearly as being absolutely necessary. shown by the history of that memorable contest. The general complaint that has been made in the past concern­ The Navy occupies a unique position in the affection~ of the ing the appropriations for this Department of our public service, people. At all times and in every country possessing a navy there which bas come under my observation, has been of a lack of has always existed among all classes of people a warmth of pride sufficiency than otherwise. for the sailor which has not been bestowed upon any other class The committee have given the matter careful and painstaking of men. This may be due to that peculiar condition of peril that consideration, extending over many days and including ~olu­ always surrounds him, not only in wa.r, but in time of peace. But minous hearings toward its preparation, and it is pleasurable to above and beyond all these considerations is the keen appreciation state in this connection that it is not the product of any partisan and deep love which our people entertain for our Navy and its consideration, but represents the judgment of those who have heroes, whose gallant deeds in all our conflicts fill many pages of considered this subject trom a purely American standpoint, and history. is submitted by the committee with the hope and belief that it The country unanimously supports the policy of strengthening won1d commend itself to the approval of the House and of the this the most important means of our country's defense. The peo­ country. ple know that parsimony along this line proves in the end to be 'l"here was not an American citizen that possessed a spark of the wHdest extravagance, and that logical and reasonable liberality patriotic feeling for his country when the war was declared with in providing protection to our commercial interests at home and Spain that was not filled with regret and humiliation that our abroad is indeed a measure of true economy. We are a peaceful Navy was ito unprepared for a conflict that a great portion of an nation. We never have sought and never will seek a conflict emergency appropriation of $50,000,000 was required toward sup­ with other nations, but the surest means of maintaining peace is plying its deficiency in strength and in obtaining munitions of to at all times be prepared for war. war, and that under that emergency great sums of money were The degree in which a nation is respected and feared is mea~­ sent abroad for those things that were so urgently needed-ships urad by the strength of its navy, and in all the international wa.rs and supplies- that were theproductof the labor of the underpaid in the past that nation has come off victorious which has been mechanics of foreign countries. supported by the strongest and most efficient navy. Because of our dire necessity and the limited stock available, Never before has there been so great a competition between the we were compelled to pay to the foreign manufacturers such leading nations of the world in the line of foreign commerce as prices as enabled them to reap tremendous profits. Had the warn­ now, but foreign commerce can not be maintained to any con­ ings of the more liberal and patriotic members of the Naval Com­ siderable extent by a nation which is not prepared to protect its mittees in recent Congresses been heeded, we should have found interests against the encroachments of stronger competitors for ourselves better prepared for our national defense, and those vast such trade. The United States is one of tbe most extensive pro­ sums of money would have been expended in our own country in ducing nations, and upon the securing and maintaining of for­ the purchase of American materials from American producers, and eign markets for the surplus products of our factories and farms the building of the needed ships would have been by American depend our prosperity, and for this pm'J)ose an efficient navy is mechanics and laborers who would have reaped the benefit of that required. labor for themselves and their families. 'fhe present need for an increase of our Navy may be better com­ But the lesson of the Spanish-American war has been a useful prehended from a compat"ative statement of the navies of the prin­ one. All classes of citizens desire that there shall be no recurrence cipal maritime powers of the world, the amount of our vast and of the condition in which we found ourselves at the beginning of rapidly increasing foreign commerce as compared with that of that war, and with this knowledge, and with a knowledge of how those nations, and also the number of miles of seacoast and navi­ deficient our Navy is to-day as compared with the navies of the gable bays ancl rivers as compared with the seacoast of those coun­ other great nations, we have prepared and prernnted this measure. tries. The various tables and figures which I have in this connec­ It is not the product of partisan thought or action, but represents tion I will submit with · my remarks and have them printed. the careful and considerate thought and judgment of a true Ameri­ While some of them have already been presented in the report of can spirit. It is merely a conservative step along that line of the committee and elsewhere, I have never seen them presented in policy for our Navy that was begun in 1883, and is in conformity this manner. with the policy pursued by the other great maritime nations, These show the amount of our commerce with foreign countries, although the increase proposed is not nearly so extensive as that the menace to our country from an ex.tended exposed seacoast, and planned by them. the danger to the safety of our interests in time of war. There is No matter what our policy may bo concerning our recent ac­ shown the strength of our Navy, which is to afford protection to quisitions, or how much diversity of thought and feeling regard­ our foreign trade. ing their final disposition or control, no matter whether they shall When we compare the magnitude of our gt'eat and rapidly in­ be colonies or Territories, the fact remains that with them, as creasing commerce with that of other nations and reflect that we without them, our foreign commerce has steadily increased, and are more extensively exposed to the attack of hostile navies than will continue to increase until it reaches the remotest parts of the any other nation, and yet our Navy ranks fourth among the navies world where trade exists or where the intelligent, energetic, and of the leading nations of the earth, we realize the importance of persistent efforts of our American people can establish it. For the increasing our Navy. protection of this present and future commerce an efficient navy In addition to the demand for the protection of our foreign will be required. commerce, the greatest need of a navy is for our home protection. All over om· broad land, from the Great Lakes, with their un­ Do the members of this House know or appreciate the fact that told wealth of commerce of the North, to the Gulf of Mexico, the general or the outer coast line of the United States-not in­ with its vast fleet of merchant vessels of the Southern trade; from cluding that of Alaska, the Great Lakes, or any of our island the storm-ridden coast of the Atlantic, whence go forth vast vol­ possessions-lies exposed to the attack of hostile navies for a dis­ umes of our products to Europe, to the calm and peaceful shores tance of 5,558 miles, and that, including the shores of navigable of the Pacific, busy with the heretofore undreamed of commerce bays and rivers, the line thus exposed equals 58,995 milee, making with the Orient, our '(>eople reallze the pressing need of an in­ in all an aggregate of 65,453 miles of our home shore open to creased Navy; and from this same broad expanse of country there attack and affording opportunities pf landing hostile armies, op­ comes to us the voice of our citizens approving every effort and posed only by such inadequate coast and naval defense as we now every action that has been taken or that is proposed toward in­ possess? Considering the outer coast line of the United States, it creasing, strengthening, and maintainjng the efficiency of our is greater than that of any other principal country and is nearly Navy until it shall take rank with the navies of the foremost na­ one-half of the general coast line of Great Britain and Ireland, tions of the world. France, Germany, Russia in Europe, and Italy combined. The mightiest and most formidable battle ship modern inge­ I submit heremth a table giving the details of our coast line nuity and ability can construct should be the flagship of an Ameri­ with that of other countries. can admiral. The strongest, swiftest, and most efficient cruisers In this connection, and speaking locally of my own State, I may that plow the seas should float the Stars and Stripes. The most say that nearly three-fourths of the boundary of New Jersey is destructive and deceptive types of torpedo boats and fleet de­ washed by waters navigable by naval vessels. and of the district stroyers should belong to our squadron, and all be manned by our which I have the honor to represent each one of the five counties gallant boys, who have demonstrated that they are the highest which compose it has a frontage upon such navigable waterway. type of naval warriors in the world, so.that our naval power shall 4328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE: APRIL 17,

be recognized, not only by our people, but by all the world, as are now una.ble to dock our largest ships in any of our yards, ex­ commensurate with the honor, d1gnity, and responsibility of this, cept at New York or Puget Sound, owing to the fact that none of the greatest nation under the sun. theyardsare equipped with dry docks of sufficient aize; and when Sufficient to peacefully guarantee on every sea, in every land we compare our facilities in this line with those of the other great and clime, full, ample, and absolute protection of the lives, liber­ powers, it clearly shows how negUgen t we have been in the past ties, and property of our humblest citizens who shall lawfully concerning their construction and enforces the recommendation claim tli'e protection of the American flag and all it implies, let of the Secretary of the Navy on this matter. the future American :Navy stand as a synonym for peace, protec­ The following table shows the number of dry docks of some of tion, and progressive civilization. the great ma1itime powers: . The reasons for this large appropriation are very clearly and Memorandu m showing num ber of g011e1-nment dry docks owned by principal tersely set forth in the report made by Chairman Foss, and are • maritime powers. comprised in those items to be expended for the maintenance and increase of our fleet. Country. Dry Floating. B_nild- With regard to the present provisions for the support of the docks. IDg. Navy, I desire to say that the amount canied in last year's bill ------!------was $48,099,969.58, and the amounts of the different deficiency France __ ---· ...... _------··· ------. -··------az ------· ---- · ----- Colonies ·----- ·--·-· ____ .. _------...... ------a bills was $5,245,000, making the total expenditure for 1900 $53,- Germany ______.... ··---- _---·· ----· ... ______8 ------T :::::-_:::: 344,969.58. Great Britain ••...• __ ·-----·-·-·-·-·---·-·--·-· .... 40 ____ .. --1------3 The amount carried by the bill now before us is 861,209,916.67, Colonies ·--·-- __ .••• _---- ...... ______------___ _ 20 Italy _---·-. ----- _------•. ·--· __ ----- _------· 11 3 ---- ·----- which is $13,109,947.07 more than was carried by the naval appro­ Japan------·----·------·-·-·· ------6 priation act of last year, and but $7,864,947.09 more than the total Russia ______---·------· --·--- _---·· ---· ---- 8 ------~- ======:::: appropriation for the last fiscal year. This difference is more than United States·------·----·------·--·-----··---·- 10 2 5 accounted for in the items of this bill which are expended or to be expended for the maintenance and increase of the Navy. The And when we remember that out of that 12 accredited to us increase in tl;te amount appropriated for the Bureau of Equipment many of them were constructed years ago and are only adequate is $698,597.42. This Bureau has charge of the equipping of our for the docking of our small vessels, and that we only have two vessels, and the extra amount of last year's expenditw·es 1s but of proper size and requirements for our large vessels, om· weak· $322,597.42, and is made absolutely necessary to enable this De­ ness in that line is clearly shown. partment to establish some new coaling stations and to provide for the increased cost of tran~portation of the supplies made nec­ APPENDIX. essary by reason of the distance between the base of supplies_and Naval tonnaqe. so many of our vessels. United Ger- The Bureau of Yards and Docks has an increase of $154,997.60. England. France. Russia. States. many. Italy. Japan. This Bureau has charge of the maintenance of all our navy-yards ------and stations, and the demand for this increase comes from the --- improvementof the old yards and the establishment of the new onea. Built: .Ax.B. S Cr-·---- ______----·-- _ SSl-,855 295,834 1117,ZW 48,519 112,229 H8,588 31,970 The appropriation for public works is $2,332,180.82 more than 131,660 44,080 17,415 24,113 17, :;nJ 21,950 last year. This is for the construction of new buildings and re­ Pr. Cr ----·-•-u··- 48!,165 125 888 ~:~i~ 61,659 53,389 42,112 51,602 pairs to old ones; for the purchase of new machinery and tools; Unpr. Cr-----·--- 38,510 44:063 8,400 11,397 43, 590 2,279 23,776 C.D ------50, 080 43,ct.">8 44,200 51,= 12,001 None. 10,280 also for and on account of new dry docks at our various navy­ 15,660 5,99! 5,160 4,026 11,542 4,120 Torp.Spec ------Ves ______·----- yards. These new buildings comprise all kinds and classes of 27 790 8,898 14, 301 None. l,~ 11,672 850 T.B.D ------23:375 590 24-0 273 None. 2,800 machine shops, construction building, equipment shops, and T.B------··--·-- 7 650 15,2'22 11,456 1,891 12,993 8,218 2,109 val'ious others made necessary for the use of the different bureaus Subs_-----·------None. 436 None. None. None. None. None. in order that the yards may be fitted in a proper degree to do the ------Tota.I.------_ 1,363, 745 584,333 m,200 193,967 ~.113 12il,6H: 148,957 repair work necessary to be done now, and which, by the report, - is far behind and awaiting an appropriation and these additions Building: to make the yards efficient. B. s ----·------238, 750 43, 765 145,672 135,625 100,620 44,516 60,4:50 The increase for the Bureau of Construction and Repair is Ar. Cr ...... ----·- 167,600 111,207 19,964 36,000 19,3-12 21,882 38,534 Pr. Cr------44 005 18,311 44,516 25,200 19,180 5,082 5,500 $3,000,000. The reason for this increase is made very clear in the Unpr. Cr------None. None. None. None. None. None. None. testimony of Admiral Hichbom. He states that last year's ap­ C. D------None. None. 4,126 12,940 None. None. None. Spec ______,---- None. None. 5,000 None. None. None. 6,740 propriation was exhausted by February 1 and that the work has Torp. Ves ___ , ____ None. None. None. None. None. None. None. been practically suspended awaiting further appropriation; that T. B. D---·------10,820 3,0-22 6, 9'i0 7,601 4,550 3,673 1 , ~ the expenditure of the Department is at the rate of $500,000 per T. B ------None. 3,915 1,000 2,~ None. 1,360 3, 054 month; that there are now 43 vessels lying at the different yards Subs------·-·- None. 936 None. N0ne. None. None. None. <------requiring repair, and in addition t-0 this there will be constantly ~1,175 181,186 227,Zl:B 219,558 145,692 76,513 115,478 added those vessels returning from the seat of war, all of which Total ------wi1l need more or less repair work upon them. Grand totaL •. 1,824,920 765,519 508,528 413,525 410,800 318,127 26!,435 ------= For the Bureau of Steam Engineering the appropriation is in­ Built since 1890= creased $1,465,000. The reasons for this increase are practically B. S -----·--·----- 532,350 173,083 205,822 184, 144 177,169 71,223 85,~ the same as those set forth by Admiral Hichborn concerning the A.r. Cr ...... 167,600 136,814 43, 197 53,415 19,342 39,085 60,484 Pr. Cr ...... ·---·- 429, 750 97,196 48,344 59,794 61,449 19,285 40,408 repairs of vessels. All of the vessels needing repair to their hull None. None. None. 9,687 9,549 None. 1,800 will also require new machinery or repairs on the old. Upon the E~B:·-~:::::::::: None. 3, 1534 18,346 19,179 None. None. None. proper efficiency of this branch depends very much the efficiency Spec------None. 5, 994, 8,605 None. 2,322 None. None. of our fleet. The speed and accurate working of the machinery Torp. Ves. of all classes------52,425 21,319 15,070 11,926 10,882 15, 739 8,roi of a vessel often determines success. ------The increase in the different bureaus above set forth amounts Total_, ______... 1,182,12;) 437, 94-0 339,384 333,145 %80,713 145,332 196,396 to the sum of $7,650,775.84, or just about the difference in the amount carried in this bill and the total amount of the expendi­ B. S. =Battle ships, i. e., vessels usually of large tonnage (the present prac­ tice giving between 10,500 and 15,000 tons), with maximum offense and tures for tl:re naval service during the last year. defense; proteetion to hull by vertical side armor; protective deck; coal The additional amount in this bill for the specialitem of increas­ bunkers and cellulose; guns protected by barbettes, turrets, casemates, ing the Navy over the amount in last year's bill is $6,598,680.09. and shields. .Ax. Cr.= Armored cruisers, i.e., >essels of moderate to large tonnage, with 'l'his increase is required in order that the Department may be protection to hull and battery similar to that of battle shi:ps, except that able to make the payments on the new vessels under construction the thickness of metal in all cases is much less, which with the weight that become payable this year. saved by carrying lighter guns gives opportunity to make the speed and The total of these amounts above enumerated is $14,249,455.93, steaming radius of the armored cruiser much greater than the battle ship. Pr. Cr.=Protected cruisers, i.e., vessels usually of small to moderate ton­ or more than $1,000,000 more than the difference between the nage, with protection to hull by protective deck, coal bunkers, and cel­ amount carried in this bill and the amount appropriated in the lulose. No side armor. No turrets or barbettes or casemates; guns pro· tected by gun shields. naval bill of last year. Unpr. Cr.= Unprotected cruisers, i.e., vessels without any of the protection I have taken the above items of the bill in order to explain some of the above classes. It will be noticed that no country has constructed of the reasons, and to me the most practical ones, for the increased a vessel of this class for many years. appropriation. As this expenditure will be made in the direct line C. D. =Coast defense, i.e., vesseLq with many of the characteristics of B. S., inhavints" thick armor for hull and battery protection; large guns; small of maintaining the present efficiency of the vessels in the Navy, or speed; limited coal supply, which means small steaming radius. Usually of the plants required to repair them, or in the direct increa.se of these vessels have low free-board and are not good seagoing vessels. our Navy, the need of the same is appru:ent and is clearly set forth Especial attention is invited to the fact that no country, except the United States and Russia, has constructed such a vessel for many years. in the reports of the Secretary of the Navy and the different bureau This point is regarded as very important in estimating the naval strength chiefs, and by their further testimony before the committee. of the several powers. One of the additions to our navy-yardB is new dry docks. We The expresSion "coast defense" as applied to ships is almost unknown 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4329

abroad. It appears in the United States in the construction of the moni­ Vessels which can not be used in battle again:Jt modern ships. tor class and in France in the furor with which the construction of sub­ maririe boats is lmdertaken. A study of the policy of the real maritime nations-England and Ger­ Tyve. Number. many-shows that tho defense is always to be offense. Both these coun­ tries are building only seagoing battle ships, large C1-Uisers, and all torpedo boat construction has been a'bandoned for the construction of torpedo boat deitroye1·s. Iron low-freeboard monitor!> ______------·------9 Torp. Ves.=Torpedo vessels, a clas.q 100 to 1,000 tons, which experience has 1 shown to have neither tha merits of gunboats nor of sufficient speed to 1 catch torpedo boats; and therefore construction of this class has ceased. 3 T. B. D. =Torpedo-boat destroyers, vesselsc;f 200 to4.-00 tons, strong construc­ Wooden¥rF.4;i!:~~~~:======:;::~~======cruisers ______------____ ------·------_ 11 Wooden sailing vessels ______-~---- ______------_------12 tion, good seagoing qualities, very high speed, and large steaming i·adius. Tug"S _---- _____ -- ______---- .• _------_---- __ ----- __ ---- __ . --- _----- __ T. B. =Tornado boats, vessels from 30 to 200 tons, no longer being built in Colliers ______, __ . ______------______. __ _ 42 England or Germany, which, r.s above stated, are building only the 16 destroyer. Miscellaneous ------______------______------_----- _------__ 11 The data which follow are taken from a British Parliamentary paper en­ titled "Return 'showing tho fleets of Great Britain, France, Russia, Ger­ Total. ____ ------.. ------106 many, Italy, United States of America, and Japan, distinguishing: Battle ships, built and building; cruisers, built and building; coast-defense vessels, '.rota! number of vessels on Navy list ______------____ 300 built and building: torpedo vessels, torpedo-boat destroyers. and torpedo MARCH 9, 1900. . boats, built and building,'" which, as therein stated. is compiled from the official list of each navy, and have been supplemented by flOille fuller and later data on hand in the Office of Na.val btelligence (United States). It is therefore correct. It must be clearly borne in mind that there arc in every navy certain Total value of imports and export.~ into and from the United States from Octo­ classes of vessels which appear in the official navy list, but which can not ber l, l789, to June 30, 1898. be considered as forming part of that navy's fighting force. These are (a) obsolete ships; (b) receiving ships; (c) sailing and training NoTE.-Excess of imports in italic.:;; excess of exports in bold-face type. ships, brigs, etc.; (d) tugs and miscellaneous. All these classes are omitted from the tonnage g-iven below. Merchandise. Neither are there included in this data any auxiliary vessels, such as yachts or merchant vessels, for it would mean, practically, the o.ddition of the merchant marine of the several countries, all of which is available. Excess of Fiscal year. im:ports Imports. Exports. (italics) or Oomparative strength of the principal navies. exports [Statement based on the numerical strength in ships.] (bold face).

Unpro­ Coast de­ Battle Armored Protected fense and 1790. ------$23, 000, 000 SW,20:5,156 $7, 194, 844 ships. cruisers. cruisers. tected special 179L ____ ------29, 2(0, 000 19,~!:z,au 10,187,959 cruisers. service. 179"Z. ------31,500,000 ~o . 10.1,098 10, 746,902 1793. ------. ·------31,100,000 26,109,572 J..,990,1,28 Nation. 179-L __ • --- __ ----. ----- _____ . __ ---- Total Total Total Total Total 3-i,000,000 33,043,72..'l 1,556,:275 1795. ------69, 756,268 47,9ti!l,872 21,766,396 dis- N 0 dis- ,....,.-.0 dis- N 0 dis- N 0 dis- 81,436,164 5S,5i4,625 f!Z,801,53() N °· place· · place- ,... · place- .i: · place- · place· 17:}t)_ ------· ------ment. ment. ment. ment. ment. 1797. ------• ----­ 75,3i9,4.00 51,29!. 710 2/,,084,6()6 ------1------l'i"!J8. ------68,551,'i'GO 61,i327,Hl 7,224,289 1799. ------79,0G9,H.8 78, Gt'.5, 5~2 403,626 1800. -- _·___ • ------91,252, 768 70,ffi.l,7SO fJO,f!S0,988 England ______Tons. Tons. Tons. T01is. Tons. 70 823,6();) 31 299.260 116 528,170 15 38,510 16 m, ·rw 1801. ------. ---­ lll, 2()3, 511 fi3, 020, 513 18, 31,2' 998 France------35 339,59:1 20 155,287 4() 144,1$!9 14 «,063 15 51,316 l SO'Z. _ ----•• ----. ------·--. ----­ 76.333,333 71, 957,H.4 4,376, l89 Russia ____ ------24 262,912 12 88, 180 11 56,4..q3 3 8,400 23 5S,4.S6 lSO:L. ------. -- . ·-­ 6t,CC6,666 55,800,033 8,866,633 United Sta.tes ---- 11\ 18-i, 14-!I 5 53,145 21 85,8.59 6 11,397 24 6-), 7ii3 ISO L .••••• ------. -----. ----- 85,0C0,000 77,G;;n,074 7,S00,926 27 214-,S.59 5 44,055 23 53,38!) 21 43,sno 14 16,0::G lSn.>. _---- _------___ --- _. ___ ---· 120, COO, COO 95. 5"6, o-.n fZ.5, 033, 979 it''\!~-~~!..=~======: 19 193, 10! 7 39,08.3 18 47,19! l 2,279 2 11,54.2 ire.;_ __ ------,. --- L."9, 410, 000 101. fi;JJ. 963 27,873,037 Japan.------____ 7 9'2,4201 7 60,48! 17 57,102 24 23, 776 G 21,180 1·0t1 ------­ 138, 5l'O, coo 100,;;t.3,150 30, 156,850 ]SQ{.------­ 5U, li:YJ, c-co 2:?, 4-3.U, oco SJ,,559,0f;(J lbe:i. ------59,4.00,(J()() 52 "03 ?83 7,196, 767 Torpedo- 1810. ----- ·------85 {CO COO cn;751'.9ro 18J.(Jl,2,030 Torpedo Torpedo Subma- ]S]l ______---· ------53'.4oo:coo 61, 316,832 7,~16,832 boat de- boats. rines. Grand total. vessels. stroyers. 1812. ------77,030,000 38, 52'7' 236 38, 50-?, 76/,. 1813. ------22,005,000 27. S.'16, 017 o,851,017 Nation. •.rota! Total Total Total Total 1814 ______------12,!JC5,000 6, 927,441 G,097,559 dis- dis- dis- dis- dis- 1815 ______------· ------113,0H,274 52,557, 753 60,483,521 No. place- No. place- No. place- No. placa- No. place- 1816 ------·------U7,103.0LO 81, 920,052 65,18!!1,9/,.8 ment. ment. ment. ment. ment. 1817. ------· ------· 9H, 2.:0, 000 87,671,569 11,578,J,Sl ------1818. ------121, 'i'W, CC-0 !13,281,133 28, I.CS, 867 181!). _ ------87 125 cco 70,14.1,521 16,9S2,479 Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. 182()_ ------·------u'.4.':o;coo ool &111, coo !.., 758,SSl England._ ------35 Z"l, 790 108 3!,195 95 7,650 0 0 488 1, 824, 9-20 182L ____ ------. ------5-!, 520, f34 5-!, f.!J6. 3....93 f"S,489 France------15 8,898 12 3,612 267 l!), 167 12 1,372 4~9 765,511) 18:i2. ·---"------79,871,695 61,350, 101 18,521.W!# Russia ______17 14,391 3G 7,210 180 12,436 0 0 31JG 18~~------72,481,371 GS 326 043 4,L;;;,s28 United States ... 0 20 7,880 30 3,977 0 (J 122 ~:~ 182-L ______------'i2 16U 17'3 68'.912:105 3L197,067 Germany------__ g 1862 15 4-,850 112 12,993 0 0 220 410,l:lO'i 1825. ------so:1tm'.310 90, 738,333 049,023 Italy ------_. ----- 15 15'.3-15 11 3,673 154 9,578 0 om 318,127 18:?-iL ___ ------78,C'!J3,511 72,890, 789 s,to2,1e2 Japan------1 850 12 3,500 58 5,163 0 0 132 2M,435 18-:?:"'/ ___ .. __ ,.. ·------...... ---- ·--- 71, 33-2. !J38 74,309,947 2,9'4',009 ls:>..S ______------81, O:J>, 083 64,021,210 16.9f!S,8i3 1~2':1------·--- 07,088, 915 67, 431-, 651 3-t.>,rnG .Aggregate present strength of the United States :Navy. 18:30. ------­ 62,'i:!:J,!)56 71,670, 735 8,949,719 lS:U. ------. ------95,SSii, 179 72,29.i,052 23,589,527 93,121, 76~ 81,520,003 13,COl,159 - Authorized :Ott~~f~~:f- 183:~- -- - - • ------Com 183'J. ------101, C·i7, U-13 87,rZB, 732 13, 519,211 Type. and under tracted for on Total. 183!. ------. ------10a, co:1, 100 1m,2w,215 6,3.',!J,J..85 plated. construe- account of ex- 183."°L ...• ----••••••••••.••.•. ------133, 7tH, 295 115, 215, 80"3 21,548,493 t.ion. isting law. 183tj_ - • ------··------· 176 51":.l 154 124,338, 7Q..I. 5~,2',0,450 1ll37. ------130'.47;?;8(13 111, 443, 127 19,029,676 1838. ------!15,!Ji0,288 101, 978, 570 9,003,282 First-class battle ships. ------4 8 ------__ ---­ 12 1839. ------. 156, 490, 956 112,2.51,673 !,J,,£:!,5,283 Sheathed first-class battle ships .. ------3 3 H340. _----- __ ---- _----- _----- _---- _ 98,258, 706 123 GOS 932 2.>,H0,226 Second-class battle ship______1 ------1 18!L _------__ ---- _ ----- ______12'3. 957, 5« m; 817: m 11,1/,0,078 Armored ram------1 ------1 1842. ------96,075,071 99,877,9!>5 3,802,92! 4 1813. ------42 4.33 464 8205~' ~~· 6883·~~ 40,392,220 ~~:~!;f~[.;!t~~h'~:s:=::======------6- --·------~- ======6 lft?: G04-'. C-06 1 , t'.t:a, ,.., 3,Hl,226 Armored cruisers ______---·------2 ------·. ------2 mt==:====:======:= 113.184, 3'2'3 106, o.w, 111 7, 144,211 Sheathed armored cruisers------3 3 18-!!L ____ ------117, 914, 065 10!) 583 248 8 . 33-J,817 Protected cruisers______12 ------12 18-!7. ------122,424,3!9 ms; m; 598 3-1,311,249 Sheathed protected cruisers---- - 2 6 ------8 1843. ------·------U8,63S,6« 138,l!JD,515 10,1,48,129 3 18 l!J. ------Hl,206,199 14.-0,351,172 855,027 1 15 1s;n18'.>0. ______------_ 173, 509, 528 144,375, 726 29,133,800 . 6 210, 771. 429 188,!J15,259 fJl,856,170 Composite training ship. ______·------l 1 ---·------1 ~~~~~:ir=::t:~===::===:===~ ==~======~ :::~::::::::::~: lS.52. ·------207,'140, 398 160, 984, 231 40,456,167 Gunboats under 500 tons .... ------22 ------·------22 185-'3. ------263, 777, 265 203, 4.8!J, 282 60,287,983 Special class ______---· .. _----- ____ 2 ------______.• ·----- _----- ___ _ 2 297, 803, ':'94 237, 043, 76-! 60,760,030 Torpedo-boat destroyers_----______16 ----·------___ _ 16 185.1,. ------1855. ------·------257,808, 708 218, 909, 503 38,899,205 Torpedo boats------____ 22 1G ------___ _ 38 310 4:-lZ 310 281,219,423 29,f!J.:J,887 Iron cruisers. _____ ------____ 2 ------______------___ _ 2 i~~======:::::::::::::== :: ==== 348: 428: 342 293, 823, 700 54,604,583 Wooden cruisers______7 ------·------7 1858. ------2£3,a;::-.S,654: 272, 011, 274 8,612,620 Auxiliary cruisers _____ ----- .. ---- 6 ------___ _ 6 331 333 3il 292, um, 051 SB,"31,~90 Yachts and pilot boats converted 1859. - -- ·------18GO. _------3.53: &16'. 119 333, 576, 057 20,0M,o6g into gunboats______24 ------24 1861. ---- ·------· 289,31U,542 219, 553, &'33 69, 156, 709 189, 356, 677 190, 670, 501 1,313,824 51 194 1862. ------'i'otaL. _------·------· ---·-- 136 7 1863. ------243 335 815 203, 964, 447 39,~71.368 1864. ------· ------316: 447: 283 158, 837, 988 157, G09, f95 4330 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17,

Total value of impo1·ts and exports, etc.-Continued. Total value of imports and exports, etc.-Continued. Merchandise. Merchandise. 1 Excess of ExceEs of Fiscal year. imports Fiscal year. imports Imports. Exports. (italics) or Imports. Exports. (italics) or exports exports (bold face). (bold face).

1865 ..... ------­ $238, 745,580 $166, 029, 303 $7S, 716, !77 18&L. ------$661' 697' 693 $740, 513, 609 $72,815,916 4.3!, 812, 066 577, 527, 329 742, 189, 755 164,662,426 l&JIL ••...• ·------·------0 348, 8.59, 522 H5,952,544 1885. ------1~?- •••• ---·------395, 761, 096 294, 506, lil 101,f54,955 1886. ---- - . ------635, 436, 136 67tl' l>:M, S.'10 44,088,694 1868 ...•. ------·--· 357, 436, 440 281, 952, 899 75,483,541 1887. ------692, 319, 768 716, 183, 211 23,863,443 1869. --··-· ------·-·· 417, 506, 379 286, 117, C97 131,388,682 1888. --·--· - • ------723, 957, 114 695, 95-!, 507 !8,002,601 1870. ------· 435,.958, 4-08 392, 771, 768 43,186,640 1889. ------. ------·------. 745.131, 652 74'2, 401, 375 !, 730,!71 1871. .... ------·------520, 223, 684 442. 820, 178 77,403,506 1890. --·------.. ------78!.J, 310, 409 857, 828, 684 68,518,275 626, 595, 077 444, 177, 586 18~,l,Il,491 1891.. -·-·· ·------8!4,916,196 88!, 480, 810 39,564,614 1872. ------· ------·----- 4U2 1873. ---- ·------642, 136, 210 52'2, 479, 9'22 1892. ------· ------.. ------· 827 462 1,000,278,148 20l!,875,686 567' 406, 342 586, 283, 040 f J;s~5t;l3§ 1893. - ----· ------· -· ------866'. 400'. 922 847, 665, Ha 18, 735, 7!8 1874. ------· -· ------·---. ----- 6..'J'Z 1875. - --·------· ------533, 005, 436 513, 442, 711 19,56~. ns 1894 _____ ---· ----. ------· ------654, 9!.J-!, 892, 140,572 23 7' 145, 950 1876 .. - .... ------·------460, 741, 190 540,38-!,671 79,643,481 1895. ------. ------Tdl, 969, 965 807' 538, 165 '15,568,200 451, azl, 126 002, 475, 220 101,152,094 1896. -----. ------779, 724, 674 882, 606, 938 102, 882, 264 1877. ------764, 730, il2 1878. - - -. ·------·· ------437' 051, 532 694, 865, 766 267,814,23-l 1897. ---· ------· ------1, 050, 993, 556 286, 263, 144 1879 . • ----· ------. ----- 445, 777' 775 710, 439, ill 264-,661,666 1898. ------• ------. ------. ----- 616,0i9,654 1,231,482,330 616,432,676 188()_ _ -----. ----· ·------667,954,74.-0 835, 638, ess 167,G83,912 1899. ------· ------697,148,489 1, 2.?7, 02:J, 30'2 029,874,813 642, 664, 628 902, 377, 348 259, 712, 718 1881. ------. ----· ------Total. ______---·-··----- 30,677, 109, 976 32, 179,226,287 1,602,116,311 1882. ------··· ·-···· ··---- ·----· 724,639,5U 750,M2,2b7 2o,902,G83 1883. - - . - ·------·. - ----. ----- 723, 180, 914 823, 839, 402 100,658,488 Value of imports and ~-ports of 111erchandise into and from the principal countries of the rcorld, 1888 to 1898, and the percentage of increase or decr·ease in ·the period named. IMPORTS. British In­ Russia dia and British Year. Unit9d United Germany. France. (including Nether­ Belgium. Straits Austral­ China. Japan. States. Kingdom. Finland). a lands. a Settle­ asia. ments.

1888. ------$723, 957, lli $1, 886, 4..99, 34311J Sl,188, 837,285 $1, 009, ':40, 35.2 $211 , 994-, 473 $.'ill, &.i7, 875 $600, !l64, 085 $30'1, 485, 19"~ s:lQl, 431, 409 $144, 977, 901 $49, 175, 982 1889 ------. ------745, 131, 6.52 2, 081, 098, 3.56 bl, 353, 957, 630 ] '035, 649, 598 :t.38, 662, 893 503, 507, 556 00!, 779, 421 321, 922, 2!i9 314, 520, 372 130, 329, 736 49,828,093 1890 ------·------789, olO, 409 2, 0!7,297, 603 bl, 392, !162, 628 1,001, 36-!, 184 229, 844, 79.5 523,849. 52U 620, 7'99, 939 34u, 9U9, 215 309, 766, 522 162, 526, 500 67,200,365 1891 ______·------844, 916, 196 2, ll9,0i4, 911 1, 112, 189, 910 1, 155, 973,310 213, 123,501 5-U,446, 790 607,266,203 358, 170,li74 329, 701,44.'J 162, 716,294 49,974,088 1892 ______------827,402,462 2, 062. S92. 9"26 1,035,442,838 999, 754.29-! 2".?4,8~. 698 513, 775,871 548, 483,6rn 317, 291, 578 271,$2, 173 145.5115, 947 53,132,447 1893 ------• - ·------806,400, 922 1, 969,415,018 1,048, 949, 743 963,858, 900 2.'iO, 152, 700 562,898,322 !»7, 130,862 ~.2"29, 771 218,681,015 146,900, 169 55,624,095 189± ----·-. - ·--· ------1'51, 994, 622 1, 987, 210, 018 1, 023, 1s1, 025 u33, 375, 234 299, 314, 083 586, 9H, 499 526, 180, ~o 276, 638, :5,477,567 248,918,777 219,580,~ 143,216,2"28 71,H3,36a 7'711, 724,671 2,150,{J(l3,0:.ll 1,128,517,018 959,440,208 3::?0,6...?!l,353 660,457,0i7 591,2.»,917 268.'i'S2,073 277,813,092 171,00,455 99,41:6,393 1897 ----·-· --···--·-·---- 76-1, 700, 412 2, 194, 932, 524 1,231, 756, 862 991, 53'i, 500 (c) 685, SiO, 423 500, .530, 155,di71, 48=3,628 316, 390, 409 el58, 200, 328 109, 139, 457 1898. ------····------616, Oi9, 654 1, 805, 20'~, 018 (c) (c) (c) (c) 632,856,20~ dl80, 6!H,777 (c) el46, 076, 796 138, 196, 074 Increase or decrease, 1888 to latest date ___ _ -15.00 -4.31 /+10.8 -1.8 +51.2 +3!.00 +5.31 1 -40.2 H.96 g+18.4 +181.02 EXPORTS.

1888 ______. ______•••• _ $695, 954, 507 s1, 453, 021, e031b s1, 132,215,5.'58 $836, 687,612$399,174,663$414,851, 631 S.545,052,867 $372,068,5i0S?36, 699,489 $107, 963,302 $-!9,297,645 1889 ------· ------742, 4.01,375 1,535,831, 772 bl, 140,:342,613 935,o±o, :no 385, 402, 468 393, 733, 915 586, 515, 447 393, 826, 833 2.'>7, 496, 871 114, 294, 619 52, 796, &'ls 1890. ----·. ------·----- 857,8..98, 68-! 1,597, 438, 932 bl, 179, 639, 000 942,193,332 35.5,4!..>9,694 438,651,710 513,886,879 430,769,057 26!l,522,932 112.099,827 46,552,939 1891______88!,480,810 1,504,301,909 001,273,17(1 920,839, 13( 364,53!, 916 461,276, 069 554, 197,0'.!0 450,419,(J.'j4 302, 140, 171 123, 171, 115 62,300,933 1892 ______. ______l,030,278,14.8 1,419,266,868 798,3-Ul,325 88.5, !156, 0.18 2-!9, 6.SO, 649 458, 142, 043 514, 744, 305 434, 597, 212 275, 002, 756 111, 145, 993 63, 785,215 1893 ______847,665,19-! 1,318,693,391 8-97,669,988 842,177,0-24 313,952,515 451,3.'58,142 5C4,21S,00.-3 389,409,!llO 262,507,746 113,627,908 56,285,939 1894 ______. ------S!l2,140,5'i2 1,~,3iS,922 793,21.5,168 802, 894, 636 351 , !l20, 948 451, rn:;, 348 4TI, 962, 903 336, 1!86, 5U8 249, 380, 24-0 102, 439, 825 57, 896, 750 1895 ______807,.538,165 1,S91,003,409 891,129.1-!8 893,353,138 363,157,696 477,213,t155 507,06!,967 312,008,466 249.215,207' 120,611,336 69,863,474 1896 ------· ·------·SR&, 606, 938 1,442, 3;..,'9, 445 952, 179, 390 89!,190,176 366,7'05,375 542,0U.5t:8 529,533,598 352,268,612 260,136,003 113,6!2,508 68,247,796 1897 -----·------l,O.j(),993,5.56 1,431,598,34.5 977,447,193 9'-M1 rns,aoo 59!,617,049 M7,593,475 233,963,140 335,947,014 127,531,839 80,406,737 1898. ---· _____- _ --··-· ____ I. 231, 482, 330 992, 295, 176 (c) li:) (c) (c) 582, 837, it.">O 210, 389, 598 (c) 110, 848, 893 81, 072, 733 Increase or decrease, 1888 to latest date .... +76.94 -31. 71 b + 13.49 +10.S -8.1 +33.6 +6.93 -43.45 + 41.93 +2.67 +M.46

a Special commerce. b Including transit trade. cNo data. d Bi·itish India only. eNetimports. f 1891 and 1897. gl896.

Statement showing length of coast lines of the United States andfo1·eign countries.

Section. Miles.

UNITED STATES. 2, 732 t~~~~~ ~~ ~~~U~~~f~ii:~ -1=i-vai·s:-eic::,-£0-iiear 8iiii>-iia.vii~i1;;;; :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·:: :::::~:::::::::::: :::::::::::=: :::::::::: :: ::::: ::::: 33, 778 Total __ --· ----. __ --· . _.. ----.·•• -- --.. ---. --. -• -- ••• -- • - -...• ----- • ---· ------· ---- -· -• -----. ------•... -----... ------• --•. ------•. -- - -.•.• ---_ 36,510 1,163 t:~~~ ~~ 8~U ~g;:~ b"aY.s~i:fvers:etC":::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::-::: ::::::::::::: :::: ::: ::::::: ::::::::: :::: :::: 17,980 Total ______. ______. __ .•••..• ______••..•.. _... _~------•••.•• --··-- .•••••••..•• ______--·-·· ______.---·-----·· __ ..•• ------.•.. _.-·-·_._ .••• __ _ 19,143 Length of Pacific coast. __ ·-- ___ ..•...... ----·· _. ---- __ •.•• --····. --··· •••••• ------. ·-·-· - . -·-· ---· •••.•• ----. ----· ·-----···· --·--· •• -.•. ··--••. ------·-· .. __ 1,663 Length of Pacific coast bays, rivers, etc.----·--·-·---·-·------·.------· • -····· -···-· -···--·--··· ------·--·· --··--••...• ------· ------·-·-· 7,237 Total ____ . ----•.... ____ ...•• -· ...•.•.... __ ---· : •..•• - ••.•• - ---··. ---·· ------•••••• -····· - -····. --··-••..•. --···· ------·-· --·-·- -.. -·· ·----·-· ---·---· ---. 8,900 Total outer coast_----- ___ . ... _...• --··------_ •..•• ----·-_ •. --·.----·.·-·-- -- ..•••••.••• --·--. _-··-. __ .• --·-· •. ---· .•. ------·------_--- • ---·· _------5,558 Total bays, rivers, etc.·----· ....•• _ ••.•• ·----·· ••. ------••.•.. ------··------·---··· .••. ---·---· -----=------·.--···_···------58,995 Making a total of----·---·-•....• ··--_---·· ••.••• -~------···--··--·------. -.: .• ----·-. -·-·· .:...• ------·------·------·-·---·- 64,553 FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 5,500 ~;:~~~~!~~~!1ngo~~1n_~~: :~~~r~~ -~~~-s:_~~~: ~-~~~~::: ::::::::: :::: :::: :::::::::: :::: :::::: :::::: ::: ::::::::: ::::: ::: :::: :::::::::::::: ::::.:::::::::::::::::: 1,500 1,000 3,400 rJr~~!{t.i¥o~:;~:.~ng~~~~~:~~~~t~:::::==:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3,100 Total -- .. ------__ ---· ----. _---- __ --·· ----•...••••.. ------·· -··------·-·-·--· -··-. -· -·----· - ----· ---· •••• --·------··-·---·· ••.• ----···· •••• --·- U,500 ..­ ~

,,__,. l ,__ rr ~~ .. i1"•i:' ... .. •::' T> .,, z. ~~ ... .J: :' ~~ ~ .. 1... , ._._ " I P'!i I ...... "' ~ .... " r... ~... 1--'~· ...... '.oil~ 1-.. ,(I ',II I:> ~ I II • I ,.., ~ s: ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l;:i ~ ~~ {) ~ ~ () I\~ ~ <:> I;) 'II I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \j; (; ~ - u .. II. '.! f"-' c 14) ~ .4- ~ 0:: ~ , ' ' "~ ~ __ ~~ -~ ------.. ~-- ...... - - ~ - _ '---- ·-..... ~ i-'"'"'

~ c...-- ~ ...... ·~ i-- --- ": - ..... - '--- .... \Ii -- - .... - """'~ - .:.. ~ .. - .. - - ,- -- " . ,...... - c ------I ,, 0 , ~"' . ~ ,; z ~ ...!J ~ ~~ 42 ·~ I~ c.: ,;: ,("' - I") . ~ ..... ~~ ~ ~ . . ,... ··~ ~ .\)' 00 l 00 -- - .T '•• J -- I ,..,,~ H -- --- I;,) 0 : l! j '~ .AJ/cHA<7£ To#J LJ/.5n,/fCrA'fIVT •II /,{ . - TOTALS IN BLAC.~ .FAC.e TYP~- !l I "° ".l j .. '(,.I ~ '/ t..\I TABJ.E IV~I TA13J.E N." .ZZ- ~ ;::: ) ~·J v. ~ c.. • '"' . _,_ "'I.[) I~" -- - - :- ~ ~ GRANO T07/t/LS No. ot TOT/ILS N~.o, ~ ., .. ... (Bf.lt'r AND Bl/1~#166) Yessels (BVJ47 SINCE 1890) /l'nsels a I .J 0 ' 1 ~ . .... ~ ::; '~ ~ I ~ '(j~'frl ,,,..., ,~ ~ f, 8Z4j 4320 tons I, 16Z., IZ5 .,.On$ t::j - ,, ... SS ' ..a'? .J .. . ~ ~. GZ6 ' .~Q/7.$ a;er. 506 .,., 384 rons al'el'. . 1 ~ H ... Enp/ahd 270' _...,. _.... 7 ,.. ,.. _._ . - - .I . -- , ...... , ,_ - - ., -- , ·.. :· -- ~lo. 7Et5,5J' .. 437,940 ,, .... , ~ , '•'I Ill' France 1, ,8.36 .. 417 ..z, ...... 219' 0 ., ~ I/' q ~ 508,528 .. 33,,384 .. ., , " j ...:: I RV.SS/a 1,7/8 ...... Z9,,. 2,900 ,. ""1 117 ~ I ~ .· ~ 'f ,,. 'L" ~· ..... 4J3.5Z5 ~38, 145 II " ( O .3, ,,,~ ,. ,, 94' -~ - - -~ r ll.S. ... 122 '"· 4'.;f"9 I\ 41,,805 u 260, 713 \ I " .,,,- Germany .. 220 .a,ooo # 94' ~ I ·'· 867 ""' \ 1.::.·" \.I 318,127 .. 145,332 n \ ~ I) ,,,,. [.... /I /0~ ~ 1,4<>1 1,;; 7.1 . ,... ~ Italy Z27 ------Z64:13S ,. 19,,392 I ",. 80 .lapal'! 2,()()3 ·" .,, 132 Z,4J.S- .. ~ - - ~ ~ p. 4332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17;·

N92 N:ew CoNSTRuC110N:s rn T9n::> Di:>placement, 1a~o-1soo (Jnc/vding Torp.. J'es. and T.LJ.O., /Jvt no~ T,B...) . ~e~ 1 c: - Enq/arur Gf1: lxk" -;ID "7" 1, FrcV?Ct!' . / ~ nvssia l~ctz - ·t/.S : -~~8 ·-Gern7anv .9 19~ 3 /?"a/v / _, 9< Jq,D&~ li" 0 . ,, :::J ,.::1.1 ....Eno/&>/X:T' .nn. '"11' Fr:S,hce /j;; 6 Rt/SS/;., I .. T.ZO l./.S. /j.~".:I Ger.1770/?V 3 •• ,, ... ~ /]!a/y 21:>, '"~ I -./aLJa/'7 ,:. Z/7 - - -· I' ';7,.;:; '£ Ent?/Hno' ; /, ~o:> /PriV?ce> 1.2-, .... - Wuss/e :3,.2 !5 l , I U.S. 0 07.~ . .2/;;, ~;9 Germany ~ /,-o>/Y l ~ 311"'9 . ./.,:;pen ! ; ~ .z Ji> - I 'V I""~ cncMho' 13- ~-. 1' .... Fn;1,f'7ce "'"· ,. ?. - Rvss/a 1-:S;ll'.Z"" ' ;... "~ u.s. . ~ ~- ... · ~.1'7?.onv , .. 1eo /t'e/y .:! ? 7 l I ./O'.Pa/7 1Von• I ,. - ~ . ·£no/end · 1 2, 3. ,_ r>--.rnce ' '''" 'o. 1' ,;-Ru.S.S/6' /,";,'II• ~.U.S. /1 o '?E • Ger,,,,o>nv ,s; (); / .~ /'l'ii'/V. ~2'/ • '-'HPah a,7:7 - .,,~

• E/70/a/W/ '"" /~' 3~, -"ranc6- ~; 0 9 -Russi;;, 2.~~~ t/.S. 9.2•~ I · Ger,,....,,,,..., 6.1'~ /h/v ~ __ ,io.,. ./Mn & !J.60 _,_ ·~ Enq/G/ld ~ .. ~, rr.;h(;'q ,:;-?, ,.. ... /?VJ.Sia I :.;!s, 90 u.s. ~r.?; '7-S'D Germahv /Q,J 2: /"/'.;/y ' l?. w.r.r J,;P8n ~ "'" , - - Eno/ahd $!,I lt; Fn9/7Ce ,,,, '<:;• .-9/v ,,, ,.,.,, _,.,,DA,., ~, 21..,. ,,,.:::31 1.r r<. Fnn/e/7d' I P~a. t6',:> F.ra_,.,,-J> :;...... Rus.YH I _wu. i.-:"' 0 ~!/., 1,.-::r, i,,. ,,. t/.S. ' V-"I<; , · ~~ -/J't:' ,., -C-~~,, I 5i2, L;I•e!i" ~. i /'ro>/y • 3, ,.~ ._§: ,. ~~.,,,. - ,/.. ,n.Glh "'· :;>()>$ I I'! l 1 r l 1900.. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4333 4334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE~ APRIL 17,

Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Mr. Chairman, I yield the balance of our Navy. It would be almost impossible for any foreign 1Joun­ my time to the gentleman from Pennsylvania fMr. ADAMS], · try to attack us here on this continent with our 70,000,000 people. Mr. ADAMS. Hvw much time have I, Mr. Chairman? They could not effect a landing; and if they did, they would ba The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman bas twenty minutes. overwhelmed by numbers. Mr. ADAMS. Mr. Chairman, it is with great yleasure that I The same reasons would prevent our invasion of any foreign rise to give my sul?p_ort to thi.s bill, this liberal provision coming country far distant. Therefore the battles and the struggles are from the Naval Affairs Committee, and for the support of what is to be on the sea. We must be ready. I do not contend that we still better, the enlargement of our Navy. In my judgment, with must have a navy to outstrip the world; but l do contend that we the exception of the "t!ill to regu1at~ tl;te cmTency of our country, should have a navy of such ample force that we can hold our own recently passed by this Congress, this is the most important legis­ aga~nst any single nation and be able to maintain our rights lation that has come before this House for consideration. agamst any comer, As the currency bill provided greater facilities for our trade and There is another point in relation to our foreign development. business at home, and put our money on such a sound basis that We have heard a great deal of argument in this Chamber lately we can with safety enlarge our commerce and trade abroad, so, in upon the question whether the Constitution follows the flag. Be a:nother sphere of government, does this bill, by affording protec­ that as it may, I wish to lay down the proposition that commerce t10n, by the defense of our gallant Navy, for our entire domestic fo~lows the ~avy. Wherever the American flag is carried on our coast on the east and the west of our country, take care of us in that ships you will find that the merchantman ·will follow on his more direction, by furnishing us with sufficient force so that our busi­ peaceful errand. Such has been the experience of all the coun­ ness interests, national prestige, commerce, and ships, wherever tries of Europe. they may float and wander in the development of our commerce, Let our citizens know that their goings and comings on the high will enjoy the protection which the complicated conditions that seas will be protected; let our merchants and our traders know now prevail throughout this world of ours necessitates shall be that wherever they may trade or do business their rioht.s will be furnished by every government to protect its commercial interests. 0 main tamed, and you will find that the enterprise and " push" of There is another phase of this. branch of our Government which the citizens of our great Republic will carry out the rest of the I wish to touch upon in support of this bill, not the political stand­ development by the extension of our commerce. Therefore it is ard, but simply as a national and economic question which must essentially necessary, in view of the great area that has been added come into the control of all governments if they would survive and to our country and the increased opening for the development of hold their own against the competition of the world. our tra~e,,that our Navy should be large enough to cover it and Who would have thought three years ago-and there is no such protect it m every quarter of the world, so that no detriment may good teacher as experience, and nothing so well to profit by as the come to the enterprise of the 1. roerican citizen who seeks to de­ phases of history through which we have just passed-who would velop our commercial and manufacturing welfare. have considered, if it bad been urged in this House, that the Navy Whr. Mr. Chairman, if you pick up the trade reports of to-day, should be enlai·ged, and of breaking away from that old, time­ you will find that our commerce abroad amounts to $1,000 000 000. ho~ored advice of the Father of our Country to avoid entangling More than that, we find that the ratio of the export of ~an~fac­ alliances. tured goods is far outstripping that of our cereals. Up to within We then felt ourselves safe from foreign invasion and that there ten years ago the prosperity of our country rose and fell with the could not be any matters of vital importance that would necessi­ condition of the crops. tate our country getting into conflict with a foreign power; and yet in a few short months after that naval bill bad passed this Every man assumed that the success of our country depeuded House we found our1'elves engaged in a war with one of the first upon the crop conditions. But that will not be so to the same powers of Europe, who thought she had a first-class navy, and so extent now. Should the crops fail, we shall still have our exports great was our fear that the people on our coast were calling on of manufactures. Even .coal is coming to be an article of export. the Government to protect them from invasion of the new Spanish Europe and South Amenca are now demanding large quantities Ai·mada making its way across the Atlantic and threatening our of our coal. We must protect this branch of our trade as well ports of entry and commerce. as any other. Yet, Mr. Chairman, in a few short months after the passage of And it is not only in time of war that our commerce must be that bill our ports were so threatened and in danger of the foreign protected. Why, sir, recently, when neutral goods were being enemy. This should be a lesson to the people of our country that transported to South Africa, even a friendly nation, carried away in time of comparative tranquillity and peaceful outlook we by her energy to conduct her own war, interfered with our com­ should take these steps looking ahead which will make the people merce. It is not only in times of war, but sometimes in times of of our country feel secure, and that they are not in danger of in­ peace, that the Navy has to protect our commerce as it goes. vasion from any foreign force whatever. Some time ago, in the harbor of Rio de Janeiro, during a time of Now that the war is over and peace, thank God, again prevails entire peace, our ships from Baltimore, laden with wheat, were not over our nation and that of our recent enemy, responsibilities have allowed to land on the quays of Rio de Janeiro. The navies of the come, and, in my judgment, they have come to stay, and have got entire world, represented by their ships in that magnificent harbor, to be met and provided for. did not lift a finger to break the blockade. And why? Because Not only must our new possessions be protected from any for­ their sympathies were entirely with the monarchy. And it was eign invasion, not only must their commercial development be not until that good admiral of ours. Benham, gave the order to provided for, but we have taken our place among the nations of Captain Bronson, on the Detroit, to clear his ship for action that the eai·th, have assumed responsibilities which, I fear, will lead the agricultural products of our country led the way up to the to further compHcations, for we can not enter the competition of walls of Rio de Janeiro, and cargoes of flour from Baltimore were trade in the Far East without cla.shing with the European coun­ allowed to be landed. tries and being obliged to provide safety for our commerce there. I only cite this case, Mr. Chairman, to show that the Navy is Nay, more, to show how event~ lead from one stage to another, just as useful in time of peace and for the benefit of the farmer already our State Department has concluded negotiations to insure and for any other development of our activities or any other our full entry into the trade of China, which, in my judgment, branch of business at any other period in our national history. far outstrips and outvalues any of the points of progress we have There has been very much discussion here in regard to the made so far. methods by which the Navy should be developed, on the question You talk of the influence of the 8,000,000 people of the Philip­ whether ships should be built in our own yards, on the question of pine Islands in developing our trade. Are they to be mentioned the Government owning its own armor-piate factory, and also alongside of the 4.00,000,000 people sufficiently civilized to con­ whether it is desirable that this Government should proceed to sume our products, our railroad supplies, our electrical inventions, buy its armor by contract with private parties. and everything for which our people are so famous and in the sup­ I will leave that phase of the question to the various members ply of which they are now commanding the markets of the world? of the committee and to this House, who are better informed to Do not think for one instant that Europe has yielded that sphere decide upon it than I am. But there is one thing that I wish to to which she was devoting herself, technically known as the urge, and that is the avoidance of delay. Three years ago, on a sphere of influence. Do not think, my colleagues, that Europe similar debate, you in this Chamber adopted a ridiculous proposi­ has granted that willingly or without some mental reservation. tion which was ingra.fted upon an appropriation bill, providing The European nations had their eye on the trade of China long that the cost of armor plate was not to exceed $300 a ton. before recent events ever opened that door, long before the Japa­ The people that did it and the House that passed it ought to nese war made it possible to carve up that ancient Empire. have known that that would simply block the completion of the Europe seeks everywhere to develop her trade; and it will be nec­ construction of these men-of-war. That was, Mr. Chairman, a essary for our country to guard our treaty rights and insist that fearful responsibility for gentlemen to assume and for the House they shall be preserved and maintained in that country. to assume and to act npon, for on the breaking out of our war It is for this reason that this bill is so wisely drawn in looking with Spain, owing to that ridiculous condition in \he appropria­ to the future, in adding to our effective force; for the future de­ tion bill, two of the great battle ships of the nation were not com­ _pe.I!.ds, so far as our country is concerned, almost entirely upon pleted and did not form a part of our Navy. I believe as firmly 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4335 as that I am stancling here that if the addition of these two bat­ take its place wherever it can be of the best service to the inter­ tle s~ips at that time~had been made Spain might have hesitated ests of all the people. to go to war 'vith this country. I yield the remainder of the time allotted to me to the gentle~ Even on paper, as the two navies were supposed to exist at that man from South Carolina [Mr. ELLIOTT]. [Applause.] time, Spain'thought she ha.cl a slight advantage over the Navy of The CHAIRMAN; The gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. the United rates, aml that was doubtless the reason that faduceOG) granting an increase of pension to Agnes K. Capron, had panies ''held up" the Government and refused to supply armor asked a conference with the Hom:e on the disagreeing votes of the plate at the price fixed by the law, so that the Government could two Houses thereon, and had appointed Mr. GALLINGER, Mr. not finic;h the ships, and the Government could not manufacture SHOUP, and l\Ir. LI. T D~ A. Y as the conferees on the part of the Senate. it itself? The message also announced that the Senate bad disagreed to Mr. ADAMS. If the gentleman from Tennessee is undertaking the amendment of the House of Representatives to the bill (S. to quote me, he must quote me correctly. I said nothing of the 1903) granting an increase of pension to Lillian Capron, had nsk~d kind. I never said the cause of the war was the fact that these a conference with the House of Hepresentatives on the disagree­ two hips had not been completed. I only suggested that if we ing votes of the two Houses thereon, and bad apl_)ointed Mr. GAI.r had had these ships in our Navy at that time Spain would prob­ LIN, and at a proper distance from those islands you They were the ones. will detach a fast vessel to acquire at Hamilton all possible information, be­ sides such as the Government will communicate to you through our con ul~ Mr. GAINE . And now the gentleman wants to pay $545 a Jo ·e Garcia Acuiia, a resident of aid lort, as to the location, number, ana ton for the whole thing, when the original proposition was about 0 0 1 a~~~~c1~~~~ ihe~~~~~i~~J;~i~Yfh t1~~ i3:r~~fa~ :1~!~ ~~a~~~~z!>eeci1i~ ~~~ SiOO. one vessel referred to and only for a length of time absolutely nocessar7 for · Mr. ADAMS. I repeat that the gentlemen who held up the the purpose indicated, the rest of the division to pass out of sight o the Government were tho e who -voted for the Tidiculous proposition islri.nds, so that its presence in said waters may not become known. of naming the price that the Democratic Secretary of the Navy Taking into account the information you may acquire, and eluding an en­ counter with superior forces, yonr excellency will choose such J?Oint on the' who investigated it, and a committee of experts appointed by the United States coasts as you may deem best adapted-Charleston, if possible­ Navy investigated, and which was investigated by the Naval Com­ to carry out in the direction from south to north a series of hostile acts. in mittee itself of this House, giving their best judgment to it-the the energy of which you will be guided by circumstances, against fortiiied positions as well as against such places as, owing to their industrial, military, combined opinion of all three of them being that $400 a ton was or commercial importance, will justify the operation and make it worth a fair price. while. I call your excellency's attention to the expediency of your cour e And in spite of that, gentlemen like the gentleman from Ten­ along the coast being from sou th to n0rtb, as indicated. Key West ueing the enemy's principal base of operations, the forces detached to oppose your op­ ne see in.isled on putting in that ridiculous proposition; and I er.ations will follow you instead of going to meet you, as would otherwise be charge• you now with the responsibility; and the United States the case. Government was weakened to the extent of two battle ships for Your excellency will determine to what point the hostilities should be car­ ried, remembering that the object of these hostilities is not only to make the Spanish war by this absurd action on the part of the House. reprisals for the enemy's unjustified acts on our own coa ts, but principl'.lly Now, Mr. Chairman, as I said, I did not mean to go into a dis­ to call his attention toward the north, dividing his forces and thus facilit.;it­ cussion of a technical point involved here, but certain facts were in('t the movements of the third division and o.t the same time those of Ad­ so apparent and the history of the action of the House so well miral Cervera's squadron. You might find it expedient (but this is not im­ posed upon you as a. duty) to go up north as far as to permit you to detach a known that I am surprised that even so astute a gentleman as the cruiser to Halifax, in order that Lieut. Ram6n Carranza., who is assigned to gentleman from Tennessee would rake up such an issue that has Canada, may give you such information as be may have acquired beforehand. been settled so long ago. Havin~ accomplished on the United States coasts the object indicated, and followmg the route which offers the greatest security, you will tr~-. unless Mr. GAINES. Will the gentleman yield further? reasons of greater importance should prevent, to pass north of the island of Mr. ADAM . No; I decline to yield further. Mariguana, or TurkA Island, and c:ollect at the latter the information which And, lli. Chairman, look at tho result of this legislation. In­ the Government will take care to forwai·d to yon there. stead of getting the armor at $..!00 a ton, which we could have We were only saved from this attack, it seems, by the condition gotten then, the Naval Committee now adopts the price of $125 a of affairs in the Philippines, which made it necessary that Camara's ton higher for armor, which some gentlemen on that side contend fleet should be ordered there. is no better than the old harveyized armor which was in use at 'Vhile, from the weakness of Spain and the utter nnfitne s of the time the price was fixed. her ships to wage successful war, although, at that time, many of Now, in conclusif)n, I simply wish to say that I have the honor our important harbors were unfortified,).t may be said there was to represent a district in the development of this Navy, and no real d~nger to be apprebendecl from the attack, yet the inci­ w~ether it be in the navy-yards of the United States or the dent should dil'ect our attention to what would have been our sit· pnvate shipbuilding yanls on that Clyde of America, the Dela­ nation in caso we were at war with one of the great powers of the ware River, we stand ready not only by our support of the Naval worlcl, having a navy superior to ours. -With such an enemy con­ Committee in Congress, but by the strong arm of our mechanics centrating a superior fleet on our coast and with many of our ships and by the genius of our shipbuilders, and the loyalty of the peo­ compelled to assist in defending our different harbors along our ple of that district, to help develop the American Navy, so that Atlantic coast, how would it be possible for us to get 1·eenforce­ come what may, in glorious peace or terrible wnx, we will give ments to the point attacked? Fortunately nature has, in great tha\ support to the Government which loya,l Pennsylvania and pa.rt, provided l1S a means for accomplishing this, so far, at least, loya Phil.adelphia has always been ready to give, whether in the as torpedo boats and other light craft are concerned. I refer to construc!ion of ships, the manning of them by our loyal citjzens, the wonderful system of inland waterways along our Atlantic , or pecun~ry and patriotic support. coast. You Will always find the district which I have the honor to rep­ It is now eighty-one years since Mr. Calhoun. as Secretary of War resent ready 1o support the Government in the development of under Mr. Monroe's Administration, called attention to this most the Navy; and it stands to-day ready to be at its country's call to important element in our defen_se. In an elaborate report made 4336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17, on 14.th January, 1 19, to the Honse of Representatives, in response of land of 3 miles between the St. Johns and Imlian River. to a. resolution instructing the Secretary of War to report "a plan From Mosquito Inlet through Indian River an<.l other waters for the application of such means as are within the power of Con­ there is a clear passage through to Key \Vest. It thus appears gress for the purpose of opening and constructing such roads and that from New York to Key West there are but three gap in the canals as may desen·e and require the aid of Government, 'Yith a water connection (witbout regard to depth), the fhst at Cape view to military operation hi time of war, the transportation of Fear River, the second between Capo Fear River aml 'Vinyah munitions of war," etc., referring to the Atlantic coa t of about Bay, South Carolina, and the third between the 't. Johns River 2,100 miles in extent, Mr. Calhoun sai<.l: and Indian River. A~ainst a line so long, so weak, so expot:ed, and presenting sue~ strong 8ince Mr. Calhoun' report the following canals, now a part of motives for depx·edations, hostilities the most haraR i~g a-qd exhnnstrng may the route, have been built: Delaware antl Raritan Canal, built in be carried on by a nav:al power; and shou~d tho ~uh3uga.tton of. the country 18:.m at a cost of SJ,707,DlG: Delaware and Che apeake Canal, built over be attempted, it IS probable that against thIS f~·o~tier, fncmg Eurone­ the scat of the great powers of tbe world-the prmClpal efforts would be in 1 21-18.W at a cost of ::;2,2.:;0,000 (one-fifth of this amount was turned. Thus circumstanced, it is the duty of the Government to render it contributed by the United States, Penmiylvania contributed SlOO,~ as secure as po::;sible. 000, Maryland $;30,000, Delaware 8~5.000. and the remainder was Further on Mr. Calhoun said: contributed by citizens of the tbree States); Che apeake and Albe­ No object of the kind is more important, and there is none to which Sta to marle Canal, built 1836-1839 by a corporation. or individual capacity is more inadequate. It must be perfected by tho Gen­ .Mr. Chairman, under the pre 1:mt overwhelming importance of eral Government or not bo perfected at all, at least for many yen.rs. No one or two States have a sufficif'nt intereqt_ It is immediately 1.ionefi.c.ial to moro torpedo boats in naval warfare, especially for harllor defense, the than half the States of the Union, and without the aid of the General Govern­ perfection of this inland waterway has become more than ever ment would require their cooperat}on. It is at all t~mes o. mt. C. D. 8igshcc, United States it re1wrds "military operations in time of war, and the transportation of the Navy, to whom your letter wa'! also roferr •cl. re11orts a~ follows: munitions of war," what could contribute so much ns thb communication to "'i'he strategic iml)orta.nce of nu interior system of waterways along the the effectual and cheap defense of our Atlantic frontier? Take the lino of Atlantic coast line lrns long lJeon recognizecl a.s very great. If }lC:irfoctcd this inlnnd navigation along the co:ist, tho whole of which, it is e1:1timated, could means of interior communication wonlu permit of rapid cnncentration'of a be completed for sea ve;;~els by digging 100 mile!'!, and at tbe expense of torpedo flotilla at strategic points, without. regard to the state of weather or $.1.000,000, tho advantage which an enemy with a naval force now bas, by rap­ the pos.oat Cushmg passed through the inland waters be in a gren.t measure lost to bim. In fact. the capacity for rapid and prompt of , on th C:.:trolinu. from Charleston on her way to Sava.nnn.h. Lieut. <..:om­ movements a.nd concentration would be to tho full a!'! much in our power. mander (then lioutunnnt) l". F. Fletcher, United Etatcs Navy, in command We would ha.vein most of tho points of attack a shorter line to move over, in of the C1tshi1ig, stated as· followR: 'At i;o,-cral points on the routo between ord(lr to concentrate our means; ancl, aided lly steamboats, would have tl10 Chnrlei;;ton, :::>. C., and Jacksom-ille, Fla.. ch'lnnuls bn.vo lie<>n tlrcdged so as to capacity to pass it in o. Rhorter time nncl with greater certainty than an en­ maintain the route int~ct. Adrlitional improvements in tbistlir ction would emy, even with a naval superiority, would have to attack us. conF:idornlJly sllorten the totnl distance and render the route practicalllo for com11ai ritively largo vesselfl.' After treating of the Canadian frontier and that of the Gulf of ".nth~ latter pm·tof ltiUi several United. States torpoJ.o boa~s investigated Mexico, Mr. Calhoun further said: the mterrnrpn ·<::age"!of theP.outhern Atlo.nticcoast, demonstratinirtheir great po. siuility of usefulness. :Many of the roads and canals which have been suggestc>d are no foro the late war, would by their savings in Hon. WILLIAM ELLIOTT, that single contest in men, money. a.nu reputation have more tha.n indemni­ Ilousr. of Reprcse11tatives, Ww1tington, D. C. fied the country for tho expense of their construction. Eighty-one years ha·rn passed and but little has ever lJeen dono Mr. Chairman, during my service in the IIouso I ha\'o devoted by the General Government towanl carrying out Mr. Calhoun·s myself especially to the improvement of the rivers ancl harbors of recommenclntions. To be sure, many of the water courses forming i:::outh Carolina, be1ieving that more could bo done liy me in that way than in a.ny other toward the upbuilding of .the llu~iness in­ a part of this inland route have been improved under river and terests of my people and tho devolopmc:nt of new Imes of mdustry. harbor work, but no concerted effort to perfect the route as amili­ In the last river and harbor act surveys and reports were ordered tarv measure has been made. on several projects in my district, the adoption of which will al­ What is to-day the condition of this route? most wholly perfect this in1anc1 water route so far as the South Upon data furnishel.l me by the Coast and Geolletic Survey I Carolina coast is concerneu. The report of Maj. E. TI. Ruffner, find that startiniz at New York and golng south there is a clear United States engineer, on one of the projects is so valuable and passage through ror about 5 feot draft to Beaufort, N. C., by the im~tructive on the very line we are di cussing, and displays such a following route: Out ide of Staten Island, then through the Rari­ deep interest in the wclfaro of the people whom I have the honor tan River, then by the Delaware and Raritan Canal, then clown Delaware River arnl through Delaware and Chesapeake Canal to to represent, I feel that I can not do better than insert it in full: Chesapeake Bay, then to Hampton Roads, up Elizaueth River, UNIT.ED STA.TES EXOINEEU 0Fl!'ICE, through Albe marle and Chesapeake Canal, Currituck Sound, North Charleston, S. C., December 1G, 1S'J!J. GE.·EnAL: I incloso herewith report of Assistant Engineer Reill Whitford River, Albemarle. Pamlico, and Cove sounus to Beaufort, N. C. or o. survey of "the waterways nnd low-lyinft mnr::ili 111.nlls or rico lnnds he­ From Beaufort, N. C., tliere is a waterway a foot or two deep to twcen tho North and South H ntee rivers. with a view to n:xtcndluft the New River Inlet, and thence to within some 2 miles of Cape Fear Estherville-Minim <..:reek Cu.nal in a soutllerly tlir ction to Alligator River," to comply with the river nml harbor act of l\lnrch 3, 115!1!~. River there is a "drain of water." At this point comes the first This report is clear and specific, and covcril all that IS necessary to know obstruction of land, thero being no water connection between the when tho particular survey aero s the particular reaion a.loue is to oo di. tributaries of Cape Fear River and the rivers flowing into Winyah cussed. Dut to do justico to tho subject, a.nd to tho region, to the po. ibilities of the future, to tho ideas of the many who aro nununlly briufing up in di.frer­ Day, South Carolina. cnt river and harbor bills diffm· nt items of the mme genern subject-water From Winyah Bay to Charleston there is a waterway, but only communication along tho low-lying coast region of theAtlnntic 8tates-soII? - for boats of very light draft. It is necessary, therefore, that a thing moro is needod, and I l!roposo to explain. wllf this item is till, but in connection with items for wbich.Congr From Chnrleston to Savannah there is a route for passenger makes aptiropriations from time to time. Moreover the whole subJOCt crop" steamers running by Beaufort, S. C., and the Port Royal Naval up from tlID.o to time in similar rPports by others on tliffcrent items, sobmi 9.i. which were adopted, and on which money was appropriated formerly, ~ m Station. From Savannah to Fernandina there is a clear passage, overy cnse Conreess has preferred to consider tho itom separately and not though shallow in places, and from Fernanclina. to St. Johns River there jg a pas age for boats of very Ught draft only. There is a as I f~a{t~rn be seen that all that is written here and in my other kindred reports properly form ono subject. t f waterway up the St. Johns Rh"er to New Head, but the upper Doubtless this thought was in tho mind of moro than one in ~ho pas • or part is much choked by vegetation. Here is another obstruction when these surveys were ordered their wordinj? shows a. connect1on between 1900. OONGRESSION1\.L RECORD-· HOUSE. 4337

them nnd existing projects nnd a remembrance of J?aBt efforts to secure the course this does not include craft that can pass the bridge without opening II adoption of R general project for tho inlnnd navigation of this region. I the draw. The routes reported upon by me this year are- 1 ti" well known thn.t the coast of the Netherlauds l'l.nd Ea.st Friesland, from From Charleston to Alligator River, estimate------~l.600 the been given me for report five different items of surveys of dif­ moment, we there find a most extraordinary industrial develop· forent portions of thls mazo of waterways of the Solil th Unrolina coast, and I have selected this one link to make these remarks, since they apply to all. ment. Within the course of a very few years South Carolina, from It is and would be dlfiicult to consider one bit apart from all. The United being an almost purely agricultural State, has become one of the Btates ha.s for many years been spending millions in rebuilding and extend­ foremost in cotton manufacturing. She is now third from the ing the svstem of levees on the MissisRippi River. It would have been im­ front, and with the end of this year will have passed Rhode Island J>r.J!4Sible io consider ono bit of levee without reference to the whole, and the fonner patchworks system has been extended from :plantation to county, to and be next to :Massachusetts. The rivalry between Massachu­ Htate, to the •alloy. So we must in time conc;ider this 8outh Carolina. coast; setts and South Carolina has been the theme of many a discourse, flnt aa a. system of canals for the wholo, and later on for agricultural pur­ but the wildest imagination never suggested that to the other poees. when dams or levees will inclose large islands, and we shall have a UU'ge area raising every agricultural product and as accessible in every way elements of their striving that of industrial development would as are the Holland villages and hamlets. be added. Sixty days ago there were being built in South Caro­ From time to time individual engineer officers havo reported favorably lina mills that will contain 450,000 spindles and costing about tlpon different p()ints und lines of ''the inlaud wn.ter route,'' mainly for mih­ $6,000,000. Of 77 mills projected in the United States for the ~ purpo . I know of no reason why WA might not as well look forward into the future of tho Son th Carolina coast a.~ an improved Holland as we quarter ending March 31 last she leads the column with 23. have !or many yea.rs been improving the Mississippi River bottom for tho In order that the country may see what deep water, diversified toemi.ng millions in the womb of Time! agriculture, rapid transportation, and cotton mills are doing for The improvement of the entrance to Winyah Ilay is almost at band, and us, Charleston, speaking for the State, will invite the splendid tho many, many miles of waler courses emptyin~ into that broad ha.ven may u.ae this exit as freely as the delta of the "Rhine uses the Holland ports. constituencies whom you gentlemen 1·epresen t to attend the South Lrnt::hs Cr ek is but a Rmall part of all this. Why should it not be dealt with Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition to be helc.l at a.s a part of a whole? The Pedeos, Waccamaw, Black Hiver, and the Santee form a great basin all mutually contrilmtary to the one exit; but the con.st Charleston in the c1osing days of the first year of the new century. country is to bo bound together in a different way. Its coa<;t channels con­ That old city, that has fought more fights and won more battles nect the various threads, and the links tha.t we make nll work to an end than any city in the land; that has been desolated by fire, torn by common to all and for the benefit of all. shot and shell, wracked by earthquake, and ravaged l>y tempest, The El thorvillo-Jllinim Creek Canal connects Santoo River and Winyah Bay, and is an important element in coastwiso trade. Tho two Santces are is equipping herself for her new career, and asks all her friends to v:u-allel, and the shorte t lino connecting them, and suitable for the same end, come and bid her Godspeed. (Loud applause.] is that Which is reported upon in this S:(lecial report. Several lines have been l\Ir. RIXEY. Mr. Chairman, it is with some regret that I have examined and two selected. Either will do; the link is necessary and must Le eomewhcr near where the surveys run· but if a general view is had of found myself unable to agree with the distinguished gentleman the wh~le mati_e1• a genera.I plan will be adopted of working this interior [Mr. Fossl who, in the a bsenco of the chairman of the Committee waterline or lines up with n general fund and a comprehonsivo plan; one on Naval -Affairs, has presided with so much patience, tact, and t}?.at will sot a ide a certain sum for each year's dredging, to bo used with the ability over the deliberations of that committee, and also that I v1~w of ~orking toward thecloRo and en ycommuuicationof all outlying dis­ tr1cts,edwin1th adjacent j)orts on either hand, and the whole to ba gradually im- differ in some matters connected with this bill with the senior prov depth and later on in width. member of the minority [Mr. CUIDIINGS], whom we all esteem T _ 'fhe~au"i:Pit Ri>er survey belongs to the port of Geor~etown; the Wee Toe so highly and whom it is our pleasure so often to follow on naval .LJUA.e, ._m burg County, is a part of Santee River district; Lyncbs River is a Lranch of Great Pedee; across from North to South 8antee is a link in matters. the .fil?nera1 up-and-down coast connection, and Charleston Harbor to Alliga­ But it remained for the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. tor ul~vi,!; is the main line between Charleston and Georgetown. All of these DAYTON] to undertake to lecture the membera of the minority of sho reported together, and the. e and tho whole con t line should form that committee who thought proper to sign the minority report, aftpart 0 £. an intelligent, comprehensive improvement of waterways and a erwar ot the agricultural region itself as a whole. and to lecture the House, telling the members that they were un· Merely.a~ an it m to show that this coa!"twiso commerce is not a fiction, I educated, that all wisdom, in effect, centered in himself, because wi~ menti n that it is o. matter of record that the bridge recently built across for the past five years he had given consideration to this subject, ••b ~~0 0ut," apart of the "inland route," nea.rCharleston,actuallyheld t 9 0I>en for 4,69! different craft between ::\larch 11 and November 30 and called upon the members of the House to listen to the words ]iS1J9-two hundred and sixty-four days, or an average of about 18 per day. Of of wisdom as they fell from his lips. XXXIu-272 4338 UONGRE SIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APIUL 17,

When I heard the gentleman discoursing in this manner, I was cerned, an, l'IH, 4:H. 23 mittee on Naval Affairs. 1~ •••••• -----· ------··· ------·-· -----· ------1-!, 980, 472. [i!l Mr. RI.XEY. I do not know how it gets into the bill, but we 18..'itL ___ •• ·-·. ·-··. _•••• -· •••••••••• -·· ••• ----. --··· •••••••• ···----·-· 1:;, 070, S.17. llii have had no explanation of the necessity for it. 1. 'i - - . ·-. ------... ------lt', ~!!, !l07. 20 11' -----· ______---·-- ______••.•••..· ..•. --···· •.•••.•• ···------2'>, 'iu7,3-l .10 It is wholly and manifestly unnecessary. Page 3 of bill is a l 'IL_ .. _-····----...... ------·-·---•.. ------·------··-· lll, 9.J2, R:l.5. 3.5 contingent fund for Navy, 10,000. In addition to this it is only 1 'lO. ·-·. ····-_-···· _•• --· ·------· --·-- •••••••. ------·----- ••• • •.•• 21, G!l'J, !HO. 27 necessary to take as an illustration one of the seven bureaus to 1 !ll ...•.. --···-----···------•••••• ····--···· ...•.••• ____ ··---····· 2-1-, 1:m, m>. 53 1. !l'J ______-----· --•••• ------·· ----. ···------··-- •••• ·---·---. ••••• 32, 541, U.5+. 'ill show not only that everything is proviued for that it is po ible for lt'U:j_ _•. _····- ···------·----···· _-···· --···· •••••• ----·------· 2:!, 54:3, 385. 00 tho mind of man to conceive, but that contingent funds are also 18!1J, •.•• - ••••••••••• _ ••• ·- _. -··· •••••••••• --·· ---· ••••••• - • --· ···-••• • 2.2, l!J.l., Otil. 3':! provided for each of the several bm'eaus. t ;~1:: :::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::: :::::: :::: :::::::::: :::: ~: ri~: ~~: ~r Page 4 of bill, under head of Bureau of Navigation, after enu­ 1 ·!Ji __ .••••••• ·-···------·------. _____ ------ao, ri1i2, G60. 9,1 merating the more important items, provides for- ll'!lx_ ••••••.• ··-. -·· _•••••• _•••• ---··· ••••••• ---·· --••••••••••••.• --·. 3:1, OttJ, 2'.14. HI lt'!l!l ••••.••••••• __ •••••••• ______•••••• ··-- •••••• __ •••• ______--·--· 50, on , 71:-'3. li8 FreiF:ht, telegraphing in puulic business, postngo on lotter sent abroad stationery, maps, railway guitlt>s. city directories, and necei:: ax·y books ot i11uu ...... •...... -····· •...... •...... • ·---·--- ~.ow, 009. 58 referenco, ferriage, ice, apprehension of deserters and stragglorR, continuous· From this table it will be seen that commencing with less than sornce certificates, $15,000,000 in 1 83 we have now come to a bill in time of peace of schoolbooks for training appren ticc , packing boxes, and material . and otlie~ contingent expenses a.nil emerg ncies ari-.ing under cognizance o.f the Bur u over 'Gl,000,000. and the end is not yet, because, so far as I am in· of Navigation, unforeseen and impossilJlo to classify, · U,UUU. formed, no intimation has come from themajorityof the Commit­ Is not this Bureau well provided for? ls there any need of half tee on Naval Affairs that we can hope in the near future for any a million dollars for the President to help out this Dureau iu the reduction in the amount carried in the annual appropriation bill. items "Unforeseen and imnossible to classify?" ' The Navy is not now engaged in any war. Even the soldiers which are transported to and from the Philippine Islands are car­ nut this is not all nnde1· this Bureau, for at naval training sta­ ried in the transports furnished by the War Department, and tho tion, Yerba Buena Island., we have- Printing outfit and material, and mnintenanco of f'ame, heating lighting l>odies of the marines who die abroad ai·e brought home in war O.DU furnituro, Rtationery, book , and pcriodicnls, fre h Water, ice and WO..'-'h: transports. ing, freight and expres.. age, packing boxes antl materiali::, potnge and tele­ There is no proper justification for this immenso appropriation graphing, tolophoncs :mtl all other contingent ex1>onHcs, S:lO,OIXJ. bill, but it is a part of the general policy of expansion in expendi­ Pago G of bill, navnl training station, Rhodo Island, contingent tures for the purpose of creating fictitious pro parity. expenses. As an example of what I regard as unwise legislation, I cite the Page 12 of bill, contingent fund, Bureau of Ordnance. ca e of the navy-yard at Portsmouth, N. H. This navy-yard is Page 17 of bill, contingent fund, Bureau of Equipment. only some 50 miles from Boston, where there is a good harbor and Page 20 of bill, contingent fund, Bureau of Yanls and Docks. first-class yard. Pago 36 of bill, contingent fund, Bureau of Medicine and When Secretary Whitney was at the head of the Navy Depart­ Surgery. m~nt, he closed the navy-yards at both Boston and Port mouth as Page 3!) of bill, contingent fund, Burea.u of Supplies and unnecessary. Doth these yards lrn.ve not only l>een opened, but Accounts. stone or concrete dry docks, to cost over 81,000,000 each, contractecl Page 43 of bill, Bureau of Construction and Repair, proY"ide for a.nd the whole organization for a great navy-yard provided for inciuental expenses. such as advertising, freight foreign for each place. postage, telegrams, telephone service, photographing, books pro­ I am dispo ed to think that n. navy-yard should be maintained fessional magazines, plans, stationery, and insurance, for drafting at Boston. Dut I am informed that the location at Portsmouth, room, etc. N. H., is utterly unfittetl for stich purpose. 'Vitl10ut it we have Page 48 of bill, contingent fund, Bureau of Steam Engineering. enough now upon the Atlantic coast. Others may be needec.l upon Page 53 of bill, contingent fund, Naval Academy, the Pacific. Pages GO, 61, G2 of bill, contingent funtl, Marino Corps. "and In connection with this navy-yard we fiml in this bill- for all other emor~encics and extraorc.linary expenses arising at Bureau of Ord.no.nee, civil cstablil'lhment, l writer·------·-· ~1,000.CO home and abroad, but impossible to anticipate or cla sify," etc. Bureau of Equipment,_ civil 011tablishment, 1 clerk ...• ···---····-·-- l, 000. ()fl Twelve contingent funds besides the one of half n million dol­ Bureau of Yards o.nd uocks, civil estaulisbmcnt .•..•• ---·------·-·-· Ii, 5. 00 lars for the PreRident, including, by name, everythin"' that it is Bureau of Yards a.nd Docks, public works_··-··· ...... --··------361,lltl().00 Bur au of Supplio and Accounts, civil establishment------· 5, R-!0. 00 po sible to conceive, from "towels, soap, com us, and brushes, to Bureau of Construction nnd Uopair, construction plant--·--·-····· 2•>,mO.Uil the repair of ships, and everything else, a it is expressed,'' for all Bureau of Construction and Repair, ci'vil e tn.blishment .... ---· -··· :~, 4.1!. r,o emergenciesanderlraordinaryexpensesari ing, at home or abroad, Bureau of ~team Eng~ neeri;zil?, m.a~hinery 1 plants, and tools ..• ----. . 2.i, 000. 00 Bureau of Steam Engmecrmg, civil esto.lmshment-----·--·········· 1,800.UU but impo.. sil>lo to anticipate," a total of $JU7,300 for such con­ tingent expenses. Totnl . . ----- •.....• ····-...... --···· _-···· --···· _.....••.•.• 4....~, 050. 00 'l'he unusual provision. therefore, of half a million dollar in ad­ Nearly all of which could be save(l without detriment to the dition is unneccs ary. No naval war is in progress antl none ex:­ public service. nected. It will be seen from this statement that this system of separate - Another matter in which the minority differ from the majority bureaus exists not only at the Navy Department here, but in every is whether any of the cruiser which are to be built shall be con­ navy-yard, and every bureau has its separate organization hero structed at the Government navy-yarus. at ·washington, with an admiral at the head and a number of The Government has now a half tlozen highly equipped navy­ clerks, all jealous of the rights and prerogatives of his bureau. yarus, maintainec.l at an expense of hundreds of thou, ands of tlol­ A more cumbersome and expensive system of government for lars annually, aml fully able to build not only third-cla .s crui ers, the Navy Department could not well be invented. but battle ships. Why not make use of thesoplants? Thecapitn.l To ~he credit of the Secretary of the Navy be it said, he has rec­ is lying idle, or at least not turnetl to the most practical eccount. ommended that three of the e Bureaus be consolidatetl, viz, Con­ It is not an untried venture. The lllaine, 1.'c.ws, Ciucimwt i, struction ar:.d Repair, SteamEngineering, and Equipment. !only .Raleigh, .illinneapolis, Imliwm, and Detroit were all built at the regret he did not recommend the consolidation of all the bmeaus. Government navy-yards, the lllaille and Cincinnati at New York It would save many hundreds of thousands of dollars annually, Nnvy-Yru·u, anrl the Te:i:ru; and Raleiah at Norfolk. . and I expect to offer during the consideration of this bill an amend· Admiral Ilichborn, Chi of of Burenu of Construction and_ Repnir, ment for the consolidation of the three Durenus named. believes that the Gove1·nment should build some of it ships. He On page 4 of the bill we find half a million dolJars placed at says: the disposal of the President as an emergency fund. 1ilr. MEYER. Th.croforo, if you thought it dcsirn.He to construct Yei>sols a.t 'Ve are in a period of profound peace so far as our Navy is con- tho navy-yards, you would not bo in position to do it? 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4339

Atlmiral IIrcrrnon~. It coulcl be clone by an increase of the force. The ad­ make, in round numbers, $2;;6. If 3,000 tons per annum are manufactured, Titntng-o of bu.iltling a.t the navy-yard, of 'Yhich I am :m advocate, is that whc_n the prico of each ton would be ascertained uy adding $oYJ to the Sl!JH. or $:!4 , you ha n~ a hip to lm1l1l, you have a c rtnm number of men employed: and 1r ao that wo may tako g:?;iO. in round numbers, as the cost of a ton of armor a,. . .;el comes in needing repairs, and it is in o. hurry, you can take the men when tho companies have fair orders for work. off tl.J.e job aud put t hem on the repair ship. In that way they are always at work. If, hov.-ever, you hnse to go to hiring and rlisclrn.rging men all tho Continuing, he says: time, you can n<•t g"l}t a<> good class of men nnd you can not do it as economic­ It therefore seems to me thn.t under all the circumstance3, con~irlering the ally. I Lelie>e in lmil1liu~ ultimately at our own yards; but if you took all uncertainty of future coutract~rnnd in viow of the fact that tliPso contractors the work the shipbuilder» are doing to-day, you could not do it. have heretofore establi'lhed plant on the faith of orders they were to re­ Mr. DA YTo. •. Do you think it would be 1ios,.;ilJle for tho Government yards ceive thcroaft. r from tho GoYerumont, it would not be inequitable to allow to lmild the lar~er Lattla ships or cruisers? them ri0 per cent upon the future C'ost of manufacturing armor. Fifty per Admiral H1cuno1t:N. Tliey can build at Now York anything that can be cent added to $'2-iOwould lJe ,"175; but it is to be rememberr>cl that the> Go>ern­ lmllt anywhere in the -world, with a slight addition of now tools. meut has horotofore fnrni bed tho nickel, and that the item of SlUi.7 for .:Ur. DA no:-;. ls that true? labor an, or s1.:l'ii,:!59. ·o more for the now process armor than for the old; but the vessels will receive Navy is o\"erwhelmmg that we are prepared now to bmld the :!5 per<' nt bettor protection. largest battle ships and cruisers. 20. 'fhe new-process armor is referred to as the "improved Harvey," and .lr. GAL..~ES. Who were they? sometimes as that made by tho ••Krupp proces'I." 23. While tho armor mnnufncturors havo intimated that tho cost of tbe Mr. RIXEY. One was Constructor Bowles, who had charge of new-proc ss armor would !Jo ·;;45 p r ton, it is by no means c rtain that they the Brooklyn Navy-Yard; another was Constructor Stahl, who will specify tba.t sum in their bids, especially if they havo rea on to 1J lievo has charge of the Norfolk Navy-Yard, and another, was Con­ that there will be any competition. or if they know that the Department can, if it choo es, establish an armor factory. 'fhe !ffilll named by them is un­ structor Baxter, from Boston. doubtedly the maximum prico thoy expect to ask. Hence it might be well :Mr. GAINE '. :Mr. Baxter was one. of the officers in charge in to insert a proviso in tho appropriation bill to tho effect that if tho Secretary building the Oregon? of the Navy is unable to make satisfactory terms as to the cost of armor, he ,fr, RIXEY. All these matters have been thoroughly elabcr is authorjzed to proceed at once with the establishment of a Government ratecl, and I will not longer detain the committee on this subject. armor factory, and the necessary funds are made available for this purpose. In the consideration of this subject of armor plate two ques­ Admiral O'Neil favors an armor factory to bring these armor tions are to be consi::lered: First, is the price now demanded by tho makers to reasonable terms. armor-plate combine reasona.ble; ancl if not. econd, the remedy. l\lr. BARBER. Will the gentleman allow me? Is it not a fact w·e are absolutely at the mercy of the Bethlehem and Carnegie that Mr. O'Neil appearecl before the committee and testified that companies, which admittedly have an understanding that they the matorial alone in the Krupp process cost auout $33 more a ton, will not bid against each other. It has a monopoly and is a trust. and that he allowed $22 a ton more for labor for the Krupp proc­ It hns, therefore, the power of extortion. ess? The price now demanded by these companies for the Krupp Mr. RIXEY. I think that is true. armor is $345 per ton. Mr. BARDER. So that that letter would not be the present Is this a reasonable price? views of Admiral O'Neil in relation to this armor. Under date of December 31, 1896, Secretary Herbert trans­ Mr. GAINES. He knew that when he made this statement. !Ilitted to Congress his report as to the cost of armor plate, which ~Ir. DARDER. But he appeared before the committee a month is the best official information we have had upon the subject. In ago. the report he says: l\Ir. RIXEY. Admiral O'Neil did not give any satisfactory rea- FIN L COST. son why the manufacturers should charge $515 per ton. It has been determined that tho co. ·t of tbe labor and material in a. ton of Mr. DARDER. Will the gentleman allow me another question? doul>lo-fforged nickel-steel harveyed urmor, including allowances for lo ses .l\Ir. RIXEY. Certainly. in manu ar.ture, is ·toi.7 · This comprises overy element or co>.t in its mnnu­ Mr. BARDER. Did not Secretary Long figure up how the fa.ctur~ rve and except only the muintemmce of plant. If 10 per cent be allowe or Jllaintonunce, tho value of the plant must be determined upon. extra $33 was made up-how the extra $3:3 for material was made CO T .1L'D PRICE OF .Ail:llOR. up? The present value of an armor plant liko tbose of tho two companies re­ :l\Ir. RIXEY. Suppose that is true, how do you get $3!5? ferred to-the price at which such n plant could bo erected- is, according to Mr. BARDER. In this way: We start with $400 as the basis tho figure~ he~l!tofore attained, Sl.f~){l.OOiJ; the ~1l?wnnce f?r maintenance, at of doublo-forged Harvey armor plate, recommended by Secretary 10 Jitc;, &,J1 t' 150,t)(,o per annum while tho plant 1s m operation. It' wo suppose tha -· ons o~ armor a.r manufactured 11er annum, this will;give a;n av~r­ Herbert. We have ,;3 foroxtramaterial.822fo1·additionallabor, p.ge 1>cr ton of hich, l> ing added to the cost of labor and material, will making $35. Now, for the same size of Krupp armor plate it is 4340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17,

from 30 to 33 per cent less in thickness, so for a given plate, or for only have a total of 1,601 officers now on the active list. (Pa.,.o 6 a given amount of armor covering a ship of the same size and the of letter.) The Navy has not sufficient officers to man the •e~"' els same dimensions, they would receive, instead of armor 16i inches, now ready for commission. not takmg rnto account the ve~ :!ls 11~ inches under the Krupp proce s-one-fifth less in thickness. not yet contracted for. Why. then, the neces ity for the authori­ Or, aa -Secretary Long puts it, on a ship there would be for cover­ zation at this time of two additional battle ehi;:ls to cost fro:n six ing of the same dimensions 500 tons less of Krupp armor-that is, to ten million dollars? I fear the answer is. Mr. Chairman, to be armor made by the Krupp process-than by the Harvey process, found in the immense pressure which the great shipbuilding and the Krupp process re:i_uiring more time, more labor, and the com­ armor-plate concerns bring to bear upon legislation favorab'.o to pany would receive that much less. their interests. [Applause.] 1\Ir. RIXEY. Mr. Chairman, I do not care to take the time of MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDEXT, the committee to reply to the gentleman, because I propose to take the statement of Admiral O'Neil as the basis for what I have to The committee informally rose; and Mr. GROSVE. OR having say in regard to the cost of armor plate. His opinion may be said taken the chair as Speaker pro tempore, a message in writing from to be favorable enough to the companies, as he thinks we should the President of the United States was communicatetl to the pay 545 per ton. On page 11 of his testimony he gives a statement House of RepreSBntatives by Mr. PRUDEN, one of his secretaries. which I use, except I allow 3 per cent instead of 6 per cent: NAY.A.L .A.PPROPRIATIO~ BILL. 3 per cent on plant valued a.t $4.000,000_ ------·--- $120, 000 The committee resumed its session. 3 por cent on working capital of $1,000,000 ------3ll,OOO 8 per cent for deterioration (Carnegie only claims 5 per cent)...... 3'-'0,000 Mr. RIXEY. Now, Mr. Chainnan., I yield the balance of my Cost of making 5,000 tons at $250 _------······----•••••• 1, 200, 000 time to the gentleman from New York fM.r. FITZGl!.RALD]. Mr. FITZGERALD of New Yurk. Mr. Chairman, the nnval Total •••••• ···-----•••• ----.....• ------•••. -----· 1, 720, 000 establishment is to be increased. It is now inadeqnate for the $1,720,000+ 5,000= $344, cost per ton. country's needs. For years to come the naval appropriation bill Mr. HAWLEY. Will the gentleman allow me right there? will provide further additions to the Navy. A sea force i the J\fr. RIXEY. Certainly. natural weapon, both offensive and defensive, for the United States Mr. HAWLEY. Are you reading from the testimony of Ad­ The country·s extensive coast line, the vast interests of our p ~ opl~ miral O'Neil? the world over, the slight possibility of an invasiou of the 8tates .Mr. RIXEY. I am reading from his testimony, with the simple by land, the comparative ease and rapidity with which an army change that I allow 3 per cent interest, whereas in the table I use can be raised, and the traditional policy of this <:lovernment to he charges 6per cent interest. minimize its permanent land force combine to necessitate a pow­ Mr. HAWLEY. But his testimony is the basis of your re­ erful and extensive Navy. It will be our chief relfance aO'ainst marks? foreign intrusion and interference; it is the most effective and Mr. RIXEY. It is. persuasive argument that can bs advanced by this counhy for \he Mr. HAWLEY. Would it disturb the gentleman if I asked privilege of pursuing its way in peace. him to read from his testimony in which he discusses the making With whatever else it may be charged, the recent war at least or armor plate by the Government? has sharply drawn attention to the naval needs of the countr Mr. RIXEY. I will read it if the gentleman desires it. Justly proud of the wondrous record of the Navy from its ve!" Mr. HAWLEY. I think it would be interesting, as you are re­ inception, an enlightened and patriotic people will insist that ft ferring to him and introducing him as your witness. be J?laintained in sufficient power and at the highest possible Mr. RIXEY. If I do not state his testimony fairly, you will efficiency. have an opportunity to correct me. I take my statement from the The Committee on Naval Affairs in its report has suggested a table which he furnished, and the only change I have made is that building policy for the country: I allow 3 per cent interest, while he allowed 6. To build as we have been builuing, gradually, on broad lines a.nd upon the Mr. Chairman, Secretary Herbert's report and the determination most advanced ideas of naval construction; not so fast that we will bo ahead of tho advance of naval progress, but slow enough to secure all tho benefit ot of Congress not to pay over $400 and, in default of getting armor new improvements and new inventions; or, better still, to do as the Ameri an at that price, to build a factory secured us the armor plate at Navy has always done when given an opportunity, to lead the march of th $400 when we were paying ~83 per ton, saving to the Treasury best naval construction, which it demonstrates its ability to do on at leasi one memorable occasion in American history, when the little "cbe e box of $500,000 on a battle ship. Eries. on," in that great contest with the .Merrimac, blazed the pathway for Let us pursue the same wise policy. I think $400 enough for the mighty battle ship of to-day. the Krupp armor, but I am willing to go further and make the limit $445; but if we can not get it at that price, I am for building The policy suggested by the committee, it seems to me is both an armor-plate factory. conservative and wise. Assuming that it is, it becomes p~rtinent l\Ir. Chairman, I differ with the majority in the statement of to inquire, How can the country continue supreme in naval con· fact that the Secretary of the Navy recommended provision for struction? two battle ships in addition to the cruisers, all of which are vir­ The most significant feature of the majority's report is the tually battle ships. It is contended that while the Secretary only omission of all discu si.on on this most important question. The recommended the six cruisers in his annual report, in the ''hear­ committee recommends the building by contract of two battle ings" before the committee he asked for or recommended provi­ ships, three armored cruisers, and three protected cruisers. The sion for two battle ships. It is only necessary to examine these vessels recommended are the most powerful of their respective heariugs to see that this contention is not well founded. The classes. The committee says: committee evidently wanted him to so recommend, but he studi­ The maximum cost of the ships herein authorized, exclusive of armor and armament, will be ~28,!J;"J0,000. This is tho largest naval programme ever ulr ously failed to do so, as will be seen from the following extracts, mitted by the Committee on No.val Affairs of the Hou e, and is in ac ord which I take from the hearings: with the wishes and recommendations of the Secretary of the Navy nd On page 9 Secretary Long says: Admiral Dewey, and will, wo believe, meet the just demands of public sen­ timent. The past year in naval construction has been marked by tho mo·t liberal naval programmes on the part of all foreign nations. At the pr . nt You gentlemen must bear in mind in making the recommendation it never time there is pending in the Relchstag of Germany a nn.val bill hicll, if occurred to me that Congress would give us three bs.ttle ship , costing pa sed, will increase the tonnage of tho present German navy 422,0UO ton , S;J,000, or $+,000,000 apiece, and also three cruis~rs co ting a great deal of money, and three protected cruisers of 8,000 tons, also costing a greal deaL larger tonnage than that of her present navy. Mr. DAYTON. Looking the world's naval progre sand advance in the face A perusal of the views of the majority would never have even I want you to state whether you regard an mcrea o of three battle ships and raised a suspicion that any other method of building the e ve els three cruisers as an unwarrantable one. Secretary Lo. G. Not at all. I think you will come to it, of course, in than by contract had ever been suggested. Yet, Mr. Chairman, future years. It I were on the Naval Committee, I should bo inclined to say for several days the committee listened to four of the able t men that with three battle ships already authorized and construction not yet in the corps of naval constructors upon the advisability and ad­ begun, if you will give us three big cruisers and three smaller cruisers, we will have enough lri.rge ships to go to the country with this year. vantage of building some of the vessels in the navy-yards. These men were unanimous in the opinion that it would be of itnmen e We now have in the Navy, including ships authorized as well benefit to the Government to build in the navy-yar

nayy--yards, that the Government may reap full benefit from their I Wai· ships building in French doclcyariUJ in 1899. e.x1stence. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Num- Total ton- Our_ modern Navy was c0mmenced about the year 1883. Since Class. ber. nage. Total cost. t~t t:me $98,529,511.85 have been put into completed ships. The estimated cost of vessels now under construction is $62,570,610.23. 6 67,5.')3 $30,521,358 Since that time about 126 vessels have been built, are in the com·se ~~~~}~ ~~1~~:: :: =~: =::::: == ::: : : :::::: =:::: === :::: 1 12, 728 of construction, or have been authorized. Twelve have not yet Armored cruisers ....•. ------··-----···------· 8 73,518 -·80; i72," 5.3i been commenced. Four of the completeci vessels were built in Fast cruiser ...... ------.1 4,00'.l 1,7u.i.198 Third-class rcrotected cruiser-·-··- ...... l 2,4f',:3 1,0ll,Oi9 tho navy-yards; two vessels, I believe, were rebuilt therein, and, 1 1,243 580, 7:n with the exception of two or three tugs, the remaining vessels ~~:~~~~~~~~ts::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 1,792 1,183,818 have been given to private yards. At present there are 50 vessels Gunboats .... ------···----· .. ---·------·-·--·- 2 l,:~n 574,401 8ubma1•ine boats ____ ...... ____ ------____ ------8 1,078 1,008,li2 in private yards and 12 authorized by last year's bill waiting to 6 516 001,230 be sent there. In the navy-ya1·ds there are no vessels in the cotll'se Torpedo boa.ts ...... ---···------·------of construction. Grand tota.L ___ ------·-· ------35 100,171 67,357,598 The majority of the committee, in defense of the proposition to substitute banacks for enlisted men in the place of receiving War ships ln.tilding in French private yards in 1899. ships at New York and Mare Island, state that-- Num- Total ton- Our Government is the last of the maritime nations to adopt the barrack Class. ber. nage. Total cost. aystem for its seamen. Every other nation has them. The British Govern­ ment ha.s already expended $7,G00,000 for the purposo of properly housing its ae men. France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Austria, Japa.n have already con­ .Armored cruisers .•..... ---·--_-----_-·------­ 6 53,045 $23, 70.5, 087 atr11cted barracks for theh· seamen. Fnst cruisers------·------·------8 20,295 7, 714,360 S<>cond-cla s protected cruiser.------··-----·-· 1 4: 055 l,58.!,0iS The conduct of maritime nations along certain lines is legiti­ Third-class protected cruiser .. ____ . __ ... _- _- ... 1 2:452 942, 106 mately used by the committee to demonstrate the wisdom of its Torpedo cruisers _____ ..... ------· 10 2,582 3,285, 758 Sea.going torpedo boats_·-·-·------11 1, 772 2.~~.Dt:4: recommendation. Experience teaches, and it is the part of wis­ First·clri.s;s torpedo boa.ts _-----. ------____ ------22 1,3-t-i 1,830, 744 dom to profit by the experience of others. It is certainly remark­ Torpedo boats ...... -----·-----·------·------· 11 990 965, 186 able, however, that the keen-eyed majority of the committee Small torpedo boats------·------· 6 900 H.3,583 should be blind to the lessons that have been taught in the dock­ 71 87,4:35 42, 39!), 836 yards of every maritime nation of the continent. Grand totaL •.... ------·-- --·--- .... In seventeen years, l\Ir. Chairman, the United States have built four vessels in navy-yards. What. in the meanwhile, have the Recapitulation of war ships building in France in 1800. other maritime nations of the world been doing? It is unneces­ Nnm- Total ton- T tal sary to examine the records of the past seventeen years. I sub­ Where building. ber. nage. o cost. mit here tables which show tbe war ships building in England, France, Germany, Russia., and Italy during the year 1899: In dockyards-----·------·------·-- 35 166,171 $67,357,598 In :;>rivate yards ---··---·--·------·--- ·--·-· 71 87,435 42,SW,836 War ships btiilt in United States navy-yards since 1883. ~--~11~~~~-1-~~~~ Grand total.. ____ ·-·--· __ ------100 253, 600 109, 757,4:34: Num- Total ton- Class. ber. nage. War ships building in German dockyards in 1899. [Total cost no1; on record.] Second-class battlo ship Texas .•..•• ·---·---··------·------1 6,315 Becond-clnss battle ship Maine ______····--·-·-·---·-·-..•. -· 1 6,648 2 6,426 Num- Total ton- Protected cruisers Raleigh and CincinnatL.------··-----· ___ ,___ _ Class. ber. nage. Grand total - -·------____ ----·· ------···----- 4 19,389 Battle ships. ____ ..... ·--·--_-··--_-··----··--_-·---_--··----· 4: 43,660 War ships Luilding in English dockyards in 1899. Cruisers .... ------__ ·-----·------___ _ 4: 8,582 Grand total ...... ------...... ·------8 52,24::, Num- Total ton- Total cost. Class. bar. nage. War ships building in German private yards in 1899. 11 106,850 $55, 482, 514, Num- Total ton- ~gr~~;uiSci-i:i:::::::: ::::: :::: :: :::: :::: :::: 3 33, 700 11,889,464 Class. ber. nage. l'irst-<:lass protected cruisers, sheathed with wood and copper ______...... _-·-·------·--- 2 22,000 5,820,807 Second-class })rotected cruisors _. ---· ------­ 2 11,500 2, 9'21, 948 2 2!i,360 Third-cl:i£s protected cruisers------·-·---·-·- 3 fl,535 2,332,283 ~:~\~~~!1!~~ =~:: :::::: ::.-:::::.-::::::::::::: :::::: :::::::::::: 6 20,495 Sloop sheathed with wood and copper ______6 6,060 2,246, 703 Torpedo-boat destroyers .•.... ---·-----·------··- 16 2,7 0 ·Royal yacht------·------··------•·-----•-----1 4,700 2,112,068 Grand total ____ ...... ------...... ·-·------______24 45,635 Grand total.. _____ ------___ _ 28 241,34:5 82,805,847 Recapitulation of u:ar Rhips building in (fer-many in 1899. Wai· ships building in English private yards in 1809. Where built. Num- Tot.al ton· Num- Total ton- ber. nage. Class. ber. nage. Total cost. In dockyards------8 52,242 7 {).!,850 $33,2i3,6H ln private yards.------·-·----· 24 4:5, 635 ~~·~E:UiSers·: :::::: :::::::: :::.-:~: ::: :::::: 6 61,900 21,610, 790 ----!·---- Armored cruisers she!!.thed with wood and Grand total-----..... --·-·--··------·------32 97, 877 6 72,000 2'2, 681, 767 F~~,i·---ofecie_,_237_ Grand total--·-·------·------·-----· 9 95,916 4342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17,

Recapitttlation of u:ai· ships buildinq in Russia in 189[). Lord Brassey, tho greatest civil member that ever served in the Admiralty and one of the most eminent authm;ibes on nn.val affairs Where built. Num- Total ton· in England, strenuously depr~cated the dismissal of good work­ ber. nage. men from the dockyards, whfoh the Gladstone ministry had or­ dered in an effort to reduce the expenditures of the Government. In dockyards ---·-· ·-·--· ...... -----· ---· -.-...•.. ---····· ... . 12 87,918 In private yards ...... _.. , .. -----· .•.. ---··---·· ._---···---- 9 95,916 The great fluctuations in tl..ie members employed­ Torpedo-boat destroyers distributed a,mong doc.h.ryards 42 14,068 Said Lord Brassey- Tg:igea~~g~tsyai~t:ibute actually necc . sary. then that would not tako place, and I mean to say that a great economy tages that would result from new work being under way would would be accompliRhed in that way. On the other band a man who ha bad more than offset any such disadvantages. no experience in doing the work does not know what to1 look for and that To maintain tbe force and plant of any yard in the most effi­ will ena.l>le the contractor to get around him in many ways that he Wnl ne..v r cient manner it is necessary that new work be continually under see unless be has had it to do himself. way. .Mechanics naturally seek employment -wherever contin­ By constructing some vessels in the navy-yards an opportunity uous engagements are probable. The shipbuilding plants of the is given to men to learn practically many things that can not be country are scattered along the coast. !\1en can not afford fre­ acquired in the schools. Surely, since the several bureaus of the quently to shift distances of several hundre(l miles to take em­ Department design and plan the various vessels of the Navy, ployment. Even if it be contended that the primary purpose of with their minute and multitudinous details, the same men should a navy-yard is to do repair work, which contention can find lit­ be, and in fact are, able to lmilcl from these plans. The objection, tle to sustain it, tho necessity fo1• new construction is plainly therefore, does not lie that the men of the service are not compe­ apparent. tent to build. 'l.'he intermittent employment that must result from r~pair A standard of workmanship and desjgn will be establishecl an

yards to take advantage of the Government in the hour of neces­ to when advanced in life and incapacitated." So that while here sity woul

Ship without stores, ammunition, or Hull and machinery. water in boilers.

Name. Date of lay- Date of first Weight with- Cost per ing keel. commission. Costofhulland Weight of Cost per ton Final cost of out stores, ton of fin- machinery. hull and ma- of hull and chinery. machinery. ftnis~:t ves- a~~~r~;i~~· ished ves- boilers. sel.

Tons. Tons. Maine-· .. ------·---·------·----.. ·- Oct. 17, 1888 Sept.17,1895 * $3, 305, 4-09. 87 3,836,920 $861.47 $4, 677, 788. 75 5,436.35 $860.46 Texas------·------·------·---· June 1, 1889 Aug. 15,1895 * 2, 949, 549.12 a,595,690 820.30 4, 202, 121. 49 5,124.69 819. 91 Cincinnati------·------____ Jan. -,1890 June 16, 189-! * 1, 995, '173. 30 2,358,183 846.-01 2, 371, 904. 52 2,675. 92 886.38 Raleigh·------·-----··-.. ------·-----· Dec. -,1889 Apr.17,189! *l,&"9,965.23 2,358,183 780.21 2, 199, 729.80 2,6!JLOO 817.43 Indiana_.Minneapolis------···-·------______MayDec. 16,18917,1891 Nov.20,1895Dec. 13,189! t 2, 690, 000. ()() 5,816, 760 462.45 3, 849, 996. « 6,161.20 6.U.87 t 3, 063, (XX), 00 5, 691, 100 538.20 5, 983, 371. 98 8, 943. 30 669.03 Detroit------···---··------Feb. -,1890 July 20,1893 t 612, 500. 00 1,449,650 412.52 1, 233, 039. 90 1,660.00 740.11

*Amount expended in na_vy-yards. t Contract price. Comparison of contract p1·ice with total cost of certain ships. San Fran- I Mas&achu­ Monterey. Olympia. cisco. Oregon. setts. Indiana. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!I I ~~~~~-1-~~~~~ Payments on account of contra~t .... ---- ___ ·------·------_ $1,647, 728. M $1, 796,000.00 $1,423,231.50 $3,27~, 403. ~ I $3,0-15,576. 48 $3,005,272.39 Extra to contractors for authorized changes ______------· 107,093.02 103,831. 30 47, 739. 94 265,862. 69 171, 111.12 149. 980.42 Work done by Government, plans, inspection, etc ____ ·------73,588. 03 70,878. 67 141,840. 06 248, 165. 75 209,293. 32 2:;1,032.19 Hull armor .. _, ___ .... ------____ ---- .. ------·-----·-· 237, 790. 26 ------. ------··- _____ ----- 828, 468. 34 828, !ri9. 74 837, 884. 62 =~1~~~~~~~~~-t-i~~::::::::::-_:::: :::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: -----~~:~~~- Mc\:~: &1 --··-ioo,"

The conditions that exist to-day in the navy-yards are vastly we are not only building ships in American shipyards, of American material, by Ame~ican l~bor, on American nlans for ourselves, but also for some of different from those of fourteen ye&rs ago. The yards are now the leadmg nations of the world. Such has been the advance which bas been properly equipped for building purposes. The regulations under made in naval progress in our own country. which men are employed prevent the abuses that were then prev­ The Commissioner of Navigation, in his report for 1899, points alent. The mechanics are trained and properly organized, and out that- some improvement has been made in the methods of administra­ -. The scale and steadiness of operati9ns is of even more importance than tion. As the committee says in its report: either of these factors [cost of materials and the wages and efficiency of Seventeen years ago we had practically no facilities for building ships, labor] and probably more than both combined. Shipbuilding materials are and what we had were discredited. We were obliged to buy our armament !ower in the Unite~ S~tes than_in _Great Britain, a~d ~ages of labor are lower and armor, and even in one case our plans, from foreign countries. To-day m Germany than m Great Br1tam. yet Great Britam turns out steamships •

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17, more cheaply than either country. Her success is due to the magnitude of for the quality of the work. A vessel, he said, may on its trial her shipbuilding operations. The average time of construction is much less there than elsewhere. involving savinl? of interest to the purchaser and mani­ trip tum over, and various other things might happen; while. as i· e~t economies to the builder. British yards reproduce a number of vessels he argued, in the case of vessels built in private yards there is a from one set of plans, thus effecting a large savin~. bond given by the contractor, and unsatisfactory work of any kind On the Atlantic coast of the United Sta.tesoccas1onally "sister ships" have been built where one set of plans has served for two vessels, but except in is not paid for. The gentleman did not go quite far enough in his the case of the four .Admiral steamships, the Bureau knows of no instances statements. He should have said that the Government acce:pts where more than two steamships for the foreign trade have been built in the vessels built in private yards upon the opinion and experience and United t:>tates from one set of plans. The money value of experience, of do­ ing the third, fourth, or fifth time work which has been done once success­ knowledge of these very men to whom we would intrust in our fully, is recognized in every walk of industrial life. The continuity of work navy-yards the construction of vessels, and that when a vessel is enables British shipbuilding plants to assemble and keel!_ together their tech­ accepted all responsibility on the part of the contractor ends. nical and skilled corps in various departments. In the United States, except This, Mr. Chairman, is not a blow at private enterprise. It on the lakes, thus far our extensive naval construction alone has rendered these results practicable in some yards. In short, Great Britain's great ad­ will injure no legitimate business. It will raise the standard of vantage to-day over the United States and Germany lies in the fact that she workmanship th~t prevails in private establishments; the navy­ conducts a wholesale instead of a retail shipbuilding business, and that, ex­ yards will be more efficient and be more economically main-tained. cept on the Pacific, her shipowners are established in the trade. These advantages can not be offset by short-lived effort.a. Whatever sys­ The war-ship building capacity of the country will be doubled. If tem is adovted by the United States must be pursued uninterruptedly for it be possible to make in our own establishments the finest, most S')me years. effective, and at the same time the cheapest ordnance in the world, This extract, Mr. Chairman, undoubtedly is familiar to many what will prevent the navy-yards, fully equipped for the work, in this House. It is the argument of the Commissioner of Navi­ building ships the equal of any afloat and as economically as else­ gation in favor of the so-called Hanna-Payne ship-subsidy bill. where in the country? It shows that this Government, by liberal contracts with the pri­ It is merely a question of men, money, methods, and oppm:­ vate yards for naval vessels, has enabled such yards to attain a tunity. The men are ready. The money is to be appropriated. standard of proficiency that qualifies them to compete for foreign Methods that increase expense can readily be changed. All that construction. is needed is the opportunity. Give it. Let the men who plan, de­ Shipbuilding is no longer an" infant" industry in this country. sign, and inspect the construction of our vessels build some of them. It is time that the facilities of the Government for building pur­ Permit the genius and the talents of our officers, so brilliantly poses were given attention. Not until the navy-yards build sys­ displayed in every other branch of naval work, a fair field here, tematically and continuously a number of vessels can a fair com­ A higher standard will speedily be set in naval construction; parison be made between the results attained there and in private great economy will be effected in the naval establishment; officers establishments. and men alike will be the better equipped for their various duties More than $100,000,000 have been expended upon the navy-yards a higher efficiency will be attained, and an enormous saving will of this country. The value of the real estate, chattels, and ma­ be had in the ordinary work of the yards; and all the while the chinery plants of the three yards conceded to be equipped for interests of good-of the best-government will be subserved, by building purposes on June 30, 1899, as per appraisal under De­ securing the largest and best results for the least expenditure of partment (Navy) Circular No. 94, is as follows: public money. rApplause.] Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky addressed the Chair. Navy-yard. Real estate Machinery The CHAIRMAN. For what purpose does the gentleman rise? and chattels. plant. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. I rise for the purpose of mak ing a speech. New York. N. Y ----·------·--·------$19, 165,023. 79 1543, m. 68 The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman yielded his hour yesterday. Norfolk, Va ______------•••••• ------·------5, 649,554. 37 fJ60,M4.70 435,420.00 Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. So I understand, sir; but I also Mare Island, CaL---·--r•-·-· ---·------4, 127,611. 48 understand that there is no limitation-- Total_.·------·-----····------·--- 28, 942, 189. 64 1, 539, 242. 38 The CHAIRMAN. It will require unanimous consent for the gentleman to proceed. Mr. FOSS. I ask unanimous consent. Moreover, Mr. Chairman, a machine shop to cost $750,000 is in The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois asks that the process of erection at the New York Yard, which, when com­ gentleman from Kentucky may proceed-how long? pleted, "will be," according to the Secretary of the Navy and the Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. For a -very few minutes. Bureau of Steam Engineering, "the most complete and efficient The CHAIRMAN. The Chairwill put the proposition when he in the world, every advantage being taken of the latest devices of understands what it is. proven excellence." Mr. FOSS. I ask that the gentleman be given such time as he Are these plants to be utilized in the most efficient and econom­ may wish. ical manner, as demonstrated by the experience of the nations of The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois asks unani the Continent? That question, Mr. Chairman, must be answered mous consent that the gentleman from Kentucky may proceed by this House primarily. It will be easy to place the blame for with his remarks, occupying such time as he desires. Is there the failure to reinaugurate the policy of building in the navy­ objection? The Chair hears none. yards. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Mr. Chairman, I intended to This is not a novel policy. The men who plan, design, and say something on this bill, but I realize the folly of undertaking ciitically watch the construction of vessels for the Government to discuss measures about which we differ to empty benches. I must be competent to build. No more opportune time for the simply rise for the purpose of saying that, so far as I am person inauguration of this proposition is likely to come than the pres­ ally concerned, I have absolutely no pride of opinion in the minor ent. The shipyards are crowded with work. F-0r the year ending ity report. It is a matter of no more concern to me personally June 30, 1899, ''our const1·uction of steel steam vessels was greater than to any other citizen of the Republic. I should have said than in 1891 or than in any year in our history." The Report of something to members of the House, if the opportunity had been the Commissioner of Navigation for 1899 discloses that- given me, upon what my business judgment suggests is best for Our greatest annual production (of ocean steam vessels) was during the year just closed, June 30, 1899, when it amounted to 43,871 gross tons. Sea­ the Government. going steamships are all at the present time built of steel. I have no prejudice on earth either for or against any propo • • * * • * ... sition that is advocated by the majority or the minority. I have It is within bounds to assert that the construction of 100,000 tons of ocean experienced at ·the hands of the chairman of the committee and steel steamships (including those for the coasting trade), in addition to the naval contracts and contracts in other Government vessels on which they of my colleagues nothing but the greatest courtesy and kindness; are engaged, would overtax the present annual capacity of our shipyards. and I entertain for them personally the highest regard. It was When it is remembered that the average annual output of the only from a sense of public duty that I was induced to join with yards of Great Britain is 968,000 gross tons, the following extract a portion of my colleagues in presenting the minority report. I from an article in the Scientific American for March 17, 1900, is shall avail myself of the privilege given under the five-minute of special significance: rule to say what I think is pertinent to the questions of difference between us. Lastly1 !f the proposed measure is carried out, not merely with regard to th~ Brooxiyn yard, but to the other mentioned, the total war-ship building I regret very much that the interest in this matter is not great capacity would be doubled at a. stroke, a. consideration which or itself should enough to induce gentlemen to remain in their places. At the be sufficient to induce Congress to take favorable action on the question. The enormous increase which is being made in the navies of the continental risk, however, Mr. Chairman, of being a little disagreeable, I de­ powers, whose interests in the great commercial war of the day are bound s.ire to say something foreign to this bill but pertinent to the con to come into violent conflict with our own, should be a. warning to us to stand duct of affairs in this House. ready to double, if necessary, our present rate of output of war vessels. At a. comparatively slight expense it would be possible to add the navy-yards at The conclusion, Mr. Chairman, that I have reached, in my lim Brooklyn, Norfolk, and Ma.re Island to our an too small list of available war­ itedservicein thisbody,onmatters to which I think the attention ship building yards. of the House and the country should be directed-matters fraught Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. DAY· with great interest to the American people in my humble opinion, TON] in the course of his discussion called attention to the fact and that is the point to which I wished to ask the attention of that when ships are built in the navy-yards there is no guaranty members-is as to the right of the members of this body to speak 1900. ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4345 openly and criticise freely on the floor of the Honse what takes roll call on the questions presented and considerecl by the com­ place in the committee rooms. mittee, and this record may be accessible to the public. It is not I shall .avail myself of the first opportunity presented to offer an a question arising from party spirit that I allude to. But I think amendment to the rule covering that point. I shall ask the adop­ that the attitude of members in the committee when great ques­ tion of an amendment giving to each and every member of the tions of public importance are considered should be as open as in House the rjght to state the position of his colleagues on commit­ the House. Their argument, their manner, and their advocacy tees and what they said and what they did and how they voted of any question before the committee should be open to all. behind the c.Dmmittee ' doors. I am also heartily in favor, Mr. If the committee doors were open to the press, the evil would Chairmant of making it compulsory on every committee of the in a great measure be remedied; and if the members were given House to open its doors not only to the members, but to the press the opportunity to allude to the attitude of gentlemen in the and the public. committees on this floor, it would be beneficial and all-important With no intention, therefore, to insinuate anything even by in­ on matters of legislation. I, myself, would like to make some direction against the committee or the members of the.Committee remarks at this very moment, if it were within the i·ule, because on Naval Affairs, I will state on my own responsibility that the I think the American people are entitled to know the exact atti­ devilment done in Congress is done largely in the committee rooms, tude of their representatives. where the people can not find out the facts. Vicious legislation One other question, Mr. Chairman, not entirely pertinent to is there adopted; patriotic purposes, which are intended to serve this bill; and, as I say, I hope I will not appear in the attitude of the people, are throttled and strangled to death, and every man a scold, for I assure gentlemen that no man dislikes to take such knows-- a position more than myself, and what I am about to say is in­ Mr. HOPKINS (interrupting), Will the gentleman allow me tended in noway to reflect upon thepresidingofficeroftbisHouse; a question just there? but there is a practice that has grown up in Congress that ought Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Certainly. . to be remedied, and that is the practice of putting men upon com­ M1·. HOPKINS. I would like to ask the gentleman from Ken­ mittees who have special interests to serve. tucky what rule prohibits a member of a. committee from stating I do not think, sir, that it is a reflection upon any member of what has taken place in the committee? Congress to say that his desire to serve his immediate constitu­ Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. I can not turn to the rule now, ents often overweighs his obligation to the country. I am no ex­ but I will say that such a. rule or practice, at least, exists. The ception to the rule. I am claiming no particular virtue for myself. gentleman himself must have seen it, for it is brought into effect Doubtless I would be influenced as other gentlemen maybe or are; in the proceedings of the Honse frequently. but it is a bad practice to put men upon committees who have in­ Mr. HOPKINS. I doubt very much whether there is any such dustries either in their districts or in their States that have trans­ rule. The gentleman is mistaken. actions and dealings with the Federal Government. Mr. DALZELL. There is no rule of the House. It is only the Now, Mr. Chairman, just one word more, coming back to the common practice of parliamentary law. bill. The remarks that I have made have been suggested to some Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Well, it exists in practice, extent by my experience and my thought along the lines of this whether it be adopted as one of the rules of the House or whether bill, and my service on the Naval Committee. My colleague it be, as the gentleman says, parliamentary law. It is enforced from West Virginia [Mr. DAYTONl stated this morning derisively here, as we all know, for in this.very session the Speaker called a that some gentlemen had arrived at his conclusion after three gentleman to order for attempting to discuss matters which took months' of service on the Naval Committee. I desire to say that place in the committee rooms. so far as I am concerned I confess opaque ignorance upon the Bnt it really does not matterwhetheryouhaveformallyadopted armor-plate question and upon the shipbuilding question, the two it, that is the custom and the practice of the House, and it should matters dividing this House. not prevail. I know but very little about them, and yet I think without ego­ Mr. LACEY. The rule is claimed to be necessary in order that tism I can say I know as much about them as any man on the com­ the freedom of action and the interchange .of views amongst the mittee, unless it be the distinguished gentleman from New York members of the committee may not be hampered, and if a change [Mr. CUMMINGS], whose long service on the committee makes him should be made in the practice of th9 House which will prevent without doubt an authority on all matters pertaining to the Navy. members from having that entire freedom and frankness in debate If any of them have arrived at conclusions different from those which they can only have in the committee rooms-which would which I entertain their conclusions are based upon the self-same deprive them of that interchange of opinion which they can so testimony that I heard, because I attended every meeting of the freely exercise in the committee rooms-it would work a very Committee upon Naval Affairs since I have been placed upon it. serious detriment to legislation. I understand that that is the I have no sort of desire to have the House adopt the suggestion reason of the practice which has prevailed ever since parliamen­ that we have made here if you differ with us. I am quite confi­ tary law was known in this country, dent that the gentlemen who differ with the minority upon the Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. I understand that is the reason question of building ships in the navy-yards and upon tho ques­ given for the existence of such a practice; but I am satisfied it is tion of armor plate are just as patriotic and moved by just as high a vicious practice and ought not to be pursued. There is noth­ purposes as we of the minority. It is a question of business and ing good to be gained by it. Every member of the House under­ not of politics. It is a question for the solution of the representa­ stands that legislation is throttled in the committees, and that it tives of the American people, and they are to determine what is is absolutely impossible to discuss the questions that are consid­ best for us all. I do not care whether you build ships in the navy- ered in the committee, or the position of gentlemen, what was ~& m~ A said by them, and how they voted upon any question on the floor I know that the Bureau of Construction, from the head of it of the House; and with no desire to be offensive I state that the down to every man examined, say that we ought to do so, and I position of many gentlemen on questions in the Honse is not their do know that the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. DAYTON], position in committee, for they are conscious that their colleagues and I am sorry he is not in his place, made a statement this morn· can not allude to the position or the arguments made by them in ing that was exceedingly equivocal, and he did not deal fairly the committee. with the House in arguing the testimony of the constructors. I Therefore the cause of the people is not only throttled, but invite members of the House to read the printed evidence of the some members are thwarted in the discharge of what they believe constructors and of Admiral Hichborn before the committee on to be their duty to the American people. But if the members of the shipbuilding question, which I shall not attempt to discuss. the committee were at liberty in their representative capacity to I desire to say that I regret extremely that I am not in an atti· discuss on the floor of the House the attitude of their colleagues tude to put in the RECORD a letter which I have received, written on great public questions, men would then come to understand me by a gentleman who lives, I believe, in the district of my friend the necessity of giving more attention in the committee room to from Pennsylvania [Mr. DALZELL], and who claims to know about proper legislation, or would at least have the cowardice to submit the manufacture of armor. That is all the testimony that I have to the sway of correct public opinion. been able to get possession of during this session, except what is So far as I am personally concerned, and I do not say this in contained in the records and books which are open to everybody. the spirit of a demagogue, I crave the fullest investigation of my I have asked permission to put that letter in the RECORD, but that every vote and attitude on each and every question, and I believe permission has not been granted me. that the great body of the House echoes my sentiments. The I do not know what it would cost to make a ton of armor, and practice is a bad one, and it should be remedied. I do not believe there is a man in the American Government who Mr. HOPKINS. Will yon allow another interruption? knows, outside of the workmen in Mr. Carnegie's works and the Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Certainly. Bethlehem Iron Works. I do not believe there is a man in this Mr. HOPKINS. ls it not a fact that a record of every member Government who can come anywhere near stating what a ton of of the committee on any proposition is kept and that his position armor will cost. I am opposed to the construction of an armor­ before the committee is made public? plate factory, and I am opposed to the construction of ships in the Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. There is a practice of course of Government navy-yards. I do not see how I can reconcile my keeping the record and of calling the roll and keeping a list of the positions as a Democrat without straining my conscience a little 4346 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17,

bit; but I belie\Ye when it comes to a question of highway robbery said, Mr. Chairman, an understanding exists in this trust. That or foregoing my deep-rooted convictions as a Democrat, I would vEry trust may impose this royalty, and it may be eventually di­ surrender a few of them, and I am driven to take the position vided among the armor-plate factories. It is admitte'd in the that l do upon the armor-plate question, gentlemen, after reading testimony of the president of the Carnegie Company that a trust the repor-ts and the evidence at my disposal. I have come to the does exist between the Bethlehem and the Carnegie Iron Works. calm. dc!iberate conclusion that we were paying from 175 to 200 He testified to it not only before the Committee on Naval Affairs per cent more than it cost these men to manufacture armor plate. of this House but before the Committee on Naval Affairs of the Mr. SNODGRASS. Will the gentleman permit a question? United States Senate. And they have gone further. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Yes. I have in my pocket here a little clipping that I got out of a Mr. SNODGRASS. What about the statement that has been paper a few days ago. and whether true or not I can not say, but made that there is a patented process that entered into it? here is a statement taken from the New York World, which I will Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. My dear sir, every man knows not take up the time of the House to read, but still perhaps I may that there are various patents, a dozen or more of them, on the be permitted to state its contents. It is a declarationi appear­ process of hardening iron. ing to be authoritative, that the Cramp shipyards and the Car­ Mr. SNOD<;lRASS. Have the present manufacturers of armor negie Steel Company have combined, for what purpose will be plate the exclusive privilege of using that secret process? apparent to the House. Now, not onlv does the Bethlehem and Mr. "WHEELER of Kentucky. If I were to undertake to go Carnegie Company manufacture armor plates, but they have gone into that. it would be necessary to make a speech on the subject. further and formed a combination with the most gigantic ship­ Mr. SNODGRASS. I think that is an important question, and I building concern of the United States. Why they have formed hope somebody will make a speech on it. that combination will be very appareut, I think, to the members Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. I have a very serious doubt in of this House. my mind whether or not any royalty is paid even by Mr. Carnegie One other word. The gentleman from West Virginia said that or the Bethlehem Iron Works or by the Government. Some years he did not know there "'as a lobby combating the suggestion of ago the Government thought we were being gouged, and they constructing ships in the Government navy-yards. The impres­ undertook to protect the manufacturer of armor plate against a sion seems to have gotten abroad that the minority were in favor royalty of 2 cents a pound. We have never paid the royalty, but of the construction of all Government ships in the Government I believe there are some suits yet pending about that, to determine navy-yards. That is not the position of the minority. We simply the question. So far we have paid no royalty, and Admiral O'Neil ask that the three smaller cruisers of 8,000 tons burthen be con­ in bis testimony said that the manufacture of Krupp plate was structed,oneattheNorfolkNavy-Yard, one at the Brooklyn Navy­ not a secret process. If the obligation exists at all, it is a moral Yard, and one at Mare Island, and we did that because the con­ and not a legal obligation upon the Government to recognize it. structors said that eventually it would be cheaper for the Gov- And in that letter, which I will take the risk of quoting here ernment to do so than to construct them by contract. That was to some extent, and yet I can not disclose the name, it is stated our idea. that the method of making Ki·upp plate is known; and the man I started to reply to the position of the gentleman over there. professes to be one of four or five men in the United States who He said he did not feel a lobby on this question. I do not know understand its manufacture, and he says it can be manufactured whether there was a lobby here or not, but I received a copy of a at 8100 a ton less than barveyized armor. letter addressed to a Republican member of the Committee on Now, Mr. Chairman, it is useless to ask-- Naval Affairs, handed me by a gentleman who declared he was a Mr. HOPKINS. Will thegentlemanallowmejustthere? The i·epresentative of the Cramps, and that he was here for the pur- gentleman has referred to a mysterious letter. pose of trying to persuade our committee against that idea. The Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. It is not mysterious at all. letter was simply an argument against building ships in the navy- Mr. HOPKINS. The point I am trying to get at is this: Unless yard, and I supposed each member of the committee received' a there is something to prohibit making the letter public by the copy. law, I uo not know any authority of the committee or the Honse Now, Mr. Chairman, I have agreed with the chairman of t4e to restrain the gentleman from exercising his own judgment in committee, acting_upon the suggestion of the senior Democrat on giving this .House any information tbat he has which seems to the committee, Mr. CU.Ml\UNGS, that we would clo3e general de­ have bad a marked influence on the gentleman in arriving at his bate to-night. I believe there is no one else that desires to say conclusions. anything. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. No, Mr. Chairman, it did not Mr. FOSS. Mr. Chairman, I move that the general debate on have any influence upon me. My conclusions were reached be- the bill be considered as closed. fore I received the letter. It is not a mysterious letter. It is sim- Mr. CANNON. We can not do that in committee, can we? · ply a Jetter in answer to a question I asked; and yet it contained The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk wm· read the bill. one or two sentences that were valuable, and I desired toputthem Mr. CANNON. Before debate is closed, :Mr. Chairman, I want in the RECORD, and wrote to the man and asked his permission t-0 to be recognized long enough to make a request. publish it, but he has not given that permission; and while I know Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Pending that motion, Mr. Chair­ of no restraining influence, except that of propriety, it is suffi.- man. I desire to ask my colleague if we can not have someunder­ ciently potential for me not to publish it without his permission. standing about th!'rdebate on the armor-plate question, the sbip- Mr. HOPKINS. I misunderstood the position of the gentleman. building-question, and on the Government survey that our friend ~ I inferred from his remarks that it was some action of the corn- from Illinois is so much interested in. mittee that was prohibiting him from giving the House certain Mr. FOSS. I think when we reach those items in the bill we information here relating to this subject and which had marked can make so~e arrangement. influence upon him. That was the reason of my inquiry. Mr. WHEELER of J_{eptucky. Does not the gentleman think Mr. \¥HEELER of Kentucky. I was, it seems, unfortunate in it would be a good idea to make it now? my statement in reference to the letter. Mr. FOSS. I shall be pleased to make any arrangement which M.r. BARBER. Have not these armor manufacturers said to will be satisfactory-say, to have debate for an hour or two on the Government, "If you think we do not :pay the royalty, you each one of those items which are in dispute. pay the royalty and we will furnish the armor at $500 a ton?" Mr. CUMMINGS. Speaking for myself, Mr. Chairman, that Have not they said that by letter to the Secretary of the Navy? will be entirely satisfactory, and I think to the members of the Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. I suppose they have; but that minority. brings up a still further question. I have no doubt in my mind .Mr. FOSS. There is no disposition, so far as I am concerned, they, in making that statement, have predicated it on a number to cut off anybody from a reasonable discussion of these matters. of things that we can not undertake to analyze here. I have no l\Ir. UNDERWOOD.• I am anxious, Mr. Chairman, to say doubt the royalty will eventually be divided between the armor- something on the armor-plate question, and if the gentleman is plate factories, whether paid by the Government to Krupp, in not going to allow reasonable time when the question is reached I Europe, or to one of these armor-plate factories here. There is would like before general deba,te is closed to get recognition and no question in my mind that an understanding exists between the say something on the bill. If he is going to allow reasonable armor-plate factories not only of the United StateEt, but of the time, I would much prefer, if I can get an opportunity, to say it world, and I will go further and say I suspect that a nefarious then. agreement was made by a man who now wears the uniform of Mr. FOSS. I think the gentleman can have time. this Government. Mr. CANNON. Why not have this understanding-I have fre- Mr. BARBEI<>. Haye they not said that they have a definite quently made it when I have had charge of appropriation bills, contract wHh the Krupps by which they are required to pay in sundry civil and other bills-that as to the time covering the pounds sterling EO much per ton, anct that, while the thickness of coast survey. the armor plate, and the building of ships in navy­ the plate governs the amount of the royalty, it will run from $45 yards, we shall not consider general debate as closed upon those to 5.10, or it is a litee over $50 which they are obliged to pay under three questions? Then we can agree when we reach them as to their contract? the time. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. That is entirely so; but as I 1 Mr. FOSS. I would much prefer to fix the time now. 1900. . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4347

Mr. CANNON. Possibly you might fix a longer time than H. R. 3962. An act granting an increase of pension to Alanson C. would be wanted. I only make the suggestion. Gentlemen who Eberhart: have spo~en to me about the coast-survey matter have said that H. R. 4562. An act granting a pension to Lois A. Fields; they would like not longer than an hour and a half or shorter H. R. 4654. An act granting an increase of pension to Simon than an bour, as against that provision. Van Der Vaart; l\ir. FOSS. As far as I am concerned, Mr. Chairman, I am H. R. 4795. An act granting an increase of pension to John willing to agree that when we reach the ocean and lake survey O'Conor; we have a debate for an hour and a half, one-half of the time to H. R. 4.836. An act granting an increase of pension to Wilbur be controllEd by-- F. Loveland; 1\1 r. CANNON. No, I said an hour and a half against the bill H. R. 5170. An act granting a pension to Cyrus Johnson; provision. H. R. 5981. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles Mr. FOSS. Well, make it two hours-an hour on each sicle. A. Hausman· Mr. CANNON. 'fhat, under the five-minute rule, so far as I am concerned, wonld be snfficient. H. R. 6019. An act granting a pension to Mrs. Therese W. Hard; H. R. 963. An act to ext~nd the privileges of the seventh section Mr. CLARK of Missouri. :M:r. Chairman, that is for ~he coast survey. I think there ought to ba ample time on the armor-plate of the act approved June 10, 1880, to the port of Greenbay, Wis.; proposition. There are a good many gentlemen who want to H. R. 2170. An act granting a pension to Angeline Eyestone; speak on the question who are not on the committee. I regard H. R. 7264. An act granting a pension to Hannah C. Smith; that as one of the most important propositions that have been de­ H. R. 625. An act granting an increase of pension to Wesley bated in this House at this Congress-whether or not the Govern­ Reed; ment shali manufacture its own armor plate. H. R. 1147. An act granting an increase of pension to Luke H. l\Ir. RIDGELY. I wish to state, Mr. Chairman, that I won!d Cooper; · like some time to speak upon the question of making armor plate. H. R. 1677. An act granting an increase of pension to Missouri Mr. GAINES. I should like to have some time, too. B. Ross; Mr. FOSS. I will say to members that I have no doubt there H. R. 1681. An act granting an increase of pension to Isaac M. will be ample time for gentlemen to make remarks upon these Locke; questions when we reach these provisions. I move that general H. R. 1768. An act granting an increase of pension to George debate be closed. J. Stealy; The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read. H. R. 1946. An act granting a pension to Jane F. Chalmers; Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I rise to a question of order. H. R. 3312. An act granting an increase of pension to Ellen V. I do not understand that there has been any formal action closing Myer; general debate. ff. R. 6089. An act granting a pension to Alfred T. Moreland; The CHAIRMAN. No gentleman is ready to take the :floor in H. R. 6486. An actgrantinganincrease of pension to Orange F. general debate. Berden· Mr. UNDERWOOD. I desire to call the attention of the Chair H. R: 6731. An act granting an increase of; pension to William to the fact that I asked for the floor, if I could not have assurance F. Tait; from the acting chairman of the committee that I should have H. R. 7323. An act granting an increase of pension to Harrison time upon the armor-plate question. Canfield; Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. I am satisfied, Mr. Chairman, H. R. 779;). An act granting an increase of pension to ~ranklin that we can reach an agreement-that the chairman will give us M. Burdoin; all the time necessary when we reach those provisions. H. R. 8339. An act grantinganincreaseof pension toCharlesH. Mr. CANNON. Well, I will take my friend's assurance as to the Gates; ocean and coast survey. H. R. 8390. An act granting an increase of pension to Joshua Mr. FOSS. I think the gentleman can take it with perfect safety. .Mitchell; The Clerk began the reading of the bill. H. R. 8397. An act granting an increase of -pension to John Mr. FOSS. Mr. Chairman, I move that the committee do now White; rise. H. R. 8599. An act granting a pension to Ellen J. Williams; The motion was agreed to. H. R. 8605. An act granting a pension to Joseph Champlin Accordingly the ccmmittee rose; and the Speaker having re­ Stowe: sumed the chair, Mr. PAYNE, Chait·man of the Committee of the H. R. 1201. An act granting a pension to James McNutt: . Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that com­ H. R. 6527. An act granting an increase of pension to George mittee had had under consideration Honse bill No. 10450 and had Myers; come to no resolution thereon. H. R. 8045. An act granting an increase of pension to ·Wilford Cooper; TREATMENT OF AMERICAN CITIZENS IN SOUTH AFRICA. B. R. 6900. An act granting an increase of pension to Benjamin The SPEAKER laid before the House the following message F. Kurtz; from the President of the United States; which was read, and, H. R. 6356. An act granting an increase of pension to Lewis R. with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on For- Armstrong: eign Affairs, and ordered to be printed: ' If. R. 5774. An act granting a pension to William R. Wallace; To the House of Rep1·esentatives: H. R. 5134. An act granting an increase of pension to Joseph F. I transmit herewith a report from the Secretary of State in response to Allison; the resolution of the House of Representatives of March 23, 1900, callin~ for copies of any and all letters on file in the Department of State from citizens H. R. 4657. An a.ct granting a pension to Lama S. Pontius; of the United States resident in the South African Republic from January 1, H. R. 4089. An act granting a pension to Emily Burke; 1899, to the present time, making complaints of treatment by the South Afri­ H. R. 3758. An act granting an increase of pension to Joshua can Republic. Ricketts; WILLIAM McKINLEY. EXECUTIVE MANSION, April 17. 1900. H. R. 3214. An act granting a pension to John S. Dukate· H. R. 1172. An act granting a pension to Rebecca J. Jone~· and LEA VE OF ABSENCE. H. R. 2303. An act granting an increase of pension to La~inia Mr. WHITE of North Carolina, by unanimous consent, obtained M. Payne. leave of absence for three days, on account of important business. The SPEAKER announced his signature to enrolled bills and joint resolutions of the following titles: WITHDRAWAL OF PAPERS. S. 819; An act granting an increase of pension to Benjamin F. Mr. SrANLEY W. DAVE~PORT, by unanimous consent, obtained Bourne; leave to withdraw from the files of the House, without leaving S. 833. An act granting an increase of pension to Harry Atkin­ copies, papers in the case of Timothy A. Allen, Fifty-fifth Con­ son· gress, no adverse report having been made thereon. s: 1194. An act granting an increase of pension to John B. Ritz­ ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. man; S. 1251. An act granting an increase of pension to Celia A. Mr. BAKER, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported Jeffers; that they had examined and found truly enrolled bills and joint S. 1265. An act grant~ng a p~nsion to Elcnder Herring; resolutions of thG following titles; when the Speaker signed the S. 1309. An act granting an mcrease of pension to Herman Piel· same. S. 1721. An act granting an increase of pension to Amos H: H. R. 3454. An act granting a pension to Joseph E. Baldwin; Goodnow; H. R. 3654. An act grant

S. 2742. An act restoring to the pension roll the name of Annie Iterest in and to certain land in the city ~f Newport, R. I.-to the A. Gibson; Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. , · S. 2167. An act granting an increase of pension to Franklin C. S. 78. An act granting a pension to Samuel W. Childs-to the Plantz; Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 3017. An act granting an increase of pension toJuliaM.Edie; S. 314. An act granting a pension t-0 Rosa L. Couch-to the · S. 2622. An act granting a pension to Maria A. Thompson; Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. R. 108. Joint resolution providing for the printing 9f the S. 825. An act granting an increase of pens~on to Jornph B. report of the governor of Arizona for 1899; Coons-to the Committee on the Invalid Pensions. S. 1250. An act gnmting a pension to Hattie E. Redfield; S. 1031. An act granting an increase of pension to Thomas H. S. 1228. An act granting an increase of pension to Thomas Jor- Kearney-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. dan; S. 1126. An act for the relief of Mrs. Narcissa G. Short-to the S. 994. An act granting an increase of pension to Casper Mil- Committee on Pensions. Ier, jr.; S. 1274. An act granting an increase of pension to Augustus C. S. 645. An act granting an increase of pension to David Hunter; Pyle-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 346. An act granting an increase of pension to Mrs. Arethusa $. 1347. An act granting an increase of p6nsion to Marie Sharpe- Wright; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 261. An act granting an increase of pension to Lizzie H. S. 1776. An act granting a pension to John Carr-to the Com- Hyndman; mittee on Invalid Pensions. S. 320. An act granting an increase of pension to Allen Buckner; S. 1901. An act granting a pension to Elvira Hunter-to the S. 531. An act granting a pension to Henrietta Cummins; Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 241. An act granting a pension to Patrick Layhee; S. 2101. An act granting an increase of pension to George E. S. 239. An act granting an increase of pension to Rhoda A. Scott-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Foster; S. 2142. An act for the relief of Anna Whitney Tarbell-to the S. 209. An act granting an increase of pension to Cornelia Committee on Invalid Pensions. De Peyster Black; S. 2570. An act granting an increase of pension to John M. S. 208. An act granting an increase of pension to Josephine I. Swift-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Offley; S. 2729. An act granting a pension to Eliza L. Reese-to the S. 62. An act granting an increase of pension to Robert Black;· Committee on Pensions. S. R. 34. Joint resolution authorizing the printing of 35,000 S. 2795. An act granting an increase of pension to Christina cop1es of bulletin No. 24, Department of Agriculture, entitled, Noll-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. "A Primer of Forestry," for the use of Congress and Department S. 3058. An act granting an increase of pension to Hariet E. of Agriculture; :M:eylert-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 2336. An act repealing section 4716 of the Revised Statutes S. 3082. An act granting a pension to Efu:abeth F. Wolfiey-to so far as the same may be applicable to the claims of dependent the Committee on Invalid Pensions. parents of soldiers, sailors, and marines who served in the Army S. 3099. An act granting an increase of pension to Melancthon or Navy of the United States during the war with Spain; McCoy-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · S. 1769. An act granting an increase of pension to Henry S. 3119. An act granting an increase of pension to Lewis Terry- Frank; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 141:9. ·An act granting an increase of pension to Annie B. S. 3137. An act granting an inci·ease of pension to Lunsford Goodrich; Ellis-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 1331. An act granting an increase of pension to Ellen C. Ab- S. 3139. An act granting a i;ension to John B. Wetherbee-to bott; the Committee on Pensions. S.1298. An act granting an increase of pension to Oscar Taylor; S. 3268. An act granting an increase of pension to Elisha F. S. 1268 . .An act granting a pension to Sarah R. Burrell; Barton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 1264. An act granting an increase of pension to James A. S. 3314. An act granting a pension to Mary I. Bradbury-to the Southard; Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 677. An act granting an increase of pension to Je1·usha W. S. 3337. An act granting an increase of pension to Buren R, Sturgis; . Sherman-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. - S. 1960. An act granting an increase of pension to EliJ. March; S. 3436. An act granting a pension to Catherine Weinheimer- 8. 2209. An act granting an increase of pension to Frederick to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Higgins; - S. 3467. An act granting a. pension to Hellen Lang-to the Com· S. 2220. An act granting an increase of pension to Eudora S. mittee on Invalid Pensions. Kelley; S. 3470. An act granting a pension to Rosalia Tejidor Brincker· S. 2351. An act granting an increase of pension to Joseph W. hoff-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Skelton; and S. 3480. An act granting a pension to John Holland-to the S. 1255. An act granting an increase of pension to James M. Committee on Invalid Pensions. Simeral. S. 3534. An act granting an increase of pension to Helen G. SENA.TE BILLS REFERRED. Heiner-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, Senate bills of the following titles S. 3549. An act granting an increase of pension to William A. were taken from the Speaker's table and referred to their appro- Keyes-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. pi·iate committees as indicated below: S. 3708. An act granting a pension to John H. Harrison-to the S. R. 114. Joint resolution for the relief of Garfield Ho~pital- Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Appropriations. S. 3790. An act granting an increase of pension to Anna M. S. 2762. An act to authorize the Sec1·etary of War to correct the Collins-to the Committee on Pensions. military record of Wypn W. Pefley-to the Committee on Mill- S. 3899. An act granting a pension to James Cook-to the Com· tary Affairs. mittee on Invalid Pensions. S. 2259. An act for the relief of Jeronemus S. Underhill-to the S. 3900. An act granting a pension to Sarah Clark-to the Com- Committee on War Claims. mittee on Invalid Pensions. S. 943. An act to provide for the erection of a public building in S. 4007. An act granting an increase of pension to Bernard the city of Great Falls, Mont.-tothe Committee on Public Build- Dunn-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ings and Grounds. S. 4030. An act granting ~ pension to Helen M. Glenny-to the S. 3286. An act to diminish the number of appraisers at the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ports of Philadelphia and Boston-to the Committee on Ways and S. 3670. A11 act authorizing and directing the Secretary of the Means. Interior to issue a patent to the heir or heirs of one Tawamnoha, S. 879. An act for the relief of Levi Stoltz-to the Committee or Martha Crayon, com-eying to them certain lands in the State on Claims. of Nor th Dakota, confirming certain conveyance thereof, and for s. 558. An act to make disposition of the increment and accre- other purposes-to the Committee on the Public Lands. tions upon the sums reserved by the Department of State from S. 3634. An act granting a pension to Mary P. Hunter-to the the fund received bv the United States upon the account of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. payment of the awards of the late Spanish and American Claims S. 4190. An act to provide for the removal to the proper district Com.nillsion and to pay and distribute the same-to the Commit- for trial of persons indicted for offenses against the United tee on Claims. States-to the Committee on the Judiciary. S. 3465. An act to provide an American register for the steam­ ship Garonne-to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and HOUSE BILL WITH SENATE AMENDMENTS REFERRED. Fisheries. Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, House bill No. 10449, making ap· S. 3679. An act granting a deed of quitclaim and release to Loril­ propriations to supply additional urgent deficiencies in the appro­ lard Spencer, his heirs and assigns, of all the right, title, and in- priatfons for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, and for other 1900. OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. 4349

purposes, with Senate a:µiendments, wereta.kenfrom the Speaker's A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, trans- table and referred to the Committee on Appropriations. mitting a copy of the findings filed by the court in the ca82 of GOVERNMENT EXHIBITS AT NEW YORK PRINTING EXPOSITION. Martha L. Hendricks against the United States-to the Commit­ tee on War Claims, and ordered to be printed. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, by direction of the Committee on Appropriations I report back the joint resolution which I send to REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND the desk, with the recommendation that it pass with amendments. RESOLUTIONS. I ask unanimous consent for its immediate consideration. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions of the follow­ The joint resolution was read, as follows: ing titles were severally reported from committees, delivered to Joint resolution (H.J. Res. 235) authorizing the exhibit of Government relics a.t the New York Printing Exposition from May 2 to June 2, 1900. the Clerk, and referred 'to the several Calendars therein named, as Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of follows: .d:merica in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury- be, and Mr. MARSH, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to which he is hereby, authorized and directed to exhibit at the New York Printing was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 5789) for the improve· Expositioni from May 2 to June 2, 1900, a. geometrical scroll machine, and such other artic es now in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing; also, "a picture ment and care of Confederate Mound, in Oak Woods Cemetery, of Governor William Allen of Ohio on a saw blade,'' now in the possession of Chicago, Ill., and making an appropriation therefor, reported the the Secret Service Division of the Treasury Department; also copies of charts same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1077); which of Hell Gate, the Battery, and other New York City points, to be printed from orJgina.l copperplates now in the possession of the Coast and Geodetic said bill and report were referred to the Committee of the Whole Survey, and such other articles in said bureaus as may be of interest to the House on the state of the Union. printiilg trades. Mr. WANGER, from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign SEC. 2. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and di­ rected to exhibit at said exposition medical catalogues, old volumes, worki! Commerce, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. in Russian and other foreign tongues, now in the possession of the Surgeon­ 10803) to fix the compensation of surfmen employed in the Life­ General of the Army; also samples of work and manuscripts written on Saving Service of the United States, reported the same in lien of stumps, and so forth, by generals in the war of the rebelllon, now in the pos­ H. R. 2918, 7436, and 9992, accompanied by a report (No. 1078); session of the Rebellion Records Division of the War Department, and such other articles as may~ of interest to the printing trades. which said bill and report were referred to the Committee of the SEC. 3. That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized Whole House on the state of the Union. and directed to exhibit at Eaid exposition such general exhibit of patents as Mr. CANNON, from the Committee on Appropriations, to which may be of interest to the printing trades. SEC. 4. That the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution be, and he is was referred the joint resolution (H. J. Res. 235) authorizing the hereby. authorized and directed to exhibit at said exposition the old Ben exhibit of Government relics at the New York Printing Exposi­ Franklin printing press and such other articles now in the National Museum tion from May 2 to June 2, 1900, reported the same with amend· as may be of interest to the printing trades. SEC. 5. That all expenses mcurred in carrying out the provisions of this ment, accompanied by a report (No. 1079); which said joint reso­ joint resolution shall be paid by the directors of the New York Printing Ex­ lution and report were ordered to be printed. position under such regulations as shall be adopted by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War. the Secretary of the lnwrior, and the Secre­ tary of the Smithsonian Institution. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND The amendments reported by the committee were read, as fol­ RESOLUTIONS. lGws: Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, private bills and resolutions cf the On page 1 strike out, in line 4, the words "and directed" and insert "in his following titles were severally reported from committees, delivered discretion." to the Clerk, and referred to the Committee of the Whole House, On page 2 strike out, in line 2, the words "and directed" and insert "in his as follows: discretion." Page 2 strike out, in line 11, the words "and direct.ad" and insert "in his Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to discretion." which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3508) granting an Page 2 strike out, in line 15, the words "and directed" and insert "in his increase of pension to Edward F. Phelps, reported the same with­ discretion." out amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1021); which said The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. of the joint resolution? Mr. SAMUEL W. SMITH, from the Committee on Invalid There was no objection. Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 757) Mr. CANNON. I would like the· Clerk to read the enacting granting increase of pension to William C. Stockton, reported the clause again. There may be need of an amendment there. same without amendment. accompanied by a report (No. 1022); The enacting clause was again read. which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. CANNON. That is all 1·ight. Mr. BOUTELL of illinois, from the Committee on Claims, to The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 4412) for the re­ ments which have been read. lief of Augustus E. Gans, i·eported the same without amendment, The amendments were agreed to. accompanied by a report (No. 1023); which said bill and rel!,ort The joint resolution as amended was ordered to be engrossed were referred to the Private Calendar. andread a third time; and it was accordingly read thethird time, Mr. PEAROE of Missouri, from the Committee on Claims, to and passed. which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 287) for the re­ On motion of Mr. CANNON, a motion to reconsider the last vote lief of William M. Bird, James Redding, Henry F. Welch, and was laid on the table. others, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a ORDER OF BUSINESS, report (No. 1024); which said bill and report were referred to the :Mr. FOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all gen­ Private Calendar. tlemen who have taken part in the general debate on the na.val Mr. BAILEY of Kansas, from the Committee on Claims, to appropriation bill may extend their remarks in the RECORD. which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 1168) for the re­ .Mr. UNDERWOOD. I would ask the gentleman from illinois if lief of the heirs of the late Charles P. Culver, reported the same he will not extend that request so as to embrace those gentlemen with amendment, accompanied bya report (No.1025); which said who speak under the five-minute rule on the bill? bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. FOSS. 1 have no objection. Mr. PHILLIPS, from the Committee on Claims, to which was Mr. STEELE. Mr. Speaker, in view of the fact that the REC- referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3060) for the relief of James c. ORD has been much abused recently by this privilege, I object. Drake, reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a The SPEAKER. Does the objection apply to both requests? report (No. 1026); which said bill and report were referred to the Mr. STEELE. To both requests. P1ivate Calendar. Mr. FOSS. Mr. Speaker,ImovethattheHousedonowadjourn. Mr. Q-RAFF, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which The motion was agreed to; and accordingly (at 5 o'clock and20 was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 5804) for the relief of minutes p. m.) the House adjourned. Byron F. Davis, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1027); which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Mr. COCHRANE of New York, from the Committee on Invalid Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, the following executive commu­ Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. nications were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as 10082) granting an increase of pension to Lewis Oliver, reported follows: the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1028); A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. estimate of appropriation for compensation of woman commis­ Mr. GASTON, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to sioner to unveiling of statue of Lafayette at Paris Exposition­ which was referred the bill of the House (H. R.10443) granting a to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. pension to Anna C. White, widowof Thornton F. White, lat.eact­ A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an ing assistant surgeon, United States Army, reported the same with estimate of. appropriation for salary of resident commiSaioner amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1029); which said bill from Porto Rico to the United States-to the Committee on and report were referred to the Private Calendar. . Appropriations: and ordered to be printed. Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to 4350 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17, which was referred the bill of the Honse (H. R. 8536) granting an same with amendment, accompanied bya report (No. 1047); which increase of pension to Robert Anderson, jr., reported the same said bill and report wel'e referred to the Private Calendar. witi:10ut amendment, accompanied by a rep8rt (No. 1030); which He also, from the same committee, to which was refened tho said bill and report were refened to the Private Calendar. bill of the House (H. R. 5964) granting an increase of pension to He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Buel 0. Smith, reported the same with amendment, accomp3.nied bill. of the Senate (S. 3797) granting an increase of pension to by a report (No. 1048); which said bill and report were referred John H. Streeter, reported the same without amendment, accom­ to the Private Calendar. panied by a report (No. 1031); which said bill and report were re­ He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the ferred to the Private Calendar. bill of the House (H. R. 5555) granting a pension to Virginia.Hull, He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report bill of the Senate (S. 36) granting an increase of pension to Emma (No. 1049); which said bill and report were referred to the Private G. Sargent, reported the same without amendment, accompanied Calendar. by a report (No. 1032); which said bill and report were referred Mr. HOFFECKER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to the Private Calendar. to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2764) granting an He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the increase of pension to William Murphy, i·eported the same with­ bill of the Senate ( S. 2881) granting a pension to Mary A. Parker, out amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1050); which said reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a report bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. (No. 1033); which said bill and report were referred to the Pri­ Mr. SAMUEL W. SMITH, from the Committee on Invalid Pen­ vate Calendar. sions, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 135) grant­ Mr. GRAFF, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to ing an increase of pension to Frances C. Do Russy, reported the which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 10147) granting same without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1051); a pension to Delia. A. Jones, reported the same with amendment, which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. accompanied by a report (ND. 1034); which said bill and report Mr. MIERS of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen­ were referred to the Private Calendar. sions, to which was referred the bill of the Honse (H. R. 8211) He a1so, from the same committee, to which was referred the granting an increase of pension to William.Shulmire, reported bill of the House (H. R. 2634) to fucrease the pension of Erasmus the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1052); Darwin Steen, reported the same with amendment, accompanied which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. by a report (No. 1035); which said bill and report were referred Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to the Private Calendar. . to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 4942) granting He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the a pension to Lydia A. Stockwell, reported the same with amend­ bill of the House (H. R. 852) to increase the pension of James ment, accompanied by a report (No. 1053); which said bill and Cooper, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report were referred to the Private Calendar. report (No. 1036); which said bill and report were referred to the He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Private Calendar. bill of the House (H. R. 4424) for the relief of Isaac N. Jennings, Mr. HOFFECKER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, reported the same with amendment, accompanied hy a report to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3200) granting a (No. 1054); which said bill and report were referred to the Pri- pension to John P. Hinsley, reported the same without amend­ vate Calendar. · ment, accompanied by a report (No. 1037); which said bill and Mr. GIBSON, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which report were referred to the Private Calendar. was referred the bill of the Honse (H. R. 6919) granting an increase He also, from tho same committee, to which was referred the ef pension to John Blanchard, reported the same with amend­ bill of the Senate (S. 2994) granting an increase of pension to ment, accompanied by a report (No. 1035); which said bill and Fanny F. Robertson, reported the same without amendment, ac­ report were referred to the Private Calendar. companied by a report (No. 1038); which said bill and report Mr. CALDERHEAD, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, we1:e referred to the Private Calendar. to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 8829) granting Mr. SAMUEL W. SMITH, from the Committee on Invalid an increase of pension to John P. Pepper, reported the same with Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 7145) amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1056); which said bill granting a pension to Mrs. Catharine Slayton, reported the same and report were referred to the Private Calendar. with amendment, accompanied by a report (No.1039); which said By Mr. GASTON, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 4456) for the relief He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the of Alice A. Hartz, helpless child of John Hartz, late a private in bill of the House (H. R. 4241) granting-a pension to Alverdie Company K, Thirty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, re­ Rush, reported the same with amendment, acccnnpanied by a re­ ported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. pott (No. 1040); which said bill and report were referred to the 1057); which said bill and report were referrell to the Private Pnvate Calendar. Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the bill of the Honse (H. R. 8217) granting a pension to Josephine B. bill of the House (H. R. 10:112) granting a pension to George B. Wood, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a re­ Abbott, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a port (No. 1041); which said bill and report were referred to the report (No. 1058); which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Private Calendar. Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. MIERS of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen­ which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 1909) granting an sions, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2154) grant­ increase of pension to Cecilia A. Price, reported the same without ing an increase of pension to William A. Owens, reported the amendment, accompanied by a. report (No. 1042); which said bill same without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1039); and report were referred to the Private Calendar. which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the bill He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the of the Senate (S. 3206) granting an increase ot pension to Moses bill of the Senate (S. 1601) granting an increase of pension to John King, jr., reported the same without amendment, accompanied Thornton, reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1043); which said bill and report were referred by a report (No. 1060); which said bill and report were referred to th9 Private Calendar. to the Private Calendar. Mr. HEDGE, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the was referred the bill of the Bouse (El. R. 5330) granting a pen­ bill of the Senate (S. 1578) granting an increase of pension to sion to Uri S. Keith, reported the same with amendment, accom­ George W. Campbell, alias George W. Smith, reported the same panied by a report (No. 1044); which said bill and report were without amendment. nccompanied by a report (No. 1061); which referred to the Private Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. DRIGGS, from the Committee on Inva1id Pensions, to Mr. GASTON, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which wbich was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 6829) granting an was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3033) granting an increase increase of pension to John K. Crosby, reported the same with of pension to William J. Wallace, reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1045); which said bill amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1062); which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. and report were referred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the He aJso, from the same committee, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 5549) granting an increase of pension to bill of the Senate (S. 1030) granting a pension to Catharine Har­ David H. Ingerson, of Providence, R. I., reported the same with ris, reported the same without amendment, accompanied by ~ amonclment, accompanied by a report (No. 1046); which said bill report (No. 1063); which said bill and report were referred to the and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Private Calendar. Mr. COCHRANE of New York, from the Committee on Invalid He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the Honse (H. R. 8044) bill of the Senate (S. 1803) granting an increase of pension to granting an increase of pension to J runes M. Barrett, reported the Richard L. Titsworth, reported the same without amendment, 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4351 accompanied 1>y a report (No. 1064); which said bill and report timate of cost of improving a waterway in the State ol North wero referred to the Private Calendar. Carolina, with a view of obtaining a navigable depth of 10 feet at He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the mean low water through Carrot Island Slough-to the Committee bill of the Senate (S. 3502) granting a pension to Elisabeth Whis­ on Rivers and Harbors. ler, reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a B1 Mr. I:lAWLEY: A bill (H. R. 10783) to create the southern report (No.10G5); which said bill and report were referred to the judicial district of the State of Texas, and to fix the time and Private Calendar. places of holding court therein-to the Committee on the Judiciary. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the By Mr. DAVIDSON: A bill (H . .R. 10300) to amend an act enti­ bill of the Senate (S. 1029) granting a pension to Henry B. Lambe, tled "An act to provide ways and means to meet war expendi­ reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a report tures, and for other pm·poses ''-to the Committee on Ways and (No. 10G6); which said bill and report were referred to the Pri­ Mean'S. vate Calendai·. Also, a bill (H. R. 10801) to amend an act entitled "An act to Mr. CALDERHEAD, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, provide ways and means to meet war expenditures, and for other to wh:ch was referrnd the bill of the Senate (S. 1549) granting an purposes "-to the Committee on Ways and Means. increase of pension to Isaiah Mitchell, reported the same without By Mr. WANGER, from the Committee on Interstate and amPI1dment, accompanied by a report (No. 1067); which said bill F01·eign Commerce: A bill (H. R. 1080 '.3) to fix the compensation and report were referred to the Private Calendar. of surfmen employed in the Life-Saving Service of the United He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the States-to the Union Calendar. bill cf the Senate (S. 477) granting a pension to Levi C. Faught, By l\Ir. GLYNN: A resolution (H. Res. 228) relative to trans­ i·eported the same without amendment, accompanied by a report p9rts chartered by the Navy Department-to the Committee on (No. 1068); which said bill and report were referred to the Private Naval Affairs. Calendar. By Mr. TAWNEY: A resolution (H. Res. 229) relative to ma­ He alEO, from the same committee, to which was referred the terial used in the manufacture of oleomargarine-to the Commit­ bill of the Senate (S.1954) granting a pension toEdwardL.Ruby, tee on Ways and Means. reported the ~ame without amendment, accompanied by a. report (No. 1069); which said bill and report were referred to tl10 Private PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private 'tlills and resolutions of bill of the Senate {S. 3630) granting an increase of pension to Jacob the following titles were introduced and severally referred as N. Smith, reported the same without amendment, accompanied follows: · by a report (No.107Cl); which said bill and reportwerereferred to By Mr. BULL (by request): A bill (H. R. 10784) g.ranting an the Private Calendar. increase of pension to Oliva J. Baker-to the Committee on In- He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the valid Pensions. bHl of the Senate (S. 2290) granting a pension to James Richard- By Mr. CALDWELL: A bill (H. R. 10785) granting a pension son, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report to Thomas Whit.e-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. (No. 1071); which said bill and report were referred to the Private By Mr. CLARK of Missouri: A bill (H. R. 10786) for the relief Calendar. of the trustees of the Regular Baptist Church, at Mexico, Mo.-to Mr. MIERS of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen- the Committee on War Claims. sions, to which was refen·ed the bill of the Senate (S.1833) grant- By Mr. CUSHMAN: A bill (H. R. 10787) granting an increase ing a pension to Mary B. Christopher, reported the same without of pension to John G. P. Eberhart-to the Committee on Invalid amendment, JLCCompanied by a. report (No. 1072); which said bill Pensions. and report were referred to the Plivate Calendar. By M:r. DAVIS: A bill (H. R. 1~788) for the relief of James M. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Al:den, secretary to t~e late Admiral' of the Navy-to the Com- bill of the Senate (S. 657) granting a pension to Matthew Red- m1ttee {)n Naval Affairs. . . . mond, reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a. I By Mr. G~AHAM: A bill (H: R. 10789) gr~ntmg !'- pension to report (No. 1073); which said bill and report were referred to the James A. C11fton-to t~e Comm1tt~e on Invalid Pe,ns10ns. Private Calendar. By l\Ir. LONG: A bill (H. R. 10190) for the relief of John H. He also from the same committee to which was referred the Ball-to the Committee on Claims. bill of the Senate (8. 649) granting an ilicrease of pension to Martha Also, a bill (H. R. 10791) granting a~ incre3;8e of pension to Maddocks, reported the same without amendment, accompanied Enos Pearce-to the Commi~ee on Im·aiid Pens~ons. • by a report (No. 1074); which.said bill and report were referred . By Mr. NEEDHAM: A biU,(H. ~- 10192) to i~crease the pen- to the Private Calendar. sion of John T. Knox-to the Com1mttee on Pensions. He also. from the same committee, to which was referred the By .Mr. SNOpGRASS: A bill (H. R. 10793) to grant a pensi?n bill of the Senate (S. 1603) granting an increase of pension to John to Abner N~rns, of. Cumberland County, Tenn.-to the Commit- W. Ka ump, r~p.::;rted the same without amendment, accompanied tee on Inv~hd Pension~. . . by a report (No'. 1075); which said bill and report were referred Also, a bill (H. R._ 10194) for rehef of the he1!s of RobertHall~m, to the Private Calendar. deceased, of Nashville, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Cla1ms. Mr. DRIGGS fromtheCommitteeoninvalidPensions towhich By Mr. SPIGHT (by request): A bill (H. R.10795) to increase was referred th~ bill of the Senate (S. 2463) granting a~ increase the pensio~ of John Chestnut, late a priva_te in Company D, ~f­ of pension to Ellen Leddy, reported the same without amend- teenth Reg1i;nentN~wYorkVolunteer Engmeers-to the Commit- ment, accompanied by a report (No. 1076); which said bill and tee on Invahd Peus10ns. . . repoi·t were referred to the P1·ivat.e Calendar. By l\!r. TAWNEY: A bill (H. R." 10796) for the relief of the widow of Lemuel J. Draper, late assistant surgeon, United States Navy-to the Committee on Na.val Affairs. CHANGE OF REFERENCE. By Mr. VREELAND: A bill (H. R. 10797) granting a pension to Catharine Kelly-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, the Committee on Claims was dis­ By Mr. WATERS: A bill (H. R. 10798) authorizing the re­ charged from the consideration of the bill (H. R. 2134) for the re­ moval of the remains of Stephen Stuart White, an afor the relief of lief of P.R. Albert and I. Noa, of Chattanooga, Tenn., and the the party or parties who have paid the expenses heretofore neces­ same was referred to the Committee on War Claims. sarily incurred in the preparation and transportation of said re­ mains-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS By Mr. GROUT: A bill (H. R. 10799) granting a pension to J, INTRODUCED. 0. Lambert-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials By Mr. WHEEJ__.ER of Kentucky: A bill (H. R. 10302) for the of the following titles were introduced and severally referred as benefit of Mrs. E. E. O'Hara-to the Committee on War Claims. follows: By Mr. DAVIS: A bill (H. R. 10780) to provide for sittings of ~ETITIONS, ETC. th9 circuit and district courts of the southern district of Florida Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers in the city of Ocala, in said district-to the Committee on the Ju­ were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: diciary. By Mr. BABCOCK: Petition of A. D. Thornburg Post, No.174, By Mr. DE ARMOND: A bill (H. R. 10781) to provide for se­ of Limeridge, Wis., Grand Army of the Republic, in favor of a curing interest upon deposits of funds belonging to the United bill locating a Branch Soldiers' Home"near Johnson City, Tenn.­ States, and to prevent favoritism in the selection of depositories, to the Committee on Military Affairs. and for other purposes-to the Committee on Banking and Cur­ By Mr. BELL: Petitions of Grand Army of the Republic posts rency. of Victor, Rocky Ford, and Montrose, Department of Colorado, By Mr. SMALL: A bill (H. R. 10782) authorizing and directing favoring the passage of a bill to establish a Branch Soldiers' Home the Secretary of War to make a preliminary examination and es- near Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Committee-on Military Affairs.

• 4352 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 17,

Also, petition of Burke Potter, of Peyton, Colo., favoring the reference to the civil service and appointments, as -reported with passage of the Grout oleomargarine bill-to the Committee on an amendment-to the Committee on Reform in the Civil Service. Agriculture. By Mr. FLETCHER: Resolution of D. P. Chase Post. Grand Also, petitions of E. A. Strange, of La Veta, and Mrs. C. N. Army of the Republic, of Minneapolis, Minn., urging the passage Churchill, of Delta, Colo., against the ceding and leasing of pub­ of certain bills for the erection of monuments to regular soldiers lic lands-to the Committee on the Public Lands. who fought at Gettysburg during the war of the rebellion-to the Also, petition of Miners' Union, No. 33, of Leadv:llle, Colo., and Committee on Military Affairs. Pueblo Trades and Labor Assembly, Colorado, against the annexa­ Also, petition of citizens of Minneapolis, Minn., to prohibit the tion of the Philippines, etc.-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. selling of liquors in any post exchange, transport, or premises Also, petition of Gen. Irving Hale, of Denver, Colo., favpring used for military purposes-to the Committee on Military Affairs. improvements in the medical staff of the United States Army-to By Mr. GRAHAM: Petition of the Pattern Makers' Association the Committee on Military Affairs. of Pittsburg and vicinity, State of Pennsylvania, for the building Also, petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance unions of of one or more new war ships in Government navy-yards-to the Grand Junction and Boulder, Colo., and Mrs. J. J. Johnston and Committee on Naval Affairs. · Woman's Club of Grand Junction, Colo., urging the enactment Also, petition of the Civil War Veterans' Association, Customs of the anti-canteen bill-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Service, Port of New York, asking favorable action on Senate bill Also, petition of A. A. Parker, of Colorado Springs, Colo., against No. 283 as amended, giving preference in appointments to honor­ the passage of the Loud bill relating to second-class mail matter­ ably discharged soldiers, sailors, and marines who served in the to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. civil war and in the Spanish and Philippine wars-to the Com­ Also, petition of Carpenters' Union, No. 55, of Denver, Colo., mittee on Reform in the Civil Service. protesting against the passage of the Mondell desert-land bill and By Mr. HAMILTON: Petition of Harlan Briggs Post,No. 80, of favoring an appropriation for irrigation surveys-to the CQmmittee Hopkins Station, and William Perrott Post, No. 22, of Buchanan, on the Public Lands. Mich., Grand Army of the Republic, in favor of House bill No. By Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois: Petitions of Lyon Post, No. 9, 7094, to establish a Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, and U.S. Grant Post, No. 28, Department of Illinois, Grand Army Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. of the Republic, in favor of House bill No. 7094, to establish a Also, petition of citizens of Marcellus, Mich., in favor of the Branch Soldiers' Home-at Johnson City, Tenn.-totheCommittee Grout bill to increase the tax on oleomargarine-to the Committee on Military Affairs. on Agricultm:e. By Mr. BURLEIGH: Petition of D. M. Bunker and others, of Mercer, Me.,in favor of the Grout bill increasing the tax on oleo­ By Mr. HENRY C. SMITH: Petitions of Grand Army of the margarine_:_to the Committee on Agriculture. Republic posts of Palmyra, Saline, Napoleon, Jackson. and Com­ stock, Department of Michigan, in favor of House bill No. 7094, to By Mr. BURLESON: Petition of Company~, Fourth Regiment Texas Volunteer Guards, of Nocona, Tex., in favor of the passage establish a Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, Tenn.-to the of House bill No. 7936, increasing the appropriation for the State Committee on Military Affairs. militia-to the Committee on Militia. Also, petition of F. W. Green and others, of Ypsilanti, Mich., By Mr. BUTLER: Petition of Harvey & Kennedy and others, for the repeal of the tax on medicines, perfumery, and cosmetics­ of Russellville, Pa.; W. W. Mast and others, of Coatesville, Pa., to the Committee on Ways and Means. to amend thepresent law in relation to thesaleof oleomargarine­ By Mr. HITT: Papers to accompany House bill No. 8415, to in­ to the Committee on Agriculture. crease the pension of Jesse F. Gates-to the Committee on Invalid By Mr. CLARK of Missouri: Petition of Fred Rother Post, No. Pensions. 420, of Montgomery City, Mo., Grand Army of the Republic, in Also, papers to accompany Rouse bill No. 10694, increasing the favor of the establishment of a Branch Soldiers' Home near John­ pension of Katherine J. Gilman-to the Committee on Pensions. son City, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. HOFFECKER: Petition of Hockessin Grange, No. 4, By Mr. CLARKE of New Hampshire: Petition of the Woman's Patrons of Husbandry, Newcastle County, Del., relating to an Christian Temperance Union of East Rochester, N. H., for the act to regulate commerce, and suggesting amendments to the passage of a bill giving prohibition to our new possessions, and same-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. favoring the anti-canteen law-to the Committee on the Territo­ By Mr. HOPKINS: Petition of citizens of DeKalb, Ill., to amend ries. the present law in relation to the sale of oleomargarine-to the By Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin: Petition of Ben Davis Post, No. Committee on Agriculture. • 264, Department of Wisconsin, Grand Army of the Republic, in By Mr. KAHN: Petition of confectioners of San Franc1sco, Cal., favor of the establishment of a Branch Soldiers' Home near John­ favoring the passage of the Brosias pure-food bill-to the Com­ son City, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. mittee on Agriculture. Also, petition of Ben Davis Post, No:~64, of Oakley, Wis., fa­ By Mr. MERCER: Resolutions of Omaha (Nebr.) Commercial voring the passage of Senate bill No. 283, in regard to preference Club, in relation to the reclamation·and settlement of arid lands­ of honorably discharged soldiers and sailors in Government em­ to the Committee on Appropriations. ploy-to the Committee on Reform in the Civil Service. Also, resolutions of Custer Post, No. 7, Grand Army of the Re­ Also, memorial of the United States Brewers' Association, of public, of Omaha, Nebr., in regard to pension legislation-to the New York, askin~ for the repeal of the war tax on ~alt liquors­ Committee on Invalid Pensiollil. to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also, letter of W. C. Bonk, of Omaha, Nebr., in favor of House Also, petition of druggi!ts of Lake Geneva, Wis., for the repeal bill No. 1051, relating to grading of substituts letter carriers-to of the tax on medicines, pe~umery, and cosmetics-to the Com­ the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. mittee on Ways and Means. By Mr. NBEDHAM: Petition of GrantPost, No. 9, Department Also, petitions of citizens of Wheatland, Bloomfield, Troy, and of California, Grand Army of the Republic, in fo.vor of the estab­ others, of Rock County, Wis., in favor of the bill to increase the lishment of a Branch Soldiers' Home near Johnson City, TEnn.­ tax on oleomargarine-to the Committee on Agriculture. to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. CROMER: Petition of druggists of Winchester, Ind., for By Mr. RAY of New York: Petition of Nichols Post, of Tioga the repeal of the tax on medicines, perfumery, and cosmetics-to County, and Beecher Post, of Bainbridge, Grand Army of the Re­ the Committee on Ways and Meallil. public, Department of New York, favoring the establishment of a By Mr. CUMMINGS: Petition of W. S. Hancock Post, No. 259, Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Committee Department of New York, Grand Army of the Republic, in favor on Military Affairs. of a bill locating a Branch Soldiers' Home near Johnson City, Also, petition of Smithville Center (N. Y.) Grange, No. 512, in Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. favor of Senate bill No. 1439, relating to an act to regulate com­ By Mr. DAHLE of Wisconsin: Petition of Frank Lee and 4 merce-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign·Commerce. others, of Evansville, Wis., in favor of the Grout oleomargarine Also, petitions of Smithville Center (N. Y.) Grange and citizens bill-to the Committee on Agriculture. of Delaware County, N. Y., to amend the present law in relation By Mr. DENNY: Petition of the Woman's Christian Temper­ to the sale of oleomargarine-to the Committee on Agriculture. ance Union of Fords Store, Md., favoring the enactment of a By Mr. ROBERTSON of Louisiana: Papers relating to the claim clause in the Hawaiian constitution forbidding the manufacture of Mary Martha Roberts-to the Committee on War Claims. and sale of intoxicating liquors and a prohibition of gambling and By Mr. SHAFROTH: Resolutions of Fort Colli.ns Sheep Feed­ the opium trade-to the Committee on the Territories. ers' Association, of Fort Collins, Colo., in favor of Senate bill No. By Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts: Petition of the Cen­ 1439, relating to an act to regulate commerce-to the Committee. tral Labor Council of Cincinnati, Ohio, against the passage of the on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Grout bill to increase the tax on oleomargarine, etc.-to the Com­ Also, petitions of Guy B. Fleming and others, of Highland.lake_ mittee on Agriculture. Colo., favoring the passage of House bill No. 5457, known us the Also, resolution of the Civil War Veterans' Association, Cus­ Spalding bill-to the Committee on Military Affairs. toms Service, Port of New York, favoring Senate bill No. 283, in By Mr. TERRY: Petition of C. J. Derrick and other citiz(}ns ol

• 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 4353

Pulaski County, .Ark., against the Loud bill-to the Committee on A bill (S. 645) granting an increase of pension to David Hunter; the Post-Office and Post-Roads. A bill (S. 677) grantinl? an increase of pension to Jerusha W. By Mr. VREELAND: Petitions of Grand.Army of the Republic Sturgii:1; posts of Mayville and Jamestown, N. Y ., in favor of Honse bill No. A bill (S. 819) granting an increase of pension to Benjamin F. 7094, to establish a Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, Tenn.­ Bourne; to the Committee on Military Affairs. A bill (S. 833) granting an increase of pension to Harry At­ Also, petition of citizens of Stockton, N. Y., in favor of the kinson; Grout bill increasing the tax on oleomargarine-to the Commit- A bill (S. 994) granting an increase of pension to Casper tee on .Agriculture. • Miller, jr.; By Mr. W .ANGER: Petition of citizens of Bucks County, Pa., A bill (S. 1194) granting an increase of pension to John B. in favor of the Grout bill increasing the tax on oleomargarine­ Ritzman; to the Committee on Agriculture. A bill (S. 1228) granting an increase of pension to Thomas Jor­ By Mr. WEEKS: Petition of citizens of Marine City, Mich., dan· favoring the Grout bill relating to dairy products, etc.-to the A'bill (S. 1250) granting a pension to Hattie E. Redfield; Committee on .Agriculture. A bill (S. 1251) granting an increase of pension to Celia A. Jef­ By Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky: Papers to accompany House fers; bill for the relief of E. E. O'Hara-to the Committee on War Claims. A bill (S. 1255) granting an increase of pension to James M. By Mr. WILSON of Arizona: Resolution of Omaha Commer­ Simeral; cial Club, urging construction of irrigation wo1·ks by the Gov­ A bill (S. 1264) granting an increase of pension to Jam es A. ernment-to the Committee on Irrigation of Arid Lands. Southard; By Mr. WILSON of New York: Resolutions of the Civil War .A bill (S. 1265) granting a pension to Elender Herring; Veterans' Association, Custom Service, PortofNewYork, infavor .A bill (S. 1268) granting a pension to Sarah R. Burrell; of giving preference in appointments to soldiers of civil and A bill (S.1298) granting an increase of pension to Oscar Taylor; Spanish-American wars-to the Committee on Reform in the A bill (S. 1309) granting an increase of .pension to Herman Civil Service. Piel; Also, resolutions of the Omaha (Nebr.) Commercial Club, favor­ A bill (S. 1331) granting an increase of pension to Ellen C. Ab­ ing provision for irrigation, surveys, etc.-to the Committee on bott; Irrigatfon of Arid Lands. A bill (S. 1419) granting an increase of pension to Annie B. Goodrich; / A bill (S. 1721) granting an increase of pension to Amos H. SENATE. Goodnow; · A bill (S. 1729) granting an increase of pension to Oliver J,

WEDNESDAY, April 181 1900. Lyon; A bill (S. 1769) granting an increase of pension to Henry Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. Frank; The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro· A bill (S. 1960) granting an increase of pension to Eli J. Marsh; ceedings, when, on motion of Mr. CHANDLER, and by unanimous A bill (S. 2167) granting an increase of pension to Franklin C. consent, the further reading was dispensed with. Plantz; The PRESIDENT protempore. Without objection, theJournal A bill (S. 2209) granting an increase of pension to Frederick will stand approved. Higgins; AGREEM&.~TS WITH FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES. A bill (S. 2220) granting an increase of pension to Eudora S. Kelley; The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com­ .A bill (S. 2336) repealing section 4716 of the Revised Statutes so munication from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting an far as the same may be applicable to the claims of dependent par­ agreement negotiated between the Commission to the Five Civ­ ents of soldiers, sailors, and marines who served in the Army and ilized Tiibes and the Muskogee or Creek tiibe of Indians, dated Navy of the United States during the war with Spain; March 8, 1900, together with a letter from the acting chairman of A bill (S. 2351) granting an iILcrease of pension to Joseph W. the Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes and a letter from the Skelton; attorneys of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway Company A bill (S. 2375) granting a pension to Mary A. Russell; and other like companies, etc.; which, with the accompanying A bill (S. 2622) granting a pension to Maria A. Thompson; papers, was referred to the Select Committee on the Five C'ivi­ A bill (S. 2636) granting an increase of pension to Mary E. Law; lized Tribes, and ordered to be printed. A bill (S. 27 42) restoring to the pension roll the name of Annie He also laid before the Senate a communication from the Sec­ .A. Gibson; retary of the Interior, transmitting an agreement between the A bill (S. 3017) granting an increase of pension to Julia M. Edie; Commission for the Five Civilized Tribes and the Cherokee tribe A joint resolution (S. R. 34) authorizing the printing of 35,000 of Indians, etc., and recommending the adoption of certain amend­ copies of Bulletin No. 24, Department of Agriculture, entitled ments to sections 10 and 11 of the agreement; which, with the ''A Primer of Forestry," for the use of Congress and the Depart­ accompanying papers, was referred to the Select Committee on ment of Agiiculture; and the Five Civilized Tribes, and ordered to be printed. A joint resolution (S. R. 108) providing for the printing of the 1\IESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. report of the governor of Arizona for 189:J. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. H. L. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. OVERSTREET, one of its clerks, announced that the House had passed a joint resolution (H. J. Res. 235) authorizing the exhibit Mr. LODGE presented a memorial of the publishers of True of Government relics at the New York Printing Exposition, from Light, of Holyoke, Mass., and a memorial of the publishers of May 2 to June 2, 1900; in which it requested the concurrence of Modern Art, of Boston, Mass., remonstrating against the passage of the ~o-called Loud bill, relating to second-class mail matter; the Senate. which were referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post­ ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. Roads. The message also announced that the Speaker of the Honse had He also presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Temper­ signed the following enrolled bills and joint resolutions; and they ance Union of Brookfield, Mass., praying for the enactment of were thereupon signed by the President pro tempore: legislation to prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquors in Army A bill (S. li2) granting an increase of pension to Robert Black; canteens, etc.; which was referred to the Committee on Military A bill (S. 208) granting an increase of pension to Josephine I. Affairs. Offley; He also presented a petition of the Hall & Lyon Company, of A bill (S. 209) granting an increase of pension to Cornelia De Waltham and Worcester, in the State of Massachusetts, and Prov­ Pe:vster Black; idence, R. I., praying for the repeal of the stamp tax upon propri­ A bill (S. 239) granting an increase of pension to Rhoda A. etary medicines, perfumeries, and cosmetics; which was referred Foster; to the Committee on Finance. A bill (S. 241) granting a pension to Patrick Layhee; He also presented a petition of the Department of Massachu­ A bill (S. 261) granting an increase of pension to Lizzie H. setts, Grand Army of the Republic, praying that the 12th day of Hyndman; February of each year be set apart upon which to celebrate the A bill (S. 320) granting an increase of pension to Allen Buckner; birth of Abraham Lincoln, and that it be made a national holiday; A bill (S. 346) granting an increase of pension to Mrs. Arthusea which was referred to the Committee on the Library. Wright; He also presented the memorial of Rev. Edward Everett Hale A bill (S. 531) granting a. pension to Henrietta G"'ummins; and 12 other citizens of Massachusetts, remonstrating against the

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