DOCSLIB.ORG

Comedogenicity and Irritancy of Commonly Used Ingredients

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comedogenicity and Irritancy of Commonly Used Ingredients j. Soc.Cosmet. Chem., 40, 321-333 (November/December1989) Comedogenicityand irritancy of commonlyused ingredients in skin care products JAMESE. FULTON, JR., AcneResearch Institute, 1236 Somerset, NewportBeach, CA 92660. ReceivedSeptember 3, 1989. Presentedat the Southern California Section, CaliforniaChapter, Society of CosmeticChemists, Spring 1989. Synopsis A survey,using the rabbitear, of the comedogenicityand irritancyof severalgroups of skin careproducts indicatesthat manycontain follicular and surfaceepithelial irritating ingredients. These ingredients fall into severalchemical classes. Certain generalizations can be deducedby examiningthe results:(1) me- dium-chain-lengthfatty acidsare more potent than short- or long-chainfatty acidsin producingfollicular keratosis,(2) the comedogenicityand irritancyof an organicmaterial can be reducedby combiningthe moleculewith a polarsugar or a heavymetal, (3) increasingthe degreeof ethoxylationin a moleculetends to reducethe comedogenicityand irritancyof the chemical,and (4) the longerchain lipids, i.e., waxes, appeartoo large to producea reaction.By followingthe guidelinesdeveloped in thisstudy, it is possibleto formulatenonirritating, noncomedogenicmoisturizers, sunscreens, hair pomades,cosmetics, and condi- tioners. INTRODUCTION The possibilityof comedogenicityand irritancyof facialskin careproducts has been well documented(1- 3). Becauseof this work and an increasingpublic awareness, facial productsthat are lesscomedogenic are now becomingavailable (4). However, other skin careproducts such as hair conditioners,hair pomades,moisturizers, sunscreens, and evenacne treatment products may be a sourceof cosmeticacne. By taking these productsapart, testing their ingredients,and putting them back together and retesting them, an extensiveingredient listing hasbeen created. By studyingthis list, the cos- metic chemistcan begin to be selectivein developingformulas for lessirritating and lesscomedogenic products. The rabbit ear assayhas been used since the mid-1950sas a methodof measuring follicularkeratinization by externallyapplied compounds (5). The advantageof this rapidscreening tool is that it takesonly two weeksto developfollicular impactions in the rabbitear, whileit maytake six months to developsimilar reactions on humanskin. The disadvantageof the modelis its extremesensitivity. The fragile,protected epithe- lium of the inner ear is extremelysensitive. Not everythingthat irritatesthis model will alsoirritate humanskin. However,this extensivescreening of cosmeticformula- 321 322 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS tionsand their ingredientswould not havebeen possible without the useof this animal model.We havenow extended the modelto includean indexof surfaceskin irritancy as well as of follicularhyperkeratosis. METHODS Ingredientsare mixed in propyleneglycol at a 9 to 1 dilution for testingunless other- wise indicated(10% concentration).A colonyof New Zealandalbino rabbits that has geneticallygood ears and is free from mitesis used.Three rabbits,weighing two to threekilograms, are usedfor eachassay. Animals are housed singly in suspendedcages and fed Purina Rabbit Chow and water ad libitum. Animals are maintained on a 12-hour light and 12-hourdark cycle.A doseof 1 ml of the testmaterial is appliedand spread oncedaily to the entireinner surfaceof oneear five daysper weekfor two weeks.The oppositeuntreated ear of eachanimal serves as an untreatedcontrol. Follicular keratosis is judged both macroscopically(visually) and microscopicallywith a micrometerto measurethe width of the follicularkeratosis. The macroscopicresponse is determined by averagingthe measurementsof the width of six folliclesusing a Mitutoyo Dial Micrometer(#536-724). A similarmicroscopic micrometer measurement is obtained by averagingthe width of six folliclesunder a magnificationof 430 x after a 6-ram biopsyspecimen is fixed in formalin,sectioned at six microns,and stainedwith hema- toxylin-eosin.The resultsare then combinedon a scaleof one to five: Micrometerreading Grade 0.009 in or less 0 No significantincrease in follicularkeratosis 0.010 in-.014 in 1 0.015 in-.019 in 2 A moderate increase in follicular keratosis 0.020 in-.025 in 3 0.025 in-.029 in 4 An extensive increasein follicular keratosis 0.030 in or more 5 Grade5 is the presenceof largecomedones throughout the ear, similarto thoseinduced by the applicationof our standard"positive" testing agent, isopropylmyristate. As reportedin our previousstudies, a minimal gradeof 0 to 1 is not consideredsignificant. Grade2 to 3 is borderline.However, a gradeof 4 to 5 is uniformallyreproduceable and consideredpositive. The irritancyproduced by the repeatedapplication of a chemicalor skincare product on the surfaceepidermis in the rabbit ear is alsoevaluated on a similar scaleof 0 to 5. The gradesare summarizedas follows: 0 No irritation 1 Few scales,no erythema 2 Diffusescaling, no erythema 3 Generalizedscaling with erythema 4 Scaling,erythema, and edema 5 Epidermalnecrosis and slough To studythe effectsof differentvehicles on comedogenicityand irritancy,several fatty acidsand the D&C red pigment#36 are reexaminedin differentsolvents. The fatty COMEDOGENICITY 323 acids are dissolved in either a volatile solvent or sunflower oil. The D&C red #36 pigmentis testedin mineraloil, propyleneglycol, polyethylene glycol 400, andpen- taerythritaltetra capra/caprylate. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Cosmeticacne was first reportedby Frenchdermatologists in the mid-forties.They reportedon brilliantinesand hair pomadescausing flareups on the templeand forehead facial regions.They attributed the problemsto impuritiesin the brilliantines(6). In 1970, Kligman requestedthat Gerd Piewig and I examineover 700 men to find some with normal facial skin. Much to our chagrin, the majority had cosmeticacne (7). About 70% showedsome evidence of follicularkeratoses on the foreheadand temples. Occasionallythe eruptionswere noted on the cheeksdown to the jawline area. The lesionswere usually noninflammatory, closed comedones. A few lesionsdeveloped into small inflammatorypapules. However, there were no casesof severe,cystic inflamma- tory acne. Histologically, the comedonesfrom pomadeacne caseswere identical to biopsiestaken from comedonesof classicacne vulgaris patients. In surveyingthe hair carepreparations, we felt that the actualingredients and not tracecontaminants were offenders.Interestingly, very few of the subjectsattributed their folliculareruptions to their daily useof a hair pomade.This studystimulated us to examineother skin care productsand ingredients. In 1972 Kligman and Mills reportedon acnecosmetica in their surveyat the Acne Clinic at the Universityof Pennsylvania(1). Approximatelyone third of the adult womenhad a low-grade,persistent acne in the cheekarea, consistingof closedcomedones quite similar to thosefound in pomadeacne. This appearedmore frequently in womenafter agetwenty and may explainone of the reasonsfor epidemicadult acnein womenin the 1970sand 1980s.In 1976 and 1984, Fultonpublished results on actualcosmetic lines and on ingredients,and proposedthe developmentof noncomedogeniccosmetics using ingredientsthat werenonoffenders in the rabbitear assay (2,3). Severalmajor cosmetic manufacturershave now producedthese types of products.However, our screening indicatesthat work is still neededon many skin careformulations. It becameapparent during our researchinto potentialnoncomedogenic ingredients that severalhypotheses could be developed: (1) In orderfor an ingredientto be comedogenic, it must penetrateinto the follicle, and (2) once in the follicle, the chemicalmust producethe follicularreaction of "retentionhyperkeratosis" (8). In addition, the overall penetratibilityof the moleculemay be relatedto (1) the water/oilpartition coefficient of the compound(HLB balance)and (2) the relativemolecular weight of the ingredient. The ingredientappears to havethe mostpotential if it is fairly solublein bothwater and oil (HLB around 10 to 12) and hasa rangeof molecularweight between200 and 300. The comedogenicityof an ingredientmay be reducedby addinga large constituent (i.e., polymersof PEGs), by addinga chargedmolecule (i.e., sugars),or by addinga heavymetal (i.e., zinc or lithium). This often relatesto raisingthe HLB balanceto above 12. Examplesof this conceptof water/lipidsolubility and molecularweights are apparent in eachclass of chemicalsexamined (Table I). Amongthe lanolins,the classicanhydrous lanolinsare not as comedogenicas the moderatelyethoxylated derivatives (laneth 10). 324 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETICCHEMISTS Table I Ingredientsand Their Comedogenicityand Irritancy Grade (0- 5) Grade (0- 5) Ingredient Comedo.? Irrit. ½ Ingredient Comedo.? Irrit.½ I. Lanolins and derivatives Myristylalcohol 2 4 Acetylatedlanolin 0 0 Cetyl alcohol 2 2 Acetylatedlanolin alcohol 4 2 Isocetylalcohol 4 4 Anhydrouslanolin 0-1' 0 Cetearylalcohol 2 1 Lanolin alcohol 0-2* 0 Oleyl alcohol 4 2 Lanolin oil 0-1' 0 Stearylalcohol 2 2 PEG 16 lanolin (Solulan 16) 4 3 Cetearylalcohol q- PEG 75 lanolin 0 0 ceteareth 20 4 Laneth- 10 2 1 Ceteareth-20 2 3 PPG 12 PEG 65 lanolin oil 2 0 Propyleneglycol 0 0 Butyleneglycol 1 0 II. Fatty acidsand their derivatives Hexyleneglycol 0-2* 0- Caprylicacid 1 3 PG caprylate/caprate 2 2 Capricacid 2 2 Lauric acid 4 PG dicaprylate/caprate 1 0 PG dipelargonate 2 2 Myristic acid 3 0 PG laurate 0 3 Palmitic acid 2 0 PG monostearate 0- 3 0- Stearic acid 2 - 3' 0 Ethyleneglycol Eicosanoic acid 2 0 monostearate 0 0 Behenic acid 0 0 Glucoseglutamate 0 0 Ascorbylpalmitate
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Essential Wholesale & Labs Carrier Oils Chart
    Essential Wholesale & Labs Carrier Oils Chart This chart is based off of the virgin, unrefined versions of each carrier where applicable, depending on our website catalog. The information provided may vary depending on the carrier's source and processing and is meant for educational purposes only. Viscosity Absorbtion Comparible Subsitutions Carrier Oil/Butter Color (at room Odor Details/Attributes Rate (Based on Viscosity & Absorbotion Rate) temperature) Description: Stable vegetable butter with a neutral odor. High content of monounsaturated oleic acid and relatively high content of natural antioxidants. Offers good oxidative stability, excellent Almond Butter White to pale yellow Soft Solid Fat Neutral Odor Average cold weather stability, contains occlusive properties, and can act as a moistening agent. Aloe Butter, Illipe Butter Fatty Acid Compositon: Palmitic, Stearic, Oleic, and Linoleic Description: Made from Aloe Vera and Coconut Oil. Can be used as an emollient and contains antioxidant properties. It's high fluidiy gives it good spreadability, and it can quickly hydrate while Aloe Butter White Soft Semi-Solid Fat Neutral Odor Average being both cooling and soothing. Fatty Acid Almond Butter, Illipe Butter Compostion: Linoleic, Oleic, Palmitic, Stearic Description: Made from by combinging Aloe Vera Powder with quality soybean oil to create a Apricot Kernel Oil, Broccoli Seed Oil, Camellia Seed Oil, Evening Aloe Vera Oil Clear, off-white to yellow Free Flowing Liquid Oil Mild musky odor Fast soothing and nourishing carrier oil. Fatty Acid Primrose Oil, Grapeseed Oil, Meadowfoam Seed Oil, Safflower Compostion: Linoleic, Oleic, Palmitic, Stearic Oil, Strawberry Seed Oil Description: This oil is similar in weight to human sebum, making it extremely nouirshing to the skin.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 4,374,125 Newell 45) Feb
    United States Patent (19) 11 4,374,125 Newell 45) Feb. 15, 1983 (54) HAIRMOISTURIZING COMPOSITIONS 49-27643 7/1974 Japan ..................................... 424/70 51-20639 6/1976 Japan ..................................... 424/70 75) Inventor: Gerald P. Newell, Hanover Park, Ill. 76-04794 ll/1976 Netherlands ........................ 424/70 73 Assignee: Helene Curtis Industries, Inc., Chicago, Ill. OTHER PUBLICATIONS Drug & Cosmetic Industry, 84(4) at p. 440(t), (1960), (21) Appl. No.: 912,360 Thomsen. (22 Filed: Jun. 5, 1978 Amer. Perfumer and Cosmetics, 78(10), pp. 69-72, (51) Int. Cl......................... A61K 7/06; A61K 47/00 (1963), Burnett, Proteins in Cosmetics. 52 U.S. C. ...................................... 424/70; 424/359; Primary Examiner-Douglas W. Robinson 424/362; 424/365 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Dressler, Goldsmith, Shore, 58 Field of Search ................... 424/DIG. 2, 70, 362, Sutker & Milnamow, Ltd. 424/365, 359 57 ABSTRACT (56) References Cited An aqueous hair treatment composition for restoring U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS the proper moisture level in initially moisture deficient 3,235,457 2/1966 Laden .................................... 424/65 hair and maintaining the proper moisture level in hair 3,450,674 6/1969 Walles ..... ... 425/71 initially having a normal moisture content comprising 3,683,939 8/1972 Johnsen ... ... 424/70 from about 0.01 to about 1 weight percent of sodium-2- 3,822,312 7/1974 Sato et al. ............................. 424/70 pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate, from about 0.05 to about 5 3,948,943 4/1976 Eberhardt et al. ................... 424/65 weight percent of glycerin, and from about 0.05 to 4,076,800 2/1978 Marsh et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Jojoba Esters on Skin Barrier Function, Skin Hydration, and Consumer Preference
    Title Effect of Jojoba Esters on Skin Barrier Function, Skin Hydration, and Consumer Preference Author Tiffany N. Oliphant, M.S., C.C.R.C. and Robert A. Harper, Ph.D., Consultant Abstract Previous literature shows that jojoba oil and jojoba oil derivatives have multiple skin benefits associated with anti-inflammation, barrier function, and skin hydration. The current research explores the action of Jojoba Esters with different melting points on the improvement of barrier function after sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) insult, reduction of barrier disruption when applied prior to SLS insult, and on skin hydration as compared to known petrolatum-alternatives. In addition, a consumer preference study was carried out comparing Jojoba Esters with a known marketed petrolatum alternative ingredient. The data show that Jojoba Esters have the capability of reducing damage to the skin barrier, as measured by TEWL, in a dose dependent manner, and can accelerate the recovery of the SLS damaged skin barrier. The data also show that the Jojoba Esters, when added to a vehicle formula, produced statistically significant increases in skin hydration when compared to the vehicle and to the marketed petrolatum-alternative ingredients formulated in the same vehicle. Moreover, the formula containing the Jojoba Esters produced levels of skin hydration that were not statistically significantly different from 10% petrolatum formulated into the same vehicle. Additionally, the consumer preference study showed that the subjects preferred the Jojoba Esters formula over the petrolatum alternative ingredient formula with regard to skin moistness, suppleness, and smoothness/softness as well as stickiness and residue of the formulas immediately after application.
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Care Ingredients Brochure
    PERSONAL CARE INGREDIENTS A collection of high-performing esters, ethoxylates, metallic stearates and oleochemicals for use in beauty and personal care applications Hallstar has decades of experience with esterification, a chemistry process that is vital to successful beauty and personal care applications. Combined with expertise in other chemistries through acquisition and partnership, we provide a wide range of proven ingredients. Our strong formulation and production capabilities across product lines enable us to create compelling solutions to customers’ diverse product and technical needs. An ongoing process of invention and Hallstar is a longstanding member of innovation with associated testing the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm continually adds to our base of personal Oil (RSPO) and diligently supports its care chemistry knowledge and our growing principles, goals and efforts to promote library of ingredient performance data. Our sustainable sourcing of palm and palm strong manufacturing capabilities enable kernel oil in its supply chain. As consumer flexible production of both large and small demand for ethical, transparent supply custom volume batches. chains increases, we are committed to supply only RSPO mass balance palm- Hallstar’s broad spectrum of ingredients derived products. Hallstar’s RSPO efforts, is ideal for use in a wide array of toiletries in collaboration with our global suppliers, products such as antiperspirants, bath oils, aim to help maximize the positive impact deodorants, depilatories, hand washes, of palm oil cultivation on the perfumes, shower gels, soaps and shaving communities and environment in palm preparations. Our ingredients are also oil-producing regions. utilized in a diverse array of other leave-on and rinse-off skin care and hair ISO 16128 provides guidelines specific care products.
    [Show full text]
  • BELSIL® | Silicones for the Cosmetics Industry | Product Overview
    CREATING TOMORROW’S SOLUTIONS SPECIAL EFFECTS FOR BEAUTY CARE Wacker Chemie AG PERSONAL CARE | BELSIL® Hanns-Seidel-Platz 4 81737 Munich, Germany www.wacker.com/contact SIMPLY BEAUTIFUL: SPECIAL EFFECTS www.wacker.com/belsil Follow us on: FOR THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY The data presented in this brochure are in accordance with the present state of our knowledge but do not absolve the user from carefully checking all supplies immediately on receipt. We reserve the right to alter product constants within the scope of technical 6022e/08.21 supersedes 6022e/03.20 progress or new developments. The recommendations made in this brochure should be checked by preliminary trials because of conditions during processing over which we have no control, especially where other companies’ raw materials are also being used. The information provided by us does not absolve the user from the obligation of investigating the possibility of infringement of third parties’ rights and, if necessary, clarifying the position. Recommendations for use do not constitute a warranty, either express or implied, of the fi tness or suitability of the product for a particular purpose. HAIRCARE EFFECTS Shampoos 10 Conditioners 14 Styling 18 Selection Guide 22 SKINCARE EFFECTS Creams and Lotions 28 Sun-Care Products 32 Shaving Products 36 Selection Guide 40 MAKE-UP EFFECTS Foundations 46 Lips 50 Eyes 54 Nails 58 Selection Guide 62 1 2 SILICONES AS BEAUTY SPECIALISTS: TAKE THE EASY WAY Silicones are genuine beauty specialists. At all levels. They help with personal care, beautify skin and hair, and even make the cosmetic product itself more attractive. For example, they confer smoothness on creams and prevent stickiness in oils.
    [Show full text]
  • Barrier Repair Products
    16 Aesthetic Dermatology S KIN & ALLERGY N EWS • December 2008 C OSMECEUTICAL C RITIQUE Barrier Repair Products old atmospheric temperatures lead lipid precursors integrate into ceramide Other frequently used occlusive ingre- Moisturizers,” Baton Roca, Fla.:CRC to lower humidity. In such condi- biosynthetic pathways in the epidermis, dients include beeswax, dimethicone, Press, 2000, p. 217). The high-glycerin Ctions, water is more likely to evap- augmenting SC ceramide levels and thus grapeseed oil, lanolin, paraffin, propylene products were found to be superior to all orate from the skin, particularly in indi- ameliorating barrier integrity. glycol, soybean oil, and squalene (“Atlas of the other products tested because they viduals with an impaired skin barrier. Cosmetic Dermatology,” New York: rapidly restored dry skin to normal hy- With the arrival of winter, a discussion of Cholesterol Churchill Livingstone, 2000, p. 83). dration levels and helped prevent a return the importance of the skin barrier and Most cholesterol is synthesized from ac- Significantly, occlusives are effective only to dryness for a longer period than the oth- how to repair it is appropriate. Notably, etate in cells such as the keratinocytes, al- when they coat the skin; upon removal, er formulations, even those containing cosmeceutical barrier repair products have though basal cells can also absorb choles- TEWL returns to its previous level. Oc- petrolatum. Of note, glycerin is included an important role to play. terol from the circulation. Cholesterol clusives
    [Show full text]
  • Jojoba (Simmondsia Chinensis [Link], Schneider) (Merck) Solvent System: 1
    1286 Notizen Composition of Phospholipids in Seed Oil of refluxing for 2 h. TLC: TLC plates silica gel 60 Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis [Link], Schneider) (Merck) Solvent system: 1. benzene for separation of wax esters and phos­ Paul-Gerhard Gülz and Claudia Eich pholipids Botanisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Gyrhofstr. 15, 2. chloroform/methanol/water (70:30:4) or D-5000 Köln 41 3. chloroform/methanol/acetic acid (65:25:8) for Z. Naturforsch. 37 c, 1286 - 1287 (1982); separation and identification of the individual received July 21, 1982 phospholipids. Jojoba, Phospholipids, Seed Oil, Fatty Acid Composition GLC: Hewlett-Packard Model 5830 with FID and Phospholipids from Jojoba oil were isolated in amounts GC-Terminal 18 850 A; 12 m glass capillary column of 0.16%. The following phospholipids were identified: FFAP; split rate 1:8 N2; Temp.program: 140 °C - phosphatidylcholine 45%, phosphatidylethanolamine 38%, phosphatidylinositol 10% and phosphatidylglycerol 7%. The 220 °C; 4 °C/m in. fatty acid composition is similar in all individual phos­ pholipids. Palmitic acid and oleic acid are the dominating fatty acids. Results and Discussion Introduction In Jojoba seed oil phospholipids occur in amounts of 0.16%. The concentration of phospholipids in this Jojoba seeds consist of more than 50% of wax seed oil is low in contrast to most other oil plants esters [1—3]. The homologous series of isomeric wax with less than 2% of the total seed lipid [8, 9]. esters results from a combination of unsaturated Phospholipids (Rf 0.01) were isolated from wax fatty acids and alcohols containing double bonds esters (R{ 0.6) by TLC on plates of silica gel with exclusively in position co 9 of the alkane chains [4].
    [Show full text]
  • A Technical Glance on Some Cosmetic Oils
    European Scientific Journal June 2014 /SPECIAL/ edition vol.2 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 A TECHNICAL GLANCE ON SOME COSMETİC OİLS Kenan Yildirim, PhD Department of Fiber and Polymer Engineering Faculty of Natural Sciences, Architecture and Engineering,Bursa Technical University Bursa, Turkiye A. Melek Kostem, MSc Tübitak-Butal Bursa Test and Analysis Laboratory, Bursa Turkiye Abstract The properties of molecular structure, thermal behavior and UVA protection of 10 types of healthy promoting oils which are argania, almond, apricot seed, and jojoba, wheat germ, and sesame seed, avocado, cocoa, carrot and grapes seed oils were studied. FT-IR analysis was used for molecular structure. DSC analysis was used for thermal behavior and UV analysis was used for UV, visible and IR light absorption. Molecular structure and thermal behavior of avocado and cocoa are different from the others. Contrary to the spectra of avocado and cocoa on which the peaks belongs to carboxylic acid very strong, the spectra of the others do not involve carboxylic acid strong peaks. Almond, wheat germ and apricot seed oil absorb all UVA before 350 nm wave length. The UV protection property of grapes seed and cocoa is very well. Protection of wheat germ, almond and apricot seed oils to UVA is well respectively. Absorption of IR rate change from 7% to 25% for carrot, apricot seed, wheat germ, argania, avocado and grapes seed respectively. Keywords: Cosmetic oils, thermal behavior, molecular structure, UV protection Practical applications Except avocado and cocoa oils the others may be used for production of inherently UV protection yarn. This type of yarn can be used for producing UV protection clothes.
    [Show full text]
  • Jeechem Ipm Nf 98% (Isopropyl Myristate Nf) Description: Jeechem Ipm Is the Ester of Isopropyl Alcohol and Myristic Acid
    24 Madison Road, Fairfield, New Jersey 07004, USA Tel: 800-771-JEEN (5336), Tel: 973-439-1401, Fax: 973-439-1402, email: [email protected] , Website: www.jeen.com JEECHEM IPM NF 98% (ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE NF) DESCRIPTION: JEECHEM IPM IS THE ESTER OF ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL AND MYRISTIC ACID. IT IS A LOW VISCOSITY FLUID EMOLLIENT AND COSOLVENT SUITABLE FOR USE OVER A BROAD PH RANGE. IT IS COMPATIBLE WITH NONIONIC, ANIONIC AND CATIONIC SURFACTANTS. APPLICATION: JEECHEM IPM IS A VERSATILE FORMULATING INGREDIENT FOR COSMETICS, TOILETRIES, AND TOPICAL PHARMACEUTICALS. IT IS A SUPERIOR EMOLLIENT VEHICLE FOR NONGREASY BATH, BODY AND BABY OILS. IT ADDS LUBRICITY TO PRE-ELECTRIC SHAVES, SHAVING CREAMS, BODY POWDERS AND ANTIPERSPIRANTS. IN ANHYDROUS AND EMULSIFIED MAKEUPS, IT ENHANCES THE APPLICATION PROPERTIES BY REDUCING THE DRAG IMPARTED BY THE WAXES AND VISCOUS OILS. IT IS A LUBRICANT AND COMPRESSION AID FOR PRESSED POWDERS. JEECHEM IPM IS A LIGHT NONTACKY EMOLLIENT FOR CREAMS AND LOTIONS. IT IS ESPECIALLY SUGGESTED FOR VANISHING CREAMS AND FOR HAND AND BODY MOISTURIZERS. WHEN USED AT HIGH CONCENTRATIONS IN CLEANSING PREPARATIONS, IT GENTLY LIFTS MAKEUP AND SURFACE DIRT. IT IS A PLASTICIZER FOR HAIR STYLIZING RESINS AND A GLOSSER FOR HAIR GROOMS. SPECIFICATIONS: APPEARANCE @ 25oC: CLEAR, PRACTICALLY ODORLESS OILY LIQUID ACID VALUE 1.0 MAXIMUM IODINE VALUE 1.0 MAXIMUM SAPONIFICATION VALUE: 202 - 212 COLOR (APHA): 30 MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY @ 25oC: 0.8460-0.8540 RESIDUE ON IGNITION: 0.10 MAXIMUM REFRACTIVE INDEX @ 20oC: 1.4320-1.4360 MOISTURE %: 0.10 MAXIMUM IDENTIFICATION: POSITIVE ASSAY: 98 % MINIMUM ORGANIC VOLATILE IMPURITIES: CONFORMS SOLUBILITY: JEECHEM IPM IS SOLUBLE IN MINERAL OIL, CASTOR OIL, COTTONSEED OIL AND ETHANOL.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.486,408 B2 Edelson Et Al
    USOO9486408B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.486,408 B2 Edelson et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 8, 2016 (54) BOTULINUM NANOEMULSIONS 5,851,452 A 12/1998 Vallet Mas et al. 5,858.410 A 1/1999 Muller et al. (71) Applicant: UNIVERSITY OF 5,925,341 A 7/1999 Cervantes et al. MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL, 5,932,562 A 8/1999 Ostlund, Jr. Lowell, MA (US) 5,994.414 A 11/1999 Franco et al. 6,007,856 A 12/1999 Cox et al. 6,039,936 A 3/2000 Restle et al. (72) Inventors: Jonathan Edelson, Scarsdale, NY 6,165,500 A 12/2000 Cevc (US); Robert Nicolosi, Nashua, NH 6,224,853 B1 5, 2001 Steel et al. (US) 6,265,180 B1 7/2001 Zuelli et al. 6,274,150 B1 8/2001 Simonnet et al. (73) Assignee: University of Massachusetts Lowell, 6,312,708 B1 1 1/2001 Donovan Lowell, MA (US) 6,358,917 B1 3/2002 Carruthers et al. 6,387.411 B2 5, 2002 Bruce et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,429,189 B1 8, 2002 Borodic patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,558,941 B2 5/2003 Zuelli et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 372 days. 6,573.241 B1 6/2003 Bigalke et al. 6,589,588 B1 7/2003 Wester et al. (21) Appl. No.: 13/647,759 6,623,780 B1 9, 2003 Stevens et al. 6,632.440 B1 10/2003 Quinn et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Jojoba Oil Golden Grade
    JOJOBA OIL GOLDEN GRADE PRODUCT DATA SHEET The JOJOBA plant is original of the Sonoran Desert.Fromitsbean,agolden,odourless,non- allergic liquid wax is produced that is known as JOJOBA OIL. The structure of JOJOBA OIL is very similar in composition to the human natural skin oils, it is an excellent moisturizer and is ideal for all skin types without promoting acne or any other skin problems. JOJOBA OIL GOLDEN GRADE helps to heal irritated skin conditions such as psoriasis or any form of dermatitis and helps control acne and oily scalps. JOJOBA OIL GOLDEN GRADE contains myristic acid which has anti- inflammatory actions. Since it is similar in composition to the skin's own oils, it is quickly absorbed and is excellent for dry and mature skins, as well as inflamed conditions. It also has antioxidant properties. TECHNICAL DATA Appearance: Clear bright golden oily liquid Acidity index: 1.0 mg KOH/g oil Peroxide value: 5.0 meq O2/Kg oil 3 Specific gravity (25ºC): 0.863 - 0.873 g/cm Extraction method: Cold pressed Since it is composed of wax esters, JOJOBA OIL is an extremely stable substance and does not easily deteriorate or become rancid. These wax esters are formed by long-chained monohydroxyl alcohols and fatty acids, which differ from fats in that the esters are long-chained fatty acids with glycerine. JOJOBA OIL controls transpiration water loss (water and moisture loss through skin) and helps to control flaking and dryness of the skin, thereby also helping to fight wrinkles. Updated: 02/2007 JOJOBA OIL GOLDEN GRADE JOJOBA OIL GOLDEN GRADE In dermatological tests done by Christensen and Packman1 using JOJOBA OIL, it was shown that jojoba oil increases the skin's suppleness by 45% and after 8 hours the effect was still present.
    [Show full text]
  • RE-REVIEW Supplement Book 1 Alkyl Esters CIR EXPERT PANEL
    RE-REVIEW Supplement Book 1 Alkyl Esters CIR EXPERT PANEL MEETING MARCH 5-6, 2012 ALKYL ESTERS RE-REVIEW – SUPPLEMENTAL BOOK 1 Cetyl Esters and Other Previously Reviewed Alkyl Esters Cetyl Esters ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Isopropyl Linoleate .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Cetearyl Octanoate (now Cetearyl Ethylhexanoate) ...................................................................................... 15 Octyl, Cetyl, and Isopropyl Palmitate ............................................................................................................ 25 Decyl and Isodecyl Oleate ............................................................................................................................. 48 Butyl, Cetyl Isobutyl, Isocetyl, Isopropyl, Myristyl, and Octyl Stearate ....................................................... 59 Isostearyl Neopentanoate ............................................................................................................................... 99 Arachidyl Propionate ................................................................................................................................... 121 Isopropyl Isostearate .................................................................................................................................... 131 Cetyl,
    [Show full text]