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Corpo, Mídia E Sexo No Século XXI: Da Pornotopia Para a Atopia Sexual

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Corpo, Mídia E Sexo No Século XXI: Da Pornotopia Para a Atopia Sexual Corpo, mídia e sexo no século XXI: da pornotopia para a atopia sexual Autor(es): Patzdorf, Danilo Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/44908 DOI: DOI:https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-6019_7_11 Accessed : 6-Oct-2021 01:54:16 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. impactum.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt revista de comunicação, jornalismo e espaço público 7 mediapolis Periodicidade Semestral tema media, comunicação e género media, communication and gender Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra Coimbra University Press 1 Danilo Patzdorf ECA‑USP [email protected] ORCID: 0000‑0002‑2538‑8828 Corpo, mídia e sexo no século XXI: da pornotopia para a atopia sexual Recebido em: 04/01/2018 | Aceite em: 11/06/2018 Body, media and sex in 21st century: from pornotopy to sexual atopy https://doi.org/10.14195/2183‑6019_7_11 Resumo Abstract Este artigo analisa a relação entre corpo, This article aims to analyze the interrela‑ mídia e sexo no século XXI. Traçando um tion between body, media and sex in the breve panorama da relação entre tecno‑ 21st century. Drawing a brief panorama on logias comunicativas e práticas sexuais, the link between communicative technolo‑ observaremos como os usos de diferentes gies and sex practices, we will look at how mídias conformaram determinadas formas the use of different media conformed some de se relacionar com o corpo nu e com certain ways to relate with the naked body o sexo. Se a pornografia consumida nos and sex. If the pornography consumed by meios de comunicação de massa (revis‑ mass communication media (magazine, ta, cinema, VHS, etc.) constituiu aquilo movies, VHS etc) constituted that which que Preciado (2010) intitulou “pornoto‑ Preciado (2010) entitled “pornotopy”, I pia”, concluirei, a partir da análise de will conclude from the analisis of three três casos paradigmáticos escolhidos por paradigmatic cases I chose that digital mim, que os dispositivos digitais (webcam, devices (webcam, smartphone, gadgets smartphone, gadget, etc.) têm constituído etc.) have been constituting some type of uma espécie de “atopia sexual”, propi‑ “sexual atopy”, prompting the urge of new ciando o surgimento de novas formas de ways of feeling by disconnecting sexuality sentir ao desconectar a sexualidade dos from its spatial, temporal and even body imperativos espaciais, temporais e, até imperatives. mesmo, corporais. Keywords: body; media; sex; digital Palavras -chave: corpo; mídia; sexo; tec‑ technology; sexuality; pornography. nologia digital; sexualidade; pornografia. 171 Introdução e temporalmente distante? Parece ter acesso, o consumo e o exercício tem‑ É inegável a crescente participa‑ sido a pornografia quem começou a porário da sexualidade. ção das tecnologias digitais em nossas conjugar corpo, mídia e sexo em nos‑ Na nossa atualidade, entretanto, as práticas amorosas e sexuais: quantos sa época moderna, transformando a tecnologias digitais estão dissolvendo encontros deixariam de acontecer se literatura, a gravura, a fotografia e o essas pornotopias para nos fazerem os computadores e smartphones fos‑ vídeo em potenciais parceiros sexuais, vivenciar uma espécie de “atopia se‑ sem eliminados do nosso cotidiano? uma vez que, conforme os diversos xual” que prescinde de um local físico Neste sentido, mais do que “veículos interditos no campo da sexualidade (como o bordel) ou midiático (como de conteúdos”, as novas mídias e as se arregimentavam pelo ocidente, a revista ou o VHS) para a prática tecnologias digitais estão operando as mídias se dispunham a abrigar e sexual, bem como, por vezes, da pró‑ como arquiteturas informativas com disseminar as representações do sexo pria representação do corpo humano. as quais podemos interagir a partir e suas perversões expiadas pelo dis‑ Analisando três casos paradigmáti‑ de qualquer localização geográfica, curso religioso, jurídico, médico ou cos da nossa época, mostrarei que a desde que conectados à Internet. pedagógico. popularização do smartphone e da Como consequência disso, a utilização Junto com os bordeis, as gravuras conectividade móvel tornou possível massiva das tecnologias digitais e da obscenas, a literatura libertina e as iniciarmos, em qualquer lugar e a comunicação em rede, para além de fotografias eróticas operavam como qualquer momento, práticas sexuais facilitar encontros e inaugurar novos lugares (topos) autorizados para a com centenas de pessoas por meio de hábitos de relacionamento, está ins‑ transgressão dos interditos sexuais: (1) live shows em webcam chat sites, or‑ taurando novas sensibilidades eróticas dentro dos quartos dos prostíbulos, ganizar orgias com nossos vizinhos por ao desvencilhar o sexo dos imperati‑ entre as linhas do livro e pelas su‑ meio dos (2) hookup dating apps e até vos espaciais, temporais e, inclusive, perfícies das imagens, suspendiam ‑se mesmo acariciar, chupar ou penetrar corporais que se impuseram até então temporariamente os costumes e leis as anatomias digitais dos avatares na sobre nossas práticas sexuais. que regulavam as práticas sexuais (3) Pornografia em modelagem 3D. Como pensar o sexo e a sexualidade até a metade do século XX. Com sua Assim, nas páginas a seguir re‑ num contexto em que, graças às redes massificação realizada pela fotogra‑ fletiremos brevemente sobre a cons‑ digitais, podemos nos conectar com di‑ fia, pela revista, pelo cinema e pelo tituição dessas pornotopias para, ferentes pessoas e objetos para ver, ou‑ VHS, a pornografia parece ter consti‑ posteriormente, considerar a “atopia vir, tocar e sentir seus corpos por meio tuído, conforme veremos com Precia‑ sexual” que caracteriza nossa época das imagens, sons e impulsos elétricos do (2010), uma “pornotopia”, isto é, e apresentar a hipótese de que as tec‑ advindos de um outro local geográfica um lugar no qual estava autorizado o nologias digitais estão transformando nossa experiência sexual ao fomentar (prostituta) e graphein (escrever), corpo nu, transformando, mais uma uma sexualidade que não se inicia as quais, unidas, formam a palavra vez, nossa forma de se relacionar com nem se destina somente ao corpo, mas pronographos, isto é, “escritos sobre assuntos relacionados ao sexo. Assim, que incorpora imagens, eletricidade e prostitutas”. Embora outrora a palavra a definição e a qualidade do que é por‑ dispositivos enquanto partícipes das se referisse à “descrição da vida, dos nográfico varia de época para época, nossas atuais práticas sexuais. costumes e dos hábitos das prostitutas de região para região e até de pessoa e de seus clientes” (Moraes & Lapeiz, para pessoa, uma vez que ela resulta 1984, p. 109), no início do século XIX da confluência de diferentes fatores A constituição da ela passou a qualificar aqueles livros culturais, iconográficos e morais. pornotopia (na sua maioria, romances) e gravu‑ Avaliando a história da pornografia Representações do corpo nu, inte‑ ras de cunho libertário e transgressor na literatura (Goumelot, 2000), nas ragindo ou não com seus genitais, não quanto às restrições morais (e, algu‑ gravuras (Néret, 2015), nas fotografias é uma exclusividade dos últimos sécu‑ mas vezes, jurídicas) em torno do sexo (Kempe, 2015), no cinema (Gerace, los. Como sabemos, diferentes povos (Hunt, 1999, p. 14). 2015) e no vídeo (Abreu, 2012), per‑ já em épocas longínquas produziam Com a invenção da fotografia (e cebemos que cada mídia trazia consigo desenhos, pinturas, esculturas, gravu‑ o consequente desenvolvimento do uma forma, um espaço e uma tempo‑ ras e literatura em torno do sexo1. Ou cinema), surge um novo suporte para ralidade específica para se relacionar seja, conteúdos sexuais representados a exposição do nu e do sexo, fazendo com as representações da nudez e do em diferentes suportes não surgiram mutar ainda mais o significado da‑ sexo. Contudo, se a pornografia fora nos últimos séculos, mas acompanham quilo que é pornográfico – vide os utilizada inicialmente pelos libertinos o ser humano desde o desenvolvimento livros considerados pornográficos do século XVIII para desmoralizar a da linguagem. no século XIX mas que agora figuram aristocracia já em decadência, bem Da mesma forma, a palavra “por‑ entre os clássicos da literatura2. Por como o poder do Estado e da Igreja, nografia” também não é nova. Provém fim, o acesso massivo à pornografia hoje ela já se tornou um produto do‑ da união das palavras gregas porne visual possibilitado pelo surgimento méstico inofensivo3. É sob este con‑ do VHS e, em seguida, pelas tecno‑ texto que se conformará aquilo que, 1 Lembremos da pequena escultura doravante logias digitais, facilitou radicalmen‑ intitulada “Vênus de Willendorf”; da peça te o consumo de representações do “Lisístrata”, de Aristófanes; das paredes de 3 Em oposição a essa condição doméstica ino‑ Pompeia repletas de desenhos, frases e pin‑ fensiva da pornografia no século XXI, temos turas sobre sexo; da figura de Príapo com seu 2 Por exemplo, As flores do mal, de Baudelai‑ o pornoterrorismo de Diana J. Torres (2011) incomensurável pênis ereto e do não menos re, e Madame Bovary, de Flaubert, ambos e o chamado pós -pornô analisado na obra conhecido livro Kama Sutra.
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