Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 Bournemouth Crest (Bournemouth Crest,ND) Historical Architecture of Bournemouth BN3030 Building Conservation 1 Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 Luke Woodison Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. History of Bournemouth 2.1: Locations of Chosen Buildings 3. Vernacular building (Magdalen Cottage) 3.1: Introduction to vernacular architecture 3.2: History and use 3.3: Notable features 4. Classical Inspired Building (Town Hall) 4.1: History of Classical inspired Architecture 4.2: History and Uses 4.3: Notable Features 5. Gothic Inspired Building (St Peters Church) 5.1: History of Gothic Revival Architecture 5.2: History and Uses 5.3: Notable Features 6. Modern Building (Bournemouth International Centre) 6.1: History of Modern Architecture 6.2: History and Use 6.3: Notable Features 7. Conclusion 2 Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 1: Introduction The architectural Landscape of Great Britain has changed Drastically over the last several Hundred years and there are signs all over the place of these different Styles which came into popularity due to the Impact from History , New Construction methods , and the perceived status which comes with constructing Large Scale buildings. This report will aim to look at several of these styles and there prevalence around the area of Bournemouth. The styles in question are: A vernacular Style Building A Classical/Neo-Classical Building A Gothic/Gothic Revival Building A Modern Building 2: History of Bournemouth Bournemouth can be traced as far back as the 1500’s where its name was simply used to describe a stretch of coastline (Ashley and Ashley, 1990).The Landscape at this time was mostly made of small villages which ended up being brought together into the area of Bournemouth. The area started to be developed in the mid 1800’s where it became known an ideal destination as a retreat for families from the Midlands and the North where due to extensive hours in factories, quality of air and Health was Poor and a break to a relatively undeveloped seaside area was the perfect location. Many Hotels were built and it was marketed as an ideal holiday destination in the UK. It was Officially Listed as a town in 1870 in the county of Hampshire. It was officially moved from A Part of Hampshire to Dorset in 1974. 3 Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 Map of Bournemouth(Digimap 2019) 2.1: Locations of Chosen Buildings A: Town Hall, Bourne Avenue, Bournemouth, BH2 6DY B: Bournemouth International Centre, Exeter Road, Bournemouth, BH2 5BH C: St Peter’s Church, Hinton Rd, Bournemouth, Dorset, BH1 2EE D: Magdalen Cottage, 17 Holdenhurst Village, Bournemouth, BH8 OEE 4 Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 Location of Buildings (Digimap 2019) 1 A B C D 3: Vernacular Architecture: Magdalen Cottage 3.1: Introduction to Vernacular Architecture Vernacular architecture is linked closely to using locally sourced materials and trades in their construction. The buildings of vernacular style are based around the pure functions of the building and that it. This is why you don’t tend to see many artistic features and every element of the design is purely functional. The Vernacular buildings of Bournemouth and the surrounding Dorset are very much like the idea of traditional cottages, with thatch roofs, often timber as a main construction material with various materials being used for infill of timber frames as history went on. As early as the 1600’s Brick was being used in Dorset. 5 Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 3.2 Magdalen Cottage Magdalen cottage is a Grade 2 Listed(Historic England,ND) Vernacular Building Located roughly 5 miles outside Bournemouth town centre and is still classed under the Bournemouth Area. The Building was built in estimated the 16th Century with an extension added to the East end of the building in 1830. The building was built as A Leper Hospital once known as “The hospice of St Mary Magdalen” , the building is currently being used as a private dwelling and it is not known when it Ceased being a Hospice. Building Construction Magdalen Cottage (Grant,2012) The Original part of the building is built in a true vernacular style, this being timber box framing. This is “Where Horizontal and Vertical Timbers are joined together to form a frame which is then infilled or coated in a finishing material” (Brunskill,2000) (Seen Here in Black) and roof beams spanning the width of the structure. This frame is then In filled with a walling material, sometimes Wattle and Daub was used for this but in this particular example Brick was used in a technique sometimes called “Nogging”. This style of construction was not 6 Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 however used for the extension so it is clear which parts of the building were added later. Side/Rear Extension with Lancet in windows circa 1830 Magdalen Cottage (Author's own,2019) This Brick extension completed in 1830 chose a different route with its construction, they chose to make the extension entirely out of brick as the techniques in the area must have developed so that they no longer needed the Box Frame as the original building did. They chose to go with Casement windows for this extension which matched some of the casement windows in the original build, leaving the lancet windows as very noticeable distinct features. Thatch roof 7 Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 Magdalen Cottage ( Grant , 2012) Thatch was the most prevalent roofing material for the time as “It is relatively lightweight, meaning it didn’t need a large roof structure to support it and could be built easily” (Brunskill,2000). When the extension as completed in 1830, they decided to carry on the thatch roof leaving it with half hipped gable ends on the rear and east ends “This allows for a window to be fitted allowing light into the roof structure before the roof bends upwards at a hip” (Brunskill,1992) and a Chimney stack on the West Gable. 4: Classical Inspired Build 4.1: Introduction to Classical Architecture Classical Architecture is rooted in ancient Greece and Rome, the monolithic temples and palaces of the rich families of these nations were built to show power and status in a community or to show respect and honour the Gods. This Style was then later adopted and used across most areas of the world to show importance or to make a statement. These classically inspired buildings borrowed features from these traditional Roman and Greek buildings. Key features seen in Classical and Classically inspired architecture are: Orders Symmetry 8 Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 Repetition 4.2: Bournemouth town hall Bournemouth Town Hall is a Grade 2 listed building(Historic England,ND), originally built between 1881 and 1885 where it was built as the Mont Dere Hotel by Alfred Bedborough. Built in a mix of Neo-Classicism and Italianate Influences “This was popular in the 1850’s and 1860’s after queen Victoria’s Osborne house had been completed in this style” (Yorke,2008)and it displays many of the typical features you would see from these Styles ,Notably the clearly Italianate inspired tower and the window Pediments. It was converted over for use as the Town hall in 1921 with the extension on the left-hand side built in 1930 to accommodate the Council Chamber, one final extension happened at the rear of the building in 1990. The construction materials used in the building are Buff coloured bricks with decorative elements finished in Bath Stone. Pediments and Order Council Chamber (Author's Own,2019) 9 Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 The building Features many examples of Classical orders but the most blatant example comes in the form of the council chamber extension completed in 1930. This carried on the similar style of Neo-Classical and Italianate and features this curved face with showings of Ionic columns Clearly distinguished by the Volutes at the top of them, however these columns look to be of Applied order so serve no structural Purpose. Many of the windows and doors also feature a matching order including this main entrance doorway which also shows A pediment. Roof Dormers Roof Dormers (Author's Own, 2019) These roof dormers tend to come more from Georgian and Italianate styles, but they did carry over some features of classical architecture in the form of their Pediments. These features almost match the similar style as the entrance doorway. Symmetry and repetition 10 Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 Front Facade (Author's own,2019) One of the other common features in classical or classically inspired architecture is a focus around symmetry and repetition, the town hall clearly displays this with its window arrangements. This crosses between purely classical and Italianate with the equally positioned windows, but then with these Canted Bay Windows with alterations to also the roof being clearly Italianate inspired whilst still not looking out of place in the design of the facade. “Symmetry is used to cover universally all constraints of architectural composition that refer to how elements are chosen and placed in relation to one another and to the overall structure” (Tzonis and Lefaivre,1986) Italianate Tower 11 Building Conservation Luke Woodison 20679464 Italianate Tower (Author's Own,2019) Built only 30 years before the hotel was Osborne house, this house built for the queen of England was designed after an Italian palazzo, this soon caught on and Italian features started appearing in buildings of status all over the country. One such building was the town hall, this as previously mentioned borrowed some of the window layouts and this clearly Italian tower. This was modelled to look similar to those seen in renaissance era Italian buildings.