International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN(P): 2249-6890; ISSN(E): 2249-8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 9957-9964 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

A REVIEW ON ’S NOVEL “THE HATE YOU GIVE”- THE REALITY ON THE PAGES

JEBASELVI M Department of English, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, India ABSTRACT

Angie Thomas is a Young Adult Literary American Writer of 21st Century. Her writings focused on social issues especially with racial and gender discrimination among Americans in present scenario. She herself belongs to African- American race woman; she has empathy on the people who were affected with apartheid policy of conservative white race in America. She has written “” is the reality on the pages, which would happen even now. For instance, May 2020 a Young man unknowingly paid for purchased things from a shop and paid fake dollar, the shop keeper informed the police. The police came and arrested but he put him under his knee made the black fluied to die, which was telecasted by a young girl in social media, which made every black people in America annoyed. Subsequently, a few humanitarian police apologies for this brutal . In the year 2018 itself Angie Thomas predicts the same story as a

theme in “The Hate You Give”. She has predict the real condition of Black people in the society and creating awareness Article Original on socialism and the bad impact of racial discrimination even in the 21st century. Though it is a Young Adult Novel, it creates more awareness among the youngsters about the pros and corns of apartheid policy against human race. Hence it is necessary for an hour to review the novel “The Hate U Give” to promote humanity and peace among the white and black people of the world. In America, politically announced equality in all grounds for black, but, still it is a crisis among the Americans.

KEYWORDS: Racism, Discrimination, Apartheid, Equality, African- American, Teens, Young Adult, Socialism, Social Justice, , Black Girl Story.

Received: Jun 10, 2020; Accepted: Jun 30, 2020; Published: Aug 29, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN2020951

INTRODUCTION

Racial tension is anger over feeling powerless, stalked and hunted, degraded and dehumanized. It is an anger that the scenes keep repeating themselves until one feels exhausted and wrung out. It is an anger over feeling that people in power on every level –individual officers as well as local, state and federal government are utterly unresponsive to people’s calls for fundamental change and equal justice under the law and equal treatment by it. When people feel helpless, like there is nothing left to lose, like their lives already hang in the balance, a wild, swirling, undirected rage is a logical result. You destroy people’s prospects; they’ll destroy your property. Our intransigence on the issue of social justice and use of force by the police is making last-straw extremists of members of a generation that feels unheard and disrespected.

We can bemoan the violence that has attended some of these protests, but we must also recognize that to have to live in a world, in a society, in which you feel that your very life is constantly under threat because of the colour of your skin, is also a form of violence. It is a daily, ambient, gnawing violence1 said by ’s Opinion Columnist Charles M Blow. His statement comes true whenever black race affected by white, reaction of black people is as he said above, which is predicted by the Young Adult Literary Novelist Angie

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Thomas in “The Hate U Give.” It helps the readers to understand the society. She has written the reality on the pages, what she has observed and experienced in American Society. However, She has written with calm mind not in anger, she wish to enlighten the teens about humanity, kindness, friendship beyond the colour of the skin, minimizing racial discrimination among the teens through her novel “The Hate U Give”.

Kirkus stated a comment on Angie Thomas novel that reveals “the honest and unflinching story of toil, tears and triumph is a musical love that proves literary lightning does indeed strike twice (Two Novels). A Joyous experience awaits. Read it. Learn it. Love it.” Yes it is true that, one who read and experiences the same while reading the novels of Angie Thomas, who predict the incidents, happened at present in America. As a writer, she carries the readers and exhibit the reality in the modern society, which portraits the hard time of black race in the developed nation. When she developed her short story debuted as novel, she has took the theme from Oscar Grant shot down by a white police officer in 2009, then as a college student she has written as a short story for her senior project in Belhaven University’s creative writing programme.2 She decided to expand the story later with love not in anger3 said by Angie when she gave interview for home town news paper. The deaths of , Michael Brown, Tamir Rice and Sandra Bland drew Angie Thomas back to expand her project into a debut novel,4 by which she decided to widespread ensuing protests against racism and and informed moments in the book. However, there was a great challenge that the publishers would be interested in the Black Lives Matter - inspired material. Some literary agents were Twitter in June 2015 for getting advice.5 Fortunately, there were 13 Publishing Houses competitive to purchase publishing rights from Angie Thomas. Out of 13 publishers, Harper Collins’ imprint Balzer+ Bray bought the rights to the Novel in an auction and signed a two- book deal with Angie Thomas in February, 2016.6 Subsequently, Fox 2000 optioned the film rights in the following months with Angie Thomas.7 In the midst of great challenge, Angie Thomas’s “The Hate U Give” novel with 464 pages was published on 28th February, 2017,8 when the publishing industry stagnated with a decade- long children’s books by African American authors. Angie’s novel publication substituted Children’s book publishers to publish more Young Adult African – American Novels. Hence, YAL has made an attempt to criticize to understand the reality of society in the 21st century.

The death incident of Oscar Grant and Trayvon Martin inspired Thomas to become short story writer to novelist. In her school days Angie was writing fantasy stories. As a reaction to Oscar Grant’s death, who was unarmed, black 22 year-old was shot on New Year’s Day 2009 by a White Oakland transit police officer, calls for justice swept throughout the country. Angie Thomas felt the pain all the way in Miss Jackson made her to write as short story. Since she said that “In my anger and frustration, I wrote a short story about a boy named Khalil who was a lot like Oscar and a girl named Starr who was a lot like me.”9 Over the period of next five years similar circumstances and deaths of Trayvon Martin, Micheal Brown, Tamir Rice and Sandra Bland encourage her to expand that short story into her debut novel, “The Hate U Give,” as she said on Trayvon Martin’s friend that “I decided to turn this story into a novel because so many kids in my neighborhood and church, every time somebody called Trayvon Martin a ‘thug,’ it felt like they were calling them thug,” and “I wanted to write a book for them that says, ‘I see you. I hear you. I understand you. I love you.” which later adapted into a film that hit theaters from October 2019. The author developed this novel by observing the sufferings of Black race people under White race, which was written on the pages as such and create awareness among black teens of both gender in America. This research paper reveals that Angie Thomas’s writings are based on mirror reflection of the society and effective colloquial language also attract the readers in the midst of criticism and Angie justify her writings that I have written the reality on the pages, but nobody celebrated the fact that she spoke in it.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746 SCOPUS Indexed Journal NAAS Rating: 3.11 A Review on Angie Thomas’s Novel “The Hate You Give”- The Reality on the Pages 9959

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The research aims to analyze the issues based on racism; to make the readers to understand the writings of African - American writers on social issues; to make the readers to understand the reality and create awareness to promote harmony, humanity and minimize the gap between gender, and different races in the world; to teach the way of approach to understand the novel in right way; to bring out the changes in publishing industry and to know the reality on the pages of Angie Thomas’ novel “The Hate U Give”.

SOURCES

The research is base on Angie Thomas’ The Hate U Give as a primary source and books, journals, articles, news papers, e- sources are used as secondary sources for writing this research paper.

CHARACTERIZATION

Character chosen for this research from Angie Thomas novel “The Hate U Give” are Starr Carter, Khalil, Maverick, Chris, Hailey Grant and Maya Yang.

IDENTIFIED THEMES

Police brutality against Blacks Lives Matter in “The Hate U Give” and compare the racism in USA in present scenario.

Identified the challenges to the African - American Young Adult Writer and enlighten the Black Lives in America and through lights on unsung history of Black lives in the largest democratic Nation in the World. The research made an attempt to criticize the reality on the pages of Angie Thomas writings.

To highlight the real status of Blacks Lives Matter in America with present incident happened to .

REALITY ON THE PAGES

Angie Thomas in her novel “The Hate U Give” delivered a message to teens of both White and Black Race in America, so she has followed the explicit language to describe the reality on the pages, which made many people to object her way of expression that she followed in her novel. But it is full of facts; many hesitate to express their pitiable position under White administrators. She wants to help the Black Lives through her writings as she was guided by her Professor in her college days. Then she changed her writing for fantasy to reality ground. Generally American violence is learned violence. It is the way that the White people in America have rioted, slaughtered massacred and destroyed for centuries, often directing their anger and violence at black people and Native Americans, to take what they had or their superiority, to instill terror, to maintain power. So, the author through her writings supports the Black people in America and enlightens them to overcome their difficulties and eradicate subordination to another race. Angie Thomas’s debut novel, “The Hate U Give” expanded from a short story she has written in her college days in reaction to the police shooting of Oscar Grant. This book is narrated by Starr Carter, a 16 year-old black girl from a poor economic background, who attends an elite private school in a predominantly occupied by white affluent part of the city. Starr becomes entangled in a national news story after she witnesses a white police officer shoot and kill her childhood friend, Khalil.10 She speaks up about the shooting in increasingly public ways, and social tensions culminate in a after a grand jury decides not to indict the police officer for the shooting. The author made an attempt to write about the Black Lives Matter Movement as well as difficulties faced by Black Americans who are forced to code switch. These themes, as well as the vulgar language, attracted criticism and

www.tjprc.org SCOPUS Indexed Journal [email protected] 9960 Jebaselvi M occupy The New York Times young Adult best – seller list for 80 weeks,11 at initial month of publication 1,00,000 copies were printed and again sold up to 8,50,000 copies as on June 2018 12 and received many more awards13 cause for the commercial success of her writings. This book is the one of the most challenged books of 2017 and 2018 according to the statement of American Library Association since it was considered ‘pervasively vulgar’ and because of drug use, profanity, and offensive language”.

In July 2018, objections has been raised by South Carolina Police Union for including Angie Thomas’s book ‘The Hate U Give’ as summer reading list for ninth-grade students of Wando High School. Because, they have explained that “indoctrination of distrust of police” and asserted that “we’ve got to put a stop to that”. Despite the objections, the book was kept in library list which later recognized Wando’s principal for her defense of the challenged books by the State School Library Association. Parents were also objected this book for summer reading. At the same time, Katy Independent School District removed this book from the school libraries for its use of explicit language, in response to these challenges Angie Thomas defended the book’s message and said it is a spur for conversation. The author’s language style named her as a ‘hoodrat’ because many people disliked the way she spoke in the novel but they failed to realize the fact that she spoke.

Later this book was adopted into a film by Fox 2000 in October 2018, and also adapted into an audio-book and won several awards even in the midst of more criticism. Hence, she received criticism on her writing that doesn’t stop her writings, subsequently wide reputation she got from readers and widespread ensuing protests against racism and police brutality. What she has informed moments in the book is really happened even now. For instance, George Floyd‘s assassination is replica of “The Hate U Give”. By her writings, she has created awareness among the Black Lives and promotes understanding among the White race in America in specific and World in broader way. Angie Thomas’s aim is not spreading violence. But, peacefully, she wants to promote harmonious life among races and put an end to apartheid or racism in the world. According to Government Professor Khalil Muhammad, Harvard’s Kennedy School, stated that Examining race relations is a core theme of Angie Thomas “The Hate U Give” novel,14 which is the way to have discussions among the people about the Black Lives Matter. Students must read in all –white spaces, where otherwise the urgency of these issues has not affected them personally. Whereas it could offer solace for black teens that have faced similar challenges to Starr.15 This novel shows Starr’s parents’ economic struggles with remaining black community and insist them to protect and give opportunity to their children. The author is boldly explains the difficulties of Black girl story as a main characterization in her story; many writers may not do it. In an interview she clarified that black girls including her are sufferings under whites in her school days. Further she stated that “As a Black woman, I feel like I have a unique experience that we don’t often see in media portrayals of the South, when you say, “Southern” you speak about a Southern accent, there’s always that drawl and usually from White people. That’s what people associated with the South…..Knowing that I live in a state where whenever somebody would fight for my rights or speak up for me, they were automatically deemed the enemy by the majority. As a Black woman, I have to be twice as good to get half the respect. I have to prove myself even more in certain circumstances. This frames me as a writer in so many different ways said by Angie in an interview for Native news.” Here the author gave importance to Black girl story and gender rather than race. She gave priority to the main character Starr as a black girl stories and insists other writers to write about black girl matter too, she herself believe that her book will open the eyes and hearts of teens and adults in America.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746 SCOPUS Indexed Journal NAAS Rating: 3.11 A Review on Angie Thomas’s Novel “The Hate You Give”- The Reality on the Pages 9961

BURN DOWN RACISM

As Angie Thomas narrates in “The Hate U Give”, 16 year old black girl Starr saw the death of her childhood friend Khalil, and keep it as secret as she is the only witness of this incident, whereas on 25th May 2020, George Floyd was cruelly murdered by Terechchavu, a white police, which was captured by 17 year old Darenellah black girl and send through Social media which become viral all over the world. Both incidents were almost same. Both Blackmen were killed on suspicion of illegal activities. Whether it is reel or real issue it is against International Human Rights Declaration and Constitutional Laws of a Democratic Nation. The death at police hands of George Floyd, an unarmed black man in the US state of Minnesotta has brought tens of thousands out onto the streets during pandemic that is ebbing in Asia and Europe but still spreading in other parts of the world. One of the speaker using megaphone at a hooting crowd of thousands outside the London Parliament that “It is the time to burn down institutional racism.” 16 In Angie Thomas’s Novel, when Starr came to know about the death of Khalil, Starr is the only witness, Chris supported her, who is a white race, whereas another best friend Hailey Grant object her, as a racist. Here, the author trying to explain that all white race people are not against black lives matter. Still some Traditional organizations like Conservative Council and Oath Keepers are emerged as highest administrative officials, military and police officials, who are all considered them as superior and patriots and react against the South black people. However, North Americans are joining with Black race and Southern people and treated them equally, though they were all majority in America. Angie Thomas becomes a African American Writer due to the motivation of a White professor, who is a gentleman advised her to write for Black Lives Movement. It made it clear that all white race people are not cruel, she appreciate such white race people in her pages.

ABORGINAL PROTESTS

Just after a Year of publishing her novel “The Hate U give”, a tremendous changes among the black lives movement in the worldwide and agitate all over the world for supporting black lives matter in the case of George Floyd. Actually, this violent activity is not for George Floyd but for expose their long term suppress and loss of freedom under white domination. The author strongly disagree with violent, anger activities, through her novel let the black lives arise and shine as equal to white race peacefully. “Are you sure of your silence” asked a poster of a man laying a pink rose at a memorial set up outside the president’s office in Pretoria, South Africa. In Sydney, aboriginal protesters performed a traditional smoking ceremony at the start of a “Black Lives Matter” protest, which was sanctioned at the last minute after initially being banned on health grounds. Many held up signs and wore face masks marked up “I can’t breathe”-the words Floyd kept repeating while handcuffed as a policeman knelt on his neck. Another placard simply read “8.46” – the amount of time the 46 – year old was pinned to the ground by the white officer before his death. Floyd’s Death came during the spread of a disease that has disproportionately affected black people and people and ethnic minorities in global centre such as London and Newyork too.17 In Rome, Pope Francis jointly raised voice for Black people and urges US reconciliation condemns racism and violence.18 George Floyd’s racial attack is echo all over the world and humanitarians raised voice for social justice, which was promised by Donald Trump.

Total population of America consist of multi lingual, multi– racial who were all settled from Europe, Afro- Asian Nations like Africa, India, China, and other Asian nations. Total population of America is 33 Crore as follows:19

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Table 1: Population Percentage Based on Race White Race ( Europeans) 76.5 % Black Race (Africans) 13.5 % Asians Indians, Chinese & Other Asians 5.9 % Other Nations 2.8 % Aboriginals (Red Indians) 1.3 % Source: Compiled from “Dina Thanthi” Daily Tamil Newspaper ‘Niraveriyaal Pattri Eriyum America’ dated 3.06.2020, Chennai Edition, p.11.

The above table clearly shows that white race are occupy majority among the population. Generally, majority of the people are dominating minority groups. But, Democracy ensures, there is no majority or minority in number, they are all considered equal before law. Still it is a great question wherever the minority race got real Independence in the World? One race over other; one country over other is widely prevalent, however UNO ensure Human dignity and freedom to the entire world. Now it is a great question in America after George Floyd brutal murder by a Police. The death report given by a medical examiner classified George Floyd’s death as a homicide, saying his heart stopped as police restrained him and suppressed his neck, in a viral video that has sparked protests across the nation. “Decedent experienced a cardiopulmonary arrest a cardiopulmonary arrest while being restrained by law enforcement officers(s) the report read.”20 One statistical report stated that there are 160 custodial death every year registered in US. The author also stated that Black race youth and girls are vulnerable in the police officials often even inside the class room. The author has empathy on black race and write for them as her professor said to her.

The custodial killing of African –American George Floyd, create discontent among the black and protests against police brutality rage across America, sparking racial unrest eerily similar to the 1960’s at the Civil Rights Movement. The rioters have damaged commercial centers, and public places and looted from shops and malls, in angry response to the killing of Floyd, a 46 year old man who was pinned to the ground in Minneapolis on 25th May 2020, by a white police officer who kneeled on his neck as he gasped for breath. In order to control them Donald Trump’s address to the nation further annoyed the protesters. Many humanitarians raised voice against US president threatens to deploy military to quell violent protests. For instance, Microsoft CEO, Satya Nadelia said that “there is no place for hate and racism in our society. Empathy and shared understanding are a start, but we must do more”.21 The former US President Barack Obama states that, “We should condemn the few who resort to violence-not the overwhelming majority who deserve our respect and support”.22

CONCLUSIONS

The researcher concludes that the theme of the novel centers on examining racial discrimination in American society. As Constance Grady states that the realism in the novel makes it ultimately work to larger purposes: “The specificity and whimsy of ideas likes the anger scale of breakup songs is what keeps The Hate U Give moving so deftly through its heavy subject matter; it stays warm and focused and grounded in character even when it’s dealing with big, amorphous ideas like systemic racism”.23 The book and movie has been read by students in all white spaces without affecting them personally and also to offer support for black teens who have faced similar challenges to characters in the novel. The character Starr plays dual role to respond to the trauma of witnessing her childhood friend Khalil’s death and her need to do so politically. According to Jonathan Alexander writing in the Los Angeles Review of Books, this dual need of Starr is combined with Thomas’s ability to root these struggles in their historical context, which give its power to the book. For instance, Starr’s father Maverick teachers her and her siblings about the and also shows her parents’ struggles with

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746 SCOPUS Indexed Journal NAAS Rating: 3.11 A Review on Angie Thomas’s Novel “The Hate You Give”- The Reality on the Pages 9963 remaining connected to their community while needing to protect and give opportunity to their children. Starr struggles with her own identity, and does keep her personalities separate in Williamson Prep and at Garden Heights. For example Thomas demonstrates Starr’s ability to code switch between her private school and home through the slang that she used in the novel. Starr’s identity as witness to Khalil’s death is initially kept secret from everyone including family members and friends at school as there is need to maintain certain identity beliefs as per society standards. Starr remained silent, struggling with herself and felt powerless when Khalil’s death becomes national news story portraying him as a gang banger and drug dealer and favoring the white officer who killed him. When a grand jury fails to indict the white officer, the public erupts into peaceful protests and . It is failure of the criminal justice system pushes Starr to take public role such as giving television interview and speaking out in protests. This leads to increase in her identification with the people of Garden heights, causes tension among her friends at school, especially her white boy friend Chris who later offers support to her. Whereas Hailey Grant was against her efforts as she is racist. By the end of the novel Starr, Chris and Maya Yang stands against Hailey’s racist comments and injustice that happened to Khalil. Finally Starr has learned to find her own voice which is thought- provoking, highly current, and worthy of black lives. Even now, history repeats in the black lives matter and cause for raising voice from all over the world, and unit all humanitarians raising voice for social justice to black lives in America. The author well narrated to promote peace as well as social justice for all. Hence, the Novel reveals clearly that “The Hate U Give” is an eye opener to all, which represent the reality on the pages of Angie Thomas, who is a peace lover, but strongly announces the difficulties of Black race due to skin colour to the world and won the heart of the reader and made them to realize to promote harmony, integrity and strengthen unity of the World.

END NOTES

1. Charles M. Blow, “Racial Tension Boils Over The Destructive Power of Despair”The New York Times @ 2020; DT Next daily “DT EDIT” dt. 2nd June, 2020, Chennai Edition, p. 6.

2. Anderson, Tre’vell (August 30, 2018), “How the deaths of Oscar Grant and Trayvon Martin inspired “The Hate U Give”” – , Archived from the original on September, 7, 2018. Retrieved on September 7th , 2018; Philyaw,Deesha (March 14,2017), “One-on-One with ‘The Hate U give’ Novelist angie Thomas”. Ebony. Archived from the original on March 26, 2017, Retrieved on March 25th 2017.

3. Liju Jacob Kuriakose, “Popular Shades of ‘Colourism’: An Analysis of Humour and Body Politicsin Kerala’s Visual Culture “, IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature (IMPACT: IJRHAL), Vol. 7, Issue 5, pp. 299-304

4. “Angie Thomas”, Contemprary Black Biography, 148. 2018, retrieved on September 4th, 2018 – Via Gale.

5. Philyaw, Deesh, op.cit., 2017.

6. Yandoli, Krystie Lee (October 21, 2018). “AngieThomas, the Author of “The Hate U Give, “Has A Message For Young People”. BuzzFeed news. Archived from the Original on March 29, 2019, Retrieved on March 29th, 2019.

7. Kirch, Claire (February 23, 2016) “Balzer + Bray Prevails in 13 – House Auction for YA Debut”. Publishers Weekly Archived from the Original on March 26th 2017, Retrieved on March 26th, 2017.

8. Gunjan Agarwal & Gunjan Kapil, “Arranged Marriage: As an Epitome of Social Issues “, International Journal of Humanitiesand Social Sciences (IJHSS), Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 43-52

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9. Nihal Shimy Abdel Fattah El-Shimy , “The Responsibility To Protect" (R2p) Care Or Greed? The United Nations Doctrine (2005) “, BEST: International Journal of Humanities, Arts, Medicine and Sciences (BEST: IJHAMS), Vol. 3, Issue 11, pp. 97- 114

10. Alter, Alexandra (March 19,2017). “New Crop of Young adult Novels Explores Race and Police Brutality”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 21, 2017, Retrieved March 26th, 2017.

11. “The Hate U Give” (December 2017). Kirkus Reviews. Archived from the original on September 4th, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.

12. Anderson, Tre’vell., How the deaths of Oscar Grant and Trayvon Martin inspired ‘The Hate U Give’ August 30, 2018. Retrieved on 3:00 am.

13. Thomas, Angie. The Hate U Give. 9CDs. 11:40 hrs. Harper Audio. Feb.2017. ISBN9781470827137. digital download.

14. Tanima Kumari& Rajni Singh , “Historical Reprsentation of Racism in Marilyn Nelson and Elizabeth Alexander’s Collection of Poetry Miss Crandall’s School for Young Ladiesand Little Misses of Color “, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (IJHSS), Vol. 2, Issue 4, pp. 99-108

15. Canfield, David (September 16, 2018). “‘The Hate U Give’ author Angie Thomas on why it’s wrong to ban her Black Lives Matter novel”. EW. com. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019.

16. Kantor, Emma (June 26, 2018). “Children’s Institute 2018: Angie Thomas Urges Booksellers to ‘Change the World’. www.pushlishersweekly.com. Archived from the Original on February 2, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

17. Angie Thomas’s “The Hate U Give” was recognized by the American Library Association with the William C. Morris Award for best debut book for teens, the Coretta Scott King Award for the best novel by an African – American author for children, and was an honour book for the Michael L. Print Award for best novel for teens and also American Book seller’s Association Indie Award for Best Young adult Novel and many more. See also Carr, Kate (February 12, 2008). “Hello, Universe, We Are Okay among American Library Association 2018 Young Media award winners”. Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on August 29, 2018.Retrieved on 28th Aughust, 2018; Charlotte(March 22, 2018) “Angie Thomas wins Waterstones Children’s Book Prize”. The Bookseller. Archived from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved on Aughst 28th 2018.

18. Weissmann, Elena (October5, 2018). “State Violence and racial justice:The hate U give’could sear on screens.” Christian Science Monitor, ISSN 0882-7729. Archived from the original on March20, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019

19. Alex, Jonathan (December 8, 2017). “Other People’s Children, Part -2: Stories in the Aftermath, or “The Hate U Give” Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved May 14, 2019.

20. ‘Burn down racism’ global protests spread over Floyd’s death’, “DT NEXT” English daily, dated 7th June, 2020, Chennai Edition, p. 5.

21. Ibid., 4th June, 2020. P.7

22. “Nira Veriyal Pattri Eriyum America” in “Dina Thanthi” Tamil daily 3.6.2020, Chennai Edition, p. 11.

23. Ibid.

24. Grady, Constance (March 30, 2017). “Social issues YA novels can be terrible. The Hate U Give is a stunning exception” Vox. Archived from the original on 7th May, 2019. Retrieved on 14th May, 2020.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746 SCOPUS Indexed Journal NAAS Rating: 3.11