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BRYOZOA Zoobotryon Verticillatum (Delle Chiaje, 1828)

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BRYOZOA Zoobotryon Verticillatum (Delle Chiaje, 1828) BRYOZOA Zoobotryon verticillatum (delle Chiaje, 1828) Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831 Clase Gymnolaemata Allman, 1856 Orden Ctenostomata Busk, 1852 Suborden Vesicularina Johnston, 1838 Superfamilia Vesicularioidea Hincks, 1880 Familia Vesiculariidae Hincks, 1880 Género Zoobotryon Ehrenberg, 1831 Nombre común: Briozoario spagheti Diagnosis Hábitat Puertos y marinas de aguas Organismo flácido (no calcáreo), tropicales y cálido-templadas. Crece translúcido y arborescente con prósperamente a >22°C (Winston, ramificaciones (o estolones) irregulares 1995). Sobre cualquier superficie de (0.5 mm de diámetro). Crece en colonias origen antrópico: paredes, pilotes, masivas, colgantes y su forma simula muelles, cascos de embarcaciones; y algas pardas. Alcanza longitudes mayores natural: agrupaciones de esponjas, a un metro. Los zooides tienen forma de ascidias, tubos de poliquetos Fotos: Bahena-Basave, H. saco (0.4–0.6 mm de altura); arreglados sabélidos, conchas de ostiones y en dos lados y en hileras. Los lofóforos balanos (Farrapeira, 2011). lucen ocho tentáculos ciliados (Winston, 1995; Amat & Tempera, 2009; Wirtz & Distribución Canning-Clode, 2009). Como especie nativa Gran Caribe (posible) (Winston, 1995). Como especie exótica en Sinaloa y Pacífico mexicano Pacífico mexicano: Isla San Francisco, bahía Los Frailes y La Paz (Baja California Sur) (Medina-Rosas & Tovar-Hernández, 2012 y referencias ahí citadas). Sinaloa: Topolobampo, estuarios de La Sirena y Urías, y bahía de Mazatlán (Medina-Rosas & Tovar-Hernández, 2012 y referencias ahí citadas). Como especie exótica en otras regiones Estados Unidos, Hawái, Australia, noreste de Madagascar, India, Ghana, mar Mediterráneo, isla Madeira, Zoobotryon verticillatum. A) Rama superior; B) Bermuda y Brasil (Amat & Tempera, detalle de las ramificaciones; c) zooide y lofóforo 2009; Wirtz & Canning-Clode, 2009; extendido. Modificada de Reichert (1869). Farrapeira, 2011). 2 Mecanismo de introducción Accidental: Esclerobionte en los cascos de embarcaciones (Benavides et al., 2002; Wirtz & Canning-Clode, 2009) o larva o propágulo en las aguas de lastre (Farrapeira, 2011). Colonia pequeña Natural: Sobre algas o escombros sujetos a de Zoobotryon las corrientes (Winston, 1995). verticillatum adherida a una agregación del Impacto poliqueto tubícola invasor Branchiomma Causa daños ecológicos y económicos bairdi. debido a su capacidad de expansión; recubre y asfixia la flora y fauna locales (Amat & Tempera, 2009). Su filtración acelerada perjudica la red alimentaria; interrumpe el flujo de las embarcaciones Referencias al incrustarse en estructuras sumergidas; obstruye tuberías marinas industriales y Álvarez-León, R. & Banta, W. C. 1984. Briozoarios de tres esteros afecta la pesquería al adherirse en equipos adyacentes a Mazatlán, Costa Noroeste de México. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 19(4): 209–218. pesqueros. En el Programa de Detección Amat, J. N. & Tempera, F. 2009. Zoobotryon verticillatum Delle Chi- Temprana de Estados Unidos es considerada aje, 1822 (Bryozoa), a new occurrence in the archipelago of la vigesimoprimer especie invasora más the Azores (North-Eastern Atlantic). Marine Pollution Bulletin. indeseada (Benavides et al., 2002). 58: 761–764. Bullivant, J. S. 1968. The rate of feeding of the bryozoans, Zoobot- ryon verticillatum. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Fresh- water Research. 2: 111–134. Benavides, G., Renoud, D. & Wason, K. 2002. Least Wanted Aquatic Invaders for Elkhorn Slough and Monterey Bay Area – A guide for recognizing and reporting potential aquatic in- vaders, to prevent their establishment and spread. Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR) & Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS): Early Biología infecciones virales y bacteriales. Detection Program. Aunque pocos organismos se Farrapeira, C. R. M. The introduction of the bryozoan Zoobotryon Alimentación alimentan de Z. verticillatum (e.g. el verticillatum (Delle Chiaje, 1822) in northeast of Brazil: a Consume partículas en suspensión, nudibranquio Okenia zoobotryon), cause for concern. Biological Invasions. 13: 13–16. Medina-Rosas, P. & Tovar-Hernández, M. A. 2012. Capítulo VII. principalmente de fitoplancton es un nicho importante para otros Bryozoa, Cnidaria, Kamptozoa. En: Low Pfeng, A. M. & Peters (Bullivant, 1968). Es un purificador briozoarios, tunciados y anfípodos. Recagno, E. M. (Eds.). Invertebrados marinos exóticos en el exitoso, ya que filtra alrededor de Provee una superficie apropiada Pacífico mexicano. Geomare, A. C., INE-SEMARNAT. México. 25,000–344,000 litros de agua/día/m2 para el establecimiento de algunos En prensa. Reichert, K. B. 1869. Vergleichende anatomische Untersuchun- (Winston, 1995). organismos incrustantes y sirve gen über Zoobotryon pellucidus (Ehrenberg). Abhandlun- Reproducción de protección para poliquetos gen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 4: 233–338. Asexual: Gemación y fragmentación. neréididos, bivalvos y picnogónidos (Ferrapeira, 2011). Robinson, N. M. 2004. Interactions between the nudibranch Oke- Sexual: Colonias hermafroditas, nia zoobotryon and its bryozoan prey Zoobotryon verticilla- óvulos y espermatozoides dan Es la única especie del género tum. Tesis de Maestría. Department of Biology, University of lugar a larvas planctónicas; poco Zoobotryon. Fue registrada por primera Central Florida, Orlando. 67 pp. Soule, J. D. 1963. Results of the Puritan-American Museum of Nat- frecuente y dependiente de la vez en el Pacífico mexicano por Soule (1963) con muestras recolectadas ural History Expedition to Western Mexico 18. Cyclostomata, temperatura (Robinson, 2004). Ctenostomata (Ectoprocta), and Entoprocta of the Gulf of durante abril de 1957 en el Golfo de California. American Museum Novitates. 2144: 1–34. Comentarios California; entre las localidades estaba Winston, J. E. 1995. Ectoproct diversity of the Indian River coastal lagoon. Bulletin of Marine Science. 57(1): 84–93. Alcanza una longitud de un Mazatlán. Más tarde, Álvarez-León (1977) la documentó en el Estero de Wirtz, P. & Canning-Clode, J. 2009. The invasive bryozoan Zoobot- metro en 6–8 meses (Winston, ryon verticillatum has arrived at Madeira Island. Aquatic Inva- 1995). Produce metabolitos Urías con material de 1976; y se detectó sions. 4(4): 669–670. que previenen su depredación, recientemente en Topolobampo, limitan el establecimiento de Guaymas y La Paz (Tovar-Hernández, otros organismos y le protegen de obs. pers.). 3.
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