Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 3

Volume 1 Number 6 November-December, 1952 Article 22

11-1952

The distribution of some important toxic of South-Western Australia

R D. Royce Department of Agriculture

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Recommended Citation Royce, R D. (1952) "The distribution of some important toxic plants of South-Western Australia," Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 3: Vol. 1 : No. 6 , Article 22. Available at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/journal_agriculture3/vol1/iss6/22

This article is brought to you for free and open access by Research Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 3 by an authorized administrator of Research Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOME OF THE MORE IMPORTANT TOXIC PLANTS OF SOUTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA By R. D. ROYCE, B.Sc. (Agric), Botanist

T^ROM the earliest days of settlement in Western Australia, native species of J- plants have been responsible for stock losses. As early as 1837, the plant now known as York Road Poison, was apparently causing the death of cattle, sheep and goats in the Guildford area, although the cause of the losses was at that time un­ known. By 1842, James Drummond, the earliest of the botanical workers in Western Australia, had identified at least three species of Gastrolobium and one species of Oxylobium as being toxic. Subsequent experience in the field, together with experi­ mental evidence has proved that 25 species of Gastrolobium and six species of Oxylobium are toxic to stock.

Just as an effective programme of usually found restricted to a particular weed control is largely dependent on soil type, and details of this association one's ability to identify weeds, so the are set out in the previous article. prevention of stock losses due to pois­ In order to supplement the informa­ onous plants can be made effective only tion so far available, a series of maps where the species are readily recognised. has been prepared in collaboration with To assist the farmer in this direction a Mr. Gardner to illustrate the distribu­ series of articles by the Government tion of the more important toxic species Botanist (Mr. C. A. Gardner) is being in the South-Western portion of this published in this journal, and the third State, and including some plants other article of the series, which appeared in than those in the genera Gastrolobium the July-August issue, dealt with all the and Oxylobium. A study of the maps known toxic species of Gastrolobium will enable a farmer to considerably and Oxylobium. The key provided in narrow down the field of his search in that article, together with the excellent the identification of a supposed poison illustrations which have been published plant. Thus a farmer at Bonnie Rock by the West Australian Newspapers would know, after consulting the maps, Ltd., should enable farmers to identify that his property might possibly carry most of the poisonous plants which they stands of Cluster Poison, Wodgil Poison, might encounter. Pituri and Lamb Poison, while at Nan- It is sometimes useful, however, to nup he would know that he would be know what species are likely to occur in most likely to find Heart-leaved Poison, any particular district. Generally River Poison, Prickly Poison, Blind speaking, the poisonous species have a Grass and Lamb Poison. fairly limited range, and a knowledge of It should always be remembered, their distribution would give a farmer however, that in the main, distribution an indication of what plants should be maps give only an approximate idea of looked for in bush country in any the range of the plant concerned. locality. Furthermore, each species is Isolated areas due to soil variation may 845

Journal of agriculture Vol. 1 1952 occur outside the indicated limits, while Fig. large areas within the limits may be free Gastrolobium rotundifolium Meissn 9 from the plant due to the same cause. Benth. .... 11 Moreover, only 38 of the most important species have been dealt with, and there Gastrolobium stenophyllum Turcz .... 1 remains a large number of plants, both Gastrolobium trilobum Benth. .... 1 native and introduced, which are cap­ Gastrolobium velutinum Lindl. .... 12 able of causing stock losses, but which Gastrolobium villosum Benth. .... 2 have not proved the same economic Gilbernine Poison 9 problem as have those which are in­ Goodia lotifolia Salisb. 14 cluded here. Despite these limitations, Granite Poison 11 however, the maps should prove useful to the farmer, particularly those con­ Gully Poison 10 templating opening up land in new dis­ Heart-leaved Poison 4 tricts. Hill River Poison 6 Hook Point Poison 14 Isotropis cuneifolia (Sm.) Domin .... 16 INDEX Isotropis Drummondii Meissn. .... 15 Fig. Isotropis juncea Turcz. 16 Berry Poison 5 Kite-leaved Poison 15 Blind Grass 18 Lamb Poison 15-16 Box Poison 17 Mallet Poison 2 Brother Brother 12 Mount Ragged Poison 13 Bullock Poison 1 Muntadgin Poison 8 Champion Bay Poison 7 Narrow-leaved Poison 6 Clover-leaved Poison 14 Native Fuchsia 17 Cluster Poison 13 Net-leaved Poison 9 Crinkle-leaved Poison 2 Oxylobium graniticum S. Moore .... 11 Duboisia Hopwoodii (P. Muell) P. Muell 14 Oxylobium heterophyllum (Turcz.) Eremophila maculate P. Muell .... 17 Benth io Fuchsia (Native) 17 Oxylobium parvifiorum Benth. .... 17 Gastrolobium Bennettsianum C. A. Oxylobium racemosum (Turcz.) C. A. Gardn 13 Gardn. 9 Gastrolobium bidens Meissn 6 Oxylobium spectabile Endl 8 R. Br 4 Oxylobium tetragonophyllum E. Pritzel 12 Gastrolobium callistachys Meissn 4 Phillips River Poison 1 Gastrolobium calycinum Benth 10 Pituri 14 Gastrolobium crassifolium Benth 6 Prickly Poison 11 Gastrolobium densifolium C. A. Gardn. 2 River Poison 8 Gastrolobium floribundum S. Moore .... 12 Rock Poison 4 Gastrolobium Forrestii Ewart 8 Runner Poison 7 Gastrolobium glaucum C. A. Gardn 5 Sandplain Poison 3 Gastrolobium hamulosum Meissn 14 South Coast Gully Poison 10 Gastrolobium Laytonii J. White .... 15 Stirling Range Poison 12 Gastrolobium microcarpum Meissn 3 Stypandra grandiflora Lindl. .... 18 Gastrolobium ovalifolium Henfr 7 Stypandra imbricata R. Br 18 Gastrolobium oxylobioides Benth 7 York Road Poison 10 Gastrolobium parvifolium Benth 5 Wandoo Poison 3 Gastrolobium polystachyum Meissn 3 Wongan Poison 5 Gastrolobium pyenostachyum Benth. 13 Wodjil Poison 12 846

Journal of agriculture Vol. 1 1952 BULLOCK POISON (Gastroloblum CRINKLE-LEAVED POISON (Gas- trllobum Benth.) ?///,y, troloblum vlllosum Benth.) PHILLIPS RIVER POISON (Gastro­ N1 loblum stenophyllum Turcz.) MALLET POISON (Gastroloblum denslfollum C. A. Gardn.)

WANDOO POISON (Gastroloblum '///ft ROCK POISON (Gastroloblum cal- m polystachyum Melssn.) '///'/ llstachys Melssn.) SANDPLAIN POISON (Gastroloblum V^\^S\ HEART-LEAVED POISON (Gastro- mlcrocarpum Melssn.) v v\ loblum bllobum R. Br.)

847

Journal of agriculture Vol. 1 1952 '/////yA WONGAN POISON (Gastroloblum '/, NARROW-LEAVED POISON (Gas- //, glaucum C. A. Gardn.) / y/ troloblum crasslfollum Benth.) ^' BERRY POISON (Gastroloblum par ^ HILL RIVER POISON (Gastroloblum vlfollum Benth.)

CHAMPION BAY POISON (Gastro­ RIVER POISON (Gastroloblum Por- loblum oxylobloldes Benth.) restll Ewart) RUNNER POISON (Gastroloblum ovallfolium Henfr.) MUNTADGIN POISON (Oxyloblum spectablle Endl.)

848

Journal of agriculture Vol. 1 1952 w '—Jl n GeraldtorMr/T \ NW V// ^ S ^n °^> Vs

& rr-^%

Freraantlek

Bunburjjj ESperance • _^25fc^»H*atyi 5 J* ''////X// GILBERNINE POISON (Gastroloblum rotundlfollum Melssn.)

X^vV^S NET-LEAVED POISON (Oxyloblum racemosum (Turoz.) C. A. §$^> Gardn.)

V/ YORK ROAD POISON (Gastroloblum calyclnum Benth.) /. sX SOUTH COAST GULLY POISON (Oxyloblum heterophyUum Vs^CVV' (Turcz.) Benth.)

849

Journal of agriculture Vol. 1 1952 V I—M

^ Jeraldtons^PT \ ciT^ Vs

'X/t'/G^? vck y/&r — Fremant \?\&y, Wk I Bun bury MOY- % Efperance fvz. // V« • ' f*r. // ^SKfrlrbB-nys N Vj PRICKLY POISON (Gastroloblum splnosum Benth.)

GRANITE POISON (Oxyloblum granltlcum S. Moore)

V <—'! "J SeraldtorflL^j >, ^rif x^ ** 12! l|—T^/bfg

Fr eman ill e \(^ v~"""^ V /" Bunbury M~^~JLs\

Caperanee

/Z* /f V|\M^ • *»*A i bany H c* 1 BROTHER BROTHER (Oxyloblum tetragonophyllum E. Prttzel)

WODJIL POISON (Gastroloblum florlbundum S. Moore)

STIRLING RANGE POISON (Gastroloblum velutlnum Llndl.)

850

Journal of agriculture Vol. 1 1952 CLUSTER POISON (Oastroloblum Bennettslanum C. A. * Gardn.) V^ MT. RAGGED POISON (Oastroloblum pycnostachyum Benth.)

bu . i\— \ V//2 ^1P^ Fremanflleyr" V*~ ^FX XH Bvmbi^yJjT V_AXN ^ 1P^ E&pc ranee

/?< /^.__y__J*^5«^*JAlLiaiifesaSL^Ja ^ fj N|

HOOK-POINT POISON (Oastroloblum hamulosum Melssn.)

/, PITURI (Dubolsla Hopwoodll (P. Muell.) P. Muell.) Vs. CLOVER-LEAVED POISON (Goodla lotlfolla Sallsb.)

851

Journal of agriculture Vol. 1 1952 /// LAMB POISON (Isotropts cunelfolla (Sm.) Domln)

LAMB POISON (Isotropts juncea Turcz.)

852

Journal of agriculture Vol. 1 1952 BLIND GRASS (Stypandra lmbricata R. Br.) V BLIND GRASS (Stypandra grandlflora Llndl ) &

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Journal of agriculture Vol. 1 1952