Therapsida, Therocephalia): Earliest Evidence of Cranial Display Structures in Eutheriodonts
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Distributions of Extinction Times from Fossil Ages and Tree Topologies: the Example of Some Mid-Permian Synapsid Extinctions Gilles Didier, Michel Laurin
Distributions of extinction times from fossil ages and tree topologies: the example of some mid-Permian synapsid extinctions Gilles Didier, Michel Laurin To cite this version: Gilles Didier, Michel Laurin. Distributions of extinction times from fossil ages and tree topologies: the example of some mid-Permian synapsid extinctions. 2021. hal-03258099v2 HAL Id: hal-03258099 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03258099v2 Preprint submitted on 20 Sep 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributions of extinction times from fossil ages and tree topologies: the example of some mid-Permian synapsid extinctions Gilles Didier1 and Michel Laurin2 1 IMAG, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France 2 CR2P (\Centre de Pal´eontologie { Paris"; UMR 7207), CNRS/MNHN/SU, Mus´eumNational d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France September 16, 2021 Abstract Given a phylogenetic tree that includes only extinct, or a mix of extinct and extant taxa, where at least some fossil data are available, we present a method to compute the distribution of the extinction time of a given set of taxa under the Fossilized-Birth-Death model. Our approach differs from the previous ones in that it takes into account (i) the possibility that the taxa or the clade considered may diversify before going extinct and (ii) the whole phylogenetic tree to estimate extinction times, whilst previous methods do not consider the diversification process and deal with each branch independently. -
On the Stratigraphic Range of the Dicynodont Taxon Emydops (Therapsida: Anomodontia) in the Karoo Basin, South Africa
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE On the stratigraphic range of the dicynodont taxon Emydops (Therapsida: Anomodontia) in the Karoo Basin, South Africa Kenneth D. Angielczyk1*, Jörg Fröbisch2 & Roger M.H. Smith3 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom 2Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada 3Divison of Earth Sciences, South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa Received 19 May 2005. Accepted 8 June 2006 The dicynodont specimen SAM-PK-708 has been referred to the genera Pristerodon and Emydops by various authors, and was used to argue that the first appearance of Emydops was in the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. However, the specimen never has been described in detail, and most discussions of its taxonomic affinities were based on limited data. Here we redescribe the specimen and compare it to several small dicynodont taxa from the Tapinocephalus and Pristerognathus assemblage zones. Although the specimen is poorly preserved, it possesses a unique combination of features that allows it to be assigned confidently to Emydops. The locality data associated with SAM-PK-708 are vague, but they allow the provenance of the specimen to be narrowed down to a relatively limited area southwest of the town of Beaufort West. Strata from the upper Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone and the Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone crop out in this area, but we cannot state with certainty from which of these biostratigraphic divisions the specimen was collected. -
Filling the Olson's Gap? a Re-Appraisal of Raranimus Dashankouensis (Synapsida, Therapsida) Using CT Scanning Technologies
IMGRAD4 Abstract ID : 9 Filling the Olson’s Gap? A re-appraisal of Raranimus dashankouensis (Synapsida, Therapsida) using CT scanning technologies. Content Non-mammalian Therapsida is a paraphyletic group of Permian-Jurassic amniotes closely related tomam- mals. Understanding the origin of Therapsida is complicated by the existence of a phylogenetic gapinthe fossil record termed Olson’s gap. Because of its assumed low stratigraphic occurrence and basal phylogenetic position, Raranimus dashankouensis, from the Dashankou fauna, Qingtoushan Formation, China, is the best candidate to fill this gap. However, its phylogenetic position as the basal-most therapsid is the subjectof debate. In addition, the age of the Qingtoushan Formation is poorly constrained. Enhancement of CT scanning technology offers new ways to investigate the skull of extinct species andpro- vides access to characters which were previously out of reach (e.g. internal cranial features such as cranial nerves) which can be useful for phylogenetic analysis. Our results show that Raranimus has five therapsid synapomorphies, the most obvious being the short contact between the maxilla and the prefrontal. However the presence of plesiomorphic characters, such as the presence of a precanine caniniform tooth, manifest re- tention of typical “pelycosaur” grade features. The maxillary canal morphology of Raranimus is comparable to that of the “pelycosaur” Varanosaurus and the biarmosuchian Herpetoskylax. Overall, this suggests a very basal position for Raranimus in the therapsid phylogenetic tree. New data on the age of the Qingtoushan For- mation indicates a Roadian age for Rarianimus, hence filling the Olson’s gap and confirming that the genus is an important taxon for understanding the evolutionary origin of therapsids. -
Therapsida: Dinocephalia) Christian F
This article was downloaded by: [University of Guelph] On: 30 April 2012, At: 12:37 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Systematic Palaeontology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjsp20 Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia) Christian F. Kammerer a a Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, 10024-5192, USA Available online: 13 Dec 2010 To cite this article: Christian F. Kammerer (2011): Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 9:2, 261-304 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2010.492645 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, Vol. -
First Palaeohistological Inference of Resting
First palaeohistological inference of resting metabolic rate in an extinct synapsid, Moghreberia nmachouensis (Therapsida: Anomodontia) Chloe Olivier, Alexandra Houssaye, Nour-Eddine Jalil, Jorge Cubo To cite this version: Chloe Olivier, Alexandra Houssaye, Nour-Eddine Jalil, Jorge Cubo. First palaeohistological inference of resting metabolic rate in an extinct synapsid, Moghreberia nmachouensis (Therapsida: Anomodon- tia). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Linnean Society of London, 2017, 121 (2), pp.409-419. 10.1093/biolinnean/blw044. hal-01625105 HAL Id: hal-01625105 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01625105 Submitted on 27 Oct 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. First palaeohistological inference of resting metabolic rate in extinct synapsid, Moghreberia nmachouensis (Therapsida: Anomodontia) CHLOE OLIVIER1,2, ALEXANDRA HOUSSAYE3, NOUR-EDDINE JALIL2 and JORGE CUBO1* 1 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7193, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris (iSTeP), 4 place Jussieu, BC 19, 75005, Paris, France 2 Sorbonne Universités -CR2P -MNHN, CNRS, UPMC-Paris6. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 57 rue Cuvier, CP38. F-75005, Paris, France 3Département Écologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, UMR 7179, CNRS/Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 55, Paris, 75005, France *Corresponding author. -
A New Mid-Permian Burnetiamorph Therapsid from the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa and a Phylogenetic Review of Burnetiamorpha
Editors' choice A new mid-Permian burnetiamorph therapsid from the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa and a phylogenetic review of Burnetiamorpha MICHAEL O. DAY, BRUCE S. RUBIDGE, and FERNANDO ABDALA Day, M.O., Rubidge, B.S., and Abdala, F. 2016. A new mid-Permian burnetiamorph therapsid from the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa and a phylogenetic review of Burnetiamorpha. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (4): 701–719. Discoveries of burnetiamorph therapsids in the last decade and a half have increased their known diversity but they remain a minor constituent of middle–late Permian tetrapod faunas. In the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa, from where the clade is traditionally best known, specimens have been reported from all of the Permian biozones except the Eodicynodon and Pristerognathus assemblage zones. Although the addition of new taxa has provided more evidence for burnetiamorph synapomorphies, phylogenetic hypotheses for the clade remain incongruent with their appearances in the stratigraphic column. Here we describe a new burnetiamorph specimen (BP/1/7098) from the Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone and review the phylogeny of the Burnetiamorpha through a comprehensive comparison of known material. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that BP/1/7098 is closely related to the Russian species Niuksenitia sukhonensis. Remarkably, the supposed mid-Permian burnetiids Bullacephalus and Pachydectes are not recovered as burnetiids and in most cases are not burnetiamorphs at all, instead representing an earlier-diverging clade of biarmosuchians that are characterised by their large size, dentigerous transverse process of the pterygoid and exclusion of the jugal from the lat- eral temporal fenestra. The evolution of pachyostosis therefore appears to have occurred independently in these genera. -
Origin and Beyond
EVOLUTION ORIGIN ANDBEYOND Gould, who alerted him to the fact the Galapagos finches ORIGIN AND BEYOND were distinct but closely related species. Darwin investigated ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE (1823–1913) the breeding and artificial selection of domesticated animals, and learned about species, time, and the fossil record from despite the inspiration and wealth of data he had gathered during his years aboard the Alfred Russel Wallace was a school teacher and naturalist who gave up teaching the anatomist Richard Owen, who had worked on many of to earn his living as a professional collector of exotic plants and animals from beagle, darwin took many years to formulate his theory and ready it for publication – Darwin’s vertebrate specimens and, in 1842, had “invented” the tropics. He collected extensively in South America, and from 1854 in the so long, in fact, that he was almost beaten to publication. nevertheless, when it dinosaurs as a separate category of reptiles. islands of the Malay archipelago. From these experiences, Wallace realized By 1842, Darwin’s evolutionary ideas were sufficiently emerged, darwin’s work had a profound effect. that species exist in variant advanced for him to produce a 35-page sketch and, by forms and that changes in 1844, a 250-page synthesis, a copy of which he sent in 1847 the environment could lead During a long life, Charles After his five-year round the world voyage, Darwin arrived Darwin saw himself largely as a geologist, and published to the botanist, Joseph Dalton Hooker. This trusted friend to the loss of any ill-adapted Darwin wrote numerous back at the family home in Shrewsbury on 5 October 1836. -
Distributions of Extinction Times from Fossil Ages and Tree Topologies: the Example of Some Mid-Permian Synapsid Extinctions
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.11.448028; this version posted June 11, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Distributions of extinction times from fossil ages and tree topologies: the example of some mid-Permian synapsid extinctions Gilles Didier1 and Michel Laurin2 1IMAG, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France 2CR2P (“Centre de Recherches sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements”; UMR 7207), CNRS/MNHN/UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France June 11, 2021 Abstract Given a phylogenetic tree of extinct and extant taxa with fossils where the only temporal infor- mation stands in the fossil ages, we devise a method to compute the distribution of the extinction time of a given set of taxa under the Fossilized-Birth-Death model. Our approach differs from the previous ones in that it takes into account the possibility that the taxa or the clade considered may diversify before going extinct, whilst previous methods just rely on the fossil recovery rate to estimate confidence intervals. We assess and compare our new approach with a standard previous one using simulated data. Results show that our method provides more accurate confidence intervals. This new approach is applied to the study of the extinction time of three Permo-Carboniferous synapsid taxa (Ophiacodontidae, Edaphosauridae, and Sphenacodontidae) that are thought to have disappeared toward the end of the Cisuralian, or possibly shortly thereafter. The timing of extinctions of these three taxa and of their component lineages supports the idea that a biological crisis occurred in the late Kungurian/early Roadian. -
Journal of Anatomy
Journal of Anatomy J. Anat. (2017) 230, pp325--336 doi: 10.1111/joa.12557 Reconstruction of body cavity volume in terrestrial tetrapods Marcus Clauss,1 Irina Nurutdinova,2 Carlo Meloro,3 Hanns-Christian Gunga,4 Duofang Jiang,2 Johannes Koller,2 Bernd Herkner,5 P. Martin Sander6 and Olaf Hellwich2 1Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 2Computer Vision and Remote Sensing, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany 3Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK 4ChariteCrossOver - Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany 5Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt (Main), Germany 6Steinmann Institute of Palaeontology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Abstract Although it is generally assumed that herbivores have more voluminous body cavities due to larger digestive tracts required for the digestion of plant fiber, this concept has not been addressed quantitatively. We estimated the volume of the torso in 126 terrestrial tetrapods (synapsids including basal synapsids and mammals, and diapsids including birds, non-avian dinosaurs and reptiles) classified as either herbivore or carnivore in digital models of mounted skeletons, using the convex hull method. The difference in relative torso volume between diet types was significant in mammals, where relative torso volumes of herbivores were about twice as large as that of carnivores, supporting the general hypothesis. However, this effect was not evident in diapsids. This may either reflect the difficulty to reliably reconstruct mounted skeletons in non-avian dinosaurs, or a fundamental difference in the bauplan of different groups of tetrapods, for example due to differences in respiratory anatomy. -
Dashankou Fauna: a Unique Window on the Early Evolution of Therapsids
Vol.24 No.2 2010 Paleoherpetology Dashankou Fauna: A Unique Window on the Early Evolution of Therapsids LIU Jun* Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, CAS, Beijing 100044, China n the 1980s, the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of IGeological Sciences (IGCAGS) sent an expedition to the area north of the Qilian Mountains to study the local terrestrial Permian and Triassic deposits. A new vertebrate fossil locality, later named Dashankou Fauna, was discovered by Prof. CHENG Zhengwu in Dashankou, Yumen, Gansu Province in 1981. Small-scale excavations in 1981, 1982 and 1985 demonstrated that this locality was a source of abundant and diverse vertebrate fossils. In the 1990s, supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Fig. 1 Prof. LI Jinling in the excavation of 1995. She first summarized the known IGCAGS, the Institute of Vertebrate members of the Dashankou Fauna and brought it to light as the most primitive and abundant Chinese tetrapod fauna. Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) under CAS, and the Geological Museum of China formed a joint team IVPP were productive and have since investigations were first disseminated to work on this fauna. Three large- unveiled an interesting episode in the to the public in 1995. In 2001, Prof. scale excavations, undertaken in transition from reptiles to mammals in LI Jinling summarized the known 1991, 1992, and 1995 respectively, as evolutionary history. members of the fauna and discussed well as the subsequent ones held by The results from these their features. She pointed out that * To whom correspondence should be addressed at [email protected]. -
C05 A4 BP Placerias
ArtNr: C05 ArtNr: C05 ArtNr: C05 Placerias gigas Placerias Placerias gigas gigas 0DVWDEVFDOH 0DVWDEVFDOH 1/72 1/72 Placerias gigas 1/72 Placerias war ein etwa 3m langer Cynodont der mittleren Trias. Als Therapside ist er kein Dinosaurier, aber ein Zeitgenosse der aufkommenden Dinosaurier. P. lebte in Herden und IKUWH wahrscheinlich ein semiaquatisches Leben lKQOLFK den 0DVWDEVFDOH heutigen Flusspferden. 1/72 L:5 cm, B/W:1,9 cm, H:2,5 cm Kelenken was a 3m long Cynodont of the middle Triassic. As a Therapsid it had been a contempory of long skull. The so called Terrorbirds were the top-predators $%¡+50,;960,1,0$;$'00;,9$49$(0$77,$&2590*(50$1,$ of Patagonia. Their recent relatives are the Seriemas. Terrorbirds caught there prey by knocking them out of balance or stabbing them with their giant beaks. 0DVWDEVFDOH ArtNr: C05 1/72 0DVWDEVFDOH Placerias gigas 1/72 Placerias gigas Einzelteile: 2 Kleber, Farben und Bauanleitung - assembly instruction Gras sind nicht ent- halten Parts: 2 Glue, colours and gras are not included I Ol An La Ka Trias/ Triassic No Rh -252,2 Ma -247,2 -242 -235 -228 -222 -215 -208,5 -201,3 Kannemeyeriiformes Placerias (# 1) Stahleckeriidae Stahlecker- Einzelteile/Parts: iinae [.|USHUERG\ Placeriinae Zambiasaurus 1 x Grundplatte/base (# III) Placerias Moghreberia Kladogramm: Kammerer, 2013 I] 9HUVlXEHUQGHU*XQlKWH I] Remove casting seam, cut Placerias gigas (Lucas, 1904) DEWUHQQHQGHU*XlVWHEHL off sprues, resculpting if Bedarf nachmodellieren necessary Lebenszeit/Lifespan : mittleres Norium/middle Norian (222-215 Ma) Verbreitung/Distribution : USA, Afrika II] Bemalung II] Painting /lQJHOHQJKW: 3 m (UQlKUXQJ'LHW : herbivor Habitat: semiaquatic III] Montage auf Grundplatte III] Fix on base Paleofauna: Postosuchus, Coelophysis, Phytosauria $%¡+50,;960,1,0$;$'00;9$49$(0$77,$&2590*(50$1,$ Paleoflora%DXPIDUQH&\DWKHDOHV%lUODSSSIODQ]HQ/\FRSRGLRSVLGD ArtNr: C05 ArtNr: C05 ArtNr: C05 Placerias gigas Placerias Placerias gigas gigas 0DVWDEVFDOH 0DVWDEVFDOH 1/72 1/72 Placerias gigas 1/72 Placerias war ein etwa 3m langer Cynodont der mittleren Trias. -
The Big Picture Book
BOOK PUBLISHERS Teachers Notes (Middle Years) by Dr John Long The Big Picture Book by Dr John Long, illustrated by Brian Choo ISBN 9781741143287 Recommended for ages 8-14 These notes may be reproduced free of charge for use and study within schools but they may not be reproduced (either in whole or in part) and offered for commercial sale. Introduction ............................................ 2 Science studies........................................ 2 Time........................................... 2 Astronomy .................................. 3 Geology ...................................... 3 Biology ....................................... 4 Science and the future .................. 6 Cultural studies ....................................... 6 Language................................................ 7 Meanings of some of the names featured in the book ........... 7 About the writer and illustrator .................. 7 Appendix: A ‘Bestiary’ of living things featured in the illustrations........................ 10 83 Alexander Street PO Box 8500 Crows Nest, Sydney St Leonards NSW 2065 NSW 1590 ph: (61 2) 8425 0100 [email protected] Allen & Unwin PTY LTD Australia Australia fax: (61 2) 9906 2218 www.allenandunwin.com ABN 79 003 994 278 INTRODUCTION This book was written to introduce to upper primary and lower secondary level children an outline of the three main themes that contribute towards our understanding of evolution: time, physical processes, and biological change. The book can be used to augment studies in general science (astronomy, geology, biology), but also to contribute to an understanding of the birth of human culture and to promote discussion of environmental issues confronting the world today. The writing is a simple, almost lyrical style to facilitate an easy level of reading, with pronunciation guide and glossary at the back of the book to help children say and understand the meaning of most of the technical words used in the text.