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Groundwater Study of the Boddington Townsite Research Library Resource management technical reports Natural resources research 2005 Groundwater study of the Boddington townsite Gregory Paul Raper Follow this and additional works at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/rmtr Part of the Agriculture Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Soil Science Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons Recommended Citation Raper, G P. (2005), Groundwater study of the Boddington townsite. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia, Perth. Report 252. This report is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural resources research at Research Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Resource management technical reports by an authorized administrator of Research Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISSN 1039-7205 Resource Management Technical Report 252 Groundwater study of the Boddington townsite G.P. Raper March 2005 BODDINGTON GROUNDWATER STUDY Disclaimer The contents of this report were based on the best available information at the time of publication. It is based in part on various assumptions and predictions. Conditions may change over time and conclusions should be interpreted in the light of the latest information available. For further information contact Mr Mark Pridham Rural Towns Program Manager Department of Agriculture Locked Bag 4 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6953 Telephone (08) 9368 3333 State of Western Australia 2005 2 BODDINGTON GROUNDWATER STUDY Summary A study of the groundwater beneath the Boddington townsite was carried out in April 2002. The aim was to access the salinity risk to the townsite infrastructure and to accelerate the implementation of effective salinity management for the town. The study consisted of field reconnaissance, a drilling program, expansion of a groundwater-monitoring network installed in March 2001, and groundwater monitoring. Thirty-one piezometers were installed at 14 sites. Depth to bedrock at the drill sites ranged from 7.9 to 63.0 m and the elevation of the bedrock surface ranged from 147 m above Australian Height Datum (AHD) to 219 m AHD. This study showed that most of the Boddington townsite sits over quartz-rich weathered granitic rocks. This contributes to the high yields of water (up to 2.0 L/s) observed in several piezometers drilled in the town. The study found that groundwater levels were 4 to 5 m deep under the central business district and that groundwater levels are not rising at significant rates, suggesting that this area of town is not at risk from salinity. Groundwater pressures were above ground level adjacent to two watercourses in Boddington and the surrounding areas already exhibit signs of degradation resulting from salinity and waterlogging. Soil salinisation on the school sports ground is a consequence of poor vertical drainage and the use of brackish irrigation water, not a consequence of the local groundwater system approaching the surface. Groundwater salinities in Boddington range from fresh to saline but do not exceed 11,000 mg/L (2,000 mS/m). Recommendations for managing the salinity risk to infrastructure in Boddington are to: 1. Investigate the development of the potential groundwater resource under the north-western portion of the school sports ground, to replace the bore currently used to irrigate the school and shire sports grounds. 2. Install additional shallow subsurface drains under the school sports ground and investigate the possibility of installing similar drains under the area to the east of the school buildings. 3. Revegetate watercourses and public open space to minimise the impacts of shallow groundwater in areas adjacent to natural drainage lines that run through the townsite. 4. Continue to monitor groundwater levels throughout the townsite. Commence monitoring the condition of the drainage line and vegetation in the vicinity of Johnstone Street. 5. Implement water conservation and recharge reduction measures in the Boddington townsite. 3 BODDINGTON GROUNDWATER STUDY Contents 1. Introduction and background .................................................................................. 5 1.1 The town of Boddington.......................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Description of the Boddington Catchment .............................................................................. 5 1.3 Geology .................................................................................................................................. 8 1.4 Climate ................................................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Hydrogeology ........................................................................................................................ 10 1.6 Natural drainage ................................................................................................................... 10 1.7 Town water supply and disposal .......................................................................................... 11 1.8 Existing evidence of salinisation ........................................................................................... 12 2. Hydrogeological investigation .............................................................................. 13 2.1 Previous investigations ......................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 14 2.3 Results.................................................................................................................................. 17 2.4 Interpretation and discussion of results ............................................................................... 26 3. Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 33 4. Recommendations ................................................................................................. 34 4.1 Boddington school site ......................................................................................................... 34 4.2 Soil salinity adjacent to drainage lines .................................................................................. 34 4.3 Break of slope adjacent to Johnstone Street........................................................................ 35 4.4 Recharge reduction .............................................................................................................. 35 5. Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. 36 6. References .............................................................................................................. 37 Appendix 1. Glossary of terms ......................................................................................... 38 Appendix 2. Groundwater data collected by Boddington Gold Mine Staff .................... 39 Appendix 3. Descriptive bore logs ................................................................................... 41 Appendix 4. Bore hydrographs ......................................................................................... 55 4 BODDINGTON GROUNDWATER STUDY 1. Introduction and background The Rural Towns Program undertook a groundwater study of the Boddington townsite in 2002. It was part of a larger investigation, called the Community Bores Project, which covered nine towns. The aim was to accelerate the implementation of effective salinity management options in the towns. This study consisted of a review of existing relevant hydrological information, field reconnaissance, drilling to expand the existing piezometer network, and initial monitoring of groundwater levels in the town. This report documents background information for the town and its catchment (Section 1), the hydrogeological investigations (Section 2), conclusions (Section 3) and recommendations for effectively managing the town's salinity risk (Section 4). 1.1 The town of Boddington Boddington is located approximately 120 km south south-east of Perth. It sits on the west of the Darling Plateau, about 50 km east of the Darling Fault (see Figure 1.1). The area was settled in the mid-1860s and the town was gazetted in 1912 to service the local timber industry. The Boddington area currently supports farming industries ranging from sheep and beef to cereal cropping plus less traditional enterprises such as agroforestry, viticulture and marron farming. Mining is also important to the local economy. Bauxite mining commenced in the area in 1979 and the Boddington Gold Mine was establishment in 1986. The gold mine was closed in November 2001 and is currently on a maintenance program. The Shire of Boddington estimated the population of the town to be 1,000 in 2001. Approximately 700 people are employed within the townsite. 1.2 Description of the Boddington Catchment Boddington sits on the banks of the Hotham River at approximately 210 m AHD (Australian Height Datum). The catchment of the Hotham River above Boddington is about 3,900 km2. The Hotham joins the Williams River 25 km south-south-west of Boddington and drains to Peel Harvey Inlet via the Murray River. The catchment for surface water entering the Hotham River at Boddington covers 1,200 ha and extends 4.2 km south
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