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Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Sulawesi Island, Eastern Indonesia

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Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Sulawesi Island, Eastern Indonesia Herpetologica, 64(2), 2008, 224–234 E 2008 by The Herpetologists’ League, Inc. A NEW SPECIES OF BENT-TOE GECKO (GEKKONIDAE: CYRTODACTYLUS) FROM SULAWESI ISLAND, EASTERN INDONESIA 1,6 2 3 CHARLES W. LINKEM ,JIMMY A. MCGUIRE ,CHRISTOPHER J. HAYDEN ,MOHAMMED IQBAL 4 5 1 SETIADI ,DAVID P. BICKFORD , AND RAFE M. BROWN 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Dyche Hall, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA 2Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3Museum of Natural Science, 119 Foster Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA 4McMaster University, 1280 Main St., West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada 5Conservation Ecology Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Block S2 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 ABSTRACT: A new species of Cyrtodactylus is described from Lore-Lindu National Park, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. It is distinguished from all other Cyrtodactylus by a unique suite of scalation characters and a distinctive color pattern. The new species is the fourth Cyrtodactylus known from the island of Sulawesi and one of two new species found in 2004. These recent discoveries suggest that the diversity of the herpetofauna in Wallacea, a poorly studied biological ‘‘hotspot,’’ may be far richer than previously thought. Key words: Cyrtodactylus; Gekkonidae; Indonesia; Lore-Lindu National Park; New species; Southeast Asia; Squamata; Sulawesi THE GENUS Cyrtodactylus contains 95 de- the southwestern peninsula of Sulawesi. scribed species distributed throughout the Herein we describe a fourth species of Indo-Australian Archipelago westward to In- Cyrtodactylus from Sulawesi that differs dia (Bauer and Henle, 1994). Although many dramatically from all known congeners. species recently have been reassigned to other genera such as Tenuidactylus, Cyrtopodion, MATERIALS AND METHODS Nactus, and Geckoella (Golubev and Szczer- A herpetological biotic survey was conduct- bak, 1985; Kluge, 1983, 1991, 1993, 2001; ed on Sulawesi between September and Macey et al., 2000; Szczerbak and Golubev, December 2004. Specimens were tissued, 1984, 1986), the number of species currently preserved in 10% buffered formalin and or formerly in this genus continues to grow. transferred to 70% ethanol approximately New species have been recently described two months later. The following measure- from Myanmar (Bauer, 2002, 2003), Sri Lanka ments (after Bauer, 2002) were made on (Batuwita and Bahir, 2005), Malaysia (Gris- preserved specimens with dial calipers to the mer, 2005; Grismer and Leong, 2005; You- nearest 0.1 mm: snout–vent length (SVL); mans and Grismer, 2006), Thailand (Bauer et trunk length (TrunkL); crus length (CrusL); al., 2002, 2003; Pauwels et al., 2004), Vietnam tail length (TailL); tail width (TailW); head (Heidrich et al., 2007; Orlov et al., 2007; length (HL); head width (HW); head height Quang et al., 2007; Ziegler et al., 2002), and (HH); ear length (EarL); forearm length southern Laos (David et al., 2004). (ForeaL); orbit diameter (OrbD); nares to For the island of Sulawesi, Boulenger eye distance (NarEye); eye to ear distance (1897) and de Rooij (1915) listed three species (EyeEar); internarial distance (Internar); in- of Cyrtodactylus: C. fumosus, C. jellesmae, terorbital distance (InterOrb). Bauer’s (2002) and C. marmoratus. Based on overlap in pore snout to eye distance (SnEye) is referred to as characters, Brongersma (1934) synonomized rostrum length (RostL) to reflect the pre- C. fumosus with C. marmoratus thereby ferred definition of rostrum as the portion of reducing the number of species on the island the head anterior to the orbit. In contrast, to two. Hayden et al. (2008) recently de- snout length (SnL) is defined as the portion of scribed a third species of Cyrtodactylus from the head anterior to the nares. Sex was determined by gonadal inspection 6 CORRESPONDENCE: e-mail, [email protected] and scoring of prominent secondary sexual 224 June 2008] HERPETOLOGICA 225 FIG. 1.—Photo of holotype, MZB 7024, showing pattern and tail curling behavior. characteristics. We scored the following scale RESULTS counts following Grismer (2005): postmentals Cyrtodactylus spinosus sp. nov. (and their degree of medial contact); suprala- bials; infralabials; number of longitudinal Holotype.—MZB 7024 (BSI-FS 1694) tubercle rows; number of paravertebral tu- (Fig. 1, 2, 3), adult male, collected 8 Novem- bercles; number of ventral scales; number and ber 2004 at 19:35 h, from Indonesia: Sulawesi type of subdigital lamellae on fourth toe. Island: Sulawesi Tenggah Province: Kabupa- Additional scale counts in this manuscript are: ten Donggala: Kecematan Kulawi: Desa Ma- number of spines on ventrolateral fold, count taue: Lore-Lindu National Park (01.44883 S, of spines between fore- and hind limb along 119.99483 E) at 696 m. Collected by CJH, the ventrolateral fold; number of caudal RMB, JAM and CWL. annuli, count of annuli down length of tail. Paratopotypes.—MZB 7025–9 (BSI-FS For the recognition of the new species, we 1408–11) collected 3 November 2004: 7025 adopted the General Lineage Species Con- adult male, 7026–8 adult females, 7028 with cept of de Queiroz (1998, 1999) as the natural two eggs. Specimen MZB 7029 collected 6 extension of the Evolutionary Species Con- November 2004: adult male. All other data are cept (Wiley, 1978). Application of lineage- the same as for the holotype. based species concepts to island endemics is Diagnosis.—Cyrtodactylus spinosus is dis- straightforward because of the known history tinguished from all other Cyrtodactylus spe- of isolation of island populations (Brown and cies by the following characters: a row of Guttman, 2002; Brown and Diesmos, 2002). spines along ventrolateral body fold; six lateral We consider as new species morphologically rows of small, unkeeled body tubercles, with diagnosable forms for which the hypothesis of most ventral row intermixed with spines; two conspecificity can be rejected. spines on temporal region of head; 31 spine- Images of specimens were taken using a adorned annuli encircling original tail; tuber- copy stand and a manual-focus digital camera. cles on fore- and hind limbs; spines on Four images were taken at different focal postantefemoral portion of hind limb. Addi- lengths and then combined using the program tional characters distinguishing this species CombineZE to create one image with full include: proximal subdigital lamellae trans- depth of field. versely expanded; 19–21 subdigital lamellae 226 HERPETOLOGICA [Vol. 64, No. 2 FIG. 2.—Illustration of holotype features. (A) Dorsal view of head showing temporal spines, (B) lateral view of head, (C) ventral view of head showing complete separation of post-mentals, variable within the species. (D) Palmar surface of right pes showing differential size between proximal and distal subdigital lamellae. on toe IV; 38–44 mid body ventral scales; most tear-shaped, small (EarL/HL 0.05); eye-to-ear scales in femoral region small, granular; 7–12 distance slightly greater than diameter of eye. enlarged femoral series scales lacking pores; Rostral scale rectangular, width twice height, presence of pre-cloacal groove in males partially divided dorsally, bordered posteriorly (absent in females); presence of pre-cloacal by large left and right supranasals and two pores (12–13) in a chevron-shaped groove; small internasals; external nares bordered subcaudals not transversely expanded; three anteriorly by rostral, dorsally by large super- chevron-shaped dark bands on a grayish- nasal, posteriorly by three small postnasals, brown background. and ventrally by the first supralabial. Supra- Description of the holotype.—Adult male labials square, 11/12 extending to center of SVL 70.9 mm. Head moderately long (HL/ eye, first supralabial larger than remainder. SVL 0.3), wide (HW/HL 0.6), somewhat Infralabials 11/11 extending to posterior of depressed (HH/HL 0.3), distinct from neck, orbit; first five scales of series largest. Scales of and spade-shaped in dorsal profile; lores rostrum, lores, top of head, and occiput small weakly raised, prefrontal region concave, and granular; scales of occiput and top of head canthus rostralis rounded and granular; ros- with infrequent, large tubercles; spines pre- trum short (RostL/HL 0.4) and narrow in sent on temporals and gular regions. Dorsal dorsal profile. Eye large (OrbD/HL 0.3); pupil and ventral supraciliaries circular; mental vertical with crenulated margin. Ear opening triangular, bordered laterally by infralabials June 2008] HERPETOLOGICA 227 Forelimbs slender, relatively short (ForeL/ SVL 0.2); granular scales of forearm slightly larger than those of body; tubercles present; scales on palmar surface slightly elevated; digits well developed, inflected at basal interphalangeal joints; subdigital lamellae transversely expanded proximal to joint inflec- tions, digits narrow distal to joints; claws well developed, sheathed by dorsal and ventral scales; relative lengths of fingers: IV . III . II . V . I. Hind limbs more robust than forelimbs, moderately long (CrusL/SVL 0.2), covered dorsally with flat, granular scales interspersed with larger, raised tubercles; ventral scales of femora oval and larger than dorsals; ventral tibial scales granular, imbricate; nine enlarged scales in pore-bearing femoral series, lacking pits; scales on plantar surface oval, imbricate, elevated; toes well developed, inflected at basal interphalangeal joints; subdigital
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