Boendedok 2020 Manual För Intervjuformulären
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WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence
WHO Technical Report Series 1034 This report presents the recommendations of the forty-third Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD). The ECDD is responsible for the assessment of psychoactive substances for possible scheduling under the International Drug Control Conventions. The ECDD reviews the therapeutic usefulness, the liability for abuse and dependence, and the public health and social harm of each substance. The ECDD advises the Director-General of WHO to reschedule or to amend the scheduling status of a substance. The Director-General will, as appropriate, communicate the recommendations to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who will in turn communicate the advice to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs. This report summarizes the findings of the forty-third meeting at which the Committee reviewed 11 psychoactive substances: – 5-Methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT) WHO Expert Committee – 3-Fluorophenmetrazine (3-FPM) – 3-Methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) on Drug Dependence – Diphenidine – 2-Methoxydiphenidine (2-MeO-DIPHENIDINE) Forty-third report – Isotonitazene – MDMB-4en-PINACA – CUMYL-PEGACLONE – Flubromazolam – Clonazolam – Diclazepam The report also contains the critical review documents that informed recommendations made by the ECDD regarding international control of those substances. The World Health Organization was established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations serving as the directing and coordinating authority for international health matters and public health. One of WHO’s constitutional functions is to provide objective, reliable information and advice in the field of human health, a responsibility that it fulfils in part through its extensive programme of publications. The Organization seeks through its publications to support national health strategies and address the most pressing public health concerns of populations around the world. -
CAS Number Index
2334 CAS Number Index CAS # Page Name CAS # Page Name CAS # Page Name 50-00-0 905 Formaldehyde 56-81-5 967 Glycerol 61-90-5 1135 Leucine 50-02-2 596 Dexamethasone 56-85-9 963 Glutamine 62-44-2 1640 Phenacetin 50-06-6 1654 Phenobarbital 57-00-1 514 Creatine 62-46-4 1166 α-Lipoic acid 50-11-3 1288 Metharbital 57-22-7 2229 Vincristine 62-53-3 131 Aniline 50-12-4 1245 Mephenytoin 57-24-9 1950 Strychnine 62-73-7 626 Dichlorvos 50-23-7 1017 Hydrocortisone 57-27-2 1428 Morphine 63-05-8 127 Androstenedione 50-24-8 1739 Prednisolone 57-41-0 1672 Phenytoin 63-25-2 335 Carbaryl 50-29-3 569 DDT 57-42-1 1239 Meperidine 63-75-2 142 Arecoline 50-33-9 1666 Phenylbutazone 57-43-2 108 Amobarbital 64-04-0 1648 Phenethylamine 50-34-0 1770 Propantheline bromide 57-44-3 191 Barbital 64-13-1 1308 p-Methoxyamphetamine 50-35-1 2054 Thalidomide 57-47-6 1683 Physostigmine 64-17-5 784 Ethanol 50-36-2 497 Cocaine 57-53-4 1249 Meprobamate 64-18-6 909 Formic acid 50-37-3 1197 Lysergic acid diethylamide 57-55-6 1782 Propylene glycol 64-77-7 2104 Tolbutamide 50-44-2 1253 6-Mercaptopurine 57-66-9 1751 Probenecid 64-86-8 506 Colchicine 50-47-5 589 Desipramine 57-74-9 398 Chlordane 65-23-6 1802 Pyridoxine 50-48-6 103 Amitriptyline 57-92-1 1947 Streptomycin 65-29-2 931 Gallamine 50-49-7 1053 Imipramine 57-94-3 2179 Tubocurarine chloride 65-45-2 1888 Salicylamide 50-52-2 2071 Thioridazine 57-96-5 1966 Sulfinpyrazone 65-49-6 98 p-Aminosalicylic acid 50-53-3 426 Chlorpromazine 58-00-4 138 Apomorphine 66-76-2 632 Dicumarol 50-55-5 1841 Reserpine 58-05-9 1136 Leucovorin 66-79-5 -
Clinical Trial of the Neuroprotectant Clomethiazole in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery a Randomized Controlled Trial Robert S
Anesthesiology 2002; 97:585–91 © 2002 American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. Clinical Trial of the Neuroprotectant Clomethiazole in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery A Randomized Controlled Trial Robert S. Kong, F.R.C.A.,* John Butterworth, M.D.,† Wynne Aveling, F.R.C.A.,‡ David A. Stump, M.D.,† Michael J. G. Harrison, F.R.C.P.,§ John Hammon, M.D.,ʈ Jan Stygall, M.Sc.,# Kashemi D. Rorie, Ph.D.,** Stanton P. Newman, D.Phil.†† Background: The neuroprotective property of clomethiazole THE efficacy of coronary artery bypass surgery in the has been demonstrated in several animal models of global and relief of angina and in some circumstances in enhancing Downloaded from http://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article-pdf/97/3/585/335909/0000542-200209000-00011.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 focal brain ischemia. In this study the authors investigated the life expectation is now accepted. It is a tribute to the low effect of clomethiazole on cerebral outcome in patients under- mortality of the procedure that interest is now focused going coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: Two hundred forty-five patients scheduled for on the neurologic and neuropsychological complica- 1–3 coronary artery bypass surgery were recruited at two centers tions. Adverse neurologic outcomes have been found and prospectively randomized to clomethiazole edisilate to occur in 2–6% of patients and neuropsychological (0.8%), 225 ml (1.8 mg) loading dose followed by a maintenance deficits in 10–30%.4–6 These complications are consid- dose of 100 ml/h (0.8 mg/h) during surgery, or 0.9% NaCl ered to be ischemic in nature, being a consequence of (placebo) in a double-blind trial. -
A Retrospective Comparison of Inappropriate Prescribing Of
Schjøtt and Aßmus BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making (2019) 19:102 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0821-0 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access A retrospective comparison of inappropriate prescribing of psychotropics in three Norwegian nursing homes in 2000 and 2016 with prescribing quality indicators Jan Schjøtt1,2* and Jörg Aßmus3 Abstract Background: Inappropriate prescribing of psychotropics is a persistent and prevalent problem in nursing homes. The present study compared inappropriate prescribing of psychotropics in nursing homes 16 years apart with prescribing quality indicators. The purpose was to identify any change in inappropriate prescribing of relevance for medical informatics. Methods: Three Norwegian nursing homes were audited in 2000 and 2016 with regard to prescribing quality. Psychotropics among 386 patients in 2000, and 416 patients in 2016, included combinations of antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics-hypnotics, and antiepileptics. Prescribing quality indicators included psychotropic polypharmacy (defined as concurrent use of three or more psychotropics) and potential inappropriate psychotropic substances or combinations. Furthermore, potential clinically relevant psychotropic interactions were classified as pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic using an interaction database. The first ranked (most important) interaction in each patient was selected with the following importance of categories in the database; recommended action > documentation > severity. Three levels (from low to high) within each category were used for ranking. Results: From 2000 to 2016, psychotropic polypharmacy increased from 6.2 to 29.6%, potential inappropriate psychotropic substances was reduced from 17.9 to 11.3% and potential inappropriate psychotropic combinations increased from 7.8 to 27.9%. Changes in polypharmacy and combinations were predominantly associated with prescribing of anxiolytics-hypnotics. -
Pharmacological Treatments in Insomnia
Pharmacological treatments in insomnia Sue Wilson Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London Drugs used in insomnia Licensed for insomnia •GABA-A positive allosteric modulators •melatonin (modified release) •promethazine •diphenhydramine •doxepin (USA) Unlicensed prescribed frequently •antihistamines (and OTC) •antidepressants Sometimes prescribed drugs for psychosis Some GABA-A positive allosteric modulators Drugs acting at the GABA-A benzodiazepine receptor zopiclone zolpidem zaleplon benzodiazepines eg temazepam, lorazepam (safe in overdose, as long as no other drug involved) Drugs acting at the barbiturate/alcohol receptor chloral hydrate/chloral betaine clomethiazole (dangerous in overdose) GABA calms the brain Gamma aminobutyic acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It plays the principal role in reducing neuronal excitability and its receptors are prolific throughout the brain, in cortex, limbic system, thalamus and cerebellum sedative Increase anticonvulsant GABA anxiolytic function ataxia, memory effects Effects of GABA-A positive allosteric modulators •These drugs enhance the effect of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain •They all produce sedation, sleep promotion, ataxia, muscle relaxation, effects on memory, anticonvulsant effects •Therefore for insomnia the duration of action of the drug is important – these effects are unwanted during the day Effects of these GABA-ergic drugs on sleep EEG/PSG • Appearance of -
Assessment Report
12 October 2017 EMA/833636/2017 Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) Assessment report Referral under Article 29(4) of Directive 2001/83/EC Alcover (granules in sachet) and associated names INN: Sodium oxybate Procedure number: EMEA/H/A-29(4)/1451 Note: Assessment report as adopted by the CHMP with all information of a commercially confidential nature deleted. 30 Churchill Place ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 5EU ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 3660 6000 Facsimile +44 (0)20 3660 5555 Send a question via our website www.ema.europa.eu/contact An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2018. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Table of contents 1. Background Information ......................................................................... 3 2. Scientific discussion ................................................................................ 3 2.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 3 2.2. Assessment of the issues raised as a potential serious risk to public health............... 4 3. Benefit-risk assessment ........................................................................ 11 3.1. 3.1 Initial benefit-risk balance assessment ......................................................... 11 3.2. 3.2 Re-examination procedure .......................................................................... 13 3.2.1. CHMP discussion on grounds for re-examination ................................................. -
Uniform Classification Guidelines for Foreign Substances and Recommended Penalties Model Rule
DRUG TESTING STANDARDS AND PRACTICES PROGRAM. Uniform Classification Guidelines for Foreign Substances And Recommended Penalties Model Rule. January, 2018 (V.13.4) Ó ASSOCIATION OF RACING COMMISSIONERS INTERNATIONAL – 2018. Association of Racing Commissioners International 1510 Newtown Pike, Lexington, Kentucky, United States www.arci.com Page 1 of 61 Preamble to the Uniform Classification Guidelines of Foreign Substances The Preamble to the Uniform Classification Guidelines was approved by the RCI Drug Testing and Quality Assurance Program Committee (now the Drug Testing Standards and Practices Program Committee) on August 26, 1991. Minor revisions to the Preamble were made by the Drug Classification subcommittee (now the Veterinary Pharmacologists Subcommittee) on September 3, 1991. "The Uniform Classification Guidelines printed on the following pages are intended to assist stewards, hearing officers and racing commissioners in evaluating the seriousness of alleged violations of medication and prohibited substance rules in racing jurisdictions. Practicing equine veterinarians, state veterinarians, and equine pharmacologists are available and should be consulted to explain the pharmacological effects of the drugs listed in each class prior to any decisions with respect to penalities to be imposed. The ranking of drugs is based on their pharmacology, their ability to influence the outcome of a race, whether or not they have legitimate therapeutic uses in the racing horse, or other evidence that they may be used improperly. These classes of drugs are intended only as guidelines and should be employed only to assist persons adjudicating facts and opinions in understanding the seriousness of the alleged offenses. The facts of each case are always different and there may be mitigating circumstances which should always be considered. -
1 'New/Designer Benzodiazepines'
1 ‘New/Designer Benzodiazepines’: an analysis of the literature and psychonauts’ trip reports 2 Laura Orsolini*1,2,3, John M. Corkery1, Stefania Chiappini1, Amira Guirguis1, Alessandro Vento4,5,6,7, 3 Domenico De Berardis3,8,9, Duccio Papanti1, and Fabrizio Schifano1 4 5 1 Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical 6 Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, Herts, UK. 7 2 Neomesia Mental Health, Villa Jolanda Hospital, Jesi, Italy. 8 3 Polyedra, Teramo, Italy. 9 4 NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University – Rome, School of 10 Medicine and Psychology; Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy 11 5 School of psychology - G. Marconi Telematic University, Rome, Italy 12 6 Addictions Observatory (ODDPSS), Rome, Italy 13 7 Mental Health Department - ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy 14 8 Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Chair of Psychiatry, University of “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti, 15 Italy. 16 9 NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “G. Mazzini”, ASL 4 17 Teramo, Italy. 18 19 Corresponding author: 20 Laura Orsolini, Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life 21 and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, Herts, UK; Villa Jolanda Hospital, Neomesia 22 Mental Health, Villa Jolanda, Italy; Polyedra, Teramo, Italy; E-mail address: [email protected]. Tel.: (+39) 392 23 3244643. 24 25 Conflicts of Interest 26 The authors declare that this research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships 27 that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. -
Förordning Om Ändring I Förordningen (1992:1554) Om Kontroll Av Narkotika;
Príloha 11 k rozhodnutiu švédskych úradov vlády 22. februára 2018 § 79 1. ------IND- 2018 0079 S-- SK- ------ 20180302 --- --- PROJET Zbierka zákonov Švédska SFS Published on issued on 1 March 2018. The government hereby lays down1 that Annex 1 to the Ordinance (1992:1554) on the control of narcotic drugs2 shall read as set out below. This ordinance shall enter into force on 10 April 2018. On behalf of the Government ANNIKA STRANDHÄLL Lars Hedengran (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs) 1 See Directive (EU) 2015/1535 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical regulations and of rules on Information Society services. 2 Ordinance reprinted as 1993:784. 1 SFS Annex 13 List of substances to be considered narcotic drugs according to the Narcotic Drugs Punishments Act Stimulants of the central nervous system ethylamphetamine (2-ethylamino-1-phenylpropane) fenethylline [1-phenyl-1-piperidyl-(2)-methyl]acetate 1-phenyl-2-butylamine N-hydroxyamphetamine propylhexedrine 4-methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA) modafinil 4-methoxy-N-methylamphetamine (PMMA, 4-MMA) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7) 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-I) 2,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-2) 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) 4-fluoramphetamine 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-one (methedrone) 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (MDPV) 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)butan-1-one -
Bioanalytical Studies of Designer Benzodiazepines
From DEPARTMENT OF LABORATORY MEDICINE Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden BIOANALYTICAL STUDIES OF DESIGNER BENZODIAZEPINES Madeleine Pettersson Bergstrand Stockholm 2018 All previously published papers were reproduced with permission from the publisher. Published by Karolinska Institutet. Printed by Eprint AB © Madeleine Pettersson Bergstrand, 2018 ISBN 978-91-7831-063-0 Front page illustration: Sandra Eriksson Bioanalytical studies of designer benzodiazepines THESIS FOR DOCTORAL DEGREE (Ph.D.) The thesis will be defended at 4X, Alfred Nobels allé 8, Huddinge Friday, May 25, 2018 at 09.00 a.m. By Madeleine Pettersson Bergstrand Principal Supervisor: Opponent: Prof. Anders Helander Ass. Prof. Elisabeth Leere Øiestad Karolinska Institutet Oslo University Hospital Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Forensic Sciences Division of Clinical Chemistry Clinic for Laboratory medicine Co-supervisor: Examination Board: Prof. Olof Beck Prof. Åsa Emmer Karolinska Institutet KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Chemistry Division of Clinical Pharmacology Division of Applied Physical Chemistry Docent Stefan Borg Karolinska Institutet Department of Clinical Neuroscience Docent Pierre Lafolie Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Epidemiology ABSTRACT The fast appearance of benzodiazepine analogues, referred to as new psychoactive substance (NPS) or designer benzodiazepines, requires the continuous update of detection methods in order to keep up with the latest drugs on the recreational drug market. Moreover, as usually only limited information on toxicity and excretion patterns of these new drugs exists, this needs to be evaluated to report on adverse effects and to determine suitable targets for drug testing. Urine drug testing usually involves screening using immunoassay followed by confirmation of positive screening results using mass spectrometric (MS) methods. -
Tert-Butanol)
EPA/635/R-13/107 Preliminary Materials www.epa.gov/iris Preliminary Materials for the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Toxicological Review of tert-Butyl Alcohol (tert-Butanol) [CASRN 75-65-0] July 2013 NOTICE This document is comprised of preliminary materials, consisting of a literature search strategy, evidence tables, and exposure-response arrays. This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. It is being circulated for review of its technical accuracy and science policy implications. National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Preliminary Materials for the IRIS Toxicological Review of tert-Butanol DISCLAIMER This document is comprised of preliminary materials for review purposes only. This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This document is a draft for review purposes only and does not constitute Agency policy. ii DRAFT—DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Preliminary Materials for the IRIS Toxicological Review of tert-Butanol CONTENTS PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................................ v 1. DRAFT LITERATURE SEARCH STRATEGY .............................................................................................. 1-1 1.1. Literature Search and Screening Strategy for tert-Butanol .......................................................... 1-1 1.2. -
Identification of the Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Involved in the Oxidative
RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of trantinterol Cite this: RSC Adv.,2018,8, 34764 using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry† Kunjie Li, Xingjie Guo, Feng Qin, Zhili Xiong, Longshan Zhao * and Jia Yu * Trantinterol is a novel b2-adrenoceptor agonist used for the treatment of asthma. This study aimed to identify the cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for the metabolism of trantinterol to form 4-hydroxylamine trantinterol (M1) and tert-butyl hydroxylated trantinterol (M2), which was achieved using the chemical inhibition study, followed by the metabolism study of trantinterol in a panel of recombinant CYPs, as well as the kinetic study with the appropriate cDNA-expressed P450 enzymes. A highly selective and sensitive ultra high-performance Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of M1 and M2. The inhibition study suggested that CYP2C19 and CYP3A4/5 were involved in the formation of M1 and M2, and CYP2D6 only contributed to the formation of M1. Assays with cDNA- expressed CYP enzymes further showed that the relative contributions of P450 isoforms were 2C19 > 3A4 > 2D6 > 2E1 for the formation of M1, and 3A4 > 2C19 > 2D6 for the formation of M2. The enzyme kinetic analysis was then performed in CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The kinetic parameters were determined and normalized with respect to the human hepatic microsomal P450 isoform concentrations. All the results Received 23rd July 2018 support the conclusion that CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 are the major enzymes responsible for formation of M1 Accepted 4th October 2018 and M2, while CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 also engaged to a lesser degree.