DOCSLIB.ORG

Climate Change Consequences for Reproductive Success and Plant Community Composition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Climate Change Consequences for Reproductive Success and Plant Community Composition High-Arctic phenology shifts: climate change consequences for reproductive success and plant community composition Zoe Panchen W. Garfield Weston Postdoctoral Fellow in Northern Research Phenology shifts due to climate change Phenology Willow (Day of Year green-up (DOY)) Arnica flower Year Temperature (°C) Tundra green-up, flowering and fruiting Cotton-grass fruit generally getting earlier as climate warms Phenology responses differ Flowering Time Fruiting Time Mountain avens flowering Mountain avens fruiting 3.6 days/decade earlier 5.8 days/decade earlier (-2.3 days/°C) (-3.4 days/°C) Purple saxifrage flowering no significant change (-1.8 days/°C) 5yr rolling average rolling 5yr Peak fruiting DOY fruiting Peak 5yr rolling average rolling 5yr Peak flowering DOY flowering Peak Purple saxifrage fruiting no significant change (0 days/°C) • Differences among species • Differences among phenological events of same species Panchen & Gorelick (2015) Arctic plant reproductive success With warmer Arctic temperatures … • greater germination • more viable seed Silene acaulis Moss campion Müller et al. (2011) Plant community composition changes With warmer Arctic temperatures … • change in Arctic plant community composition • Arctic shrub-ification 1966: Siberian tundra 2009: Siberian tundra Phenology – reproductive success - plant community structure What is the relationship between • Flowering times and reproductive success? • Phenology-reproductive success and species composition and abundance changes? Expect shift towards greater proportion of species that benefit most from climate change. Salix Dryas Poa Papaver Oxyria Pedicularis arctica integrifolia glauca radicatum digyna hirsuta Arctic Mountain Glaucous Arctic Mountain Hairy Willow Avens Bluegrass Poppy Sorrel Lousewort Alexandra Fiord Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island (79°N) Open top chambers (OTC), Alexandra Fiord Phenology, reproductive success & plant community composition Warmed vs control plots Seed germination Point frame counts Phenology Reproductive Community success structure • flowering times • seed quantity • composition • green-up times • seed weight • abundance • fruiting times • seed viability Seed quantity Mountain Avens Mountain Sorrel Hairy Lousewort Arctic Willow Arctic Poppy (Dryas) (Oxyria) (Pedicularis) (Salix) (Papaver) Seed count per plant • Dryas: More seeds in warmed versus control plots • Oxyria and Pedicularis: No difference in warmed versus control plots • Salix and Papaver: Fewer seeds in warmed versus control plots Seed weight Mtn Avens Mtn Sorrel Lousewort Willow Poppy (Dryas) (Oxyria) (Pedicularis) (Salix) (Papaver) Mean seed weight (mg) Plants in warmed plots produce heavier seeds Except Poppy Seed viability Arctic Willow (Salix) Mountain Avens (Dryas) % germination R2=0.51, N=108, P<.0001 R2=0.73, N=166, P<.0001 Mountain Sorrel (Oxyria) Arctic Poppy (Papaver) % germination R2=0.04, N=70, P=.0774 R2=0.24, N=19, P=.0317 Mean seed weight (mg) Mean seed weight (mg) Heavier seeds = greater germination Phenology - reproductive success Hairy lousewort Mountain sorrel Mean seed weight Mean seed weight (mg) (Pedicularis hirsuta) (Oxyria digyna) Mean seed weight (mg) Peak flower day of year Mature fruit day of year Earlier flowering/fruiting Heavier seeds Reproductive successSalix – species composition 80 warmed 70 Salix arctica % 60 Arctic willow germi- 50 nation 40 is 30 control “taking over” 20 10 Arctic Willow 0 Papaver 80 70 Papaver % radicatum germi- 60 Arctic poppy 50 nation control is 40 30 “now seen less 20 often in 10 warmed Arctic Poppy 0 warmed plots” Germination day Reproductive success – species composition % germi- nation MountainDryas Avens (Dryas) MountainOxyria Sorrel (Dryas) 80 80 control 70 70 60 60 warmed 50 50 40 40 30 warmed 30 20 20 10 control 10 0 0 Germination day Germination day Poa Pedicularis glauca Only seeds from hirsuta Only 1/3650 seeds warmed plots germinated! germinated • tetrazolium test +ve • germination conditions Glaucous Hairy not met Bluegrass Lousewort Seedling vigor Seedling weight (mg) WillowSalix (Salix) PoppyPapaver (Papaver) 0.9 0.18 0.8 0.16 0.7 0.14 0.6 0.12 0.5 0.10 0.4 0.08 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.02 0 0.00 GD03 GD05 GD08 GD10 GD12 GD15 GD17 GD19 GD12 GD15 GD17 GD19 GD22 GD24 GD26 Mountain OxyriaSorrel (Oxyria) MountainDryas Avens (Dryas) 2.5 1.6 1.4 2.0 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 GD03 GD05 GD08 GD10 GD12 GD15 GD17 GD19 GD22 GD24 GD26 GD03 GD05 GD08 GD10 GD12 GD15 GD17 GD19 GD22 GD24 GD26 Germination day Germination day Salix warmed plots seedlings more vigorous Earlier germinating Salix seeds are more vigorous In warmed plots… Salix Papaver ↓ # seeds ↓ # seeds ↑ seed weight ↓ seed weight ↑ germination ↓ germination Arctic Arctic ↓ seedling vigor Willow ↑ seedling vigor Poppy Oxyria ~= # seeds Dryas ↑ # seeds ↑ seed weight ↑ seed weight ↓ germination ↑ germination Mountain ↑ seedling vigor Mountain ?↑seedling vigor Sorrel Avens % germination over the years Arctic Willow (Salix) Mountain Avens (Dryas) Mean % germination R2=0.39, N=280, P<0.0001 R2=0.30, N=323, P<0.0001 Mountain Sorrel (Oxyria) Arctic Poppy (Papaver) Mean % germination R2=0.51, N=113, P=0.0126 R2=0.45, N=105, P=0.8481 Preliminary analysis suggests … • Warmer temperatures appear to increase some reproductive success measures • Link between phenology, reproductive success and plant community composition/species abundance but ... further analysis required Salix Dryas Poa Papaver Oxyria Pedicularis arctica integrifolia glauca radicatum digyna hirsuta Arctic Mountain Glaucous Arctic Mountain Hairy Willow Avens Bluegrass Poppy Sorrel Lousewort Acknowledgements Greg Henry Esther Frei Elise Gallois Cassandra Elphinstone Sofie Agger Andrew Butt Hailey May Natalie Maslowski Isabel Hagen Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Is, Nunavut.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plateau Mountain Plant List
    Plateau ALBERTA WILDERNESS Mountain – Plant list ASSOCIATION Plants of Plateau Mountain Ecological Reserve (Plateau Mountain Ecological Reserve Management Plan – Alberta Environment) Alpine Anemone Anemone drummondii Drummond's Rock Cress Alpine Arnica Arnica angustifolia Drummond's Rush Alpine Bistort Polygonum viviparum Dwarf Birch Betula glandulosa Alpine Blue Grass Poa alpina Dwarf Bitter root Alpine Everlasting Antennaria sp. Dwarf Hawk's Beard Alpine Fleabane Erigeron pallens Dwarf Sawwort Saussurea nuda Alpine Forget-me not Myosotis alpestris Dwarf saw-wort Saussurea nuda Alpine Goldenrod Solidago multiradianta Dwarf Scouring-rush Equisetum scirpoides Alpine Hawkweed Early Blue Grass Alpine Milk-vetch Astragalus alpinus Early Blue Violet Viola adunca Alpine mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium beeringianum Early Cinquefoil Potertilla concinna Alpine Speedwell Veronica alpina Elephant's head Pedicularis groenlandica Alpine speedwell Veronica alpina Elephant's-head Lousewort Pedicualaris groenlandica Alpine Timothy Elgelmann Spruce Picea engelmanii American Vetch Entire-leaved Groundsel Androsace Androsace chamaejasme Everlasting Antennaria luzuloides Arctic Aster False Dandelion Agoseris aurantiaca Arctic Blue Glass Felwort Gentianela amarella Arctic Butterweed Few-flowered Milk-vetch Astragalus sp. Balsam Groundsel Few-seeded Whitlow-grass Draba oligosperma Balsam Poplar Populus balsamifera Field Chickweed Stellaria sp. Barratt's Willow Fireweed Locoweed Oxytropis sp. Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Flame-colored Lousewort Pedicularis
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Plant Propagation Protocol
    Plant Propagation Protocol for Oxyria digyna ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production Protocol URL: https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/OXDI3.pdf Images from google.com TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name Polygonaceae Common Name Buckwheat Species Scientific Name Scientific Name Oxyria digyna Varieties Sub-species Cultivar Common Rheum digynum Synonym(s) Common Name(s) Wood Sorrel, Alpine Sorrel, Alpine Mountainsorrel, Mountain-sorrel, Oxyrie de Montagne Species Code (as OXDI3 per USDA Plants database) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range See above map12 Ecological Grows in a wide range of areas, particularly in rocky areas and scree distribution slopes, in alpine and subalpine areas.5,6,10 Does well in disturbed sites11 with soils not too acidic, and moist but well drained. Can grow successfully in open areas with little to no shade, and often grows beneath bird nests due to the high nitrogen content of the soil.4 Climate and elevation range Local habitat and Subalpine forest or wetland riparian species2 abundance Plant strategy type / Produces small, wind dispersed seeds, making it a weed-like pioneer successional stage species, especially in disturbed sites.3 Tolerant of sun stress, but not of interspecies competition, particularly that of Ranunculus glacialis. Is able to germinate after being buried beneath snow.8 Has an intermediate tolerance for shade, a low tolerance for drought and anoxic conditions, and is adapted to coarse to medium soils. Seedlings spread slowly and are moderately vigorous, and the plant does not usually propagate vegetatively.12 Plant characteristics Oxyria digyna is a perennial herb which grows to approx. 2ft tall and 1ft wide.4 It is hairless, having a branching crown and several stems11 with swollen nodes8, and it is reddish tinged11.
    [Show full text]
  • Alpine Flora
    ALPINE FLORA -- PLACER GULCH Scientific and common names mostly conform to those given by John Kartesz at bonap.net/TDC FERNS & FERN ALLIES CYSTOPTERIDACEAE -- Bladder Fern Family Cystopteris fragilis Brittle Bladder Fern delicate feathery fronds hiding next to rocks and cliffs PTERIDACEAE -- Maidenhair Fern Family Cryptogramma acrostichoides American Rockbrake two different types of fronds; talus & rocky areas GYMNOSPERMS PINACEAE -- Pine Family Picea englemannii Englemann's Spruce ANGIOSPERMS -- MONOCOTS CYPERACEAE -- Sedge Family Carex haydeniana Hayden's Sedge very common alpine sedge; compact, dark, almost triangular inflorescence Eriophorum chamissonis Chamisso's Cotton-Grass Cottony head; no leaves on culm ALLIACEAE -- Onion Family Allium geyeri Geyer's Onion pinkish; onion smell LILIACEAE -- Lily Family Llyodia serotina Alp Lily white; small plant in alpine turf MELANTHIACEAE -- False Hellebore Family Anticlea elegans False Deathcamas greenish white; showy raceme above basal grass-like leaves Veratrum californicum Cornhusk Lily; CA False Hellebore greenish; huge lvs; huge plant; mostly subalpine ORCHIDACEAE -- Orchid Family Plantanthera aquilonis Green Bog Orchid greenish, in bracteate spike, spur about as long as or a bit shorter than lip POACEAE -- Grass Family Deschampsia caespitosa Tufted Hair Grass open inflorescence; thin, wiry leaves; 2 florets/spikelet; glumes longer than low floret Festuca brachyphylla ssp. coloradoensis Short-leaf Fescue dark; narrow inflorescence; thin, wiry leaves Phleum alpinum Mountain Timothy dark;
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Propagation Protocol for Dryas Octopetala L. ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production Protocol URL
    Plant Propagation Protocol for Dryas octopetala L. ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production Protocol URL: https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/DROC.pdf Spring 2015 Image1. Distribution Map of Dryas octopetala Image 2. Nevada Native Plant Society TAXONOMY Plant Family [3] Scientific Name Rosaceae Common Name Rose Family Species Scientific Name Scientific Name Dryas octopetala L. [3] Varieties * Dryas octopetala var. angustifolia C.L. Hitchc. [3] Dryas octopetala var. hookeriana (Juz) Hulten Sub-species Dryas octopetala f. argentea (Blytt) Hulten * Dryas octopetala subsp. alaskensis (Porsild) Hulten [3] Cultivar Common Synonym(s) Dradetum octopetalae Keiner Common Name(s) White mountain-avens, Eightpetal mountain-avens, Mountain dryas Species Code (as per USDA Plants DROC database) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Colorado Alpine regions in the Pacific Northwest N. Cascades, and Rocky Mountain ranges Ecological distribution Mid-montane to Alpine zone Climate and elevation range Elevation: 3,500 m [6] 100 m and less Climate: sites with low snow cover on calcareous or basic soils [6] Local habitat and abundance Full sun Dry, well-drained, sandy or gravelly soils Spreads rapidly [6] Dominant or co-dominant species within its range [6] Associated species: Dwarf willow Plant strategy type / successional Nitrogen fixer: forms association with Frankia [5] stage Colonizer of barren slopes at high elevations [5] Plant characteristics Forb/herb, Shrub, Subshrub Perrennial Forms mats up to 3 ft. wide and 8 in. tall. [1] 1 cream or white flower at the end of each 2-8 inch leafless flower stalk. [2] Flowers bloom June-July Summer fruits fluffy and feathery Seeds are wind-dispersed [7] Leaves are oval-shaped, leathery with rounded teeth and a white underside.
    [Show full text]
  • Polygonaceae of Alberta
    AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE POLYGONACEAE OF ALBERTA Compiled and writen by Lorna Allen & Linda Kershaw April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using informaton primarily from Moss (1983), Douglas et. al. (1999) and the Flora North America Associaton (2005). Taxonomy follows VAS- CAN (Brouillet, 2015). The main references are listed at the end of the key. Please let us know if there are ways in which the kay can be improved. The 2015 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2015) are noted in superscript (S1;S2;SU) afer the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotc species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious (X; XX; XXX) according to the Alberta Weed Control Act (2016). POLYGONACEAE Buckwheat Family 1a Key to Genera 01a Dwarf annual plants 1-4(10) cm tall; leaves paired or nearly so; tepals 3(4); stamens (1)3(5) .............Koenigia islandica S2 01b Plants not as above; tepals 4-5; stamens 3-8 ..................................02 02a Plants large, exotic, perennial herbs spreading by creeping rootstocks; fowering stems erect, hollow, 0.5-2(3) m tall; fowers with both ♂ and ♀ parts ............................03 02b Plants smaller, native or exotic, perennial or annual herbs, with or without creeping rootstocks; fowering stems usually <1 m tall; fowers either ♂ or ♀ (unisexual) or with both ♂ and ♀ parts .......................04 3a 03a Flowering stems forming dense colonies and with distinct joints (like bamboo
    [Show full text]
  • Apomixis Is Not Prevalent in Subnival to Nival Plants of the European Alps
    Annals of Botany 108: 381–390, 2011 doi:10.1093/aob/mcr142, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Apomixis is not prevalent in subnival to nival plants of the European Alps Elvira Ho¨randl1,*, Christoph Dobesˇ2, Jan Suda3,4, Petr Vı´t3,4, Toma´sˇ Urfus3,4, Eva M. Temsch1, Anne-Caroline Cosendai1, Johanna Wagner5 and Ursula Ladinig5 1Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria, 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, 3Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic, 4Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Pru˚honice, Czech Republic and 5Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria * For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 2 December 2010 Returned for revision: 14 January 2011 Accepted: 28 April 2011 Published electronically: 1 July 2011 † Background and Aims High alpine environments are characterized by short growing seasons, stochastic climatic conditions and fluctuating pollinator visits. These conditions are rather unfavourable for sexual reproduction of flowering plants. Apomixis, asexual reproduction via seed, provides reproductive assurance without the need of pollinators and potentially accelerates seed development. Therefore, apomixis is expected to provide selective advantages in high-alpine biota. Indeed, apomictic species occur frequently in the subalpine to alpine grassland zone of the European Alps, but the mode of reproduction of the subnival to nival flora was largely unknown. † Methods The mode of reproduction in 14 species belonging to seven families was investigated via flow cyto- metric seed screen.
    [Show full text]
  • Dryas Octopetala Subsp. Alaskensis: Potential for a Hardy, Novel Flower
    Dryas octopetala subsp. alaskensis: Potential for a Hardy, Novel Flower Eamon Spanier-Scanlon, Student of Plant Science University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 5/13/2019 Executive Summary Dryas octopetala, Mountain Avens, is a new sprawling variety of ground cover which may become available in northern climates near you. This extremely cold-tolerant plant will spread easily in your garden or within a larger pot with other plants. With petite white flowers blooming late in the spring, and placed gingerly upon thin red stalks, their beauty persists throughout the summer. This perennial ground cover will return year after year, regardless of the harshest winters. Purchase a few and watch as they creep around your yard, or simply buy one and propagate your own, with ease, through cuttings. The northern consumer may often feel left out by the lack of perennial flowering plants, but with this new species you can soon become the envy of your friends residing in the south. Minimal input is required for these beautiful white flowers to flourish in your domain. Pick up your own in a local floral retailer and fall in love over and over, each spring, as they bound back to life. I. Introduction A. Species The distribution of the genus Dryas is worldwide; they are often found in harsh areas such as arctic and tundra regions (Springer et al., 2019). Dryas octopetala is currently on the market as a decorative, flowering plant, although subsp. alaskensis is not. It can be purchased as a seed from multiple vendors, coming in such names as “Mountain Evans,” available through GeoSeed company (https://www.geoseed.com).
    [Show full text]
  • List of Plants for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve
    Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Plant Checklist DRAFT as of 29 November 2005 FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Equisetaceae (Horsetail Family) Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Present in Park Rare Native Field horsetail Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum Present in Park Unknown Native Scouring-rush Polypodiaceae (Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis Present in Park Uncommon Native Brittle bladderfern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Woodsia oregana Present in Park Uncommon Native Oregon woodsia Pteridaceae (Maidenhair Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Argyrochosma fendleri Present in Park Unknown Native Zigzag fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cheilanthes feei Present in Park Uncommon Native Slender lip fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cryptogramma acrostichoides Present in Park Unknown Native American rockbrake Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss Family) Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella densa Present in Park Rare Native Lesser spikemoss Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella weatherbiana Present in Park Unknown Native Weatherby's clubmoss CONIFERS Cupressaceae (Cypress family) Vascular Plant Pinales Cupressaceae Juniperus scopulorum Present in Park Unknown Native Rocky Mountain juniper Pinaceae (Pine Family) Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies concolor var. concolor Present in Park Rare Native White fir Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa Present
    [Show full text]
  • Central European Vegetation
    Plant Formations in the Central European BioProvince Peter Martin Rhind Central European Beech Woodlands Beech (Fagus sylvatica) woods form the natural climax over much of Central Europe where the soils are relatively dry and can extend well into the uplands in the more southern zones. In the north, however, around Sweden it is confined to the lowlands. Beech woodlands are often open with a poorly developed shrub layer, Characteristic ground layer species may include various helleborines such as Cephalanthera damasonium, C. longifolia and C. rubra and sedges such as Carex alba, whilst in others, grasses like Sesleria caerlea or Melica uniflora may predominate, but in some of the more acidic examples, Luzula luzuloides is likely to dominate. There are also a number of endemic ground layer species. For example, in Carpathian beech woods endemics such as Dentaria glandulosa (Brassicaceae), Symphytum cordata (Boraginaceae) and the fern Polystichum braunii (Dryopteridaceae) may be encountered. Fine examples of primeaval beech woods can be found in the limestone Alps of lower Austria including the famous ‘Rothwald’ on the southeastern slopes of Dürrentein near Lunz. These range in altitude from about 940-1480 m. Here the canopy is dominated by Fagus sylvatica together with Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies, Ulmus glabra, and on the more acidic soils by Abies alba. Typical shrubs include Daphne mezereum, Lonicera alpigena and Rubus hirtus. At ground level the herb layer is very rich supporting possibly up to a 100 species of vascular plants. Examples include Adenostyles alliariae, Asplenium viridis, Campanula scheuchzeri, Cardamine trifolia, Cicerbita alpina, Denteria enneaphyllos, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Galium austriacum, Homogyne alpina, Lycopodium annotinum, Mycelis muralis, Paris quadrifolia, Phyteuma spicata, Prenanthes purpurea, Senecio fuchsii, Valeriana tripteris, Veratrum album and the central European endemic Helliborus niger (Ranunculaceae).
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential Sensitivity to Climate Change of Selected Endangered and Important Natura 2000 Habitats and Plants from Bucegi Natural Park, Romania
    Sârbu A et al . (2020) Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48(1):456-479 DOI:10.15835/nbha48111756 Notulae Botanicae Horti AcademicPres Research Article Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca The potential sensitivity to climate change of selected endangered and important Natura 2000 Habitats and plants from Bucegi Natural Park, Romania Anca SÂRBU 1, Georg A. JANAUER 2*, Norbert EXLER 2, Ion SÂRBU 3, Paulina ANASTASIU 1,4 1University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany-Microbiology, 1-3 Intrarea Portocalelor, 060101Bucharest, Romania; [email protected] ; [email protected] 2University of Vienna, Department of Limnology and Biological Oceanography, 14 Althanstraße, 1090 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (*corresponding author); [email protected] 3University “Al. I. Cuza”, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 11 Bulevardul Carol I, 700506 Iaşi, Romania; [email protected] 4University of Bucharest, Botanic Garden “D. Brandza”, Şos. Cotroceni 32, Bucharest, Romania Abstract This study was carried out in the Bucegi Natural Park, a protected area of the Romanian Carpathians. It aims at documenting the potential sensitivity of six widespread Natura 2000 habitat types and of all plants with conservative value (200 taxa) in the mountain area, to the changes in temperature and humidity, predicted for this century. Regional expert knowledge and environmental indicator values were considered in assessing the potential habitat’s sensitivity. The results support the evidence that sensitivity to temperature may be potentially higher for habitats at alpine and subalpine levels (bushes and grasslands) and medium for forest habitats. Sensitivity to moisture was detected as potentially high for forest habitats and as medium for bushes and grasslands at high mountain elevation.
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeoenvironment in North-Western Romania During the Last 15,000 Years
    Palaeoenvironment in north-western Romania during the last 15,000 years Angelica Feurdean Dedicated to Ovidiu Feurdean Avhandling i Kvartärgeologi Thesis in Quaternary Geology No. 3 Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University 2004 1 ISBN 2 Palaeoenvironment in north-western Romania during the last 15,000 years by Angelica Feurdean Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm This thesis is based on work carried out as Ph.D. stu- Appendix III: Feurdean A. (in press). Holocene forest dent at the Department of Paleontology, Faculty of Biol- dynamics in north-western Romania. The Holocene. ogy and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania between Oct. 1998 and Sept. 2002 and later as Appendix IV: Feurdean A. & Bennike O. Late Quater- Ph.D. student in Quaternary Geology at the Department nary palaeocological and paleoclimatological reconstruc- of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, tion in the Gutaiului Mountains, NW Romania. Manu- Stockholm University 2002-2004. The thesis consists of script submitted to Journal of Quaternary Science. four papers and a synthesis. The four papers are listed below and presented in Appendices I-IV. Two of the pa- Fieldwork in Romania has been jointly performed with pers have been published (I, II), one is in press (III) and Barbara Wohlfarth and Leif Björkman (Preluca Tiganului, the fourth has been submitted (IV). The thesis summary Steregoiu, Izvoare) and with Bogdan Onac (Creasta presents an account of earlier pollenstratigraphic work Cocosului). I am responsible for the lithostratigraphic done in Romania and the discussion focuses on tree description of all sediment and peat cores, for sub-sam- dynamics during the Lateglacial and Holocene, based pling and laboratory preparation.
    [Show full text]
  • Northwest Plant Names and Symbols for Ecosystem Inventory and Analysis Fourth Edition
    USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-46 1976 NORTHWEST PLANT NAMES AND SYMBOLS FOR ECOSYSTEM INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS FOURTH EDITION PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE PORTLAND, OREGON This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Text errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. CONTENTS Page . INTRODUCTION TO FOURTH EDITION ....... 1 Features and Additions. ......... 1 Inquiries ................ 2 History of Plant Code Development .... 3 MASTER LIST OF SPECIES AND SYMBOLS ..... 5 Grasses.. ............... 7 Grasslike Plants. ............ 29 Forbs.. ................ 43 Shrubs. .................203 Trees. .................225 ABSTRACT LIST OF SYNONYMS ..............233 This paper is basicafly'an alpha code and name 1 isting of forest and rangeland grasses, sedges, LIST OF SOIL SURFACE ITEMS .........261 rushes, forbs, shrubs, and trees of Oregon, Wash- ington, and Idaho. The code expedites recording of vegetation inventory data and is especially useful to those processing their data by contem- porary computer systems. Editorial and secretarial personnel will find the name and authorship lists i ' to be handy desk references. KEYWORDS: Plant nomenclature, vegetation survey, I Oregon, Washington, Idaho. G. A. GARRISON and J. M. SKOVLIN are Assistant Director and Project Leader, respectively, of Paci fic Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; C. E. POULTON is Director, Range and Resource Ecology Applications of Earth Sate1 1 ite Corporation; and A. H. WINWARD is Professor of Range Management at Oregon State University . and a fifth letter also appears in those instances where a varietal name is appended to the genus and INTRODUCTION species. (3) Some genera symbols consist of four letters or less, e.g., ACER, AIM, GEUM, IRIS, POA, TO FOURTH EDITION RHUS, ROSA.
    [Show full text]