Rigmuir Wind Turbines, South Lanarkshire: Heritage Impact Assessment

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Rigmuir Wind Turbines, South Lanarkshire Heritage Impact Assessment

AOC Project Number: 25439 March 2021

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Rigmuir Wind Turbines, South Lanarkshire Heritage Impact Assessment

On Behalf of: CleanEarth Energy Unit 2A Trenant Industrial Estate Bess Park Road Wadebridge PL27 6HB

National Grid Reference (NGR): NS 66772 52128 (centre)

AOC Project No: 25439

Prepared by: Anne-Aymonne Marot

Illustration by: Anne-Aymonne Marot Date of Report: February 2021

This document has been prepared in accordance with AOC standard operating procedures.

Author: Anne-Aymonne Marot Date: March 2021

Approved by: Vicky Oleksy Date: March 2021

Draft/Final Report Stage: Draft Date: March 2021

Enquiries to: AOC Archaeology Group Edgefield Industrial Estate Edgefield Road Loanhead EH20 9SY

Tel. 0131 440 3593 Fax. 0131 440 3422 e-mail. [email protected]

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Contents

Page

List of Figures ...... 4 List of Plates ...... 4 List of appendices ...... 4 1. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ...... 5 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 6 1.1. Proposed Development Site...... 6 1.2. Topographical & Geological Conditions ...... 6 1.3. Development proposal ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.4. Government and local planning policies and guidance ...... 7 1.5. Planning considerations pertaining to the site ...... 9 1.6. Limitations of Scope ...... 11 2. OBJECTIVES ...... 11 3. METHODOLOGY ...... 11 3.1. Standards ...... 11 3.2. Data sources ...... 12 3.3. Report structure ...... 12 4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL EVIDENCE ...... 19 4.1. Undated ...... 19 4.2. Prehistoric (8000 BC-AD 43) ...... 19 4.3. Roman (AD 43-410) ...... 19 4.4. Early Historic and Medieval (AD 410-1600) ...... 20 4.5. Post-medieval (AD 1600-1900) ...... 21 4.6. Modern (AD post 1900) ...... 22 4.7. Previous Archaeological Investigations ...... 22 4.8. Aerial Photographs and Lidar ...... 23 4.9. Site Walkover ...... 23 5. DEVELOPMENT IMPACT AND MITIGATION ...... 24 5.1. Direct Impacts ...... 24 5.2. Setting Impacts ...... 24 5.3. Mitigation ...... 31 6. REFERENCES ...... 33 6.1. Bibliographic References ...... 33 6.2. Cartographic References ...... 34

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

List of Figures

Figure 1: Site location map Figure 2: Proposed Development Site and heritage assets Figure 3: Heritage assets within the 1km Study Area Figure 4: Designated assets within the Study Area and the ZTV Figure 5: Designated assets within Maxwelton Conservation Area Figure 6: Designated assets within East Kilbride Conservation Area Figure 7: Extract from Thomson’s map of 1832 Figure 8: Extract from Ordnance Survey Map, 1858 Figure 9: Extract from Ordnance Survey Map, 1946 Figure 10: Landfill area, exclusion zone

List of Plates

Plate 1: View from Proposed Development towards entrance Plate 2: View towards existing turbines to the north-west Plate 3: View from proposed location of Turbine 2 towards existing turbines to the west Plate 4: View from proposed location of Turbine 4 towards existing turbines to the west Plate 5: View towards East Kilbride from the location of Site 133 Plate 6: View north-east through central street of Maxwelton Conservation Area Plate 7: View west through East Kilbride Conservation Area Plate 8: View towards the Site from Site 2 Plate 9: View towards the Site from Site 16 Plate 10: View towards the Site from Site 25 Plate 11: View from south-west corner of ornamental garden Site 41 towards the Site Plate 12: View from south-west towards Site 48 Plate 13: View from south-west towards Torrence Group Plate 14: View from Torrence Group facing south-east towards the Site

List of appendices

Appendix 1: Assets excluded from further assessment Appendix 2: Site Gazetteer

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1. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY

1.1. AOC Archaeology Group was commissioned by CleanEarth Energy to undertake a Heritage Impact Assessment with regard to the proposed development of three wind turbines and their associated infrastructure at Rigmuir, South Lanarkshire. The proposed development site, hereafter referred to as “the Site”, lies within the local authority administrative area of South Lanarkshire Council. The proposed turbines will have hub heights of 82m and blade tip heights of 150m.

1.2. The assessment has not identified any activity within the Site prior to the Post Medieval period. Based on current evidence, the potential for archaeological remains dating to the Prehistoric, Roman, Early Medieval, and Medieval periods to be present on the Site is considered to be Low and would mostly consist of the remains associated with agricultural land use. A building annotated as ‘Rigmuirs’ dates to at least 1832, when it is shown within the Site on a map of that date. Later maps show a U-shaped cluster of building within an area of enclosed fields and unimproved pasture with occasional tree belts and several farms within the immediate vicinity, mainly to the west and south. On these maps, a road or track enters the Site from the north-west and continues south-east to the farmhouse (Site 133) and exits the Site at its north-east corner. The buildings at Rigmuir (Site 133) continued to be depicted on OS maps until at least 1989. Although no evidence of Site 133 was noted above ground during the walkover survey, it was upstanding until the late 20th century. The site of Rigmuir was subsequently used for landfill though the Proposed Development has been designed around this. As such, there is some limited potential for remains associated with Rigmuir to survive within the Site but this would likely be limited to evidence of track and agricultural activities. There is a potential that landfill operations caused localized ground disturbance in the area immediate surrounding the landfill; and so any such remains have the potential to have been disturbed.

1.3. In accordance with national and local planning policies on heritage, it is advised that the South Lanarkshire Council as advised on archaeological matters by WOSAS, may require further evaluation or archaeological mitigation at the Site to enable the identification, assessment and recording of any surviving remains in advance of the proposed works. In particular, an archaeological watching brief may be required on ground-breaking works. However, the scope of any such works would require to be agreed with South Lanarkshire Council, as advised by WOSAS. In the event that significant archaeological remains are encountered, further work, including excavation, post-excavation analysis and publication may be required.

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Proposed Development Site

1.1.1. The proposed development site for three wind turbines is located on land east of East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire and is hereafter referred to as “the Site”. The Site which is currently used as a capped landfill, is accessed from Strathaven Road, A726 to the south and is located within an agricultural setting between East Kilbride to the west and Hamilton to the east. A small windfarm of six turbines is located directly to the north. The Site centres on NGR: NS 66772 52128 (Figure 1).

1.2. Development proposal

1.2.1. CleanEarth Energy has commissioned AOC Archaeology Group to undertake a Heritage Impact Assessment to assess the archaeological and heritage implications of the proposed wind turbine development at Rigmuir, South Lanarkshire. The development proposes three wind turbines (Vensys 136 model) and associated infrastructure including a new access track that will extend north-east onto the Site from the A726. The proposed turbines will have hub heights of 82m and blade tip heights of 150m.

1.3. Topographical & Geological Conditions

1.3.1. The British Geological Survey GeoIndex (BGS 2021) records the bedrock across the Site as part of the Limestone Coal Formation - sedimentary rock cycles, Clackmann Group type. This is a sedimentary bedrock formed approximatley 328 to 329 million years ago in the Carboneferous Period and is indicative of a local environment previously dominated by swamps, estuaries and deltas.

1.3.2. The British Geological Survey map (BGS 2021) does not indicate a superficial deposit within the northern part of the Site at the proposed location of the turbines, but records the following three superficial deposits within the central and southern parts of the Site:

• Within the central part of the Site crossed by the access track, the BGS (2021) records a superficial geology formed of Alluvium, consisting of clay, silt, sand and gravel. These superficial deposits formed up to two million years ago during the Quaternary period which indicates a local environment previously dominated by rivers.

• The BGS (2021) also records a superficial geology of Till, Devension, consisting of Diamicton. These superficial deposits formed up to two million years ago in the Quaternary period which indicates a local environment dominated by ice age conditions.

• Mainly within the southern part of the Site, the BGS (2021) records a superficial geology of Peat formed up to three million years ago in the Quaternary period which indicates a local environment dominated by organic accumulation.

1.3.3. There are two boreholes recorded within the northern part of the Site dating to 1910. Borehole NS65SE36 is situated towards the centre of the proposed location of the turbines and borehole NS65SE37 slightly to the south- west along the line of the access track. Both boreholes identified coal below the surface clay.

1.3.4. The topography of the Site varies slightly across the Site with heights up to 214m AOD along the A726 and 203m AOD within the vicinity of Turbine 1.

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1.4. Government and local planning policies and guidance

National Planning Policy Guidelines

1.4.1. The statutory framework for heritage in Scotland is outlined in the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997, as amended in the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 and the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 both of which are modified by the Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2011.

1.4.2. The implications of these Acts with regard to local government planning policy are described within Scottish Planning Policy (SPP) (Scottish Government 2020), Historic Environment Policy for Scotland (HEPS) (Historic Environment Scotland (HES) 2019) and Planning Advice Notes (PAN) for Scotland. SPP, HEPS and PAN 2/2011 ‘Archaeology and Planning' (Scottish Government 2011) deal specifically with planning policy in relation to heritage. The planning guidance expresses a general presumption in favour of preserving heritage remains in situ. Their ‘preservation by record’ (i.e. through excavation and recording, followed by analysis and publication, by qualified archaeologists) is a less desirable alternative. SPP expresses the following policy principles:

1.4.3. “The planning system should:

promote the care and protection of the designated and non-designated historic environment (including individual assets, related settings and the wider cultural landscape) and its contribution to sense of place, cultural identity, social well-being, economic growth, civic participation and lifelong learning; and

enable positive change in the historic environment which is informed by a clear understanding of the importance of the heritage assets affected and ensure their future use. Change should be sensitively managed to avoid or minimise adverse impacts on the fabric and setting of the asset, and ensure that its special characteristics are protected, conserved or enhanced’ (Scottish Government 2020, Para 137).

1.4.4. HEPS (HES 2019) sets out the Scottish Government’s policy for the sustainable management of the historic environment. Key principles of the policy note that “Changes to specific assets and their context should be managed in a way that protects the historic environment[…]. If detrimental impact on the historic environment is unavoidable, it should be minimised. Steps should be taken to demonstrate that alternatives have been explored, and mitigation measures should be put in place” (HEP4).

Local Planning Policy – South Lanarkshire Council

1.4.5. The local development plan for South Lanarkshire is made up of the Glasgow and Clyde Valley Strategic Development Plan (SDP), the South Lanarkshire Minerals Plan and the South Lanarkshire Local Development Plan (SLLDP). The latter is supported by statutory supplementary guidance.

1.4.6. The Glasgow and Clyde Valley Strategic Development Plan (2017) is a high-level strategic document and does not specifically mention cultural heritage or archaeology but does respect the key policy principles set out in SPP.

The adopted South Lanarkshire Local Development Plan (2015a) contains the following overarching policies related to cultural heritage. Policy 15 of the 2015 SLLDP addresses the natural and historic environment, stating:

“The Council will assess all development proposals in terms of their effect on the character and amenity of the natural and built environment.”

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1.4.7. South Lanarkshire Council has adopted statutory supplementary guidance to support the policies in the Local Development Plan. Policies contained within the Supplementary Guidance 9 Natural and Historic Environment (2015b) are relevant to cultural heritage and this assessment and include:

Policy NHE2 Scheduled monuments and their setting

‘Scheduled monuments and other identified nationally important archaeological resources shall be preserved in situ and in an appropriate setting.

Developments which have an adverse effect on scheduled monuments or their setting shall not be permitted unless there are exceptional circumstances.’

Policy NHE3 Listed buildings

‘Development affecting a listed building or its setting shall, as a first principle, seek to preserve the building and its setting, and any features of special architectural interest which it has…’

Policy NHE4 Gardens and designed landscapes

‘Development affecting sites listed in the Inventory of Gardens Landscapes shall protect, preserve and, where appropriate, enhance such places and shall not significantly impact adversely upon their character, upon important views to, from and within them, or upon the site or setting of component features which contribute to their value…’

Policy NHE5 Historic battlefields

‘Any development affecting sites listed in the current Inventory of Historic Battlefields shall take cognizance of the battlefield and shall demonstrate how the development will protect, conserve or, where appropriate, enhance the key landscape characteristics and special qualities of the site.

Development which would affect these areas following the implementation of any mitigation measures will only be permitted where there is no significant adverse impact on the protected resource.’

Policy NHE6 Non-scheduled archaeological sites and monuments

‘All non-scheduled archaeological resources shall be preserved in situ wherever feasible. The Council will weigh the significance of any impact on archaeological resources and their settings against other merits of the development proposals in the determination of planning applications.

The developer may be requested to supply a report of an archaeological evaluation prior to determination of the planning application. Where the case for preservation does not prevail, the developer shall be required to make appropriate and satisfactory provision for archaeological excavation, recording, analysis and publication, in advance of development.’

Policy NHE7 Conservation Areas

‘Development and demolition within a conservation area or affecting its setting shall preserve or enhance its character and be consistent with any relevant conservation area appraisal or management plan that may have been prepared for the area…’

Emerging Policy

1.4.8. In April 2019, the South Lanarkshire Local Development Plan 2 and associated documents were submitted by the council for examination with intent to be adopted by early 2021. Policies contained within the Emerging Policy,

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Chapter 7, Natural and Historic Environment (2018, Volume 2) are relevant to cultural heritage and this assessment and include:

Policy NHE2 Archaeological Sites and Monuments

Scheduled Monuments and their Setting

‘Scheduled monuments and other identified nationally important archaeological resources shall be preserved in situ and in an appropriate setting.

Developments which have an adverse effect on scheduled monuments or the integrity of their setting shall not be permitted unless there are exceptional circumstances.’

Non-scheduled Archaeological Sites and Monuments

‘All non-scheduled archaeological resources shall be preserved in situ wherever feasible. The Council will weigh the significance of any impacts on archaeological resources and their settings against other merits of the development proposals in the determination of planning application.

Policy NHE3 Listed buildings

Policy NHE4 Gardens and Designed landscapes

‘Development affecting sites listed in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes shall protect, preserve and, where appropriate, enhance such places and shall not significantly impact adversely upon their character, upon important views to, from and within them, or upon the site or setting of component features which contribute to their value. […]’

Policy NHE5 Historic battlefields

‘Any development affecting sites listed in the current Inventory of Historic Battlefields shall take cognisance of the battlefield and shall demonstrate how the development will protect, conserve or, where appropriate, enhance the key landscape characteristics and special qualities of the site.

Development which would affect these areas following the implementation of any mitigation measures will only be permitted where there is no significant adverse impact on the protected resource.’

Policy NHE6 Conservation Areas

‘Development and demolition within a Conservation Area or affecting its setting shall preserve or enhance its character and be consistent with any relevant Conservation Area appraisal or management plan that may have been prepared for the area. […].’

1.5. Planning considerations pertaining to the site

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

1.5.1. The Local Planning Authority is advised on all archaeological matters by the West of Scotland Archaeology Service (WoSAS). Any requirement for archaeological work either preceding or during development will be determined by WoSAS acting as South Lanarkshire Council’s advisor on archaeological matters.

1.5.2. Category B and C Listed Buildings were considered up to a distance of within 5km where they fall within the Zone of Theoretical visibility. These include 20 Category B Listed Buildings (Sites 66-69, 71, 80-82, 87 and 88), 34 Category C Listed Buildings (Sites 90, 93, 95-97, 99-101, 120, 121, 124 and 125). Thirty Listed Buildings included within the 5km Study Area will be, for the purpose of this assessment, assessed as a group identified by the Conservation Areas (Sites 29 and 30) of which they are part. As such, the East Kilbride Conservation Area (Site 30) includes 10 Category B Listed Buildings (Sites 72-79, 83 and 84) and six Category C Listed Buildings (Sites 92, 98, 102 and 117- 119). The Maxwelton Conservation Area (Site 29) includes one Category B Listed Building (Site 62) and 13 Category C Listed Buildings (Sites 91, 105-116). Two non-statutory register (NSR) assets (Sites 156 and 157), within 5km of the Site, also lie within the ZTV and have been considered in this assessment.

1.5.3. Nationally important Scheduled Monuments, Inventory Garden and Designed Landscapes, Inventory Battlefields and Category A Listed Buildings were considered up to a distance of 10km where they fall within the Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV). Seven Scheduled Monuments (Sites 2, 8, 10, 16, 22, 23 and 25), one Inventory Battlefield (Site 158), two Inventory Garden and Designed Landscapes (Sites 27 and 159) and 18 Category A Listed Building (Sites 34, 36, 39-41, 46, 48-54, and 56-60) were identified within 10km of the Site and lie within the ZTV.

1.5.4. The setting of Listed Buildings is a competent planning matter; Section 14.2 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1997 states that when determining applications for development which could impact upon the setting of a Listed Building:

“…the planning authority or the Secretary of State, as the case may be, shall have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses”

1.5.5. Paragraph 141 of SPP (2020) notes the importance of preserving the setting of Listed Buildings, stating that:

”The layout, design, materials, scale, siting and use of any development which will affect a listed building or its setting should be appropriate to the character and appearance of the building and setting. Listed buildings should be protected from demolition or other work that would adversely affect it or its setting” (Scottish Government 2020).

1.5.6. With regard to Conservation Areas, Paragraph 143 of Scottish Planning Policy notes that:

“Proposals for development within conservation areas and proposals outwith which will impact on its appearance, character or setting, should preserve or enhance the character and appearance of the conservation area. Proposals that do not harm the character or appearance of the conservation area should be treated as preserving its character or appearance. [...]”

1.5.7. With regard to Scheduled Monuments, Paragraph 145 of Scottish Planning Policy notes that:

“Where there is potential for a proposed development to have an adverse effect on a scheduled monument or on the integrity of its setting, permission should only be granted where there are exceptional circumstances.”

1.5.8. With regard to the Inventory Gardens and Designed Landscapes, SPP (2020) makes the following statements:

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“Planning authorities should protect and, where appropriate, seek to enhance gardens and designed landscapes included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes and designed landscapes of regional and local importance” (Scottish Government 2020, Paragraph 148).

1.5.9. With regard to the Inventory of Historic Battlefields, SPP (2020) makes the following statements:

“Planning authorities should seek to protect, conserve and, where appropriate, enhance the key landscape characteristics and special qualities of sites in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields.” (Scottish Government 2020, Paragraph 149).

1.5.10. There are no World Heritage Sites within 10km of the Site.

1.6. Limitations of Scope

1.6.1. This assessment is based upon data obtained from publicly accessible archives as described in the Data Sources in Section 4.2. All heritage assets within 1km of the Site were identified. Designated heritage assets within 5km of the Site, were identified to allow for an assessment of the potential for impacts upon their setting. A 10km Study Area was used for the assessment of potential impacts on setting of designated heritage assets of national importance including: Scheduled Monuments; Category A Listed Buildings; Inventoried Gardens and Designed Landscapes and Inventoried Battlefields. Data from the National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) was obtained in October 2020. Historic Environment Record (HER) data was received from WoSAS in February 2021. The information presented in the gazetteer regarding known heritage assets is current to this date.

1.6.2. It should be noted that this report has been prepared under the express instructions and solely for the use of CleanEarth Energy and their partners. All the work carried out in this report is based upon AOC Archaeology Group’s professional knowledge and understanding of current (March 2021) and relevant United Kingdom and Scottish standards and codes, technology and legislation.

1.6.3. Changes in these areas may occur in the future and cause changes to the conclusions, advice or recommendations given. AOC Archaeology Group does not accept responsibility for advising CleanEarth Energy or associated parties of the facts or implications of any such changes in the future.

2. OBJECTIVES

2.1. The main objective of this assessment is to identify the archaeolological and cultural heritage value of the Site at Rigmuir, South Lanarkshire and to identify the potential for direct and setting impacts which may result as a consequence of the proposed development. The evidence presented and the conclusions offered will provide a comprehensive basis for further discussion and decisions regarding heritage constraints on the future development of the Site and for the formulation of a mitigation strategy, should this be required. This will be done by examining a variety of evidence for upstanding and buried remains of heritage interest including all heritage assets within 1km of the Site, designated assets and NSR assets within 5km of the Site and Nationally Important assets, including Scheduled Monuments, Category A Listed Buildings and Inventory sites within 10km.

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1. Standards

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3.1.1. The scope of this assessment meets the requirements of current planning regulations set out in SPP, HEPS and PAN2/2011, and local planning policy. Relevant statutory requirements, national, regional, and local guidance, including the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997, as amended in the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 and the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 both of which are modified by the Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2011, and regional and local planning policy have also been taken into consideration.

3.1.2. The assessment has been carried out in accordance with the following Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance documents: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment (CIfA 2017); Commissioning Work or Providing Consultancy Advice on the Historic Environment (CIfA 2014) and the Standard and Guidance for the Archaeological Investigation and Recording of Standing Buildings or Structures (CIfA 2019).

3.1.3. AOC Archaeology Group is a Registered Archaeological Organisation of the CIfA. This status ensures that there is regular monitoring and approval by external peers of our internal systems, standards and skills development.

3.1.4. AOC is ISO 9001:2015 accredited, in recognition of the Company’s Quality Management System.

3.2. Data sources

3.2.1. The following data sources were consulted during preparation of this Heritage Impact Assessment:

• Historic Environment Scotland:

For National Record of the Historic Environment data and designated asset data sets;

• West of Scotland Archaeology Service (WoSAS):

For Historic Environment Record data sets;

• National Map Library (National Library of Scotland, Causewayside, Edinburgh):

For old Ordnance Survey maps (1st & 2nd Edition, small- and large-scale) and pre-Ordnance Survey historical maps.

• National Collection of Aerial Photography:

For vertical and oblique aerial photographs

• Scottish Remote Sensing Portal:

For DSM and DTM LiDAR survey data

3.3. Report structure

3.3.1. Each heritage asset referred to in the text is listed in the Gazetteer in Appendix 2. Each has been assigned a 'Site No.' unique to this assessment, and the Gazetteer includes information regarding the type, period, grid reference, HER number, protective designation, and other descriptive information, as derived from the consulted sources.

3.3.2. Each heritage asset referred to in the text is plotted on the location maps (Figures 2-4) at the end of the report, using the assigned Site Nos. The Site is shown outlined in red.

3.3.3. All heritage assets located within a 1km radius of the Site have been included in the assessment. The aim of this is to help identify direct impacts upon known heritage assets and also predict whether any similar hitherto unknown archaeological remains may survive within the Site. Designated heritage assets within 5km of the redline boundary,

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and nationally important designated assets within 10km have been identified to allow for an assessment of the potential for impacts upon their setting.

3.3.4. All sources consulted during the assessment, including publications, archived records, photographic and cartographic evidence, are listed amongst the References in Section 7.

3.4. Impact assessment methodology

Setting

3.4.1. The Xi’an Declaration on the Conservation of the Setting of Heritage Structures, Sites and Areas adopted by the 15th General Assembly of ICOMOS in October 2005 (ICOMOS 2005) sets out the first internationally accepted definition of setting with regard to cultural heritage assets, indicating that setting is important where it forms part of or contributes to the significance of a heritage asset.

3.4.2. In June 2016, Historic Environment Scotland released a guidance document on setting as part of their Managing Change in the Historic Environment series of guidance notes. This document was updated in February 2020 and defines setting thus:

‘Setting’ is the way the surroundings of a historic asset or place contribute to how it is understood, appreciated and experienced

Monuments, buildings, gardens and settlements were almost always placed and orientated deliberately, normally with reference to the surrounding topography, resources, landscape and other structures. Over time, these relationships change, although aspects of earlier settings can be retained.

Setting can therefore not simply be defined by a line on a map and is likely to be unrelated to modern landownership or to curtilage, often extending beyond immediate property boundaries into the wider area.”

3.4.3. It also states (ibid, 6-7) that:

‘The setting of a historic asset can incorporate a range of factors, not all of which will apply to every case. These include:

current landscape or townscape context

views to, from and across or beyond the historic asset or place

key vistas (for instance, a ‘frame’ of trees, buildings or natural features that give the historic asset or place a context, whether intentional or not)

the prominence of the historic asset or place in views throughout the surrounding area, bearing in mind that sites need not be visually prominent to have a setting

aesthetic qualities

character of the surrounding landscape

general and specific views including foregrounds and backdrops

views from within an asset outwards over key elements in the surrounding landscape, such as the view from the principal room of a house, or from a roof terrace

relationships with other features, both built and natural features

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non-visual factors such as historical, artistic, literary, place name, or scenic associations, intellectual relationships (e.g. to a theory, plan or design), or sensory factors;

a ‘sense of place’: the overall experience of an asset which may combine some of the above factors’

3.4.4. Scottish Planning Policy notes that there is a presumption against demolition or other works which would adversely affect the setting of a Listed Building (Scottish Government 2020, Para. 141). It also notes that development which would have an adverse effect on a Scheduled Monument, or the integrity of its setting should not be permitted except in exceptional circumstances (Scottish Government 2020, Para 145).

Cultural Significance & Importance

3.4.5. The assessment distinguishes between the term ‘impact’ and ‘effect’. An impact is defined as a physical change to a heritage asset or its setting, whereas an effect refers to the significance of this impact. The first stage of the assessment involves establishing the importance of the heritage asset and assessing the sensitivity of the asset to change (impact). Using the proposed design for the Proposed Development, an assessment of the impact magnitude is made and a judgement regarding the level and significance of effect is arrived at.

3.4.6. The definition of cultural significance is readily accepted by heritage professionals both in the UK and internationally and was first fully outlined in the Burra Charter, which states in article one that ‘cultural significance’ or ‘cultural heritage value’ means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations (ICOMOS 2013, Article 1.2). This definition has since been adopted by heritage organisations around the world, including HES. HEPS notes that to have cultural significance an asset must have a particular “aesthetic, historic, scientific or social value for past, present and future generations” (HES 2019a). Heritage assets also have value in the sense that they “...create a sense of place, identity and physical and social wellbeing, and benefits the economy, civic participation, tourism and lifelong learning” (Scottish Government 2020).

3.4.7. All heritage assets have significance; however, some heritage assets are judged to be more important than others. The level of that importance is, from a cultural resource management perspective, determined by establishing the asset’s capacity to contribute to our understanding or appreciation of the past (HES 2019b). In the case of many heritage assets their importance has already been established through the designation (i.e. Scheduling, Listing and Inventory) processes applied by HES.

3.4.8. The rating of importance of heritage assets is first and foremost made in reference to their designation. For non- designated assets importance will be assigned based on professional judgement and guided by the criteria presented in Table 1; which itself relates to the criteria for designations as set out in Designation Policy and Selection Guidance (HES 2019b) and Scotland’s Listed Buildings (HES 2019c).

Table 1 - Criteria for Establishing Importance of Heritage Assets

Importance Receptors

World Heritage Sites; Very High Other designated or non-designated assets with demonstrable Outstanding Universal Value.

Scheduled Monuments (as protected by the Ancient Monuments and High Archaeological Areas Act 1979 (the "1979 Act"); Category A Listed Buildings (as protected by the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997) (the "1997 Act");

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Importance Receptors

Inventory Gardens and Designed Landscapes (as protected by the 1979 Act, as amended by the Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2011); Inventory Battlefields (as protected by the 1979 Act, as amended by the 2011 Act); Outstanding examples of some period, style or type; Non-Designated assets considered to meet the criteria for the designations as set out above (as protected by SPP, 2020).

Category B and C Listed Buildings (as protected by the 1997 Act); Medium Conservation Areas (as protected by the 1997 Act); Major or representative examples of some period, style or type; or Non-designated assets considered to meet the criteria for the designations as set out above (as protected by SPP, 2020);

Locally Listed assets; Local Examples of any period, style or type which contribute to our understanding of the historic environment at the local level.

Relatively numerous types of features; Negligible Findspots of artefacts that have no definite archaeological remains known in their context; The above non-designated features are protected by Paragraph 137 of SPP, 2020.

3.4.9. Determining cultural heritage significance can be made with reference to the intrinsic, contextual and associative characteristics of an asset as set out in HEPS (HES 2019a) and its accompanying Designation Policy and Selection Guidance (HES 2019b). HEPS Designation Policy and Selection Guidance (2019b) indicates that the relationship of an asset to its setting or the landscape makes up part of its contextual characteristics. The Xi’an Declaration (ICOMOS 2005) set out the first internationally accepted definition of setting with regard to heritage assets and features, indicating that setting is important where it forms part of or contributes to the significance of a heritage asset. While SPP does not differentiate between the importance of the asset itself and the importance of the asset’s setting, HES’s Managing Change Guidance, in defining what factors need to be considered in assessing the impact of a change on the setting of a historic asset or place states that the magnitude of the proposed change should be considered “relative to the sensitivity of the setting of an asset” (HES 2020, 11); thereby making clear that assets vary in their sensitivity to changes in setting and thus have a relative sensitivity. The EIA Handbook suggests that cultural significance aligns with sensitivity but also states that “the relationship between value and sensitivity should be clearly articulated in the assessment” (HES and SNH 2018, 184). It is therefore recognised (ibid;) that the importance of an asset is not the same as its sensitivity to changes to its setting. Elements of setting may make a positive, neutral or negative contribution to the significance of an asset. Thus, in determining the nature and level of effects upon assets and their setting by the development, the contribution that setting makes to an asset’s significance and thus its sensitivity to changes to setting need to be considered.

3.4.10. This approach recognises the importance of preserving the integrity of the setting of an asset in the context of the contribution that setting makes to the experience, understanding and appreciation of a given asset. It recognises that setting is a key characteristic in understanding and appreciating some, but by no means all, assets. Indeed,

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assets of High or Very High importance do not necessarily have high sensitivity to changes to their setting (e.g. do not necessarily have a high relative sensitivity). An asset’s relative sensitivity to alterations to its setting refers to its capacity to retain its ability to contribute to our understanding and appreciation of the past in the face of changes to its setting. The ability of an asset’s setting to contribute to an understanding, appreciation and experience of it and its significance also has a bearing on the sensitivity of that asset to changes to its setting. While heritage assets of High or Very High importance are likely to be sensitive to direct effects, not all will have a similar sensitivity to effects on their setting; this would be true where setting does not appreciably contribute to their significance. The HES’s guidance on setting makes clear that the level of effect may relate to “the ability of the setting [of an asset] to absorb new development without eroding its key characteristics” (2020, 11). Assets with Very High or High relative sensitivity to setting effects may be vulnerable to any changes that affect their setting, and even slight changes may erode their key characteristics or the ability of their setting to contribute to the understanding, appreciation and experience of them. Assets whose relative sensitivity to changes to their setting is lower may able to accommodate greater changes to their setting without having key characteristics eroded.

3.4.11. The criteria used for establishing an asset’s relative sensitivity to changes to its setting is detailed in Table 2. This table has been developed based on AOC’s professional judgement and experience in assessing setting effects. It has been developed with reference to the policy and guidance noted above including SPP (Scottish Government 2020), HEPS (HES 2019a) and its Designation Policy and Selection Guidance (HES 2019b), the Xi’an Declaration (ICOMOS 2005), the EIA Handbook (SNH & HES 2018) and HES’s guidance on the setting of heritage assets (HES 2020).

Table 2 – Criteria for Establishing Relative Sensitivity of a Heritage Asset to Changes to its Setting

Relative Sensitivity Criteria

An asset, the setting of which, is critical to an understanding, appreciation Very High and experience of it should be thought of as having Very High Sensitivity to changes to its setting. This is particularly relevant for assets whose settings, or elements thereof, make an essential direct contribution to their cultural significance (e.g. form part of their Contextual Characteristics (HES, 2019b, Annex 1)).

An asset, the setting, of which, makes a major contribution to an High understanding, appreciation and experience of it should be thought of as having High Sensitivity to changes to its setting. This is particularly relevant for assets whose settings, or elements thereof, contribute directly to their cultural significance (e.g. form part of their Contextual Characteristics (HES, 2019b, Annex 1)).

An asset, the setting of which, makes a moderate contribution to an Medium understanding, appreciation and experience of it should be thought of as having Medium Sensitivity to changes to its setting. This could be an asset for which setting makes a contribution to significance but whereby its value is derived mainly from its other characteristics (HES 2019b).

An asset, the setting of which, makes some contribution to an Low understanding, appreciation and experience of it should generally be

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thought of as having Low Sensitivity to changes to its setting. This may be an asset whose value is predominantly derived from its other characteristics.

An asset whose setting makes minimal contribution to an understanding, Negligible appreciation and experience of it should generally be thought of as having Marginal Sensitivity to changes to its setting.

3.4.12. The determination of a heritage asset’s relative sensitivity to changes to its setting is first and foremost reliant upon the determination of its setting and the key characteristics of setting which contribute to its cultural significance and an understanding and appreciation of that cultural significance. This aligns with Stage 2 of the HES guidance on setting (2020, 9). The criteria set out in Table 2 are intended as a guide. Assessment of individual heritage assets is informed by knowledge of the asset itself; of the asset type if applicable and by site visits to establish the current setting of the assets. This will allow for the use of professional judgement and each asset is assessed on an individual basis.

Criteria for Assessing Magnitude of Impact

3.4.13. Potential impacts, that is the physical change to known heritage assets, and unknown buried archaeological remains, or changes to their settings, in the case of the Proposed Development relate to the possibility of disturbing, removing or destroying in situ remains and artefacts during the construction phase or the placement of new features within their setting during the operational phase.

3.4.14. The magnitude of the impacts upon heritage assets caused by the Proposed Development is rated using the classifications and criteria outlined in Table 3.

Table 3- Criteria for Classifying Magnitude of change Magnitude of setting Criteria impact Substantial loss of information content resulting from total or large-scale removal of deposits High from an asset; Major alteration of an asset’s baseline setting, which materially compromises the ability to understand, appreciate and experience the contribution that setting makes to the significance of the asset and erodes the key characteristics (HES 2020) of the setting.

Loss of information content resulting from material alteration of the baseline conditions by Medium removal of part of an asset; Alteration of an asset’s baseline setting that effects the ability to understand, appreciate and experience the contribution that setting makes to the significance of the asset to a degree but whereby the cultural significance of the monument in its current setting remains legible. The key characteristics of the setting (HES 2020) are not eroded.

Detectable impacts leading to minor loss of information content. Low Alterations to the asset’s baseline setting, which do not affect the ability to understand, appreciate and experience the contribution that setting makes to the asset’s overall significance.

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Magnitude of setting Criteria impact

Negligible Loss of a small percentage of the area of an asset’s peripheral deposits; A reversible alteration to the fabric of the asset; A marginal alteration to the asset’s baseline setting.

No effect predicted None

Criteria for Assessing Significance

3.4.15. The predicted level of effect on each heritage asset is then determined by considering the asset’s importance in conjunction with the predicted magnitude of the impact. The method of deriving the level of effect is provided in Table 4.

Table 4 - Level of Effects based on Inter-Relationship between the Importance and/or Relative Sensitivity of a Heritage Asset and/or its setting and the Magnitude of Impact

Magnitude of Sensitivity Impact Negligible Low Medium High Very High

Major High Minor Moderate Moderate Major Major Medium Negligible/Neutral Minor Moderate Moderate Moderate Low Negligible/Neutral Negligible/Neutral Minor Minor Minor Negligible Negligible/Neutral Negligible/Neutral Negligible/Neutral Minor

3.4.16. The level of effect is judged to be the interaction of the asset’s importance and/or relative sensitivity (Tables 1 and/or 2) and the magnitude of the impact (Table 3). In order to provide a level of consistency, the assessment of importance and relative sensitivity, the prediction of magnitude of impact and the assessment of level of effect is guided by pre-defined criteria. However, a qualitative descriptive narrative is also provided for each asset to summarise and explain each of the professional value judgements that have been made in establishing sensitivity and magnitude of impact for each individual asset.

Integrity of Setting

3.4.17. SPP notes that where there is potential for a proposed development to have an adverse effect on a Scheduled Monument or on the integrity of its setting permission should only be granted where there are ‘exceptional circumstances’. Adverse effects on integrity of setting are judged here to relate to whether a change would seriously adversely affect those attributes or elements of setting which contribute to an asset’s significance to the extent that the setting of the asset can no longer be understood or appreciated.

3.4.18. In terms of effects upon the setting of heritage assets, it is considered that only those effects identified as ‘Moderate’ or ‘Major’ in the assessment will have the potential to adversely affect integrity of setting. Where no significant effect is found it is considered that the integrity of an asset’s setting will remain intact. This is because for many assets, setting may make a limited contribution to their significance and as such changes would not affect

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the integrity of their setting. Additionally, as set out in Table 3, lower ratings of magnitude of change relate to changes that would not obscure or erode key characteristics of setting.

3.4.19. Where significant effects are found, a detailed assessment of adverse effects upon integrity of setting is made. Whilst non-significant effects are unlikely to affect integrity of setting, the reverse is not always true. That is, the assessment of an effect as being ‘Moderate’ or ‘Major’ does not necessarily mean that the adverse effect to the asset’s setting will harm its integrity. The assessment of adverse effect upon the integrity of an asset’s setting, where required, will be a qualitative one, and will largely depend upon whether the effect predicted would result in a major impediment to the ability to understand or appreciate the heritage asset and therefore reduce its cultural significance.

4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL EVIDENCE

4.1. Undated

4.1.1. The Scheduled standing stone at Crooked Stone (Site 16), is recorded by the HER as either a Prehistoric standing stone or a Medieval cross shaft. The stone is believed to be in its original location, 5.5km to the south-east of the Site. The approximate location of a piece of cloth (Site 152) recovered and recorded in the early 19th century is also included in the WOSAS HER, as related to a possible bog body, however this existence is solely based on a written account.

4.2. Prehistoric (8000 BC-AD 43)

4.2.1. There are no remains or finds dating to the Prehistoric period within the Site or within the 1km Study Area.

4.2.2. A number of Prehistoric designated assets lie within the 10km Study Area and include four scheduled cairns (Site 4, 13, 18 and 24) and one earthwork (Site 6). A non-designated cairn (Site 156) considered by the HER to potentially be of national importance is also located within 5km. The nearest of these, Fairhill cairn (Site 24) 4.3 km to the north-east, is a burial cairn probably dating to the Bronze Age. It survives in an area of grassland within a housing estate. To the south-east of the Site, Tweediehall Cairn (Site 4) is recorded as a sub-circular 17m by 7m, grass covered stony mound, possibly affected by agricultural activity, although it has never been opened. A small Prehistoric fortification (Site 6) which was partially excavated in the 1980s, is recorded 6.4km to the east. The Scheduled cairn at Long Calderwood (Site 18) is located 3.8km to the north of the Site and the non-designated cairn at Knocklegoil (Site 156) is located 4.6km to the north-west of the Site.

4.2.3. The relative lack of find or remains from the Prehistoric periods in close proximity to the Site could represent the lack of archaeological investigations within the 1km Study Area. Evidence of Prehistoric activity within the wider Study Area is concentrated around the East Kilbride and Hamilton areas and demonstrate activity including domestic, defensive and funerary activities. On the basis of current evidence, there is judged to be a Low potential for Prehistoric remains to survive within the Site.

4.3. Roman (AD 43-410)

4.3.1. There are no heritage assets which date to the Roman period within the Site or within 1km of the Site.

4.3.2. There is however evidence for Roman activity in the wider area. Two Scheduled Monuments (Sites 11 and 12) are recorded 8.1km to the north-east of the Site. The Roman fort of Bothwellhaugh (Site 12) sits in a defensive position within the western end of a level promontory. The fort (Site 12), which lies within 20km of the Antonine Wall to the north, also lies approximately 24km north-west of the Castledykes and 32km south-east of Old Kirkpatrick

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(Maxwell, 1967 p.20). A Roman bath house (Site 11), located 95m north-west of the Bothwellhaugh Roman Fort (Site 12), was excavated in 1975. Bathhouses were normal additions to Roman forts and were generally located outside the fort due to fire risks. Finds of Antonine dates were recovered from the excavation. Excavations conducted in 1939 demonstrated two distinct periods of occupation during the Antonine period (Maxwell, 1967 p.20).

4.3.3. The relative lack of find or remains from the Roman periods in close proximity to the Site could represent the lack of archaeological investigations within the 1km Study Area. Evidence of Roman activity within the wider Study Area is concentrated to the north-east at the location of the Roman fort (Site 12). On this basis, there is judged to be a Low potential for Prehistoric remains to survive on the Site.

4.4. Early Medieval and Medieval (AD 410-1600)

4.4.1. No remains dating to the Early Medieval or Medieval periods are present within the Site.

4.4.2. The name of the parish of Kilbride possibly has its origin from the Gaelic name of St Brigdet combined with the Gaelic word for a church or burying place, ‘Cil’. As such the origin of the word could signify the church or burying place of St Bridget (Moncreiff, 1845, p. 877), one of the many places in Scotland dedicated to the saint. During the 12th century, the church at East Kilbride belonged to the Bishops of Glasgow, through various bull or edicts provided in 1178, 1181 and 1186. The parish itself which had once been owned by the Cummins family, became the residence of the Lindsays in 1382 following the killing of John Cummins by Bruce at Dumfries (Moncreiff, 1845, p. 886). In the late 12th and early 13th century, the Scottish Kings held court at Cadzow until it was bestowed in 1316 on Walter Fitz Gilbert de Hamilton after the battle of Bannockburn (Gordon, 1845, p.265).

4.4.3. There is one Early Medieval Scheduled Monument (Site 20) recorded within the Study Area, approximately 6.2km to the north-east of the Site, however this distance does not reflect its original location. The cross was originally located in Hamilton Low Park but it was moved to its current location in 1926. The Netherton Cross (Site 20) which dates to around AD 900 to 1100, is described as a ‘rare example of ecclesiastical sculpture from the former British Early Medieval kingdom of Strathclyde’ (Site 20; Appendix 2).

4.4.4. Within the 10km Study Area, 13 Medieval Scheduled Monument are recorded (Sites 1-3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 14, 17, 21, 22, 25 and 26), three Category A Listed Buildings (Sites 45, 48 and 56), one Category B Listed Building (Site 84) and one Non-statutory Register Site (Site 157). These include eight castles (Sites 1, 3, 9, 21, 22, 25 and 48) and five mottes (Sites 2, 5, 7, 14, 26 and157). Castle Hill (Site 2) is recorded as a motte on a small promontory dating to the 11th to 12th century; its significance lies in the information it could provide on fortification techniques and pattern of settlement. Hamilton Low Parks (Site 7) survives as earthworks remains of a medieval motte and bailey castle, possibly formally part of an early medieval demesne of the kings of Strathclyde as well as the original location of the 11th century Netherton Cross (Site 20). It is possible that this motte was used during the 12th and 13th century and became disused afterwards following a shift of the court to the south at Hamilton Palace. Cadzow Castle (Site 9) may have been constructed during the early to mid-16th century by the Hamiltons during the tumultuous time of Mary Queen of Scots and may well have been destroyed in around 1579 at the same time as Hamilton Castle (Site 9; Appendix 2).

4.4.5. Early Medieval and Medieval activity within the Study Area is centered 6.5km to the north-east in Hamilton and 3.8km to the north-west in East Kilbride. Despite the wider area being rich in Early Medieval and Medieval activity, the lack of known assets of this date in close proximity to the Site suggests that there is a Low potential for Early Medieval and Medieval remains to survive within the Site.

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4.5. Post-medieval (AD 1600-1900)

4.5.1. Early mapping of the area tends to be schematic and does not reveal any information for land use on the Site. Blaeu’s 1654 map (not illustrated), for example identifies Avondale Castle (Site 3) to the south and Bothwell Castle (Site 21) to the north but provides little information for smaller scale occupation in the surrounding area. Although the area surrounding the Site is not depicted in detail, ‘Kilbrid’ is annotated to the north-west. Moll’s map of 1745 (not illustrated) again provides a very general depiction of the surrounding area, with Hamilton annotated to the north-east and Glasgow further to the north-west. Thomson’s map of 1832 (Figure 7) provides rather more detail with the location of ‘Rigmuirs’ (Site 133) annotated and depicted by a rectangular building. The Site is located within an area of largely unimproved pasture with occasional tree belts. Some of the surrounding roads such as a precursor of the A726 are depicted along with the major landmarks. Directly to the north-west, the Category A listed Torrance house (Site 57) and associated Listed Buildings (Sites 81, 99 and 101) are annotated and depicted within a landscaped garden to the north-west of the Calder Water. Within the grounds the location of ‘Parkhead’ (Site 151) is annotated. To the south-west of the Site an area annotated as ‘Flat’ may refer to the Category C Listed Flatt Bridge (Site 89). A road to the south-west of the Site is annotated as ‘W.L.E. Cutherland’ and may refer to lands belonging to the Category B Listed Cutherland (Site 68). Along this road are annotated ‘Iron stone and Coal got here’ probably a reference to the location of Crutherland Farm Coal Pit (Site 135), as well as a square building (Site 146/147), possibly relating to Crutherland Farm. Within the 1km Study Area, several non-designated assets are depicted on the map including ‘Rig’ (Site 153), ‘Lodgehill’ (Site 139), ‘Lochdub’ (Site 141), ‘Croftangram’ (Site 145) and Crutherland Farm (Site 149). An archaeological walkover (Site 128) undertaken at Rigg Farm (Site 153) in 2018 did not record any above ground archaeological remains other than industrial remains. Although not depicted on the 1832 map, three farmsteads are recorded, Quarry Farm (Site 126/129), Flattmoss (Site 150) and Craighouse (Site 154). A watching brief (Site 127/130) at Quarry Farm (Site 126/129) did not record any evidence of foundation remains.

4.5.2. Several notable designated assets are depicted and annotated on Thomson’s map of 1832 (Figure 7), and are described further in Appendix 2; these include the Category C Listed ‘Auldhouse’ (Site 124), ‘Battled fought in 1679 Bothwellhaugh’ (Inventory Battlefield Site 158), the Category A Listed ‘Bothwell Bridge’ (Site 37), the Category A Listed ‘Kittochside’ (Site 34), Category A Listed ‘Peel’ (Sites 32 and 33), Scheduled ‘Busby Mill’ (Site 19), Scheduled ‘Cas Hill’ (Site 2) and the Inventory Garden and Designed Landscape ‘Dalzell House’ (Site 159). The Maxwelton, which is now designated as a Conservation Area, is annotated as ‘Maxwellion’ (Site 29) and includes the Category C Listed Buildings at Sites 91 and 105-116, although these are not depicted individually on the 1832 map. East Kilbride is annotated ‘Kilbryde’ (Site 30) and includes the Category B Listed Buildings at Sites 72-79 and 83 and Category C Listed Buildings at Sites 92, 98, 102, 117-118, although these are not depicted individually on the 1832 map.

4.5.3. A further 25 designated assets are recorded within the 10km Study Area which pre-date the First Ordnance Survey map. These include two Scheduled Monuments (Sites 15 and 23), two Inventory Gardens and Designed Landscapes (Sites 27 and 28), ten Category A Listed Buildings (Sites 31, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 51, 55 and 60), eight Category B Listed Buildings (Sites 61, 64, 65, 70, 71, 80, 82 and 85) and three Category C Listed Buildings (Sites 94, 120 and 122). Full details of these are included in Appendix 2.

4.5.4. The First edition Ordnance Survey (OS) map of 1858 (Figure 8) provides a more detailed view of the Site, although indicates that the land was still similar in layout to its depiction Thomson’s Map (Figure 7). The proposed location of the turbines is within an area of enclosed fields with a U-shaped cluster of building annotated as ‘Rigmuir’ (Site 133) which is surrounded by the proposed Turbine locations. The access track to Rigmuir, crosses an area of unimproved lands. A burn separates the Site from Blantyre Muir to the west. A north-east to south-west road or

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track runs almost parallel to the access track to Rigmuir to its north-west entering the Site from the north-west and continuing south-east to the farmhouse (Site 133) and exiting the Site at its north-east corner. Along this road/track are depicted in more detail the buildings of Crutherland Farm (Sites 146/7), the coal pit (Site 135) and a single rectangular building (Site 149) to the south of the current access road. By this time five buildings (Sites 38, 39, 53, 54 and 59), now designated as Category A Listed Buildings, are recorded along with two Category B Listed Buildings (Sites 62 and 78) and two Category C Listed Buildings (Sites 90 and 119). No changes are visible within the Site on the OS map of 1888 and 1896 (Not illustrated).

4.5.5. By the end of the 19th century, the a further two Category A Listed Buildings (Sites 36 and 44), three Category B Listed Buildings (Sites 63, 69 and 87) and five Category C Listed Buildings (Sites 93, 96, 100, 104 and 123) had been constructed within the Study Areas.

4.5.6. During the Post Medieval period, the area surrounding the Site was in use as farmland, with some treebelts and moorland. The wider area played a role in the battle of the Covenanters, with several battles taking place in the vicinity of Hamilton to the east with participation from the Hamilton family (Gordon, 1845, p.266). Several Post Medieval buildings are recorded nearby, in particular the buildings at Rigmuir (Site 133) which are depicted on First Edition Ordnance Survey Maps. The recorded location of Site 133 is within an area subsequently used as a landfill which the Proposed Development has been designed to circumvent. As such, there is judged to be a High potential for Post-Medieval remains to survive within the vicinity of the Site, in particular evidence of a track and agricultural activities. However, there is a potential that landfill operations caused localized ground disturbance in the area immediate surrounding the landfill; and so, any such remains have the potential to have been disturbed.

4.6. Modern (AD post 1900)

4.6.1. Twentieth century Ordnance Survey mapping from 1910 (Not Illustrated) and 1946 (Figure 9) do not show any changes within the Site. The OS map of 1982-1989 (Not illustrated) depicted four buildings at Rigmuir (Site 133), although the road between Rigmuir and Crutherland Farm (Site 146/147) is no longer depicted.

4.6.2. A Scheduled Monument, the Western Zone Regional War Room (Site 8) is recorded 2.6km to the north-west of the Site, four Category A Listed Building (Sites 49, 50, 52 and 58), three Category B Listed Building (Sites 67, 86 and 88) and five Category C Listed Building (Sites 95, 97, 103, 121 and 125) of modern date are also recorded in the Study Areas.

4.6.3. An area directly to the north of the Site and located at a distance of between 460m to 1.6km from it, includes several non-designated modern remains such as the World War II Starfish Decoy Sites visible on RAF photography (Site 132), a 20th century Bunker (Site 137) and a World War II Ground Control of Interception Radar Station (Site 140).

4.6.4. The buildings at Rigmuir (Site 133) continued to be depicted on later OS maps until at least 1989, within agricultural fields, although these buildings were not noted during the walkover survey. The site at Rigmuir was subsequently used for landfill though the Proposed Development has been designed around this (Figure 10). As such, there is some limited potential for remains associated with Rigmuir to survive within the Site, though this would likely be limited to evidence of track and agricultural activities. There is a potential that landfill operations caused localized ground disturbance in the area immediate surrounding the landfill; and so, any such remains have the potential to have been disturbed. As such, there is judged to be a Medium potential for Modern remains to survive within the vicinity of the Site relating to the continued use of the farm buildings at Rigmuir until c. 1989.

4.7. Previous Archaeological Investigations

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4.7.1. A desk-based assessment (Site 131) conducted in 2012 and cultural heritage assessment (Site 134) conducted in 2013 evaluated part of the Site during the replacement works for two sections of overhead line. A Desk Based Assessment was conducted in 2010 (Site 136/144) prior to the development at the Blantyre Muir wind farm to the north of the Site, followed by a watching brief (Site 138) in 2012-2013 which identified small areas of poorly preserved rig and furrow.

4.8. Aerial Photographs and Lidar

4.8.1. The National Centre for Aerial Photography (NCAP) held by Historic Environment Scotland at John Sinclair House, Edinburgh is closed due to the current Covid-19 pandemic. A search was made of aerial photographs of the Site that may be available online via NCAP. The available photographs, which dated to 1946 and 1971, showed the Site across several agricultural fields. The current access track is not shown on these photographs but a building complex is visible within the western part of the Site at the location of the recorded buildings at Rigmuir (Site 133). A search was made of the Cambridge University Centre for Aerial Photgraphs (CUCAO); no photographs of the Site were available to view. A search was made of Britain From Above; no photographs of the Site were available to view.

4.8.2. LiDAR DTM 1m data encompassing the Site and Study Area was assessed for evidence of earthwork remains relating to archaeological features. LiDAR (‘light detection and ranging’) is a remote sensing technique which describes a method of determining three-dimensional (3D) data points by using a laser (Historic England, 2019). Airborne LiDAR consists of an active laser beam being transmitted in pulses from a fixed-wing or rotary aircraft and the returning reflection being measured. The first returns are considered equivalent to the digital surface model (DSM) and the last being used to help calculate a digital terrain model (DTM). The DSM is a digital elevation model of the land surface; it records the highest points, including buildings and the woodland canopy. The DTM is a digital elevation model of the bare earth, i.e. the ground beneath any vegetaiton with other structures such as buildings removed (Historic England, 2019, 7). Aiborne LiDAR for the Site and Study Area was available at a resolution of 1m; this data was assessed within ArcGIS. No new finds or features were visible in the LiDAR data.

4.9. Site Walkover

4.9.1. The Proposed Development Site was visited on Thursday 25th February 2021 in clear and sunny conditions. The proposed Turbine locations were accessed from an existing access road off the A726 which crosses the landscape northwards and continued to the north-east to a gate and modern temporary cabins. The area was accessed by an east facing gate (Plate 1), however the proposed accessed track is accessed via another gate slightly to the north. The proposed turbines are located to the north, south and east of a small hill, which is the previous location of the buildings at Rigmuir (Site 133), although no evidence of Site 133 was noted above ground during the walkover survey. Pumps dug into the ground were recorded lining both the base and the top of the hill. The general area surrounding the hill was water-logged.

4.9.2. The proposed access track to Turbine 1 largely follows the existing access track. This crosses a grassy area with an east-west overhead line and reservoirs to the north-west. From the location of the proposed Turbine 1, six turbines could be seen to the north (Plate 2).

4.9.3. The proposed access track to turbines 2 and 3 follows the line of an existing track which crosses an area currently containing landfill remains, reservoirs and built-up areas. The proposed location of Turbine 3 is appears to have been flattened. This location had visibility of the six turbines to the north-west of the Site as well the top of

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residential buildings to the north-west (Plates 3, 4 and 5). The proposed location of Turbine 2 is on slightly raised hummocky grounds. Over 70 turbines can be seen across a south-east to south-west panorama.

4.9.4. No upstanding archaeological remains were noted within the footprints of the proposed turbines or access track during the walkover survey.

5. DEVELOPMENT IMPACT AND MITIGATION

5.1. Direct Impacts

5.1.1. Direct impacts include the possible disturbance of hitherto unknown heritage assets. This assessment has not identified any previously unknown heritage assets within the Site boundary. It is always possible that previously unrecorded buried remains may survive below the current ground level. The only known heritage asset within close proximity of the turbines are the buildings at Rigmuir (Site 133) which continued to be depicted on OS maps until at least 1989, although these buildings were not noted during the walkover survey. This location was subsequently used as a landfill.

5.1.2. The proposed development and location of the turbines has been designed around the now capped landfill where there is a limited potential for remains associated with the buildings at Rigmuir (Site 133) to have survived. Additionally, there is some limited potential for evidence of a track and agricultural activities to have survived in the area immediately surrounding the landfill although the previous landfill operations may have caused localized ground disturbance; and so, any such remains have the potential to have been disturbed.

5.1.3. The potential for archaeological remains dating to the Prehistoric, Roman, Early Medieval and Medieval periods to be present on the Site is considered to be Low. There is judged to be a High potential for Post-Medieval remains and Medium potential for Modern remains to be encountered within the Proposed Development relating to the continued use of the Site 133 until the late 20th century and its associated agricultural land use. It must however be noted that the level of survival on Site is dependent on the previous land use and whether activities associated with the former landfill extended into the development footprint.

5.2. Setting Impacts

5.2.1. In cultural heritage terms, a setting impact refers to any change in the baseline setting of a designated heritage asset. Setting impacts can be positive as well as adverse. For instance, a proposal to re-route a trunk road away from a settlement may reduce the flow of traffic within the historic core, resulting in an improvement to the setting of any designated assets which may be located there. With regard to the Proposed Development, this assessment considers the potential for setting impacts resulting from changes to the visual setting of heritage assets as a result of the Proposed Development.

5.2.2. This assessment considers the potential for impacts upon the setting of all designated heritage assets within 5km of the Site and the potential for impacts upon the setting of all nationally important designated assets within 10km of the Site. Non-statutory Register Sites (NSR) coded V- ‘Probably of national importance’ and C- ‘Almost certainly of national importance’ within 5km of the Site have also been considered. Setting impacts are likely to arise during the operational phase of the Proposed Development.

5.2.3. Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) mapping has been used to identify areas of theoretical visibility. The tip height of the Proposed Development is 150m, the hub height is 82m and the blade length is 68m. Thirteen Scheduled Monuments, ten Category A, seven Category B and two Category C Listed Buildings within the Study Areas are located outwith the ZTV and as such have been excluded from this assessment.

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5.2.4. Designated assets, which the ZTV suggested may have intervisibility with the Proposed Development were subject to site visits. Where no intervisibility between the designated asset and the Proposed Development was found, the designated asset has also been excluded from further assessment (see Appendix 1).

5.2.5. A summary of the predicted impacts and effects upon the setting of cultural heritage assets by the Proposed Development is provided in Table 5. The assessment has been made using the criteria outlined in Tables 1-4.

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Table 5 –Summary of the Predicted Effects Upon the Settings of Heritage Assets during the operational phase of the Proposed Development Thirty Listed Buildings included within the 5km Study Area and within the ZTV, will be for the purpose of this assessment assessed as a group identified by the Conservation Areas (Sites 29 and 30) of which they are part. As such, the East Kilbride Conservation Area (Site 30) includes 10 Category B Listed Buildings (Sites 72-79, 83 and 84) and six Category C Listed Buildings (Sites 92, 98, 102, 117-119). The Maxwelton Conservation area (Site 29) includes one Category B Listed Building (Site 62) and 13 Category C Listed Buildings (Sites 91, 105-116).

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Distance to Nearest Other Factors Effecting Relative Magnitude of Site Name Status Level of Effect Site No. Turbine Visibility Sensitivity Change

Scheduled Monument Intervening trees limit Minor 2 Castle Hill, motte 6.6km to NW High Negligible visibility, even in winter Surrounded by shrubs and Regional War Room Scheduled Monument 2.6km to NW Low Negligible Negligible 8 buildings Hamilton High Parks, park Scheduled Monument 5.9km to NE Trees High Negligible Minor 10 pale

Crooked Stone, standing Scheduled Monument 5.5km to E None High Negligible Minor 16 stone

Minor 22 Darngaber Castle Scheduled Monument 5.9km to E Intervening trees High Negligible Minor 23 Orbiston House Scheduled Monument 8.4km to NE Intervening trees High Negligible Minor 25 Laigh Mains, castle Scheduled Monument 5.4km to NW None High Negligible Minor 27 Chatelherault GDL 6.6km to NE None High Negligible Located within the centre of East Kilbride where the surrounding built Maxwellton Conservation area 3.4km to NW High Negligible Minor 29 environment will limit any view of the Proposed Development Located within the centre of East Kilbride where the surrounding built East Kilbride village Conservation area 3.7km to NW High Negligible Minor 30 environment will limit any view of the Proposed Development Category A Listed Wester Kittochside Farm 7km to NW Trees Low Negligible Negligible 34 Building Category A Listed Joanne Baillie monument 7.3km to NE Dense urban environment Medium Negligible Negligible 36 Building

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Category A Listed Railway viaduct 8.6km to N None Low Negligible Negligible 39 Building David Livingstone Category A Listed 6.7km to N Urban environment Medium Negligible Negligible 40 memorial Building Chatelherault hunting Category A Listed lodge and ornamental 6.6km to NE None Medium Negligible Negligible 41 Building gardens Hunter House, Category A Listed 3.6km to N None Low Negligible Negligible 46 Maxwellton Road Building Category A Listed Mains Castle 5.3km to NW None High Negligible Minor 48 Building Category A Listed St Bride's R.C. Church 3.2km to NW Urban environment Medium Negligible Negligible 49 Building Category A Listed Lanark County Buildings 5.7km to NE Urban environment Low Negligible Negligible 50 Building Category A Listed Hamilton Parish Church 6.1km to NE Urban environment Medium Negligible Negligible 51 Building Category A Listed 92-94 Cadzow Street 6.1km to NE Urban environment Low Negligible Negligible 52 Building Category A Listed Cadzow Bridge 6.1km to NE None Low Negligible Negligible 53 Building Category A Listed Mausoleum 4.9km to NE Built environment Low Negligible Negligible 54 Building Category A Listed Dalzell House 9.2km to NE Trees High Negligible Minor 56 Building Category A Listed Torrance House 1.2km to NW Intervening trees High Low Minor 57 Building Category A Listed Dollan Aqua Centre 4km to NW Urban environment Low Negligible Negligible 58 Building Category A Listed Hamilton Sheriff Court 5.7km to NE Urban environment Low Negligible Negligible 59 Building Churchyard, The Old Category A Listed 6.1km to NE Urban environment Medium Negligible Negligible 60 Parish Church of Hamilton Building Category B Listed Crutherland Lodge 2km to SW Trees limit visibility Low Low Negligible 66 Building Manse, Quarter Church, Category B Listed Limekilnburn Road, 5km to E Urban environment Medium Negligible Negligible 67 Building Quarter

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Category B Listed Crutherland 1.5km to SW Trees limit visibility Low Low Negligible 68 Building Quarter Church, Category B Listed Limekilnburn Road, 5km to E Urban environment Medium Negligible Negligible 69 Building Quarter 1a, 1b, 1c Maxwelton Category B Listed 3.6km to NW Urban environment Low Negligible Negligible 71 Road Building Category B Listed Calderglen Country Park 1.3km to NW Intervening trees Medium Low Minor 81 Building Category B Listed Newhousemill Road 1.7km to NW Located within a valley Medium Negligible Negligible 82 Building Category B Listed Earnock Cottage 4km to NE None Low Negligible Negligible 87 Building Category B Listed Calderstone House 2.3km to SW None Low Low Negligible 88 Building Category C Listed Flatt Bridge 2km to SW Intervening trees Low Negligible Negligible 89 Building Category C Listed Brae Farm 5.1km to SW None Low Negligible Negligible 90 Building Category C Listed Statue of Sir John Falstaff 1.4km to NW None Medium Negligible Negligible 93 Building Burnbank Parish Church Category C Listed 4.9km to NE None Medium Negligible Negligible 96 and Hall Building Category C Listed 68 Wellhall Road 4.7km to NE None Medium Negligible Negligible 97 Building Category C Listed Torrance House Bridge 1.7km to NW Intervening trees Low Negligible Negligible 99 Building Category C Listed Calderglen Country Park 1.7km to NW Intervening trees Medium Low Minor 100 Building Category C Listed Calderglen Country Park 1.4km to NW Intervening trees Medium Low Minor 101 Building Category C Listed Newhousemill Road 1.7km to NW Urban setting Low Negligible Negligible 120 Building Category C Listed 4 Newlands Place 3.7km to NW Built environment Low Negligible Negligible 121 Building Category C Listed Auldhouse Arms 4.7km to SW None Medium Negligible Negligible 124 Building

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Universal Connections Category C Listed 3.9km to NW Built environment Low Negligible Negligible 125 Town Centre Park Building Negligible 158 Battle of Bothwell Bridge Inventory Battlefield 6.6km to N Built environment Medium Negligible Minor 159 Dalzell house Inventory GDL 9.2km to NE Modern Development High Negligible

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Negligible Impact

5.2.6. The 10km Study Area contains four designated bridges (Sites 39, 53, 89 and 99) which have their main value in their architectural and historical interest. The Proposed Development would not impact upon the architectural or historical interest of these bridges, nor would it impact upon the relationship between the bridges and those elements of setting which contribute to an understanding and appreciation of them. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.7. The Regional War Room (Site 8) is a Scheduled Monument located within a technology research centre and largely surrounded by shrubs and buildings. The concrete-walled bunker was one of 14 War Rooms used as a Cold War defensive and administrative bunker and is one of the best preserved. The War Room’s initial purpose was as a location to direct the defence effort in case of ‘predicted’ aerial attacks. Much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest. The Proposed Development would be located approximately 2.6km to the south-east of the Regional War Room with limited visibility due to the intervening built environment and trees. The Regional War Room is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. The Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value as a Cold War defensive structure rendered obsolete soon after its construction. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible. The integrity of the asset’s setting would not be harmed.

5.2.8. Wester Kittochside Farm (Site 34) is a Category A Listed farm dating to the late 18th century with 20th century additions. The farm buildings and field layout are representative of a traditional 18th century farm. The site is located within a slightly secluded area surrounded by trees and pasture. As a farmhouse, the elements of the setting which contribute to the ability to understand and appreciate their value relate to the inter-relationship between the farmhouse buildings and the immediately proximate agricultural fields and communication routes which they would have been sited to exploit. While sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, the farmhouse is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. The site is located 7km to the north-west of the Proposed Development with a principal elevation facing to the south. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its values. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.9. The Joanne Baillie Monument (Site 36) is a Category A Listed Building located within a churchyard, 7.3km to the north-east of the Site. The monument dates to the late 19th century when an interest in terracotta peaked and led to a rise in terracotta production. The subject of the monument is Joanne Baillie, an 18th century poet and playwright who was born in the manse behind the Church. As a monument to a person born in Bothwell, the elements of the setting which contribute to an observer’s ability to understand and appreciate their value relate to the inter-relationship between the monument and its immediate surrounding. While sensitivity to changes which would affect these relationships would be High, the monument is judged to be of Medium sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. Although there is a theoretical visibility of the Proposed Development, the monument’s location within a dense urban environment is expected to limit this visibility. In addition, the Proposed Development would be located beyond, and clearly outwith, the setting to which the asset relates. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.10. David Livingstone memorial (Site 40) is a Category A Listed Building located 6.7km to the north of the Proposed Development. The monument is located within a memorial parkland. The subject of the monument is David Livingstone, an 19th century physician who was born in Blantyre. As a monument, the elements of the setting which contribute to an ability to understand and appreciate its value relate to the inter-relationship between the

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monument and its associated parkland. While sensitivity to changes which would affect these relationships would be High, the monument is judged to be of Medium sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. Although there is a theoretical visibility towards the Proposed Development and in particular along the River Clyde, its location within a dense urban environment is expected to limit any visibility. In addition, the Proposed Development would be located beyond the setting to which the asset relates. Given the above, the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.11. Hunter House at Maxwelton Road (Site 46) is a Category A Listed Building dating to the early 18th century with early 19th century alterations. The house was the birthplace of brothers William and John Hunter, both prominent doctors who were respected and are commemorated within East Kilbride. The principal elevation faces directly to the south. The Proposed Development would be located 3.6km to the south-south-east. Five turbines from Blantyre Muir windfarm, located to the north-west of the Site, are visible from the asset behind a line of trees as part of its wider setting. The asset is currently within a residential area with residential buildings to the north and services directly to the west. As a house much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest. Its setting insofar as it contributes to an understanding and appreciation of it, relates to the surrounding townscape. On this basis while sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, it is considered to be of Low sensitivity to changes beyond its town setting. Although the Proposed Development could potentially be visible from the asset, the elements of the setting which contribute to an ability to understand and appreciate the asset’s value relate to the inter-relationship between the house and its immediate surrounding. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.12. St Bride’s Roman Catholic Church (Site 49) is a Category A Listed Building located 3.2km to the north-west of the Site. The building’s value lies in its interest its contemporary ecclesiastic architecture, historical interest and relationship to the town it serves. Dating to 1963-4, the asset received the RIBA bronze medal for architecture within the same year. The structure has since been altered but remains a prominent structure in the town. The principal elevation is to the west facing away from the Site and is located to the north-west of the school to which it relates. The church and the school are located on the same raised area therefore visibility from the church would be obstructed by the school. It must be noted that theoretical visibility may be possible from the top of the building. The church is judged to be of Medium sensitivity to changes to its setting. Given the above, the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value as it would not obscure its relationship with the associated school or wider town. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.13. Lanark county buildings (Site 50) are a landmark of modern architecture and Hamilton Sheriff Court (Site 59), a landmark of civic architecture; both are Category A Listed Buildings located c. 5.7km to the north-east of the Site. Lanark county buildings (Site 50) is a high-rise building dating to the mid-20th century and Hamilton Sheriff Court (Site 59) a stone-built building dating to the early 19th century. Both are located on a busy road within an urban environment. Theoretical views of the Proposed Development would be possible, but these would be beyond the assets’ urban settings. There is possible visibility towards the Proposed Development from the upper floors of Lanark county buildings (Site 50). On this basis while sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, it is considered to be of Low sensitivity to changes beyond its town setting. Given the distance to the Proposed Development, and the location of the proposed turbines outwith the relevant setting of these assets, the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the assets and their value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, for both assets, and the resulting levels of effect would be Negligible.

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5.2.14. Hamilton parish church (Site 51) and Churchyard (Site 60) are both Category A Listed Buildings located 6.1km to the north-east of the Site. The principal elevation of the Church faces to the north with views down to the adjacent Church Street, through residential areas to woodland and vistas beyond. This was clearly an important view which now includes a motorway and, in the distance, turbines and overhead lines. The assets are located within the eastern part of Hamilton town centre while the western area is more mixed commercial and residential. Much of Hamilton parish church (Site 51) and Churchyard’s (Site 60) value lies in their architectural and historical interest and their setting, insofar as it contributes to an understanding and appreciation of them, relates to the town which they serve. The Church, itself, and Netherton cross (Site 20) are within the churchyard walls which define the immediate setting. On this basis it is considered to be of Low sensitivity to changes beyond the town setting. Given the distance to the Proposed Development and its location well outwith the assets setting, it would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the assets and their value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.15. Nos. 92-94 Cadzow Street (Site 52) is a Category A Listed Building located 6.1km to the north-east of the Site. The building is now in derelict condition, located on the former high street and part of an urban environment. As a house much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest and the elements of the setting which contribute to an ability to understand and appreciate its value relate to the asset’s relationship with several local buildings including Cadzow Bridge (Site 53). While sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, the house is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. The Proposed Development would be well beyond the settlement of Hamilton and by virtue of the distance between the asset and Proposed the Development and the intervening built environment it would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.16. A mausoleum in Hamilton Low Parks (Site 54) is a Category A Listed Building located 4.9km to the north-east of the Site. A mausoleum built in 1840 for Alexander 10th Duke of Hamilton can be viewed as a symbol of power, wealth and influence. It is located within an open park. The Proposed Development is located to the south-west on the opposite side of Hamilton town. The mausoleum looks over Hamilton town and it judged be of Low sensitivity to changes to its setting. The Proposed Development may appear in the wider views beyond the town, but any visibility is likely to be largely impeded by the intervening built environment. The Proposed Development would be well beyond the original intended field of influence of the monument. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its values. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.17. Dollan Aqua Centre (Site 58) is a Category A Listed Building located 4km to the north-west of the Site. A mid- 20th century leisure centre designed by Alexander Buchanan Campbell, it stands as an example of a public amenity of this period. Much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest. Its setting insofar as it contributes to an understanding and appreciation of it, relates to the surrounding townscape which it would have been built to serve. On this basis it is considered to be of Low sensitivity to changes beyond its town setting. Given the distance to the Proposed Development and the fact that any visibility would be well beyond those elements of setting which contribute to an understanding and appreciation of the asset, it would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.18. Crutherland (Site 68) is a 19th century Category B Listed Building located 1.5km to the west of the Site. The house faces south-west so away from the Proposed Development. It is enclosed within its own wooded estate and is accessed from the south-west. The house’s setting focuses on the surrounding wooded grounds which limit visibility

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outwards. As a house much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest as well as the elements of the setting which contribute to an observer’s ability to understand and appreciate its value. While sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, the house is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect an observer’s ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Low and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible. Crutherland Lodge (Site 66) is a Category B Listed Building located 2km to the west of the nearest proposed turbine and to the south-west of Crutherland (Site 68). Despite the house’s close proximity to the Site, it is located within its own garden and to the south of Crutherland’s wooded grounds. The house faces Strathaven Road to the south-west and a single turbine is visible in that direction. As a lodge much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest and the elements of the setting which contribute to an ability to understand and appreciate its value are largely limited to its immediate surrounding the wooded area to the north and its relationship to Crutherland and the adjacent road. While sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, the lodge is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. The Proposed Development would be located well beyond these elements and visibility would be largely prohibited by the surrounding wooded area. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Low, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.19. Quarter Church (Site 69) and its associated manse (Site 67) are both Category B Listed Buildings located 5km to the east of the Site. Both principal elevations face west and turbines are visible in that direction. The assets are located on the western edge of the village of Quarter and on a relatively high rise above the village. The main elements of setting which contribute to an understanding and appreciation of them are the assets’ relationships to each other and to the village and surrounding area. Much of their value lies in their architectural and historical interest. The assets are considered to be sensitive to changes which would affect the key setting relationships set out above. The manse is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape, whilst the church, which has been located to be visible from a wider area is judged to be of Medium sensitivity to changes to its setting. Given the distance the Proposed Development and the fact that it would be located beyond those elements of setting which contribute to an understanding and appreciation of the asset, it would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the assets and their value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, for each asset, and the resulting levels of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.20. Nos. 1A, 1B and 1C Maxwelton Road (Site 71) is a Category B Listed row of three single storey cottages. Their purpose as weavers’ cottages is evident from their construction which included windows positioned to the east for optimum daylight use. The principal elevation faces directly to the south. The Proposed Development would be is located 3.6km to the south-south-east of the cottage beyond the urban environment within which the cottage are set. Five turbines from Blantyre Muir Wind Farm are visible from the asset behind a line of trees as part of its wider setting. The asset is currently within a residential area with residential buildings to the north and services directly to the west. As a house much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest. Its setting insofar as it contributes to an understanding and appreciation of it, relates to the surrounding townscape. On this basis while sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, it is considered to be of Low sensitivity to changes beyond its town setting. Although the Proposed Development could potentially be visible from the asset, this would be beyond the townscape within which the asset is set and the proposed turbines would be located behind the Blantyre turbines in any views. Given the distance to the Proposed Development and the fact that it would be located beyond those elements of setting which demonstrably contribute to and understanding and appreciation of the assert, it would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible. The integrity of the assets’

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setting would not be harmed.

5.2.21. Newhouse House and outbuildings (Site 82) is an 18th century Category B Listed building located 1.7km to the north-west of the Site. Previously part of the Torrance estate, it may have been built as a manse for a reverend in the mid-18th century. The house is laid out in an approximate U shape with an internal courtyard with its primary elevation facing towards the south. Newhouse House is located at the eastern extent of a residential area with a wooded area directly to its north-east and agricultural land further to the east. As a house much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest. Its setting insofar as it contributes to an understanding and appreciation of it, relates to the surrounding townscape. On this basis while sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, it is considered to be of Low sensitivity to changes beyond its town setting. The house is located within a valley which would limit, slightly, visibility towards the Proposed Development. The tips of all six existing turbines which form part of the Blantyre Muir windfarm were visible to the south-east of the asset. The Proposed Development is located slightly further south and any turbines visible would be located beyond the Blantyre turbines and well beyond those elements of setting identified above as contributing to any understanding and appreciation of the asset. Given the predicted limited visibility of Proposed Development, beyond the relevant elements of setting identified above, it would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.22. Earnock cottage (Site 87) is a Category B Listed late 19th century building located 4km to the north-east of the Site. The principal elevation faces south-west towards Woodfoot Road. The cottage is built on levelled ground on a revetement and on south-east sloping land. Access to the cottage is via the tree lined Woodfoot Road through a largely residential urban environment. As a house much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest. Its setting insofar as it contributes to an understanding and appreciation of it, relates to the surrounding townscape. On this basis while sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, it is considered to be of Low sensitivity to changes beyond its town setting. There are possible views along the burn towards the Proposed Development which may appear beyond the trees and the valley. The Proposed Development would be located beyond the setting which contributes to the asset’s significance. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its values. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.23. Calderstone House (Site 88) is a Category B Listed Building located 2.3km to the west of the Site. The modern building which dates to 1964 is the work of Morris and Steedman Architects and incorporates an unusual layout and pottery studio into domestic architecture using material reminiscent of the surrounding farmhouses. Three of the existing turbines from Blantyre Muir Wind Farm, to the north-west of the Site, can be seen as well as a large windfarm to the south. The house is set within an agricultural landscape with farmland directly to its east and south, an industrial area directly to the west and is bordered to the north by a wooded area. Much of the asset’s value lies in its architectural and historical interest. On this basis, while sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, the asset is considered to be of Low sensitivity to changes beyond its immediate setting. Although there is expected to be uninterrupted views towards the Proposed Development, this will not affect the setting relationships which contribute to an understanding and appreciation of the asset. The Proposed Development is located beyond the immediate garden setting would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Low and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.24. Brae farm (Site 90) is a Category C Listed mid-19th century farmhouse located 5.1km to the south-east of the Site. The farmhouse and associated buildings are located to the west of the A726 road. A wooden overhead line and small turbine are visible in the landscape and a larger windfarm is visible in the wider area. The old farmhouse survives in a relatively rural and agricultural setting. As a farmhouse, the elements of the setting which contribute

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to an ability to understand and appreciated its value relate to the inter-relationship between the house and the farm buildings and the immediately proximate agricultural fields and communication routes which they would have been sited to exploit. While sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, the farmhouse is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. The Proposed Development would be located beyond these elements setting which contribute to the farmhouse’s significance and would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. Given this and the distance to the proposed turbines, the magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.25. Burnbank Parish Church and Hall (Site 96) is a Category C Listed Post-Medieval stone-built parish church located on a cross-roads junction, 4.9km to the north-east of the Site. The principal elevation faces to the north and away from the Proposed Development. The asset is located within an urban residential environment. Much of the asset’s value lies in their architectural and historical interest. Its setting insofar as it contributes to an understanding and appreciation of it, relates to the surrounding townscape. On this basis while sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, it is considered to be of Medium sensitivity to changes beyond its town setting. Although there would possible theoretical views of the Proposed Development, these would be beyond the urban setting of the church and hall and would they would not impact on the elements of setting which contribute to the assets significance. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.26. No. 68 Wellhall Road (Site 97) is a Category C Listed early 20th century cemetery lodge located 4.7km to the north- east of the Site on the edge of a graveyard. It is the lodge’s relationship with the graveyard which forms the important elements of its setting. While sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, the house is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. There are theoretical views towards the Proposed Development, however the asset is located within an urban residential area, with views towards rising grounds, overhead lines and rural land, all of which would intervene between the asset and the Proposed Development and as such any views of turbines would be located beyond the asset’s relevant setting. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.27. Newhousemill Cottages (Site 120) is a Category C Listed row of three single storey cottages located 1.7km to the north of the Site. Built by General Torrance in 1792 it was intended to house the workers of a cotton mill located to the north-east of the cottages. The cottages are north-west facing with views towards a residential area. As a house much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest. Elements of the setting which contribute to an ability to understand and appreciate its value relate to the inter-relationship between the cottages and the now demolished cotton mill. While sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, the house is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. As the Proposed Development would not impact upon these setting relationships and given the likely limited visibility of the it beyond the asset’s urban setting it would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.28. No. 4 Newlands Place (Site 121) is a Category C Listed Building located 3.7km to the north-west of the Site. No. 4 Newland Place is a private residential property with limited visibility towards the Proposed Development due to intervening trees, urban development and East Kilbride shopping centre. As a house much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest. Its setting insofar as it contributes to an understanding and appreciation of it, relates to the surrounding townscape. On this basis while sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, it is considered to be of Low sensitivity to changes beyond its town setting. Given the distance to the

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Proposed Development and the predicted very limited visibility of the it due to the built environment; the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.29. Auldhouse Arms (Site 124) is a Category C Listed Building located 4.7km to the west of the Site. Built in around 1800, the building is a good example of a 19th century public house. The main elevation of the asset faces to the north-west. Its setting, insofar as it contributes to its significance, lies in its relationship to the town it served and continues to serve as a current pub. On this basis while sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, it is considered to be of Low sensitivity to changes beyond its town setting. Given the distance to the Proposed Development and the fact that it would be located well beyond those elements of setting which contribute to the asset’s significance; it would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. As such, the magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.30. Universal Connection (Site 125) is a Category C Listed Building located 4km to the north-west of the Site. A mid-20th century modernist youth centre designed by Alexander Buchanan Campbell, it stands as an example of post war architecture in East Kilbride. It is set up on a mound to the south of Dollan Aqua Centre (Site 58) with open views to the north and south. Much of its value lies in its architectural and historical interest and it setting, insofar as it contributes to an understanding and appreciation of it relates to the surround settlement which it was designed to serve. Views to the south-east towards the Proposed Development are limited due to the intervening built environment including a shopping centre and residential buildings. Given this and the distance to the Proposed Development, it would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

5.2.31. Battle of Bothwell Bridge (Site 158) is an Inventory Battlefield located 6.6km to the north-east of the Site. The Battle of Bothwell Bridge took place on 22 June 1679 and was a major defeat of the Covenanter army against the Government troops and brought an end to the Covenanter rebellion. The battlefield is within a well understood landscape context although the area has been urbanised with a racecourse and residential development occupying the majority of the Inventory Battlefield. The wider setting is much altered. On balance, the landscape context of the battlefield is judged to be highly sensitive to changes within the Inventory boundaries but less sensitive, of Medium sensitivity, to changes beyond that boundary. HES’s guidance on managing change within battlefields states that ‘Most development outside the battlefield boundary will not have a significant impact on the landscape context’ (HES 2020, 18). Given the distance to the Proposed Development and the fact that it is located well outwith the Inventory boundaries, it would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the battlefield and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible.

Minor Impact

5.2.32. Castle Hill (Site 2) is a Scheduled motte located over a flat-topped mound to the south of a residential area and to the north of government buildings with views of the valley of the Kittoch Water on three sides: west, south and east. The location would have been selected for its defensive position and views over the wider landscape. The asset dates to the 11th to 12th century and measures approximately 140m x 80m. The mound is currently covered in trees both at the top and around its sides. The motte is judged to be of High sensitivity to change in the valley but less sensitive to change of Medium sensitivity, in the wider landscape. Castle Hill is located 6.6km to the north- west of the Proposed Development (Plate 8). Current winter condition allowed for better visibility through the trees, but visibility was still very limited beyond the immediate area. The presence of a slight hill to the east and south-east between Castle Hill and the Proposed Development would further reduce any theoretical visibility. Given

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

the distance and the predicted limited visibility, the Proposed Development would not materially affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Minor. The integrity of the asset’s setting would not be harmed.

5.2.33. Hamilton High Parks (Site 10) is a Scheduled Medieval park pale located 5.9km to the east of the Site. The park pale’s function was to enclose a game reserve,. The elements of its setting which contribute to an ability to understand and appreciate its value relates to the inter-relationship between the park pale and the Scheduled Monument of Cadzow Castle is to the east, which itself lies outwith the ZTV. Currently the east end of the field can be understood as a medieval deer park and the west end as a later tree plantation. The blades of a single turbine can be seen through the trees. Hamilton High Parks survives as a feature in an understandable immediate setting. While of High sensitivity to change within its immediate setting and to changes which would affect the ability to understand its relationship with the Scheduled Monument of Cadzow Castle to the east, it is judged to be of Medium Sensitivity, to change in the wider landscape. The trees to the south-west will largely screen the Proposed Development which will be well beyond the setting which contributes to significance. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the monument and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Minor. The integrity of the assets’ setting would not be harmed.

5.2.34. The standing stone at Crookedstone (Site 16) is a Scheduled Monument located at the top of a slight hill within an agricultural landscape. The stone is of possible Prehistoric or Medieval date and stands approximately 1.8m tall. The existing turbines to the north-west of the Proposed Development were not visible due to the weather conditions, however closer turbines could be seen to the north-west as well as a couple of overhead lines directly to the north. A large number of turbines were visible in the distance to the east. The standing stone is judged to be of High sensitivity to change within its immediate setting and to changes which would affect the ability to understand its relationship to the burn to the north, but less sensitive, of Medium Sensitivity, to change in the wider landscape. The standing stone at Crookedstone is located 5.5km to the south-east of the Proposed Development (Plate 9) and well beyond the key characteristics of its setting. As such, the Proposed Development would not materially affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Minor. The integrity of the asset’s setting would not be harmed.

5.2.35. Darngaber Castle (Site 22) is a Scheduled flat motte. The Medieval earthworks remains were only visible as a flat motte covered in vegetation and trees, overhanging and facing the valley to the north. The earthwork remains are currently located within a wooded area which lines an agricultural field to the south. The motte is judged to be of High sensitivity to changes in the valley, which it would have been sited to control, but less sensitive to change of Medium sensitivity, in the wider landscape. Darngaber Castle is located 5.5km to the east of the Proposed Development and well beyond the key characteristics of setting. Further views towards the asset would be limited by trees on and immediately surrounding the asset. As such the Proposed Development would not materially affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Minor. The integrity of the asset’s setting would not be harmed.

5.2.36. Orbiston House (Site 23) is a Scheduled 16th century Tower house located 8.4km to the north-east of the Site. Tower houses were popular forms of residence of the Scottish elite in the late Medieval period. The stone-built walls are currently in a ruinous state and enclosed by metal fencing. The Tower house is located within a woodland and on high grounds above the South Calder Water which slopes steeply to the south. There are no signs or pathway to the monument and no views towards the Proposed Development as trees of the river valley limit the view. Elements of the setting which contribute to an ability to understand and appreciate its value relate to its prominent position

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over the river valley. While judged to be of High sensitivity to changes which would affect these relationships, the tower house is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes beyond the river valley. The Proposed Development would be located well beyond the elements of setting which contribute to the asset’s significance. Given the distance to the Proposed Development and the fact that the asset is set within woodland which would limit views of the Proposed Development; it would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the monument and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Minor. The integrity of the assets’ setting would not be harmed.

5.2.37. Laigh Mains (Site 25) is a Scheduled Monument 5.4km to the north-west of the Site. The earthwork remains were visible as a very uneven mound to the north of Mains Castle (Site 48) at the top of a south-facing slope. A ditch was visible around the southern part of the mound. The area is bordered to the south by a wooded area with further woods and houses to the east. The higher viewpoint of Laigh Mains provides it with panoramic views of the valley to the south which include the James Hamilton Heritage Park, East Kilbride and the Proposed Development further to the south-east. The castle is judged to be of High sensitivity to change in the valley and the higher grounds would have provided an advantageous position in relation to visibility across the wider landscape. The Proposed Development would visible from Laigh Mains behind five or six turbines from Blantyre Muir Wind Farm. Whilst the Proposed Development would be visible, it would be located within a panoramic view that already contains a large urban development (Plate 10). As such the Proposed Development would not materially affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Minor. The integrity of the asset’s setting would not be harmed.

5.2.38. The Maxwelton (Site 29) Conservation Area is located to the north-east of East Kilbride town centre (Plate 6) and includes one Category B Listed Building (Site 62) and 13 Category C Listed Buildings (Sites 91, 105-116). The Listed Buildings within the Conservation Area face the main street of the town with very little view outwith. For the Conservation Area and Listed Buildings within, much of their value lies in their architectural and historical interest. Elements of the setting which contribute to an ability to understand and appreciate its value are mainly contained within the Conservation Area boundaries and are focused on the relationships of the features therein. While sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, the house is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. The Conservation Area is situated within a wider residential area with trees spread around and despite the winter conditions and the lack of leaves on the trees, there was limited visibility outside the Conservation Area. Although theoretical visibility of the Proposed Development is possible, any views are likely to be restricted to glimpses of turbines above or beyond buildings and trees within the Conservation Area. As such the magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible. The level of effect would be Minor.

5.2.39. East Kilbride (Site 30) is a Conservation Area to the north-west of the Proposed Development (Plate 7) which includes 10 Category B Listed Buildings (Sites 72-79, 83 and 84) and six Category C Listed Buildings (Sites 92, 98, 102, 117-119). The Listed Buildings within the Conservation Area face the main street of the town with very little views outwith. For the Conservation Area and Listed Buildings within, much of their value lies in their architectural and historical interest. Elements of the setting which contribute to an ability to understand and appreciate its value are mainly contained within the Conservation Area boundaries and are focused on the relationships of the features therein. While sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, the Conservation Area is judged to be of Low sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. Although theoretical visibility of the Proposed Development is possible, any views are likely to be restricted to glimpses of turbines above or beyond buildings and trees within the Conservation Area. As such the magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible. The level of effect would be Minor.

5.2.40. Chatelhault hunting lodge and ornamental gardens (Site 41) is a Category A Listed Building located 6.6km to the

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

north-east of the Site and within the Chatelhault Inventory and Designed Garden and Landscape (Site 27). The lodge was built in 1732-43 and the original layout of the GDL dates to around the same time. The lodge was built as a terminal feature to an avenue from Hamilton palace, located near ornamental gardens and within a wider designed landscape. The principal elevation of the lodge faces to the north-west along a former designed tree avenue, originally landscaped for Hamilton House which is now demolished. The estate is well defined around the house with information boards located to understand the surrounding landscape and wider estate. Elements of the setting which contribute to an ability to understand and appreciate its value relate to the inter-relationship between the lodge and Chatelhault Inventory and Designed Garden and Landscape (Site 27). While sensitive to changes which would affect these relationships, the house is judged to be of Medium sensitivity to changes in the wider landscape. Theoretical views of the Proposed Development from Chaterhault hunting lodge would be possible from the west, but these would be beyond the asset’s relevant setting. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Negligible. Chatelhault Inventory and Designed Garden and Landscape (Site 27) is surrounded by the modern development of Hamilton to the north and east whereas the south and west are in a relatively rural and agricultural setting, which would form part of the original setting. Elements of setting which contribute to an understanding and appreciation of the asset relate to the designed landscape and the interrelationship of features therein. Located on the west facing slope down to the river valley there is a theoretical visibility of the turbines above the ridgeline to the west where overhead lines are visible, but this will likely be limited to the tips of blades only (Plate 11). While sensitivity to changes which would affect these relationships would be High, the turbines would be located beyond the original and modern intended setting which is the historical estate, and would not impact the ability to understand and appreciate it. Potential views on the Proposed Development from the GDL can be expected in particular on the western side of the river valley. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect an observer’s ability to understand or appreciate the landscape and the features therein, including the lodge, or its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Minor.

5.2.41. Mains Castle (Site 48) is a Category A Listed Castle dating to approximately 1450 and located 5.3km to the north- west of the Site. Access to the asset was not available as it is currently a private property (Plate 12). Mains Castle is located on a slight rise facing a lake within James Hamilton Heritage Park accessed by dog walkers and the public. Elements of setting which contribute to an understanding and appreciation of the castle include its archaeological and historical interest as well as the views over the valley to its south. The castle is judged to be of High sensitivity to change in the valley with visibility across the wider landscape. Whilst the Proposed Development would be theoretically visible from the Castle, it would be located within a wide panoramic view that already contains a large urban development and at a distance of over 5km. As such the Proposed Development would not materially affect the ability to understand or appreciate the asset and its value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Minor.

5.2.42. The Torrance Group consisting of the Category A Listed Torrance House (Site 57), Category B Calderglen Country Ranger’s Office (Site 81), Category C Listed Calderglen Country Park Bridge (Site 99), Category C Listed Calderglen Country Park Lodge (Site 100), Category C Listed statue of Sir John Falstaff (Site 93) and Category C Listed Calderglen Country Park Gaterpiers (Site 101). Torrance House (Site 57) is a Category A Listed Building located 1.2km to the north-west of the Proposed Development. Built by Roger Hamilton in 1605 with later additions by the Stuart family it has its principal elevation to the north-west. The main house, lodge and tower house are currently in private ownership, but the rest is part of the Calderglen Country Park formerly the Torrance Estate. Access to the estate is through Calderglen Country Park Bridge (Site 99), to the north-west. The estate is well defined around the house and elements of setting which contribute to an understanding and appreciation of the assets largely relate to the locations within the country park and the assets relationships to each other. With the principal elevation and

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

entrance road from the north-west and in the direction of East Kilbride, it can be expected that this would be the primary views of the asset, whereas the Proposed Development is located to the south-east, beyond a tree line. The blade tip of one of the turbines of the Blantyre Wind Farm was partially visible from the golf course however proposed turbines located further away may only be visible from the upper storeys of the house. The turbines would be located beyond the original and modern intended setting which is the historical estate, and would not impact the ability to understand and appreciate it. From the north-west part of the estate where Calderglen Country Park Bridge (Site 99), Calderglen Country Park Lodge (Site 100) are located, there is no visibility towards the Proposed Development due to the intervening trees within the estate (Plates 13 and 14). Further to the west, an industrial area and high-rise buildings of East-Kilbride can be seen. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect the ability to understand or appreciate the monument and its values. The magnitude of change is judged to be Low, and the resulting level of effect would be Minor. The integrity of the assets’ setting would not be harmed.

5.2.43. Dalzell House (Site 56) is a Category A Listed Building located 9.2km to the north-east of the Site within an Inventory Garden and Designed Landscape (Site 159). Dalzell House is a typical 16th century building, within a designed landscape, with visible ha-ha, open grassland and tree lined avenues. The house and designed landscape are located on gently sloping land which drops away to the Clyde River to the south-west. The current setting of the asset is affected by the noise of the M74 motorway and the surrounding modern development which lies to its north-west to east. Currently a private residence, it is surrounded by hedges and trees. Approach is from the west through a tree lined avenue. The setting of the house is the Inventory Garden and Designed Landscape (GDL) itself. Turbines would be visible from the south-west end of the GDL however the Proposed Development is clearly beyond the intended setting and original landscape of the GDL. The M74, various overhead lines and seven turbines lie between the assets and the Proposed Development. While sensitivity to changes which would affect these relationships would be High, the new turbines would be a slight alteration with no perceptible impact to the setting and they would be located well beyond any elements of setting which can reasonably be said to contribute to the significance of the asset. Given the above the Proposed Development would not affect an ability to understand or appreciate the assets and their value. The magnitude of change is judged to be Negligible, and the resulting level of effect would be Minor.

5.3. Mitigation

5.3.1. National planning policies and planning guidance, SPP (Scottish Government 202) and PAN2/2011 (Scottish Government 2011), as well as the local planning policies (Glasgow and Clyde Valley Strategic Development Plan (2017), the South Lanarkshire Minerals Plan and the South Lanarkshire Local Development Plan (2015), outlined in this report, require a mitigation response that is designed to take cognisance of the possible impacts upon heritage assets, both known and potential, by a proposed development and avoid, minimise or offset any such impacts as appropriate.

6.1.1. The assessment has not identified any activity within the Site prior to the Post Medieval period. Based on current evidence, the potential for archaeological remains dating to the Prehistoric, Roman, Early Medieval, and Medieval periods to be present on the Site is considered to be Low and would mostly consist of the remains associated with agricultural land use. The only known heritage asset within close proximity of the turbines are the buildings at Rigmuir (Site 133) first depicted on Thomson’s map of 1832 and which continued to be depicted on OS maps until at least 1989. On these maps, a road or track enters the Proposed Development from the north-west, continuing south-east to the farmhouse (Site 133) and exits the Site at its north-east corner. Although no evidence of Site 133

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

was noted above ground during the walkover survey, it was upstanding until the late 20th century. This location was subsequently used as a landfill. The proposed development and location of the turbines has been designed around the now capped landfill where there is a limited potential for remains associated with the buildings at Rigmuir (Site 133) to have survived. Additionally, there is some limited potential for evidence of track and agricultural activities to have survived in the area immediately surrounding the landfill although the previous landfill operations may have caused localized ground disturbance; and so, any such remains have the potential to have been disturbed.

5.3.2. An assessment of the potential for effects upon the setting of designated heritage assets has been undertaken as part of this assessment. Sixteen assets have been highlighted as having a potential for Minor effects and 37 assets have been highlighted as having a Negligible effect. No assets were considered to have a setting effect above Minor.

5.3.3. In accordance with national and local planning policies on heritage, it is advised that the South Lanarkshire Council as advised on archaeological matters by WOSAS, may require further evaluation or archaeological mitigation at the Site to enable the identification, assessment and recording of any surviving remains in advance of the proposed works. In particular, an archaeological watching brief may be required on ground-breaking works. However, the scope of any such works would require to be agreed with South Lanarkshire Council, as advised by WOSAS. In the event that significant archaeological remains are encountered, further work, including excavation, post-excavation analysis and publication may be required.

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6. REFERENCES

6.1. Bibliographic References

BGS. 2021, Geology of Britain Viewer. Available: http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html, [Accessed February 2021].

CFA Archaeology, 2010. Blantyre Muir Proposed Wind Farm Extension: Environmental Assessment Cultural Heritage, Available at: https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-823- 1/dissemination/pdf/cfaarcha1-179400_1.pdf, [Accessed March 2021].

CIfA 2014 (Updated 2020) Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment The Chartered Institute for Archaeologists.

Gordon, J. 1845. Hamilton, County of Lanark, NSA, Vol. VI, p. 249-294, in The Statistical Account of Scotland. Available at: https://stataccscot.edina.ac.uk/static/statacc/dist/viewer/nsa-vol6- Parish_record_for_Hamilton_in_the_county_of_Lanark_in_volume_6_of_account_2/, (Accessed 24/02/2021)

Glasgow and the Clyde Valley Strategic Development Planning Authority, 2017, Strategic Development Plan: Delivering Growth in the Glasgow City Region, July 2017

Historic Environment Scotland 2016, updated February 2020, Managing Change in the Historic Environment: Setting

Historic Environment Scotland 2016b, updated February 2020, Managing Change in the Historic Environment: Battlefields

Historic Environment, 2020, Historic Environment Policy for Scotland, Available at: http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/ (Accessed 16/02/2021) Historic Environment, 2020, Portal, Accessed at: http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/

HMSO 1979, Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act. Accessed at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1979/46/pdfs/ukpga_19790046_en.pdf

HMSO 1997, Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 Accessed at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1997/9/pdfs/ukpga_19970009_en.pdf

HMSO 1997, Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 Accessed at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1997/8/pdfs/ukpga_19970008_en.pdf

HMSO 1997, Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2011 Accessed at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2011/3/pdfs/asp_20110003_en.pdf

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Maxwell, G. S. 1975, Excavation at the Roman Fort of Bothwellhaugh, Lanarkshire, 1967-8, Vol. 6 (1975), pp. 20-35, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/525987?origin=crossref&seq=1, (Accessed 17/02/2021)

Moncreiff, H. 1845. East Kilbride, County of Lanark, NSA, Vol. VI, p. 877-900, in The Statistical Account of Scotland. Available at: https://stataccscot.edina.ac.uk/static/statacc/dist/viewer/nsa-vol6- Parish_record_for_East_Kilbride_in_the_county_of_Lanark_in_volume_6_of_account_2/, (Accessed 24/02/2021)

Scottish Government, 2011. PAN2/2011 Planning and Archaeology, Available at: https://www.gov.scot/collections/planning-advice-notes-pans/ (Accessed 16/02/2021)

Scottish Government, 2014. Scottish Planning Policy (Revised December 2020), Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-planning-policy/ (Accessed 16/02/2021)

South Lanarkshire Council, 2015, South Lanarkshire Local Development Plan Adopted 29th June 2015, (Accessed 16/02/2021)

South Lanarkshire Council, 2018, South Lanarkshire Local Development Plan 2, Proposed Plan July 2018, (Accessed 16/02/2021)

South Lanarkshire Council, 2017, South Lanarkshire LDP, Supplementary guidance 9, Natural and Historic Environment, (Accessed 16/02/2021)

Ure, D. 1792. East Kilbride, County of Lanark, OSA, Vol. III, p. 421-429, in The Statistical Account of Scotland. Available at: https://stataccscot.edina.ac.uk/static/statacc/dist/viewer/osa-vol3- Parish_record_for_East_Kilbride_in_the_county_of_Lanark_in_volume_3_of_account_1/, (Accessed 24/02/2021)

6.2. Cartographic References

6.2.1. The following maps were consulted through National Library of Scotland Website (http://maps.nls.uk) and (http://www.oldmapsonline.org/) – last accessed 01/03/2021: Blaeu, 1654, Atlas of Scotland, Available from: https://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/

Thomson’s Atlas of Scotland, 1832. Northern Part of Lanarkshire, Southern Part, Available from: https://maps.nls.uk/atlas/thomson/470.html

Lanarkshire, Six-inch 1st edition, 1843-1882, Sheet XVII (includes: Blantyre; East Kilbride; Glass.), Survey date: 1858, Publication date: 1864

Lanarkshire, Six-inch 2nd edition, 1892-1960, Sheet XVII.SW (includes: Blantyre; East Kilbride; Glass.), Date Revised: 1896, Publication date: 1898

Lanarkshire, Six-inch 2nd edition, 1892-1960, Sheet XVII.SW (includes: Blantyre; East Kilbride; Glass.), Date Revised: 1910, Publication date: 1913

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Lanarkshire, Six-inch 2nd edition, 1892-1960, Sheet XVII.SW (includes: Blantyre; East Kilbride; Glass.), Date Revised: 1946, Publication date: 1949

Moll, H. 1745, The Shire of Clydesdale or Lanerk, Available from: https://maps.nls.uk/rec/235

6.3. Aerial Photography

Sortie Frame Date Location

OS Photomaps Sheet 26_65_SE 01 May 1946 East Drumloch

MER/111/71 0063 07 July 1971 Quarry Fm

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Site Location Plan 657000

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640000 SCALE 1:50,000@ A3

646000 SCALE 0 2,000 m

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660000 17 (! (! Site Boundary 21 1km Study Area 15 35 5km Study Area 14 (! 40 $+ 38 (! $+ 36 $+ $+ 10km Study Area (! 23 Scheduled Monument (! Inventory Battlefield 37 $+ 11 (!(! 12 158 (! Inventory Garden& Designed Landscape $+ Category A Listed Building %, Category B Listed Building 19 (! 65 63 $+ Category C Listed Building %,%, 7 (! 34 31%,$+ 54 (! Conservation Area 32 $+ 25 18 70 64 96 $+ %, $+$+ (! (! $+ 55 Non-statutory Register Sites 33 $+ 48 46 50 *# $+%, $+$+ 53 $+ Non-Designated Assets 2 59 $+$+20 (! (! 71 97 51 $+(! Events (! 26 $+ 52 80 60 156 %, %,103 106 114 56 $+ $+$+$+ $+$+$+$+ 87 42 (! 159 94 $+ 104 91%,(! 105 %, $+ 655000 75%, 28 $+%,%,$+(!$+ 29 ! $+ 43 30$+%,%,74 62 123 45$+$+( 58 $+$+ 73 $+ $+ 44 $+47 49 24 41 121 (! 95 9 $+ 125 $+ 10 (! 82 (! 8 120 $+%, 137*# (! (! %, 85 *# 139 140 *# *#136 6 27 99 (! (! 100 $+ 141 132 138 $+81 57 *# %, $+$+%,$+ 142 143 re2_20210311.mxd 157 101# 93 145 * *# 135 133 151 146*# *# 134 (! *# *# 68 149 89 66%, 147 131 1 *#$+%, (! (! 155%, 67 %,%, FOR 126 130 88 152 *#(! (! 69 CleanEarth Energy *# 128 *#127 Unit 2A *#(! *# Trenant Industrial Estate 124 129 Bess Park Road $+ 153 *# 154 16 22 150 ! Wadebridge (! ( PL27 6HB 650000

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0 500m © OpenStreetMap (and) contributors, CC-BY-SA C:\Users\Anne.marot\Documents\ConsultancyProjects\ 255000 260000 265000 270000 275000 280000 Figure 4

Designated assets within 39 the Study Area and the ZTV $+

Site Boundary 660000 21 (! 1km Study Area 5km Study Area 10km Study Area 40 36 $+ $+ (! Scheduled Monument (! Inventory Battlefield (! 23 (! 11 (! Inventory Garden & Designed Landscape 158 (! 12 $+ (! Category A Listed Building %, Category B Listed Building $+ Category C Listed Building 7 (! (! Conservation Area 34 54 %, 33 $+ 25 96 $+ Non-statutory Register Sites $+ (!$+ $+ 50 Battlefield 48 46 $+$+ $+%, 53 20 Garden and Designed Landscape 2 59 $+ (! 71 97 51 $+(! Conservation Area Extent $+ 52 80 60 156 %, %,$+ 106 112 56 $+ 94 $+ (!$+$+$+$+ 87 (! 159 $+76 72 91%, 105 %, 655000 %,$+ 73 %,$+%,$+(!$+%,30 62 29 125$+77 $+ $+$+ 49 41 58 95 $+ 121 $+ 10 8 82 %,120 (! (! $+ 27 99 100 $+ 57 %,81$+$+%,$+ re4_20210311.mxd 157 101 93

68 66 %, 89 $+%, 67 %, 88 %,%, FOR 69 CleanEarth Energy 124 Unit 2A $+ 16 22 Trenant Industrial Estate (! Bess Park Road (! Wadebridge PL27 6HB 650000

Drawn/checked: AM/SO

DWG no: 01/25439/HIA/04/01 AOC Project No.: 25439

90 $+ Projects\25439_Rigmuir\GIS\Draftfigures\25439_Figu

645000 ¹

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0 2,000m © OpenStreetMap (and) contributors, CC-BY-SA C:\Users\Anne.marot\Documents\ConsultancyProjects\ 264200 264300 264400 264500 264600 Figure 5

Designated assets within

655000 Maxwelton Conservation Area

%, Category B Listed Building $+ Category C Listed Building (! Conservation Area 91 Conservation Area Extent 110 $+ $+ 105 $+ 106 $+ 111 $+ 107 112 $+ $+ 108 113 $+ $+ 109 $+

654900 114 $+ 115 $+ 116 $+

29 (! re5_20210311.mxd

FOR CleanEarth Energy Unit 2A Trenant Industrial Estate Bess Park Road Wadebridge

654800 PL27 6HB

%,62 Drawn/checked: AM/SO

DWG no: 01/25439/HIA/05/01 AOC Project No.: 25439 Projects\25439_Rigmuir\GIS\Draftfigures\25439_Figu

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0 50m © OpenStreetMap (and) contributors, CC-BY-SA C:\Users\Anne.marot\Documents\ConsultancyProjects\ 263400 263500 263600 263700 263800 Figure 6

Designated assets within East Kilbride Conservation Area

%, Category B Listed Building 654700 $+ Category C Listed Building (! Conservation Area Conservation Area Extent

79 %,

119 $+

654600 118 117 $+ $+ 76 102 98 %, $+ $+ 92 $+ 30 re6_20210311.mxd (! 75 %, 73 74 %, 72 %, %, FOR CleanEarth Energy Unit 2A Trenant Industrial Estate 83 77 %, Bess Park Road %, Wadebridge PL27 6HB

84 Drawn/checked: %, AM/SO

654500 DWG no: 01/25439/HIA/06/01

%,78 AOC Project No.: 25439 Projects\25439_Rigmuir\GIS\Draftfigures\25439_Figu

SYSTEM Coordinate System: British National Grid Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: OSGB 1936 654400

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0 50m © OpenStreetMap (and) contributors, CC-BY-SA C:\Users\Anne.marot\Documents\ConsultancyProjects\ Figure 7

Extract from Thomson’s map of 1832

Legend

Approximate Site Location re7_20210303.mxd

FOR CleanEarth Energy Unit 2A Trenant Industrial Estate Bess Park Road Wadebridge PL27 6HB

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Coordinate System: British National Grid Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: OSGB 1936

SCALE

NOT TO SCALE ‘Reproduced by kind permission of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland (C) NLS’ C:\Users\Anne.marot\Documents\ConsultancyProjects\ 265000 266000 267000 Figure 8 653000 Extract from Ordnance Survey Map, 1858

Legend

Site Boundary 652000 re8_20210311.mxd

FOR CleanEarth Energy Unit 2A Trenant Industrial Estate Bess Park Road Wadebridge PL27 6HB

Drawn/checked: AM/SO DWG no: 01/25439/HIA/08/01 AOC Project No.: 25439 Projects\25439_Rigmuir\GIS\Draftfigures\25439_Figu

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Coordinate System: British National Grid Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: OSGB 1936

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0 200m ‘Reproduced by kind permission of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland (C) NLS’ C:\Users\Anne.marot\Documents\ConsultancyProjects\ 265000 266000 267000 Figure 9

653000 Extract from Ordnance Survey Map, 1946

Legend

Site Boundary 652000 re9_20210311.mxd

FOR CleanEarth Energy Unit 2A Trenant Industrial Estate Bess Park Road Wadebridge PL27 6HB

Drawn/checked: AM/SO DWG no: 01/25439/HIA/9/01 AOC Project No.: 25439 Projects\25439_Rigmuir\GIS\Draftfigures\25439_Figu

651000 ¹

SYSTEM

Coordinate System: British National Grid Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: OSGB 1936

SCALE 1:10,000 @ A3

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0 200m ‘Reproduced by kind permission of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland (C) NLS’ C:\Users\Anne.marot\Documents\ConsultancyProjects\ 266000 266500 267000 267500 Figure 10

Landfill area, exclusion zone

Site Boundary

Exclusion Zone 652500 re10_20210311.mxd

FOR CleanEarth Energy Unit 2A Trenant Industrial Estate Bess Park Road Wadebridge 652000 PL27 6HB

Drawn/checked: AM/SO

DWG no: 01/25439/HIA/10/01 AOC Project No.: 25439 Projects\25439_Rigmuir\GIS\Draftfigures\25439_Figu

SYSTEM Coordinate System: British National Grid Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: OSGB 1936

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651500 0 200 m © OpenStreetMap (and) contributors, CC-BY-SA C:\Users\Anne.marot\Documents\ConsultancyProjects\ RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Plate 1: View from Proposed Development towards entrance

Plate 2: View towards existing turbines to the north-west

Plate 3: View from proposed location of Turbine 2 towards existing turbines to the west

Plate 4: View from proposed location of Turbine 4 towards existing turbines to the west

Plate 5: View towards East Kilbride from the location of Site 133

Plate 6: View north-east through central street of Maxwelton Conservation Area

Plate 7: View west through East Kilbride Conservation Area

Plate 8: View towards Site from Site 2

Plate 9: View towards the Site from Site 16

Plate 10: View towards the Site from Site 25

Plate 11: View from south-west corner of ornamental garden Site 41 towards the Site

Plate 12: View from south-west towards Site 48

Plate 13: View from south-west towards Torrence Group

Plate 14: View from Torrence Group facing south-east towards the Site

Rigmuir Wind Turbines, South Lanarkshire Heritage Impact Assessment

Appendix 1: Assets excluded from further assessment

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Appendix 1: Assets excluded from further assessment

Basis for Exclusion from Assessment (e.g. no visibility Site Number Site Name Status Site Type based on ZTV/ no visibility based on site visit)

Out of ZTV 1 Polnoon Castle Scheduled Monument Castle Out of ZTV 3 Avondale Castle Scheduled Monument Castle Tweediehall, mound Scheduled Monument Mound Out of ZTV 4 410m NNE of Scheduled Monument 5 Cot Castle, motte Motte Out of ZTV

Prehistoric Hamilton High Parks, Scheduled Monument domestic and Out of ZTV 6 earthwork defensive

Hamilton Low Parks, No visibility based on Scheduled Monument Motte 7 motte site visit due to trees

Scheduled Monument 9 Cadzow Castle Castle Out of ZTV

Bothwellhaugh, Roman No visibility based on Scheduled Monument Bath house 11 bath house site visit due to trees

No visibility based on Bothwellhaugh, Roman Scheduled Monument Fort site visit set within 12 fort wooded area

Scheduled Monument 14 Greenlees Cottages Motte Out of ZTV

Scheduled Monument 15 Gilbertfield Castle Castle Out of ZTV

Scheduled Monument 17 Blantyre Priory Priory Out of ZTV

Scheduled Monument 18 Long Calderwood, cairn Cairn Out of ZTV

Scheduled Monument 19 Busby Upper Mill Mill Out of ZTV

Not in original Netherton Cross Scheduled Monument Cross 20 location

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

No visibility based on Bothwell Castle Scheduled monument Castle 21 site visit due to trees

Scheduled Monument 24 Fairhill, cairn Cairn Out of ZTV

Scheduled Monument 26 Rough Hill, motte Motte Out of ZTV Garden and Designed 28 Barncluith Landscape Formal Garden Out of ZTV

Category A Listed 31 Crossbasket Building Tower Out of ZTV

Category A Listed The Peel, Busby Tower Out of ZTV 32 Building

Category A Listed No visibility based on Stables, the peel Building 33 Building site visit due to trees

Category A Listed 35 Bothwell Building Church Out of ZTV

Category A Listed Bothwell Bridge Bridge Out of ZTV 37 Building

Category A Listed 38 Gleneden Building Building Out of ZTV

Category A Listed 42 Avon Bridge Building Bridge Out of ZTV

Category A Listed 43 Old Avon Bridge Building Bridge Out of ZTV

Category A Listed 44 Hamilton Monument Building Monument Out of ZTV

Terraced Gardens and Summer Houses, Category A Listed House Out of ZTV 45 Barncluith House, Building Hamilton Brousterland, East Category A Listed Laird’s House Out of ZTV 47 Kilbride Building Former Crawford

House With Assembly Category A Listed 55 Room And Former Building Wall Out of ZTV Hamilton Palace Riding School

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Category B Listed 61 Blackburn Mill Building Mill Out of ZTV

Blantyre Old Parish Category B Listed Church Out of ZTV 63 Church Building Category B Listed 64 Churchyard Building Churchyard Out of ZTV

Category B Listed 65 Shott House Building House Out of ZTV

Category B Listed 70 General's Bridge, Building Bridge Out of ZTV

No visibility based on Laigh markethill Category B Listed Cottage site visit within 80 cottage Building residential area

Category B Listed 85 Newhouse Bridge Building Bridge Out of ZTV

Category B Listed Hunter memorial Memorial Out of ZTV 86 Building

No visibility based on Category C Listed site visit, set within Tollhouse Tollhouse 94 Building an urban environment

No visibility based on Mill Road, Hamilton Category C Listed site visit, set within Church 95 South Church Building an urban environment

No visibility based on Parish council Category C Listed Building site visit within urban 103 chambers Building development

No visibility based on Statue of sir walter Category C Listed 104 Statue site visit within scott Building residential area

Category C Listed Old toll house Tollhouse Out of ZTV 122 Building Boundary Wall, Category C Listed Cottage Out of ZTV 123 Burnhouse Building

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

No longer exist. Non-statutory Register Located within a 156 Knocklegoil Cairn Sites housing estate

Non-statutory Register Motte No visibility based on 157 The tor, torrance Sites site visit

RIGMUIR WIND TURBINES, SOUTH LANARKSHIRE: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Appendix 2: Site Gazetteer

Site Gazetteer

Site Number 1 Site Name Polnoon Castle Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM5259 HER Number Status Designated Easting 258499 Northing 651322 Parish Eaglesham Council East Renfrewshire Description The monument consists of the remains of a late fourteenth-century castle. It is situated on a small tree-covered mound with a steep slope on the W leading to the Polnoon Water. Very little remains except several large sections of random-rubble masonry and a rubble mound about 3m high near the centre of the feature. A ground plan cannot be obtained as the building remains are mostly below ground and overgrown with trees and other vegetation. The substantial sections are located in the NE corner of the site. Their size and thickness indicates a small but sturdy building. There is evidence of vaulting in one portion. The area to be scheduled is a quadrilateral which measures a maximum of 80m NE-SW by 50m NW-SE to include the castle and an area surrounding it which may contain evidence of activity relating to the monument, as shown in red on the attached map. The monument is of national importance as marking the site of a well documented late fourteenth century caste built by Sir John Montgomery with money obtained from the ransom of Henry Percy after the battle of Otterburn. In addition it has the potential to provide further evidence, through excavation, for shedding light on medieval defensive architecture, domestic occupation and the material culture of the people who lived in it.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 2 Site Name Castle Hill,motte Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM5263 HER Number Status Designated Easting 260767 Northing 655520 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument is a motte on a small promontory projecting into the valley of the Kittoch Water. It has been constructed by digging two transverse ditches across the promontory, thereby isolating an oval-shaped area, some 40m (NE-SW) x 18m. The quarried material seems to have been used to raise the height of the enclosed area. The top of the mound is flat, but a raised circular area, 17m in diameter, at the NE end may possibly represent the site of a building, perhaps a keep. The scheduled area includes the mound, ditches, counterscarps and all ground within the fenceline, measuring some 140m (NE-SW) x 80m (NW-SE). Site Gazetteer

The monument is of national importance because of the light that it sheds, and has the potential to shed through archaeological excavation, on the pattern of settlement, the society and the material culture (in particular techniques of fortification) of 11th- and 12th- century Scotland. Its interest is increased by the as yet unexplained proximity of a site of the same type only 150m away at Rough Hill.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 3 Site Name Avondale Castle Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM2619 HER Number Status Designated Easting 270359 Northing 644432 Parish Avondale Council South Lanarkshire Description 'Evandale' Castle fell into disrepair after 1716. Carlisle 1813. The castle stands on a mound that is largely artificial. It is an oblong building 70 feet by 38 feet, with the long axis running east and west. There is a round tower, four storeys high, at the north-west angle and a projecting wing at the south- east corner. The castle itself was three storeys high and the north and east walls still stand, with the central part of the south and the lower part of the west walls. J A Wilson 1936. Avondale Castle seems to have been built in the fifteenth century. D MacGibbon and T Ross 1887. Strathaven Castle (Lanark Co. Council noticeboard). The castle is generally as described by Wilson. It is constructed of rubble masonry, the lower parts of the walls showing signs of coursing, and the remains are in fair condition. Visited by OS (JD) 17 March 1955. NS 7033 4444. A watching brief was carried out on behalf of the District Council during environmental improvement works in the area around the remains of Strathaven, or Avondale Castle. The castle and the park area around it on the E bank of the Powmillon Burn are Scheduled, and the watching brief was a condition of the Scheduled Monument Consent. Landscaping operations on the W side of the Powmillon Burn were restricted to the upper, modern deposits at the corner of Todshill Street and The Cross. Pathlaying operations at the SE corner of the upstanding remains of the castle uncovered the footings of an enclosing wall at the edge of the steep slope above the bum (NS 7034 4442). The wall was constructed of mortared yellow sandstone rubble, and was c 0.9m wide. The line of the wall seemed to continue that of the existing fragments on the NW corner of the extant tower. During the erection of seating on the E side of the castle (NS 7037 4444), mortared sandstone rubble was encountered at a depth of 0.55m. Sponsor: Strathclyde Regional Council.

From Canmore

Site Number 4 Site Name Site Gazetteer

Site Name Tweediehall,mound 410m NNE of Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM2628 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272252 Northing 644405 Parish Stonehouse Council South Lanarkshire Description Prehistoric ritual and funerary: mound (ritual or funerary rather than defensive or domestic) Prehistoric Cairn

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 5 Site Name Cot Castle,motte Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM2627 HER Number Status Designated Easting 273944 Northing 645657 Parish Stonehouse Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument consists of the remains of a motte which stands on a promontory overlooking the Avon Water. The motte is approximately 2m high and roughly 30m across the top. Half of the motte to the SSE has been removed at some point in the last thirty years by persons unkown but the rest is in a stable condition. The area to be scheduled includes the remains of the motte and its sides forming a D-shape. It measures approximately 40m WSW to ENE by 20m and is marked in red on the accompanying map.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 6 Site Name Hamilton High Parks, earthwork 475m NE of High Parks Farm Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM10727 HER Number Status Designated Easting 273422 Northing Site Gazetteer

Northing 653489 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Prehistoric domestic and defensive: enclosure (domestic or defensive, rather than ritual or funerary); fort (includes hill fort and promontory fort)

The monument comprises the remains of a small enclosure, possibly a promontory fort, surviving as substantial earthworks and as buried archaeology, together with an area enclosing the outer defences. The site is located on a promontory high above the W bank of the Avon Water at 75m OD. This earthwork is roughly D-shaped in plan, measuring about 48m E-W by 40m internally. It appears to have consisted of two banks with a medial ditch. The ditch and outer bank are best preserved on the SW where they cut off the neck of the promontory. Elsewhere the ditch is the only feature that survives, and there is no indication that either the banks or the ditch ever continued along the N side. The entrance probably lay somewhere within the wide gap on the WNW. Several seasons of limited excavations in the 1980s recovered little dating evidence, although a silver denarius of Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-80) was found. Some slight evidence of a palisade was revealed. Although the site is likely to have prehistoric origins, it is possible that it was adapted and reused in later times. It is located within the later medieval hunting forest of Cadzow, which may have its origins as part of a demense of the kings of Strathclyde. The earthwork enclosure is only 300m S of Cadzow Castle, and it is possible that it served as a hunting lodge or parker's residence before Cadzow was built in the 16th century. The site is within, and close to, the line of the park pale. One of the plantations of Cadzow Oaks, which have been dated by dendrochronology to the 1460s, is close by the site. The area proposed for scheduling comprises the remains described and an area around them within which related material may be expected to survive. The area is irregular in plan with maximum dimensions of 118m N-S by 127m E-W, as marked in red on the accompanying map. The modern fences are excluded from the scheduling, as is the top 250mm of the modern path.

The monument is of national importance as the remains of a small later prehistoric fortification that has the potential to provide important information about defensive and domestic architecture. Although partly excavated in the 1980s, the site retains the potential to inform our understanding of contemporary economy and land-use. The possibility that it was re-used in the medieval period adds a further dimension of importance, as does its significance in providing time-depth within the nationally important designed landscape of Hamilton Palace.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 7 Site Name Hamilton Low Parks, motte Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM10726 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272686 Northing 656623 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument comprises the remains of a medieval motte and bailey castle, surviving as substantial earthworks and as buried archaeology, together with an area enclosing the outer Site Gazetteer

defences. The site is located 160m SW of a crossing on the Clyde, although the setting is now divorced from the river by the M74 motorway. The artificially constructed motte, situated in a slight rise at 25m OD in the haugh-land of the Clyde, is a flat-topped mound with considerably spread slopes. Its maximum height above the adjacent ground level is 3m, while the diameter of the top is around 18m. The summit would have been accessed from a small bailey, which is stepped down from the summit on the E side. A ditch would have enclosed the earthwork, although there is no surface trace of this now. The site is currently cloaked in dense vegetation. The site is believed to have formed part of an early medieval demesne of the kings of Strathclyde. Until 1922, the 11th-century Nethertoun Cross stood some 60m N of the motte, and the area between the two has long been considered to be the old toun of Cadzow (which was the original name for Hamilton). The motte is likely to be the documented royal residence in which both David I (1124-53) and Alexander III (1249-86) held court. By the 15th century the settlement focus had shifted 700m to the S, to the location where Hamilton Palace and Collegiate church later developed. The motte may have been redundant by this time. The area proposed for scheduling comprises the remains described and an area around them within which related material may be expected to survive. The area is irregular on plan, with maximum dimensions of 140m E-W by 155m N-S, as marked in red on the accompanying map. The modern fences are excluded from the scheduling.

The monument is of national importance as the well preserved remains of a documented, early royal castle, in association with an important pre-burghal settlement. The site has the potential to provide information on the development and form of such earthwork castles, on a site with likely pre-feudal origins. The monument is also likely to contain evidence which would inform a wider understanding of modest royal castle and court sites of this period. The immediate surrounding area has the potential to provide important archaeological information regarding the infrastructure of such residences, notably the remains of domestic and ancillary ranges.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 8 Site Name Regional War Room, 130m NW of Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM11068 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264205 Northing 653400 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument consists of the Western Zone Regional War Room. This Cold War defensive and administrative bunker, of mass concrete construction, is now within the East Kilbride Technology Park. The bunker survives largely intact complete with its original layout of administrative and domestic rooms, together with the ventilation plant. The monument stands entirely above ground. Fourteen War Rooms including East Kilbride were built in the early 1950s as part of a UK Defence Programme. The East Kilbride War Room is one of the best preserved in the UK. It was predicted in the early 1950s that the next war would be similar to World War 2, that it would last for months, if not years, and Britain would suffer aerial attacks. The majority of attacks would be from conventional bombs; however it was anticipated that some atomic weapons could be used. The civil defence effort would be directed from the War Room, with a direct link by telephone and telegraph to the Central War Room in London. Scotland was split into an Eastern and Western zone, East Kilbride being the Western HQ, Site Gazetteer

while the other War Room was at Kirknewton, outside Edinburgh. The role of the War Room was seen as very much short term. It was calculated that the maximum amount of time that would be spent by the staff there would be only 3 weeks, and after this the area affected by nuclear attack would be 'up and running'. With the development of the H-Bomb during the late 1950s, the War Rooms became obsolete, as they were not designed to cope with the long-term effects of a bomb that would create such widespread damage. From 1960 Regional Seats of Government were formed, in an effort to cope in the event of an H-Bomb attack on Britain. The Scottish Western Zone was moved to Torrance House nearby in East Kilbride. The War Room in East Kilbride was then taken over as the Glasgow Group Control with jurisdiction over North Lanarkshire, parts of Renfrewshire and Dumbartonshire. Following the disbanding of the Civil Defence Corps in 1968 the building was put into care and maintenance until 1974, when it was reactivated as the Strathclyde County Control, remaining operational until 1996. The War Room has been vacant since 1996. The War Room was originally enclosed by a 10m wide earth bund planted with conifers, which was to serve as blast protection. This has been entirely removed and is to be replaced by the owner with a modern bund and tree planting. The bunker is a single storey, rectangular-plan blockhouse, with a continuous concrete wall. There is an entrance bay to each side of recessed advanced central section, with a timber door with glazed viewing panel to each entrance. It has a flat concrete roof, with three concrete ventilation towers arranged above the advanced, stepped central section. The bunker measures 25.5m SW-NE by 23.4m SE-NW. The outer walls and roof slab are approximately 1.5m thick. The facades are generally featureless with the exception of the radiation monitoring apparatus mounted on the SE side. The interior has two internal red metal blast doors to each side of an advanced section leading to a continuous corridor around all four sides of the building, with small rooms running off to right and left. There is a central large Operation Room with windows to four internal rooms; some of the windows were boarded and used as message passing windows. The ventilation and power plant rooms survive intact with original fittings, including the standby generator dated 1954, with associated control cabinet and a large bank of standby lead acid batteries. Other fittings include clocks in most rooms and ventilation ducts throughout. The area proposed for scheduling comprises the remains described, together with a 3m wide area around the outside that includes the perimeter track. All paths, boundary fences and earth bunds are to be excluded from the scheduling. This area measures 32.2m SW-NE by 31.5m SE-NW, as marked in red on the accompanying map extract.

The monument is of national importance as the well preserved remains of part of a national system of Civil Defence, designed to deal with the aftermath of a specific threat at one point in time, that of a Soviet A-bomb attack on west central Scotland. It was one of the first civil defence structures built in response to the onset of the Cold War. The national importance is reinforced by the fact that the structure was rendered obsolete, almost before the concrete was dry, by the speed of the development of weapons of mass destruction in the mid 20th century. The building is a monument to the politics of the world in which it was created.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 9 Site Name Cadzow Castle Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM90342 HER Number Status Designated Easting 273443 Northing 653764 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Site Gazetteer

Description The monument comprises the remains of a late medieval castle, which survives as substantial stone structures, earthworks and buried archaeology, together with an area enclosing the outer defences. The castle is located on a promontory above the deeply wooded gorge of the Avon Water, bounded by steep cliffs to N and E. The main elements of the castle are set below the brow of the hill, below the direct sight-line of any besieging artillery. Cadzow is rarely mentioned in historic sources, although the architectural evidence'for example, the 'dumb-bell' and 'wide-mouthed' gun loops'suggests that it was built sometime between 1500 and 1550. It is possible that Sir James Hamilton of Finnart began its construction when he was made guardian of the 2nd Earl of Hamilton in 1529, and the earl may have continued work on it himself in the 1540s. The Hamiltons were very much to the fore in the politics of state surrounding Mary Queen of Scots, focussed on Hamilton castle which is located only 2.3km to the N. Cadzow is likely to have been involved in the considerable military activity in the area at this time. The Queen took Hamilton and Craignethan in 1565. Hamilton was taken again in 1568, then in 1570, and finally in 1579 when cannon were employed from Edinburgh Castle. Hamilton castle was demolished at this time and, although no specific mention is made of Cadzow, it is likely to have met a similar fate. The castle consists of three concentric parts:- 1. Outer ward:' this is a large ditched enclosure to the W and S of the core, roughly triangular in plan and over 300m wide along the line of the ditch. The S part has been heavily disturbed by the construction 19th-century roads. The entire enclosure is currently overgrown with trees and vegetation, almost impenetrable in parts. 2. Middle ward:' the middle ward is now chiefly visible to the W, while the S part is cut through by the roads mentioned above. Masonry structures have been observed to the S of the road, and recorded in the RCAHMS plan. The N range of the middle ward is the best-preserved structure, 32m long with a 9m wide basement, originally with a timber first floor. Both floors had rows of windows, the effect being reminiscent of a barracks. 3. Inner ward:' the inner ward is comprised mainly of an overgrown mound, masking ranges and/or a tower on the cliff-edge. The N façade, above the gorge has been the subject of current repair works following collapse in 1999. The two S corners have projecting cylindrical towers. A vertical shaft is visible at the NW corner, possibly a well. There is evidence of a timber bridge entry on the W side over the rock-cut ditch that divides these two wards. The principle domestic apartments are likely to have been within the inner ward. The large upstanding W-facing wall has a pronounced batter, which is most unusual. Cadzow may not have been re-occupied following the siege of 1579. The 5th Duke of Hamilton built the hunting lodge of Chatelherault close by, to the NE, in 1732. From then on the rugged picturesque ruins of Cadzow were incorporated into the formal landscaping of the High Parks of Hamilton Palace, providing a gothic counterpoint to the classical symmetry of Chatelherault. Recent archaeological recordings as part of current consolidation works has revealed that the wall heads on the N side of the inner ward had been artificially raised, and that a thick clay capping was spread over the structures here to act as waterproofing. Elsewhere the castle exhibits strong evidence of masonry works to 'romanticise' the ruins in the 18th and 19th century. This part of the Hamilton High Park was purchased by the Secretary of State for Scotland in 1978. Cadzow Castle remains in the ownership of the Scottish Ministers and is cared for by Historic Scotland. The area proposed for scheduling comprises the remains described and an area around them within which related material may be expected to be found. The area proposed for scheduling is the same as that of the property in the ownership of the Scottish Ministers. The area is irregular in plan with maximum dimensions of 109m N-S by 186m E-W, as marked in red on the accompanying map. The modern fences are excluded from the scheduling, as is the upper 300mm surface of all modern roads and paths, to allow for their maintenance.

The monument is of national importance as the well-preserved remains of a late medieval castle, designed with artillery defence and offence in mind. This is a relatively rare example of a type of 'hidden' castle, meant as a place of last resort, and as such is comparable with Craignethan Castle, also built by James Hamilton of Finnart. The site has the potential to contain data on the development and form of such castles. The outer ward has the potential to provide important archaeological information regarding the infrastructure of such residences, notably the remains of domestic and ancillary ranges. Moreover, the site is considered to have the potential to inform an understanding of the development of artillery defences, within the Site Gazetteer

context of the last days of medieval castle building. An especially unusual, but also important, aspect of the site is the evidence of works in the post-medieval period to create a romanticised vision of antiquity, forming a key element of the Hamilton High Parks designed landscape. The national importance of the monument is reflected in its status as a Property In Care.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 10 Site Name Hamilton High Parks, park pale Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM10733 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272997 Northing 653627 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument comprises the remains of a medieval park pale, surviving in two parts as substantial earthworks and as buried archaeology, together with an area which would have contained an associated ditch. This earthwork has been identified as part of the medieval park pale attached to Cadzow Castle. The bank extends between two streams and cuts off an area of high ground in an angle of the Avon Water. It is now chiefly visible within the woods at its W extremity, although until the 1950s its line could be followed through improved fields marked by a line of trees, up to its surviving SE end. On average it survives to about 5m wide and 0.7m in maximum height. The Park of Cadzow was acquired by James, first Lord Roslin in 1445. In this context, a park was an enclosed game reserve surrounded by a ditch and bank, on top of which was a palisade. It is possible that the park was originally associated with the royal castle at Cadzow motte. It is also possible that an earthwork at the SE end of the pale may be identified with a parker's lodge or hunthall, also associated with the reserve. The area proposed for scheduling comprises the remains described and the area to either side that is likely to have contained an associated ditch. The NW linear area is 225m NW-SE in length by 25m in width, while the smaller SE part is 41m N-S by 22m in width, as marked in red on the accompanying map. The modern fences are excluded from the scheduling.

The monument is of national importance as the partially preserved remains of a documented medieval park pale, possibly associated with both the royal castle at Cadzow motte, and the later medieval Cadzow Castle. The earthwork has the potential to contain data on the development and practice of the infrastructure associated with lordly hunting. Furthermore the site has the potential to provide archaeological data related to farming and landuse in medieval and earlier times.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 11 Site Name Bothwellhaugh, Roman bath house Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM3409 HER Number Site Gazetteer

HER Number Status Designated Easting 272963 Northing 657872 Parish Dalziel Council North Lanarkshire Description NS 729 578. A Roman bath-house was discovered in 1973 close to the left bank of the South Calder Water 95m NW of Bothwellhaugh Roman fort (NS75NW 2). It was fully excavated in 1975 before the area was to be flooded by an artificial loch. It was a normal type with a coldroom, two warm rooms, a hot room and a semi-circular plunge bath (which was apparently a secondary addition). Brick, tile, and sherds of Antonine date were recovered.

Field Visit (13 March 1980) Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Revision Programme NS 7295 5788. The 1975 excavation has been backfilled but the extent of the investigated area can be detected in the present turf-line. The waters of the loch have not covered this area as originally planned (RCAHMS 1978) and the small adjacent pond (shown on OS 1:1250 1959) has been drained. Surveyed at 1:1250. Visited by OS (MJF) 13 March 1980.

Display (1980 - 1982) In September 1980 the Friends of Hamilton Museum proposed to re-excavate the remains of the bathhouse, dismantle and rebuild it on the present ground level. On approval from the Ancient Monuments Board for Scotland and accepted by the Manpower Services Commission as a Youth Opportunities Project, Motherwell District Council undertook the work to present the remains to the public as a permanent attraction within Strathclyde Country park. Information from Lawrence Keppie 1981

Note (April 2017) Archaeology InSites Bathhouses Roman forts were provided with bathhouses (balnea) for the soldiers. These are often located just outside a fort, in an annexe (enclosed area attached to a fort), or inside but close to the edge. They were away from the main buildings because of the fire risk that they posed. This was because bathhouses had hot rooms heated by a hypocaust system - underfloor heating provided by a furnace. Bathhouses contained several rooms (Bearsden had eight, Bothwellhaugh seven, Bar Hill around six), which were usually entered in a sequence, the bather returning the same way. Not all rooms were present in every bathhouse, but could include: * Changing room, where a soldier would remove his clothes (but keep footwear on – the floors could get very hot!) * Cold room (Frigidarium) * Cold plunge bath * Warm rooms (Tepidaria) * Hot room (Caldarium) * Hot bath The furnace room (praefurnium) sat beyond the hot rooms. Turkish baths are the closest modern-day parallel to Roman bathhouses. We don’t know how often men bathed nor how frequently water was changed in the baths - they were probably used by around 500 men! They used a curved metal blade, known as a strigil, to scrape oil and dirt from the skin in a hot room or after exercise (http://collections.gla.ac.uk/#details=ecatalogue.123109). It is possible that they relaxed and played games in the bathhouses – a gaming board was found in the granary at Bearsden. Excavations in the bathhouse there also found a sandstone head of a goddess (https://vimeo.com/129135972) and a fountainhead with a gaping mouth – all are now on display in the Hunterian Museum. Site Gazetteer

Excavations in the cold room at Bothwellhaugh revealed an attractive floral drain cover, with the water draining away between the petals. This is now in the Hunterian Museum (http://collections.gla.ac.uk/#details=ecatalogue.125932). Latrines And of course, soldiers need to go to the toilet! But this was a communal activity, with toilet blocks seating several soldiers together. A number of latrines have been found in Scotland. At Castlecary, excavations in 1902 revealed the toilet block separate from the bathhouse, but flushed by drains from the fort. These took the sewage through the wall of the fort and outside into the ditches. At Bearsden, the toilet had nine seats – stone seats with holes have been found, but excavations on Hadrian’s Wall have found wooden seats so they presumably had wooden seats on top – rather warmer to sit on than stone in the winter months! Underneath the seats, the sewage channel was flushed by water from the bathhouse, showing careful and sensible design. Moss was found in the sewage, suggesting that soldiers used this to clean themselves in the toilet. The sewage from the latrine at Bearsden drained through the rampart and into the ditches, where it could still be smelt whilst being excavated almost 2,000 years later. Dr Rebecca Jones - Head of Archaeology and World Heritage

From Canmore

Site Number 12 Site Name Bothwellhaugh,Roman fort Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM1140 HER Number Status Designated Easting 273073 Northing 657777 Parish Dalziel Council North Lanarkshire Description The Roman fort of Bothwellhaugh occupies a strong defensive position at the W end of a broad, level promontory, protected on the NW and SW by an abrupt fall of 16m to the banks of the South Calder Water and the River Clyde respectively. There is an extensive area of flat ground between the fort and the equally steep NE flank of the promontory. The easiest access was by way of the comparatively narrow neck of the promontory on the E. The site is at present obscured by a dense growth of scrub, and only the SE and NE ramparts can still be clearly seen above ground, the former appearing as a grassy bank standing 1.5m in maximum height and spread in places to a thickness of more than 15m, the latter, 1.1m in average height, being partly masked by a modern track and a field boundary that cut obliquely across it. Excavation showed that the fort was trapezoidal on plan; its dimensions over the rampart were approximately 152m by 131m and it occupied an area of 1.65ha (4.1 acres). The main defence had been a clay rampart measuring from 7.2m to 8.1m in thickness, the inner and outer face of which were originally supported by a stone base. There was evidence to show that at some time the rampart front, at least on the NE, had been repaired. It is possible that the curious stepped appearance of the rampart foundation on the SW may also have resulted from a secondary repair. The ditches varied in number and dimensions: two were considered necessary on the more vulnerable NE and SE, but apparently only one on each of the remaining sides; at Roman ground-level the ditches measured from 5.2m to 1.5m in width and from 1.2m to 0.6m in depth, the deepest and widest being found on the SE front. The positions of all the entrances except that on the SW have been approximately determined by excavation but none has been examined in detail. Little is known about the street plan or the internal buildings, save that some structures at least were of timber and exhibited two structural phases. (See NS75NW 23 for associated bath-house). Site Gazetteer

RCAHMS 1978, visited 1973; J M Davidson 1952; RCAHMS 1967; 1968 When visited in 1953, the site was under scrub and the SE and SW ramparts of the fort were seen as a much spread low mound varying from 10 to 20m in width and 0.7m high. The NW side was only recognisable at its N end, about 0.2m high and spread to 10m. A pathway overlies the NE rampart which is spread to about 12m but is 1.2m above the field to the N. There are no indications of the ditches, and no internal features were visible. Visited by OS (JLD) 10 September 1953. Centred NS 7307 5777. The remains of the fort, which lie in the new Strathclyde Country Park, are covered by scrub vegetation and rough grassland. The SE rampart is very pronounced being approximately 1.2m high and spread to a width of up to 15.0m. The courses of the double ditches on its E side are now only visible as a 20.0m wide shallow and amorphous reed-filled depression. The SW rampart averages 0.7m in height and it is spread to 10.0m in width. There is no evidence of the NW rampart but a line of sunken concrete cisterns near its course indicates extensive mutilation of this area during the military occupation in the 1940s. The course of the NE rampart is at least partially covered by the old hedgerow and metalled path which now indicate its line. None of the entrances can be positively identified on the ground although slight lowerings of the NE and SE ramparts may indicate their positions and a dip in the path on the NW side is probably the site of the gap. The outlines of many of the backfilled excavation trenches can still be detected. Surveyed at 1:1250. Visited by OS (MJF) 7 March 1980. A watching-brief by Scotia Archaeology, during excavation of a sewer trench 120m NW of the defences and c.34m N of the external bath-house showed that the ground had been comprehensively disturbed; no archaeological activity of any kind was observed. L J F Keppie 1995

From Canmore

Site Number 14 Site Name Greenlees Cottages, motte SE of Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM3334 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263876 Northing 658486 Parish Cambuslang Council South Lanarkshire Description Kirk Burn This motte is situated in a small wood SE of Greenlees Cottages. It now appears as a detached, round, flat-topped mound, 49' in diameter on the summit, and 120' diameter at the base. There is a shoulder, and a road winding up to the summit. On the E it slopes steeply to the burn; there are ditches on S and N, but no evidence of such on the W, where it is 8' high. J A Wilson 1929. This motte, as described above, defended by a ditch and a natural stream gully, is highest on the E and N, where it is 8.3m above the surrounding land. The projecting shoulder on the N slopes gently in that direction. Its summit diameter is 8.3m. Surveyed at 1:2500. Visited by OS (J L D) 14 August 1953.

From Canmore Site Gazetteer

Site Number 15 Site Name Gilbertfield Castle Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM5270 HER Number Status Designated Easting 265305 Northing 658725 Parish Cambuslang Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument consists of the remains of Gilbertfield, also called Gilbertfiled castle, a seventeenth century L-shaped mansion situated on the lower slopes of Dechmont Hill. The remaining structure is rectangular, the SE wing having been demolished. The four-storey house is aligned N-S and measures 14.6m by 8.5m over walls 0.9m thick. The walls are complete to wallhead (10m) although they are showing signs of decay. There are two crowstepped gables intact to a height of 17m, one in the N wall and one in the S end of the W wall. In the NW angle there is a corbelled turret. The masonry is coursed sandstone bonded with lime mortar. The entrance is in the E angle. The lobby is partly rubble filled as a result of the collapse of the stairs. This passage leads to the main newel stairwell. The rooms in the ground floor were all vaulted but only that over the N cellar is intact. The kitchen was in the demolished SE wing. The dining room took up the S portion of the first floor and was connected to the kitchen by a service stair in the SW wall. The N parlour is accessible through a corridor that runs parallel to the main staircase. There were three bedrooms in each of the two upper floors. Large windows light the S, W and E sides, two of which have decorative gun-holes in their sills. The main staircase has several smaller windows. The area to be scheduled is square with sides measuring a maximum of 30m to include the mansion, as shown in red on the accompanying map.

The monument is of national importance as a particularly good example of a dwelling house which illustrates the transition between defensive keep and the modern mansion house. It is therefore important both architecturally and historically.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 16 Site Name Crooked Stone, standing stone 225m N of Crookedstone Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM4226 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272382 Northing 650048 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument is a standing stone of unknown date: either prehistoric (late third or second millennium BC) or medieval (c AD 600-1400). It stands approximately 1.8m high and is roughly 0.35m square in cross-section at the base, tapering to 0.3m wide by 0.2m thick at the top. The Site Gazetteer

stone is situated on undulating arable land to the S of the Powforth Burn, a tributary of the Avon Water and River Clyde. It stands about 170m above sea level with extensive views to the E and NE. The scheduled area is circular on plan, 10m in diameter, centred on the stone. The scheduled area includes the stone described above and an area around it in which evidence for the monument's construction, use and abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map.

The monument is a standing stone of unknown date: either prehistoric (late third or second millennium BC) or medieval (c AD 600-1400). It stands approximately 1.8m high and is roughly 0.35m square in cross-section at the base, tapering to 0.3m wide by 0.2m thick at the top. The stone is situated on undulating arable land to the S of the Powforth Burn, a tributary of the Avon Water and River Clyde. It stands about 170m above sea level with extensive views to the E and NE. The monument was first scheduled in 1979, but the documentation did not meet modern standards: the present amendment rectifies this. The stone appears to be in its original location. It was set upright from a leaning position in the early 1800s (hence the name Crooked Stone on antiquarian maps), and now leans slightly to the NW. It is of slender, regular proportions and appears to have been dressed originally, though now weathered, which suggests it may be a medieval cross-shaft, rather than a prehistoric standing stone. There is possible evidence of carving in the form of a curving linear incised groove on the W face of the stone, which may be deliberate. The date '1889' has been inscribed on the E face, but is not original. Several small boulders at its base are likely to signify more recent field clearance.

The scheduled area is circular on plan, 10m in diameter, centred on the stone. The scheduled area includes the stone described above and an area around it in which evidence for the monument's construction, use and abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. This monument is of national importance because it can make a significant addition to our understanding of the past, particularly the dating and function of standing stones. Crooked Stone is recorded on antiquarian maps and retains a slender, dressed and uniform shape, which suggests it is perhaps more likely to be a medieval cross-shaft than a prehistoric standing stone. There is high potential that archaeological investigation of the stone and its immediate vicinity would clarify its date, function and original context. Whatever its date, the stone is likely to have been a focal point in the landscape from the time of its erection onwards. Crooked Stone is rare in the Lanarkshire context as many of the recorded standing stones and crosses which may once have marked route-ways from the valley of the River Clyde have not survived. The loss of the monument would impede our ability to understand the placing and function of such monuments within the landscape of the Clyde valley.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 17 Site Name Blantyre Priory Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM2251 HER Number Status Designated Easting 268590 Northing 659375 Parish Blantyre Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument is the remains of Blantyre Priory, a small monastery founded in the early 13th Site Gazetteer

century. The priory is visible as a group of ruinous masonry structures and earthworks. Remains of the priory's main buildings lie at the eastern side of the site, on the edge of a cliff above the west bank of the River Clyde. The visible building remains cover an area measuring about 30m north-south by 12m transversely. The building at the north end has been identified as the prior's house. To the south lies a small courtyard and remains of at least three other stone buildings. A larger courtyard or 'garth' is located on higher ground to the west of the buildings. Parts of a boundary wall of roughly hewn sandstone blocks are visible enclosing the site to the north, west and south. A ditch with outer bank lies beyond the west boundary wall, extending for approximately 27m. The monument overlooks the River Clyde and stands about 20m above sea-level. The scheduled area is irregular on plan to include the remains described above and an area around in which evidence for the monument's construction, use and abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The scheduling specifically excludes the above-ground elements of all modern post and wire fences.

Cultural Significance The monument's cultural significance can be expressed as follows: Intrinsic Characteristics The priory buildings are sited along a cliff on the west bank of the River Clyde. MacGibbon and Ross (1896-7) identified the building at the north end of the cluster as the prior's house. It comprises ground floor rooms separated by a stair well that gave access to a first floor. In 2014, the walls stood about 1.5m high being best preserved on the north side. A small courtyard lies south of this building at the west end and to the east is the east wall of a second building with windows overlooking the Clyde. To the south of the courtyard, a fragment of the west wall of a third building has been recorded as containing a stone basin or 'stoup'; this led to the suggestion that it was the chapel, though MacGibbon and Ross (1896-7) suggest that the church is more likely to have stood to the south of the visible buildings. Remains of a fourth building with evidence for a vault lie at the southeast end of the cluster. The boundary wall stood about 4m high in 2014 on the north side; on the west and south sides it was no more than 0.5m high. Beyond the west wall, the ditch and bank are substantial features; in 2014 the bank was some 1.5m high measuring from the base of the ditch. Although the upstanding remains are in ruinous condition, the monument appears to be in relatively stable condition, with high potential for buried archaeological remains to survive in good condition. Study of both the upstanding structures and the buried remains has high potential to provide important information about the layout, development sequence and abandonment of the priory. There is particular potential for evidence about the position of the priory church, the relationship between the priory and the external ditch and bank, and any structural changes associated with the priory's later function as a private residence. More widely, the site has the potential to inform study of medieval monastic religious practice, society and economy. Historical records suggest a development sequence, with the priory being founded in the first half of the 13th century and remaining in use until the Reformation in the later 16th century. The priory was secularised in 1599 and passed to the Stewarts who used the buildings as a private residence. Lady Blantyre and her daughters left the priory in 1606 leaving Lord Blantyre behind. It is not clear when the priory was finally abandoned. For most of its occupation, the monument served spiritual, social and economic functions. Later, when it became secularised, it served a domestic function. Contextual Characteristics Priories often conform to a relatively standardised layout. This example is of particular interest as the arrangement has been partially dictated by the distinctive topography of the site. The priory has made good use of the steep cliffs to the east and the north to add to the physical and symbolical demarcation of the priory from the outside world, while making the buildings imposing. However, the uneven ground has confined the priory buildings to a relatively small area of flat land along the cliff edge, with the garth being positioned on higher ground between the buildings and the boundary wall to the west. Bothwell Castle (scheduled monument reference SM90038, Canmore ID 44889) is located on the opposite bank of the River Clyde and faced the priory, but was not held by the families who endowed the priory. Blantyre Priory was probably founded by Patrick, Earl of Dunbar and his wife and was occupied by monks of the Augustinian order. Both Blantyre Priory and Restenneth Priory in Angus (SM 90246, Canmore 33745) were cells of Jedburgh Abbey (SM 13126, Canmore ID 57020). Associative Characteristics Site Gazetteer

Historical sources suggest the abbey was founded by Patrick, Earl of Dunbar and his wife in the first half of the 13th century and maintained as a cell of Jedburgh Abbey. The priory was secularised in 1599 and passed to the Stewarts who used the buildings as a private residence. Lady Blantyre and her daughters left the priory in 1606 leaving Lord Blantyre behind. It is not clear when the priory was finally abandoned. The monument reflects medieval cultural preferences for the display of wealth and status through the patronage of monastic foundations. The form of the monument and its architectural details reflect medieval monastic spiritual devotion through worship, work and study. National importance The monument is of national importance because it has an inherent potential to make a significant contribution to our understanding of medieval monasteries, religious practice and the funding of monasteries by high status families. There is potential for relatively complex archaeology to survive which, along with analysis of the upstanding structures, can provide important information about the layout, development sequence and abandonment of the priory. In particular, there is potential to understand the position of the priory church, the relationship between the priory and the external bank and ditch and probable structural changes associated with the priory's later function as a private residence. The site is particularly important because this priory had a non-standard layout, showing how its builders responded to the opportunities and constraints of a cliff-top site. The loss of the monument would greatly diminish our ability to understand the character, chronology, adaptation and abandonment of one of Scotland's smaller monasteries.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 18 Site Name Long Calderwood, cairn 40m SSW of 1 Cadell Gardens Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM4701 HER Number Status Designated Easting 265775 Northing 656147 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument is a burial cairn dating probably to the Bronze Age (between around 2000 BC and 800 BC). It is visible as a truncated, grass-covered, roughly circular mound, with a depression in its centre. The cairn measures approximately 20m in diameter and survives up to a height of 1m in places. The monument is located at about 150m OD, close to the River Calder. The scheduled area is an irregular shape on plan to include the remains described above and an area around them within which evidence relating to the monument's construction, use and abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The scheduling specifically excludes the above-ground elements of all public realm infrastructure, including the top 300mm of modern surfaces and post-and-wire fencing to allow for their maintenance.

The monument is a burial cairn dating probably to the Bronze Age (between around 2000 BC and 800 BC). It is visible as a truncated, grass-covered, roughly circular mound, with a depression in its centre. The cairn measures approximately 20m in diameter and survives up to a height of 1m in places. The monument is located at about 150m OD, close to the River Calder. The monument was first scheduled in 1989, but the documentation did not meet modern standards: the present amendment rectifies this. The scheduled area is an irregular shape on plan to include the remains described above and Site Gazetteer

an area around them within which evidence relating to the monument's construction, use and abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The scheduling specifically excludes the above-ground elements of all public realm infrastructure, including the top 300mm of modern surfaces and post-and-wire fencing to allow for their maintenance.

The monument is of national importance as the remains of a substantial round cairn with the potential to make a significant addition to our understanding of the design, construction and use of burial monuments and the nature of belief systems and burial practices during the Bronze Age in Scotland. Ritual and funerary monuments are often our main source of evidence for human activity during the Bronze Age. They are particularly important for enhancing our understanding of Bronze Age society, its organisation, economy, religion and demography. Despite some disturbance both in the past and by recent development, this cairn is reasonably well-preserved and retains high potential for buried archaeological remains, including human burials, associated grave goods and palaeoenvironmental evidence, which could enhance our understanding of its construction, development sequence and period of use, and the nature of prehistoric funerary practices and associated activities. Today its landscape setting is partly obscured by amenity woodland and modern development, but originally the monument occupied a prominent location above the Clyde valley and it may have been intervisible with at least two other cairns nearby that have since been destroyed. The loss of the monument would significantly diminish our ability to appreciate and understand funerary practice, death and burial in prehistoric times, and the placing of such monuments within the landscape.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 19 Site Name Busby Upper Mill, cotton mill 60m N of 1 Cartview Court Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM12899 HER Number Status Designated Easting 257943 Northing 656746 Parish Mearns Council East Renfrewshire Description The monument comprises the remains of Busby Upper Mill, a water-powered cotton mill built in 1780. It is visible as a range of surviving structural elements and lies on a partially artificial level terrace on the W bank of the White Cart Water at around 70m above sea level. Across the terraced space and in the White Cart itself, elements of the mill and its lade system survive. Starting at the S end of the site, the upper dam and sluice are visible. The dam stretches across the river from NW-SE and is still visible as a partially submerged line of masonry. This represents only the lower courses of the structure, which would initially have stood around 2m in height and with its upper section constructed of wood. Slightly upstream of this, another line of masonry is visible, although it is unclear what function this second line served. It may have served as a barrier defence for the dam itself, protecting the wooden structure from damage by large debris being carried downstream. The sluice gate survives in the western end of the dam. This gate would have controlled the flow of water into the lade system when the mill was in operation. It survives in situ as a sturdy timber and iron gate with the iron mechanism for raising and lowering the sluice surviving above. To the west of the sluice gate is the beginning of the lade system itself. A small dam, measuring around 4m E-W by 1.5m transversely, has a now-blocked intake arch leading into the upper pond. This would formerly have been a reservoir for the lade system and measures around 25m NNW-SSE by 10.5m transversely, with a maximum depth of around 2m. At the northern end of the pond the water Site Gazetteer

would previously have flowed through a gap in the masonry towards the mill wheel itself, but this was later changed to a large iron pipe leading into the wheel pit. North of the upper pond is the site of the mill building. The most prominent surviving features of the structure today are the wheel pit and the surviving wall elements (used to terrace back the slope on the W side). The wheel pit survives as a deep rectilinear brick and stone pit, measuring around 7m NNW- SSE by 2.5m transversely with a maximum depth of around 2m, although this would originally have been deeper and the pit is now partially filled with debris. At the bottom of the E side of the pit a small channel is just visible. This may represent the original tailrace for the mill prior to the construction of the Lower Mill further downstream. In the north of the wheel pit is a second channel that exits into the tunnel and led to the Lower Mill (once it had been constructed). On the W side of the pit are a series of walls which terrace the steep slope on this side. This was necessary, in combination with the reclamation of land into the river, to create space for the mill. Today, this terracing is visible in the two terracing walls and the surviving corner of the mill building overlooking the wheel pit. The mill building was demolished around 1900 and no images of the building survive, but early Ordnance Survey mapping indicates that it was a roughly L-shaped structure, measuring around 40m NW-SE by 35m transversely. Descriptions of the mill suggest it was a three-storey rubble-built structure with attic space. The description also states that the mill had its own blacksmith's workshop and that the lade passed over the roof of the workshop in a wooden channel, just before it reached the overshot waterwheel. In the surviving section of terracing wall (which is likely a wall of the mill itself), a pitched roof-line is clearly visible in the wall directly before the wheel pit and undoubtedly indicates the location of the smithy in question. Beyond the mill, the water was channelled further downstream in order to feed the Lower Mill site, constructed in 1790. This was achieved by the excavation of a tunnel between the two mills. The first section of this leads north out of the Upper Mill wheel pit. This section of the tunnel is of stone-lined construction and then the middle section turns to a brick-lined form. Around halfway along this middle section, there is an opening into the lade. This is listed as a well on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey mapping and does appear to be a deliberate inclusion on the lade system, as there is no evidence of any significant collapse around the gap. Beyond this opening the tunnel continues north in its brick-lined form until it reaches the whinstone outcrop which separates the upper and lower mill sites. Through this the tunnel is roughly hewn out of the rock and unlined before emerging into an open lade leading to the lower mill on the N side. Around halfway along the rock outcrop can be seen the remains of the lower dam. This second dam was constructed with the lower mill and allowed the two mills to function independently or in unison, as circumstances required. It survives today as a weir running roughly W-E across the river. On its E end several courses of masonry from the dam survive and just upstream of the dam, on the west, is the lower intake sluice, which led directly into the rock-cut section of tunnel. Along the W side of the White Cart Water can be seen the remains of the land reclamation scheme which was required to create the space for the Upper Mill. This is visible as a 2m-high revetting wall of ashlar masonry running along the W bank from the waterfall to the rock outcrop. In the bed of the river in front of the wall is a wide strip of large boulders, deliberately placed here to protect the revetting wall from the risk of erosion or damage by the river or the large-scale debris it commonly carries along this section. The area to be scheduled is irregular on plan, with maximum dimensions of around 180m NNW-SSE by 45m transversely, to include the remains described above and an area around them within which evidence relating to the monument's construction, use and abandonment may survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. Specifically excluded from the scheduling are the above-ground elements of the sewer crossing the site to allow for their maintenance. Cultural Significance The monument's cultural significance can be expressed as follows: Intrinsic characteristics The monument consists of the well-preserved remains of Busby Upper Mill, a water-powered cotton mill dating to the late 18th century. The site of the mill has suffered little disturbance since the mill building itself was demolished around 1900. Therefore, the site has excellent potential to preserve archaeological deposits relating to its construction, use and abandonment. In order to construct the mill, large-scale engineering work was required. This included the demolition of the two earlier mills on or near the site, the terracing of the slope and the reclamation of land into the river. It also appears that the cliff on the opposite bank may have been cut or blasted back to widen the gorge and evidence for the methods and execution of these works is likely to survive on the site. The evidence also suggests the remains of the earlier mills were utilised in the landscaping of the site for the later mill. It is possible that elements of these remains may also survive which could supply more information on the predecessors of the Upper Mill. The remains of the mill buildings and the surrounding features Site Gazetteer

are likely to preserve a wide range of buried material relating to the construction, development, use and abandonment of the site as a whole. The waterlogged sections of the lade system could preserve a wide range of organic and environmental remains related to the site, which could enhance our understanding both of the operation of the mill and the daily lives of the workers. It is known that the workers and their families were housed both within part of the main mill building and within smaller ancillary structures around the site. The buried remains of these structures and artefacts related to the people living within them are also likely to survive. Such evidence could further enhance our knowledge of the daily life of the mill workers, their working environment, and the impact of the changing industrial landscape on the lives of those most closely connected with it. Contextual characteristics The monument represents the remains of the fourth cotton mill to be constructed in Scotland and the sixth in Britain as a whole. However, the three earlier Scottish sites, at Penicuik, Rothesay and Dovecothall, have all since been removed or redeveloped and little or no evidence of them survives. Busby is therefore the earliest surviving cotton mill in Scotland. The location of the mill at Busby was chosen to take advantage of the adjacent waterfall. This waterfall, with a height of 6m, is the highest on the length of the White Cart Water. With the addition of the 2m- high upper dam this would create a total water-head height of 8m to power the mill. The force of the water at this section of the White cart had long been known and the Upper Mill was not the first structure to make use of it. A mill in this area is first mentioned in documentary records in 1300 AD. Prior to the construction of the upper mill, a lint mill and a meal mill both stood on or near to the site, and it is believed masonry from both these structures may have been utilised to construct the terrace for the Upper Mill. In the 19th century, this section of the White Cart became a significant industrial landscape. In addition to the Upper Mill, the construction of Busby Lower Mill in 1790 further increased the capacity of the site. Located further upstream was a large print works and, on the opposite bank from the Lower Mill, a waulk mill. This predated the Upper Mill and a condition of the Upper Mill's construction was that it did not hamper this earlier mill's manufacturing capability. Next to the Lower Mill are the remains of a gasworks. Initially this was constructed to supply the Lower Mill, but later on it was expanded and supplied the entire town around the mill. In the late 18th and early 19th century the cotton industry became a major part of the social and economic landscape of central Scotland and had an impact across the entire country. As one of the earliest examples of this industry, Busby Upper Mill represents an exceptionally important survival of a period of significant social and economic change. Associative characteristics Busby Upper Mill was constructed in 1780 by William Ferguson, a textile merchant from Glasgow, although at this time the site was known as Newmill, with Busby on the opposite bank of the White Cart Water. However, in 1783 Ferguson was forced to sell the mill to Richard Thomson, another Glasgow merchant. The Upper Mill appears to have been something of a volatile concern and ownership and tenancy of the site changed hands numerous times during its operational lifetime. Many documentary sources exist detailing these transactions and the operational aspects of the mill. As stated above, although no images of the mill survive, documentary records do supply details of its form. The mill was an L-shaped rubble-built structure, comprising three main storeys and an attic. The internal walls were constructed of brick and, to create additional working space, the roof was fitted with skylights to allow the attic to be used for some of the mill's operations. For at least the early part of its life, around one-third of the mill supplied accommodation for some of the mill workers, with the remainder housed in separate homes on the site. Both the Upper and Lower Mills appear on John Ainslie's Map of the County of Renfrew in 1796. The mills also appear on early Ordnance Survey mapping, with the Upper Mill shown as roofed on the 1st Edition, unroofed by the 2nd Edition, and it had been demolished and no longer appears by the time of the 3rd Edition.

This monument is of national importance because it has an inherent potential to make a significant addition to our understanding of the past, particularly the construction and operation of large-scale industrial sites in the 18th and 19th centuries and the social and economic impact these would have upon the country. Structural remains and artefacts on the site could provide valuable information on the design, construction and daily operations of an early cotton mill. In addition, the waterlogged sections of the lade system may contain further artefacts and environmental remains which that could inform us about the daily lives of the workers of the mill and the environment they were living in. This monument is particularly valuable because it appears relatively undisturbed and lies in a landscape where there were a number of other industrial sites. The loss of the monument would significantly diminish our future ability to appreciate and understand the placing of such monuments within the Site Gazetteer

landscape and the importance of the changes in industry upon the social and economic fabric of Scotland.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 20 Site Name Netherton Cross, cross, Hamilton Old Parish Kirk Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM1143 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272342 Northing 655555 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument is a free-standing carved cross of red sandstone probably dating from around AD 900 – 1100 and is a rare example of ecclesiastical sculpture from the former British early medieval kingdom of Strathclyde. The cross stands to a height of about 2.1m and is decorated on all four sides with figurative scenes of humans and beast-headed beings, animals and panels of interlace and geometric pattern. The cross is slotted into a modern concrete base. The cross is said to have originally stood in Hamilton Low Parks but was moved to its current location in the yard of Hamilton Parish Church in 1926. The scheduled area is square on plan to include the remains described above and the concrete base for its protection and preservation as shown in red on the accompanying map. The monument was last scheduled in 1933 but the documentation did not meet current standards. The present scheduling rectifies this.

The cultural significance of the monument is expressed as follows: Intrinsic Characteristics The carvings of this substantial and red sandstone cross are slightly worn but it is still possible to make them out and, apart from some minor lichen growth, the cross is in reasonable condition. It stands upright in a modern concrete base which displays an inscription explaining that the cross was re-erected at its current location in March 1926. There is documentary and cartographic evidence to indicate that the cross's original location was in Hamilton Low Parks, around 1.2km to the north-northwest. The style of the cross suggests that it dates from AD 900 – 1100. It belongs to an important series of sculpture from the former British early medieval kingdom of Strathclyde. This group of sculpture is probably the least familiar of all Scotland's early Christian monuments and further research of the motifs on Netherton cross could enhance our understanding of its full range of meanings, both secular and religious. Crosses such as this may have acted as focal points in worship, but could have also been a public statement about the beliefs of religious communities and aristocratic patrons. Contextual Characteristics The cross is a rare example of ecclesiastical sculpture from the former British early medieval kingdom of Strathclyde and one of only three complete free-standing crosses from this period. The others are Barochan Cross (SM90029), now located in Paisley Cathedral, and Govan Cross (SM10393). Today, Netherton Cross is located in the ecclesiastical setting of Hamilton Parish Church. The documented original location of the cross in Hamilton Low Parks lies 60m to the north of a motte (SM10726). Although the ground between the two sites is separated today by the M74 motorway, it would have been a flat area of ground located around 200m west of the River Clyde. This site has long been thought to be the site of the 'old toun of Cadzow' (the original name for Hamilton) and documentary evidence indicates the existence of a church of Cadzow Site Gazetteer

by 1150 with which the cross may have been associated. The motte is likely to have been the royal residence in which both David I (1124-53) and Alexander III (1249-86) held court and this may have been the associated centre of lordly patronage. Associative Characteristics The monument reflects earlier medieval cultural influences, such as the preference among those of high status to associate themselves with the church through patronage of artistic works, whilst also allowing the conspicuous display of wealth and resources.

National importance The monument is of national importance because it has an inherent potential to make a significant addition to our understanding and appreciation of early medieval sculpture and its role in contemporary religious practices and secular life. Netherton Cross is a rare example of ecclesiastical sculpture from the former British early medieval kingdom of Strathclyde and is only one of three complete free-standing crosses from this period. Although re-located in 1926, the original location of the stone and its context is well documented and this enhances our understanding of its cultural significance. The monument represents part of a group of sculpture that is highly significant for our understanding of the kingdom of Strathclyde before the 12th century. Damage to or loss of the stone would significantly impede our ability to understand the early medieval society that produced it.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 21 Site Name BOTHWELL CASTLE Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM90038 HER Number Status Designated Easting 268814 Northing 659364 Parish Bothwell Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument is the remains of Bothwell Castle, a later 13th century castle which was remodelled in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. It is visible as upstanding masonry remains, footings and earthworks, and excavation has shown that significant buried archaeological remains are present. The castle is located on a prominent terrace around 30m above sea level on the east bank of the River Clyde. The earliest parts of Bothwell Castle, built by Walter de Moray, or his son William, date to the second half of the 13th century. The structure was conceived as a five-sided curtain wall castle dominated by a massive circular tower at the southwest angle. There were to be additional circular angle towers, a rectangular side tower and a twin-towered gatehouse. The overall plan can still be traced through excavated footings, however, only the southwest tower, south curtain wall and one of the angle towers were completed. The east side of the castle was defended by additional earthworks which survive as a banked ditch. The 14th century remodelling of the castle by the Douglas family reduced the area originally intended to be enclosed to its southern half, using the surviving 13th century work as a starting point. This phase of the castle comprised a rectangular courtyard enclosed by an outer wall with a rectangular tower built on the foundations of an incomplete 13th century tower, projecting from the northeast corner. The castle was accessed through a rectangular gatehouse that was demolished in the late 17th century, and within the courtyard was a great hall, a kitchen block and chapel. A tower projecting from the southeast corner of the curtain wall provided domestic accommodation and windows through the southern curtain wall indicate the presence of further domestic accommodation in this location. Site Gazetteer

The scheduled area is irregular on plan to include the remains described above and an area around in which evidence for the monuments construction, use and abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The scheduling specifically excludes: the above-ground elements of all modern boundary walls and modern fences; the above- ground elements of all signage and services; the top 300mm of all modern paths and paved areas to allow for their maintenance; the above ground elements of the modern shop and toilet block; all modern railings and staircases within the castle.

Cultural significance The monument's cultural significance has been assessed as follows: Intrinsic Characteristics The monument is an outstanding example of a 13th century stone-built castle with later alterations and additions including English work dating to the Wars of Independence, a much more significant phase of remodelling in the late 14th century and early 15th century, and later 16th century alterations. It is visible as upstanding masonry remains and earthworks, and retains much of its 13th and 14th/15th century fabric and architectural features. Bothwell was planned on an exceptionally grand scale and was executed using high quality materials with very fine detailing. Had it been fully completed it would have been the largest and most sophisticated castle built in Scotland at that time. As it stands, the remains of the largest tower, almost 20m in diameter with walls up to 4.6m thick, is an exceptionally important piece of Scottish secular medieval architecture. Evidence for the English work of the 1330s is slight; only a fragment of what was probably a single storey hall survives. This is significant, however, as little work of this type and period has been identified in Scotland. Much of the Douglas work is finely detailed with notable features such as the machicolated parapet (a parapet with gaps through which missiles or objects might be dropped on attackers) surmounting the southeast tower. Analysis of the upstanding remains can enhance our knowledge of the chronology and development sequence of the castle, which remains uncertain, and the cultural and social influences that informed its form and design, as well as how the buildings were used and lived in. Although the grounds of the castle were extensively cleared in the early 20th century, excavation has demonstrated that important archaeological remains survive below the present ground surface. As a consequence, the courtyard and earthworks are likely to contain further deposits and archaeological features relating to the construction, occupation, use and abandonment of the site. There is also the potential for old ground surfaces to be preserved beneath the earthworks and for other environmental remains to survive within the fills of the ditch. This evidence could provide information about the contemporary environment and landscape within which the castle was built. There is also the potential for evidence relating to the various sieges of the castle within and outwith the perimeter of the castle's earthworks, which could enhance our knowledge of the conduct of medieval sieges Contextual Characteristics Bothwell Castle is significant within a northern European context of castle building taking place during the 12th and 13th centuries. From about 1200 Philip II of France constructed a number of very large circular towers, such as at the Louvre, Falaise and Gisors and these towers had an impact on castle building in France and beyond, with French aristocrats emulating the work of their king. Bothwell is dominated by the massive southwest tower which is separated from the rest of the castle by an inner moat. This massive tower fits within this wider European context, being built when relationships between France and Scotland were particularly close due to the marriage of Marie de Coucy and Alexander II of Scotland in 1239. The tower at Bothwell, however, was not simply a copy of French antecedents. Rather the builders utilised continental exemplars and then developed these further. In particular, the complex entrance arrangements to the south westtower are innovative even in a wider European context. The complex entry was without parallel in Scotland at this time. It was a visible display of power and a demonstration of knowledge of state-of-the-art military architecture. The castle played an important role during the wars with England in the early 14th century when the castle was repeatedly besieged, captured, slighted and repaired by both sides. It was the subject of a set-piece siege by Edward I in 1301 employing a field army of 6800 men. After its capture it remained an important English garrison until it fell to Edward Bruce after Bannockburn (1314). The castle was re-occupied by the English in 1336 when it became Edward III's headquarters in Scotland for the winter of that year. In 1337, the castle was finally retaken by Andrew Moray of Bothwell, who then partially dismantled the great tower. This followed Scottish policy of destroying fortifications that could be used as part of an English Site Gazetteer

occupation of Scotland. However, it was also a highly symbolic act by Moray, who had rights to the castle and lordship of Bothwell; by destroying the most visible symbol of his lordship, the great tower, he was demonstrated his loyalty to the Bruce cause. After its dismantling, the castle appears to have been abandoned until about 1362 when Archibald Douglas ('the Grim') took possession of the lordship on his marriage to Joanna de Moray. Archibald quickly embarked on an ambitious programme of rebuilding which was continued by his son. The later castle was smaller in scale but no less impressive in that it cleverly adapts a 13th century layout into suitable accommodation for a 14th century lord. A similar layout survives at Threave Castle (scheduled monument reference SM90301, Canmore ID 64698) on the River Dee in Dumfries and Galloway, which was another Douglas stronghold. The work of Archibald at Bothwell is significant in the context of the rise of the Douglases as one of the pre-eminent aristocratic families of Scotland. They had come to prominence in the early 14th century due to their support of the Bruce cause and their part in the wars with England. Their castles were a physical manifestation of this role, and it would have been particularly symbolic for Archibald, the new lord of Bothwell, to re-establish the abandoned Bothwell castle as his seat of lordship. The castle is situated on the east bank of the River Clyde at about 30m above sea-level. It has good views along the river and used the river valley as additional defence and potential routeway. Directly across the Clyde is Blantyre Priory. Associative Characteristics Bothwell Castle is associated in form with other medieval castles such as Kildrummy Castle (Aberdeenshire) and Chateau de Coucy (Picardy, France). This link is through the Moray family and their ties to the royal court. The castle played a key part in the wars with England in the early 14th century and there are many contemporary and historical accounts of the sieges (e.g. Wyntoun's account of the siege of 1337). From this period the castle has many associations with historical figures, in particular Edward I who led one of the most famous sieges of the castle in 1301, but also Sir Andrew Murray and Edward II and III. In the later medieval period the castle is strongly linked to the Black Douglases, in particular Archibald "the Grim" The castle became a popular visitor destination on the Clyde amongst late 18th and early 19th century seekers of the picturesque. As a "romantic ruin", the castle inspired the poem 'Bothwell Castle' by William Wordsworth 30 years after first visiting in 1803, and was the subject of paintings by Paul Sandby, Charles Cordiner and others. From the late 18th century the castle became a feature in the grounds of the new Bothwell House which was constructed from 1700 and demolished in 1923. Parts of the castle were demolished to provide building stone for the new house. Statement of National Importance The monument is of national importance because it has an inherent potential to make a significant contribution to our understanding of medieval castles, their chronology and development sequences as well as the cultural and social influences that may have informed their development and architecture. The upstanding buildings retain their structural and decorative characteristics to a marked degree, incorporating many fine and significant architectural features. The great 13th century tower is one of the most significant secular buildings of its time in Scotland. The tower and the intended plan of the castle demonstrates continental influences as well as incorporating innovative features. The construction of this great tower and its later development helps our understanding of the symbolic nature of such buildings and the messages their owners were trying to communicate through architecture. Archaeological investigations have shown that there is also very high potential for the survival of important buried archaeological remains, including structures within and around the castle and artefacts and environmental evidence that can enhance our understanding of how such buildings functioned, as well as adding to knowledge of the daily domestic life of the inhabitants and their society and economy relating to the various sieges at the castle. The role of the castle during the Wars of Independence and its association with the Moray and Douglas families adds to its significance, as does its later appreciation as a picturesque ruin. The loss of the monument would greatly diminish our ability to understand the character, chronology and development of medieval castles in Scotland.

From Historic Environment Scotland Site Gazetteer

Site Number 22 Site Name Darngaber Castle, 570m ENE of Crookedstone Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM4241 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272948 Northing 650081 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument comprises a motte, the earthwork remains of an earth and timber castle, dating to the medieval period, probably around 12th or 13th century AD. The monument is visible as a roughly circular, steep-sided flat-topped mound, approximately 35m in diameter. The motte is located in woodland to the south of a tributary of the River Clyde, at around 150m above sea level. The motte stands on an enhanced natural knoll and the remains of a possible outer rampart are visible around the northwest. The level surface on top of the mound is up to 20m across; a hollow in the centre may indicate some disturbance in antiquity. Spreads of stones are visible on the banks, especially on the northern slope. The scheduled area is a clipped circle on plan, 60m in diameter, to include the remains described above and an area around them within which evidence relating to the monument's construction and use is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The monument was first scheduled in 1980, but the documentation does not meet current standards: the present amendment rectifies this.

This monument is of national importance because it has an inherent potential to make a significant addition to our understanding of the past, in particular the dating, construction and function of early earth and timber castles introduced across Scotland in the 12th century AD. The motte is substantially intact and there is significant potential for the survival of buried structures and archaeological deposits which can help us to understand the construction and use of early castles and changes in the way land was owned and managed in medieval Lanarkshire. The monument's importance is enhanced as it is one of a cluster of similar sites on the west side of the River Clyde. The loss of this monument would diminish our ability to appreciate and understand settlement and land tenure in medieval Lanarkshire and Scotland more generally.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 23 Site Name Orbiston House, tower house Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM3898 HER Number Status Designated Easting 273243 Northing 658027 Parish Bothwell Council North Lanarkshire Description Site Gazetteer

Description The monument comprises the remains of a tower house and is visible as a wall standing two storeys high with the stub of a return. The tower was probably built in the 16th or early 17th century and was superseded by a house built further to the east in the late 18th century. The monument stands 40m above sea level on high ground at the neck of a loop in the South Calder Water. The southwest wall of the tower house is 9m long and 1m thick and stands two storeys high with window openings at ground and first floor levels. It is built of red sandstone and its internal elevation preserves the partial remains of a stone barrel vault that covered the ground floor room. In the external elevation, roll-mouldings decorate the opening of a first floor window. The stub of the southeast wall extends some 2m and retains evidence of openings at ground and first floor levels. Archaeological investigations carried out in the 1970s demonstrate the survival or significant buried archaeological remains, including floors, artefacts and food waste. The scheduled area is rectangular on plan, measuring 21m by 18m, to include the remains described above and an area around them within which evidence relating to the monument's construction, use and abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The scheduling specifically excludes the above ground elements of the metal fence. The monument was first scheduled in 1976 but the documents did not meet current standards; the present amendment rectifies this.

Cultural significance The monument's cultural significance has been assessed as follows: Intrinsic Characteristics The monument is the remains of a tower house – a type of structure which in the 16th century was often at the core of residential complexes built for the nobility and lairdly classes in Scotland. The southwest wall is built of red sandstone and stands two storeys high. Both interior and exterior elevations reveal surviving architectural details such as a stone vault at ground floor level and carved window reveals. The southern corner of the tower house survives and a stub of wall, retaining further evidence of openings, indicates the line of the southeast wall; the other two walls are not visible above ground. These other walls may have been robbed away, possibly to build the nearby 18th-century Orbiston House, now itself demolished. However, previous archaeological investigation indicates the survival of buried archaeological deposits, including floor surfaces, pottery and midden material. The surviving structural and architectural features of this monument illustrate the architectural skill of tower-house building during the 15th-17th centuries AD. The roll-mouldings surrounding the windows indicate a probable construction date from the late 16th or very early 17th century. Some tower houses in the Clyde valley were incorporated into later mansions while others, like Orbiston, were abandoned. There is high potential for the survival of buried archaeological deposits around the upstanding structure, including the buried remains of further buildings. This information would help to determine whether the plan of the tower house was a simple rectangle, or a more complicated structure, and what ancillary buildings stood in the immediate vicinity. The remains of the castle and associated buried archaeological deposits have the potential to provide information about the origins of the site, and the date, form and function of the buildings. There is potential for artefacts and ecofacts that can enhance understanding of the economy and diet of the occupants, as well as provide information about land use and environment. Contextual Characteristics Tower houses are a widespread but diverse class of monument across Scotland. They became a popular form of residence with the Scottish nobility and lairdly class from the 14th century perhaps influenced by the tower house at Edinburgh Castle built by David II. Tower houses continued to be the chosen architectural form for the residences of Scottish elites throughout the late medieval and early post-medieval periods. Tower houses provided a degree of security but were also a means of displaying wealth, social status and martial knowledge. Orbiston stands on high ground at the neck of a loop in the South Calder Water. Important comparisons can be made with several other buildings along the Clyde Valley and its tributaries, for example Hallbar Tower (scheduled monument reference SM1148, listed building reference LB723, Canmore ID 46544) and Gilbertfield Castle (scheduled monument reference SM5270, Canmore ID 44861). Comparison with the other sites in the vicinity can inform understanding of the degree of variation between sites, the status of their owners, and the locational decisions made when siting towers. Associative Characteristics Site Gazetteer

The site is depicted as 'Orbestoun' on Pont's map of Glasgow and the county of Lanark which is dated 1596 and shows that it was a residence at this time. William Hamilton of Wishaw in his 'Descriptions of the Sheriffdoms of Lanark and Renfrew' states that ' … Orbistoun, a little above where Calder falls into Clyde, belonging to William Hamilton of Orbistoun, whose grandfather Sir John, Justice Clerk and Lord of Session, did very much enlarge the house, planted great gardens and woods of barren timber, with large and pleasant enclosures.' This indicates that castle was developed in the second quarter of the 17th century by Sir John Hamilton of Orbiston (1604-1658) and that the house was significantly more extensive than the remains of the tower house suggest. Statement of National Importance The monument is of national importance because it has an inherent potential to make a significant contribution to our understanding of the past, in particular in relation to tower houses and high status medieval residences in southern Scotland. Archaeological excavation has indicated that the upstanding structure is associated with important buried archaeological deposits, giving the monument potential to enhance knowledge of date, construction, maintenance, development and abandonment of tower houses. The structural remains and associated archaeological evidence can enhance our understanding of the daily life of the inhabitants, their society, economy, and trading contacts. The remains of the castle occupy a prominent position above a loop in the river and would have been an important part of the historic landscape. The loss of the monument would diminish our ability to understand the form, function, date and character of fortified houses in the Clyde Valley.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 24 Site Name Fairhill, cairn 20m N of 96 Millgate Road Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM4336 HER Number Status Designated Easting 271121 Northing 653969 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument is a burial cairn dating probably to the Bronze Age (between about 2000 BC and 800 BC). It is visible as a low, roughly circular, grass-covered mound, measuring approximately 12m in diameter and standing about 1m high. The monument is located at around 105m above sea level, close to the Cadzow Burn. Today it forms part of amenity grassland within a housing estate. The scheduled area is irregular on plan to include the remains described above and an area around them within which evidence relating to the monument's construction, use and abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The scheduling specifically excludes the above-ground elements of all public realm infrastructure, including telegraph poles, signage and fencing, to allow for their maintenance.

The monument is a burial cairn dating probably to the Bronze Age (between about 2000 BC and 800 BC). It is visible as a low, roughly circular, grass-covered mound, measuring approximately 12m in diameter and standing about 1m high. The monument is located at around 105m above sea level, close to the Cadzow Burn. Today it forms part of amenity grassland within a housing estate. The monument was first scheduled in 1980, but the documentation did not meet modern standards: the present amendment rectifies this. The scheduled area is irregular on plan to include the remains described above and an area around them within which evidence relating to the monument's construction, use and Site Gazetteer

abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The scheduling specifically excludes the above-ground elements of all public realm infrastructure, including telegraph poles, signage and fencing, to allow for their maintenance.

The monument is of national importance because it has the potential to make a significant addition to our understanding of the design, construction and use of burial monuments and the nature of belief systems and burial practices during the Bronze Age in Scotland. Ritual and funerary monuments are often our main source of evidence for human activity during the Bronze Age and are particularly important for enhancing our understanding of Bronze Age society, its organisation, economy, religion and demography. Despite some antiquarian disturbance, this cairn is reasonably well-preserved, enabling us to assess and understand its original form and function and its position in the landscape. It also retains high potential for buried archaeological remains, including human burials, artefacts and palaeoenvironmental evidence. It is a rare prehistoric survival in what is now an urban environment. The loss of the monument would significantly diminish our ability to appreciate and understand funerary practice, death and burial in prehistoric times, and the placing of such monuments within the landscape.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 25 Site Name Laigh Mains, castle earthworks 125m North of Mains Castle Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM2994 HER Number Status Designated Easting 262784 Northing 656162 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument comprises the earthwork remains of a castle site likely to date to the 12th century AD. It is visible as an uneven mound surrounded by an intermittent double bank and ditch on its north, west and east sides. The monument is located on a gentle south-facing slope at around 180m above sea level and overlooks Mains Castle 125m to the south. The approximate triangular form of the monument extends 90m north to south by 100m east to west. The interior platform is 65m north to south by 45m east to west. A break in the surrounding banks and built up ground in the ditches of the northeast corner indicate the likely position of the entrance. Archaeological surveys have indicated potential structures within the interior. The area to be scheduled is polygonal on plan, to include the remains described above and an area around them within which evidence relating to the monument's construction, use and abandonment are expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The scheduling specifically excludes the above-ground elements of transmission poles, post and wire fencing, gates and the modern surfaces of tracks, to allow for their maintenance. The monument was first scheduled in 1973, but the documentation did not meet current standards: the present rescheduling rectifies this.

The monument is of national importance because it has an inherent potential to make a significant addition to the understanding of the past, in particular the construction and function of medieval castles. It retains its field characteristics as a well-preserved example of an early castle site. Its twin ditch and bank arrangement and overall, triangular plan form is unusual, potentially indicating a pre-12th century origin, which adds to its significance. The associated documentary evidence also adds to our understanding of the monument, Site Gazetteer

particularly how it and similar sites would have functioned as centres of lordship. This example can inform us about medieval settlement and the wider control of land in the southwest during the feudalisation of Scotland. The loss of this example would significantly diminish our future ability to appreciate and understand settlement and land tenure in medieval Scotland.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 26 Site Name Rough Hill, motte Type of Site Scheduled Monument Listing No./NRHE Number SM4977 HER Number Status Designated Easting 260782 Northing 655360 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description The monument is a motte, the earthwork mound of a castle likely to date from the 12th or 13th centuries AD. It is visible as a substantial flat topped sub-oval mound and curving section of ditch. The traces of the ditch survive around the base of the mound to the south and west, while the remains of a rectangular building are visible on the summit of the mound. The monument is located in mature woodland at the west side of East Kilbride at about 130m above sea level.

The motte is situated at the confluence of the Kittoch Water and a tributary stream and takes advantage of steep natural ground on its north and east sides. The mound is mostly artificial and stands to around three metres in height and measures about 50m east-west by 35m transversely at the base, decreasing to around 40m by 22m at the summit. The remains of a structure, surviving as a building platform, robber-trenches and a number of undressed stones, is visible on the summit. Traces of a low ditch survive around the south and west sides where the ground is flatter requiring additional defences.

The scheduled area is irregular on plan and includes the remains described above and an area around them within which evidence relating to the monument's construction, use and abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The scheduling specifically excludes the above-ground elements of all modern boundary features.

The monument is of national importance because it has an inherent potential to make a significant addition to our understanding of the past, in particular the date, construction and function of medieval castles. The monument retains its field characteristics and is a well- preserved example of its class, with little sign of disturbance. The slight remains on the summit of the mound appear to be those of a tower, indicating that this castle site had a complex development sequence. The monument's significance is enhanced by its close proximity to similar, contemporary sites, in particular to another early castle site on Castle Hill, only 150m to the north. Together these sites can enhance our knowledge of the distribution and chronology of medieval fortified earthworks in the region. The loss or damage of the monument would diminish our ability to appreciate and understand the character and development of medieval castles, settlement and land tenure in medieval Scotland.

From Historic Environment Scotland Site Gazetteer

Site Number 27 Site Name Chatelherault (Wham) Type of Site Inventory Garden & Designed Landscape Listing No./NRHE Number GDL00101 HER Number Status Designated Easting 273665 Northing 653101 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Formerly one of Scotland's grandest designed landscapes, Chatelherault still has remnants of scenically beautiful parkland, ancient trees and some very fine architecture. The High Parks and Avon Gorge are valuable wildlife habitats.

Type of Site Remnants of picturesque scenery with parkland, specimen trees and mature woodland and some surviving elements of formal gardens are reminders of a designed landscape largely unchanged since the 18th century. Main Phases of Landscape Development Original layout dates from c.1730s and that recorded 1777 remains largely unchanged except for interventions in the late 19th and 20th centuries of quarrying, the building of a reservoir and the creation of a Country part on part of the estate.

Artistic Interest Level of interest Outstanding The designed landscape of Chatelherault has been noted in the past as of beauty and has outstanding value in this category.

Historical Level of interest Outstanding

There is good documentary and physical evidence of the development of the designed landscape at Chatelherault and it is associated with the Dukes of Hamilton.

Horticultural Level of interest Little The site has a little Horticultural value in its remaining specimen trees. The plant collection is currently being restored and this may give the site increased value in this category in the future.

Architectural Level of interest Outstanding Chatelherault has been described as 'unique among British Garden buildings and greatest of the later walled gardens - of great originality and architectural quality'.

Archaeological Level of interest Not Assessed

Scenic Level of interest Outstanding It makes an outstanding contribution to the surrounding scenery.

Nature Conservation Level of interest Outstanding Hamilton High Parks are listed as an SSSI and the Avon Gorge is also of outstanding Nature Conservation value. Site Gazetteer

Location and Setting Chatelherault was built as a terminal feature to a grand avenue which extended from Hamilton Palace over 1.5 miles (2km) away to its north-west. It is set on higher land above the Clyde valley in which the Palace was built, and on the east side of the River Avon, a tributary of the Clyde, which here has formed a deep gorge through the Carboniferous rocks which underlie the area. Hamilton town centre is only 1 mile (1.5km) away to the north-west, and Motherwell lies 2 miles (3km) to its north-east. The M74 has been constructed through the Clyde valley between the two towns, and Chatelherault forms a striking scenic feature when travelling south along the motorway. There are extensive views from the site, especially northwards over the remnants of the Grand Avenue. Historically Chatelherault was built as a feature in the overall design for the landscape of Hamilton Palace (q.v.). Today it is divided from the north end of the park, known as Hamilton Low Parks, but the surrounding south end of the designed landscape has remained similar in extent since it was drawn by Alexander Edward in 1708. Chatelherault itself faces north across the Clyde Valley and views to the south and west are restricted by woodlands. The High Parks extend westwards to the outer fringe of Hamilton town and are bounded by minor roads to the south and west and by the B7078 and A72 to the east. Alexander Edward's drawing of 1708 shows the park extending further to the west at that time with formal diagonals, a rond-point, and belvederes laid out in the woodlands to the west of the Avon. To the east of the Avon, the Grand Avenue is shown extending to the southern boundary of the park, that is past Cadzow Castle and the site of Chatelherault. Edward's plan is entitled: 'a Map with some Alterations and Additions to the Gardens, Courts, Avenues, Plantations and Inclosures of Hamilton'; and so it is not clear how much of this drawing was carried out at that time, although it is known that part of the Grand Avenue had been planted by then. A detailed 'Survey of the High Parks' in 1776 by William Douglas gives no indication of the grand avenue extending south beyond Chatelherault, and very little formal woodland planting is shown remaining to the west of the Avon. The parks here are divided into fields labelled as Chaces and divided by the wooded gills of the tributary river valleys. To the east of the Avon a more picturesque design of woodland is shown around a formal circle, and called Belvedere Braes. Further surveys by R. Bauchap in 1812 and 1835 show no change to the extent of the design but the picturesque outline of the Belvedere Braes had been block-planted between the two surveys. Building development has gradually encroached into the boundary of the parkland particularly on the north-west edge, and some of the High Parks have been put to arable farming, with the consequent loss of some of the famous ancient parkland trees. There are 1,749.5 acres (708ha) in the designed landscape today.

Site History The pattern of the designed landscape of the High Parks at Hamilton has remained similar since the 1777 survey by William Douglas. The building was constructed for the 5th Duke in 1732 to the design of William Adam. It was locally regarded as being built in imitation of the Duke's chateau at Chatelherault in France. Other stories refer to an argument with a French noble about the comparative grandeur of French and Scottish building, to which the Duke's response was to build the grandest building, but only for use as a dog kennel. Adam refers to it in Vitruvius Scoticus as the Duke's dog kennel, and Chatelherault was used as a hunting-lodge as well as an eye-catching folly at the end of the avenue. Dog kennels were built behind the east pavilion of the building, while the west pavilion was reserved for use as a retreat, albeit a very ornamental one, with elaborate plasterwork and woodwork. It was used as an elegant banqueting house in the 18th century and for shooting parties in the 19th century. The facade was designed so that it appeared from the Palace to be of the same width as the Palace itself, ie it is some 30' wider at 290'. Most of this width is formed by the screen which links the two end pavilions. A bowling green is shown to the north of the building in the 1777 survey plan by Douglas, and a reservoir was put in to the north-east of the building in a marshy area known as 'The Wham' by the 1st edition OS map of c.1860. Chatelherault was used as a residential building until 1876 and its use then continued as a garden building. The gardens were originally laid out in the 1730s as a parterre behind the west pavilion; a terrace walk bordered the Avon Gorge. In the 1840s the Gardeners' Magazine referred to the 'beautiful flower garden'. Photographs taken later in the 19th century show trellis work adjacent to the walls, and lawns laid out in between clipped trees and large circular flower beds, filled with a variety of bedding plants. Site Gazetteer

In the 1880s the Deer Park was excavated for sand and gravel, and coal-mining continued underneath the site. In 1945 there was a fire in the building, and it was left empty for many years. On the death of the 14th Duke in 1976 the estate was given over to the nation in lieu of death duties. Chatelherault and part of the High Parks were purchased by the National Land Fund in 1978. In 1984 Hamilton District Council was grant-aided by the National Heritage Memorial Fund and the Scottish Development Department in the purchase of a further 138 acres of land to the north and east of Chatelherault, and a 500 acre Country Park is to be opened to the public in July 1987. The building is being restored by the Scottish Development Department and Hamilton District Council, who will eventually own and manage it and the gardens are currently being restored to the period of their original design.

Landscape Components Architectural Features Chatelherault, designed by William Adam in 1732 is listed A. It consists of two end pavilions linked by a long screen wall ornamented with urns. Cadzow Castle an ancient stronghold on the opposite bank of the River Avon, was reconstructed as a folly in the mid-19th century, and is a scheduled ancient monument listed B. The Duke's Bridge over the Avon, which links the two buildings, is listed B. There are other features of architectural interest in Hamilton Palace Parks.

Parkland The remnants of the Hamilton High Parks provide some of the most beautiful parkland scenery, with their ancient pollarded oaks. The trees are so old that they are difficult to date, but one has been dated at c.1440. They are the subject of an SSSI designation. Some of the trees have been lost due to intensification of farming methods in this century, and the others will need protection. The Deer Park to the north of the building has been excavated for sand and gravel since the 1880s and in recent years the excavations threatened to undercut the building itself, which is already suffering from coal-mining subsidence. This area is to be restored, and the Wham reservoir area will be made into two ponds. A large car park has been put into the former quarry to the east of the building. The Grand Avenue has now been replanted over the sand quarry area.

Woodland The Avon Gorge woodlands are also old and contain ash, elm, oak and sycamore species; an area west of the Cadzow Castle has been planted up with conifers, but will be replanted with mixed deciduous species once it has been cropped. The woodlands are now managed as part of the Country Park and grass and woodchip paths have been established.

The Gardens The designer of the original gardens is unknown. Archaeological investigations have uncovered a formal layout in the garden, of a bi-symmetrical scroll-like pattern. This is to be laid out with box hedges and filled with plant material of species which were available in Scotland in the 1740s. There are also some specimen trees at the edge of the walled garden, including some yews, monkey puzzles, (since removed), and Wellingtonias. Two huge old sycamores stand to the east of the building. The courtyard behind Chatelherault which formerly housed dog kennels, a derelict Georgian game larder, and the Victorian game larder (which is to be reassembled elswhere) has been redesigned as an Interpretive Centre around an Internal Courtyard.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 28 Site Name Barncluith Type of Site Inventory Garden & Designed Landscape Listing No./NRHE Number GDL00048 HER Number Status Site Gazetteer

Status Designated Easting 273012 Northing 654517 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Formerly an outstanding work of art, the early terraces and gardens are still of special historical significance, and the designed landscape forma an impressive setting for a category A listed building.

Type of Site A formal garden laid out in the 17th century along the series of five terraces cut out of the steep bank of the River Avon, accounts recording the use of extensive topiary work, flowering shrubs and bedding within box compartments and garden ornamentation as an integral part of the design. Subsequent improvement may have involved William Adam in the first half of the 18th century.

Main Phases of Landscape Development 17th century with improvements in the first half of the 18th century (?).

Artistic Interest Level of interest Outstanding Barncluith has been recorded many times in the past as of outstanding value as a Work of Art.

Historical Level of interest Outstanding The early terraces are of outstanding Historical value

Horticultural Level of interest Little The remaining plant material at Barncluith is of only a little Horticultural value.

Architectural Level of interest Outstanding The designed landscape provides the setting for category A listed buildings and is therefore of outstanding Architectural value.

Archaeological Level of interest Not Assessed

Scenic Level of interest Little While the setting of the terraces along the bank of the Avon is itself picturesque, the secluded position of the garden results in it providing a little Scenic value.

Nature Conservation Level of interest Little The undisturbed terraces provide a little value for Nature Conservation in their present condition.

Location and Setting Barncluith lies at the mouth of the Avon gorge, approximately 0.5 miles (1km) south- east of the town of Hamilton and 12.5 miles (20km) from Glasgow. It is bounded to the west by its access road which runs off the A72 and to the east by the River Avon. Prominent from the garden are the woodlands of Hamilton High Parks which clothe the banks of the valley, the River Avon, and the viaduct across it to the north-east which has carried the Hamilton/Motherwell railway since 1874. Obscured beyond the woodlands to the south, lies the remaining agricultural land of Hamilton High Parks and, to the north and west, the spreading urban fringe of Hamilton. The setting of the garden terraces on the bank of the Avon Site Gazetteer

River provides views in both directions along the river. Barncluith House stands on the west side of the gorge of the River Avon. The designed landscape extends along some 200m of the valley between the house and the river. Comparison of available documentary map evidence confirms that the extent of the designed landscape has not changed since its original layout. There are approximately 10 acres (4ha) in the designed landscape of Barncluith.

Site History It is known that terraces were laid out on the banks of the River Avon at Barncluith in the 17th century following the construction of the present Tower House. No documentary evidence exists as to the date of origin of the present layout and ornamentation. Recent research amongst the Hamilton papers has indicated the involvement of William Adam at Barncluith by letters exchanged between Adam and his Clerk of Works, Robert Mein, from Barncluith in 1735, 1736 and 1739. Map evidence is confined to the 1st & 2nd edition OS maps of c.1850 & 1910 and a series of survey drawings by Sydney Birnage in the 1940s. The lands of Barncluith are first thought to have belonged to the old Norman family of Machan. William Hamilton of Rossmoor, a descendant of the Duke of Hamilton, acquired the estate in 1507 when he married Anne Machan. Their grandson, John Hamilton, inherited Barncluith on the death of his father at the Battle of Langside. He returned to Barncluith in 1583, having lived in Europe for a period. He built the present house, restored the Tower House, and laid out the terraces on the steep slope of the river gorge on the site of what was a renowned orchard. Soon after the Union Treaty of 1707, John Hamilton of Barncluith, the Duke of Hamilton's deputy, held the appointment of Sherriff of the Lower Ward of Lanarkshire. His court sat within the Pavilion on the Terraces and tradition has it that executions took place at an oak tree which stood nearby. Over the centuries, Barncluith was often leased to tenants, which could account for the lapse in maintenance recorded in the mid-19th century. John Campbell, a kinsman of the Earl of Loudoun, lived here in 1745. His son was the Hamilton magistrate, John Campbell of Saffronhall who, as a seedsman and nurseryman, is thought to have supplied plants for the gardens. In the 19th century, Lady Ruthven inherited Barncluith from her Hamilton forbears. In the later 19th century, the 8th Baron Ruthven was in residence. In 1908, Lord Ruthven sold to James C. Bishop, a local coalmaster and lawyer. Mr Bishop carried out many improvements to the garden. When Hamilton Palace was demolished in 1927, various pieces of ornamentation were salvaged from the debris and incorporated as garden features. On his death, Barncluith passed to his niece, Mrs Stewart, and it was later sold to the present owners, Mr & Mrs J. Oswald Graham. In recent years the garden has suffered greatly from vandalism and maintenance of the garden has been confined to the upper terraces.

Landscape Components Architectural Features Barncluith House, the Tower, Terraces and Courthouse are collectively listed as an important category A group of buildings. The house is 18th century. The Victorian enlargements have crow-stepped gables. The Tower is thought to be 16th century and to have been built as a watch- tower; it was, at one time, thatched and was restored in 1633. The terraces and courthouse dated 1698 predate the house. The Belfry, or Gazebo, on the front drive, housed the Bell of St. Giles. The stable/garage complex stands to the north of the house. There are various pieces of garden ornamentation including some urns and balustrades on the upper terrace and the slab with the Hamilton crest set in the wall by the Bowling Green, which were acquired from Hamilton Palace at the time of its demolition c.1927. A classical archway is set on the northern boundary of the kitchen garden. A well, sited behind the house and known to have been there c.1850, has now gone.

The Gardens The formal garden was laid out along the series of five terraces cut out of the steep bank of the River Avon. One of the earliest descriptions of the garden is dated 1722 by Macky who describes 'walks and grottos all of them filled with large evergreens in the shape of beasts or birds'. Subsequent descriptions always refer to the extensive topiary work, softened by the addition of flowering shrubs and bedding within box compartments. Garden ornamentation was an integral part of the design. John Naismith, in 1792, made particular reference to a 'jet Site Gazetteer

d'eau in the middle of a basin spouted water to a considerable height'. William Cobbett described the garden in 1832 as one of the 'prettiest spots' and the Rev. William Patrick in 1841 described 'Borders of Walks, crowded with a variety of evergreens cut into fantastic forms. In the centre of the great walk is a handsome pavilion, fitted up with rustic chairs and other curious pieces of furniture'. However the level of maintenance appears to have subsequently lapsed, as an account of the garden of the following year in the Gardeners' Magazine describes the garden in a 'ruinous state'. Fruit or flowering shrubs lined the walls of the terraces. Maintenance appears to have been resumed and a description of 1894 describes the rockery as being particularly fine. An area of one of the terraces was given over completely to peonies planted between the buttresses of the wall. On the lower terrace, an informal walk ran along the riverbank and there are references to an informal, Japanese- style garden being developed in the early 20th century. Several 19th century references are made to the many rare plants and lichens throughout the garden. Herbert Maxwell in 1911 describes the top terrace being occupied by 'no less than 40 little square beds in the Dutch manner, each with its box-edging and enclosed by a gravel path' which were filled with many common and other uncommon flowering plants. The rose garden was made in the late 19th century on the flat lawn next to the house on the site of the former orchard. The area is now largely grass and a sundial marked on the Birnage survey drawing has also gone. An area between the rose garden and the main entrance was a Bowling Green.

Walled Gardens The kitchen garden lies to the east of the site. It is recorded on the Birnage survey as having a sundial as its central feature. Since the 1940s this has gone. A tennis court, subsequently constructed within the garden, is now disused as is the garden itself. A new vegetable garden has been created to the north of this area.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 29 Site Name MAXWELLTON Type of Site CONSERVATION AREA Listing No./NRHE Number CA398 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264375 Northing 654850 Parish Council Description

Site Number 30 Site Name EAST KILBRIDE VILLAGE Type of Site CONSERVATION AREA Listing No./NRHE Number CA639 HER Number Status Designated Easting Site Gazetteer

Easting 263630 Northing 654568 Parish Council Description

Site Number 31 Site Name Crossbasket Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB1004 HER Number Status Designated Easting 266668 Northing 656508 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description 16th century tower with 19th century house added.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 32 Site Name The Peel, Busby Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB1005 HER Number Status Designated Easting 259313 Northing 656121 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description 16th century tower with 17th and 18th and 1878 additions.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 33 Site Name Stables, The Peel Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB1006 HER Number Site Gazetteer

HER Number Status Designated Easting 259360 Northing 656067 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description 17th century crowstep gables.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 34 Site Name Wester Kittochside Farm Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB1008 HER Number Status Designated Easting 260832 Northing 656331 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description WESTER KITTOCHSIDE, INCLUDING FARMHOUSE, STEADING, DUTCH BARNS, BOUNDARY WALLS AND GATEPIERS

FARMHOUSE: dated 1783, with kitchen addition, 1906. 2-storey and attic 5-bay classical L-plan symmetrical farmhouse with oculus to pediment spanning slightly advanced central bays. Stugged cream sandstone ashlar with polished ashlar dressings. Base course; dentilled eaves course. Lugged and keystoned margins to windows; long and short rusticated quoins. Small triangular-plan farm garden with simple stone square-plan gatepiers sited to SW of house.

S (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: pitch-roofed entrance porch addition (glazed superstructure over stone) at ground in bay to centre with 2-leaf timber panelled doors masking lugged and keystoned doorpiece; deep-set small-pane door with letterbox fanlight; window at 1st floor; oculus to pediment above. Window at each floor in bays flanking. Window at each floor in bays set back to outer left and right.

E (SIDE) ELEVATION: single advanced gabled bay to left with attic widow offset to right of gable; gablehead stack above. Window (blocked) to lean-to scullery addition to internal angle of L in bay to centre. Window at ground in bay to right.

W (SIDE) ELEVATION: attic window offset to left in gabled bay to right; gablehead stack above. Window at 1st floor in bay to left.

N (REAR) ELEVATION: boarded door to lean-to addition to internal angle of L to centre. 2-bay gabled elevation advanced to right: window offset to right at ground; window offset to left at 1st floor; gablehead stack above. Window at 1st floor in bay set back to left. Predominantly 12-pane timber sash and case windows. Grey slate roof; stone skews; block skewputts; corniced and panelled stacks; cast-iron rainwater goods.

INTERIOR: encaustic tiled hall; dogleg timber stair with turned timber balusters and timber handrail; architraved timber panelled doors; floreate cornices to main rooms; plain cornices Site Gazetteer

elsewhere; some purpose-built fitted furniture including arched display cabinet; timber partition walls to attic; bracketed fire surround to 1st floor drawing room with carved rococo cartouches to overmantle mirror; hand painted tiles depicting street scenes inset around grate; other period chimneypieces.

STEADING: between circa 1860 and 1895. Squared and snecked part-rendered sandstone farm buildings with ball-finialled gables, forming courtyard to rear (N) of main house, (byre/dairy and threshing barn as M-plan group to NE angle of courtyard); grey slate roofs; some small rooflights; cast-iron rainwater goods. Pair of further detached boarded and corrugated-iron Dutch barns to NW of courtyard.

BYRE AND DAIRY, (FORMING E RANGE): sliding boarded door to N gable; blank S gable with gablehead stack; regularly disposed ventilation holes along each long side; boarded door and trough courtyard side. Interior: concrete-lined floor with central slurry channels/greips; concrete cattle divisions with cast-iron tether poles; exposed timber roof. THRESHING BARN, (FORMING N RANGE): sliding 2-leaf boarded doors below round arch to E gable; 3 ledges (dovecote?) to gablehead above; blank W gable; 2 regularly disposed boarded doors with various narrow slit openings to S (courtyard) elevation; boarded door to right with blocked window to left to N elevation; slit openings between. Interior: timber threshing equipment largely intact; floor divided at W end with timber partitioning.

CENTRAL, LINKING RANGE (rebuilt 1930s): 2-bay, gabled, rectangular-plan linking range to internal angle; window in each bay to S elevation; boarded door, offset to left, of gabled (W) elevation.

STABLE, (FORMING W RANGE): SE angle abutting main house. Roofless lean-to spanning ground to S gable; small window to gable above. Lean-to spanning ground to N gable; small window to gable above. 2 evenly disposed sliding boarded doors to E (courtyard) elevation with 2 windows between; small centred window set high to W elevation; lean-to privy block (1906) with corrugated-iron roof to left with timber-panelled door to S return; square-plan ridge ventilator. Interior: timber stable divisions with upswept upper borders; timber hay racks; timber wall-mounted saddle racks; wooden privy seats to addition.

DUTCH HAY BARNS: earlier segmental-arched roofed, corrugated-iron barn with iron ribs and Y supports, bearing manufacturer?s plaque, ?A & J MAIN, Glasgow and London?; later, pitched- roofed boarded barn along south side with cast-iron columnar supports; lean-to addition to E.

GATEPIERS AND BOUNDARY WALLS: rendered low coped quadrant walls to square-plan piers sited to SE of main house; band course below cornice; large ball finials raised on swept supports; steel railings lining drive. Square-plan sandstone ashlar piers sited to N of house; stepped panel to main face; cornice; shallow pyramidal cap.

Statement of Special Interest The home of the Reid family for ten generations and gifted to the National Trust for Scotland in 1992 by Mrs Reid, Wester Kittochside is a substantial farmhouse/mansion with well-preserved farm buildings. A grandiose design for a farmhouse, its symmetricality, rusticated quoins and dentilled pediment giving it the air of a miniature country house. Much altered over the years with major works carried out in 1906 and then in 1995 by the National Trust for Scotland. This collection of late 18th century buildings represents an important and unique survivor of a traditional farm of the period which saw the horse give way to the tractor. The iron workings of the original horse mill, which powered the threshing barn adjacent, still remain, as does a good deal of the threshing machinery inside. The stable contains an interesting timber ladder, arched footholds cut from solid timber replacing more usual turned rungs. The byre and dairy complex are good survivors of their type with fixtures and fittings intact. The original 110-acre farm is of cultural significance too, with relics of hawthorn boundaries and drystane dykes demarking the separate agricultural zones found in the runrig system. The small triangular garden survives, having provided the household with fruit and vegetables. Architectural unity is attained by the repetition of the ball finials on the main gatepiers as well as on the farm gables, and features of interest to note on the farmhouse include its keystoned window margins and panelled stacks. The Reid family worked Wester Kittochside from at least 1567 until the early 1970s. Perhaps because of this prolonged ownership by a single family, Wester Kittochside has Site Gazetteer

escaped the massive changes forced on other farms by the pressure constantly to produce more. Technological advances and economic pressure saw the small farm replaced by larger, drastically altered units. Grain dryers or tractor machinery and accommodation saw the demolition of many original buildings; larger field systems necessitated the destruction of old field boundaries and any surviving signs of older cultivation skills. Wester Kittochside, however, retains these older features, and the buildings, together with the surviving field layout, provide an important and uniquely complete three dimensional diary of the agricultural revolution in Scotland.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 35 Site Name BOTHWELL, MAIN STREET, ST BRIDE'S COLLEGIATE CHURCH, (CHURCH OF SCOTLAND), INCLUDI Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB5134 HER Number Status Designated Easting 270514 Northing 658611 Parish Bothwell Council South Lanarkshire Description BOTHWELL, MAIN STREET, ST BRIDE'S COLLEGIATE CHURCH, (CHURCH OF SCOTLAND), INCLUDING GRAVEYARD, BOUNDARY WALLS, GATEPIERS AND GATES

David Hamilton, 1833; adjoining original 1398 choir to E, restored, 1898 by Sir Robert Rowand Anderson. Rectangular-plan Late Perpendicular Gothic church with pinnacled buttresses dividing bays and to angles; single storey rectangular-plan castellated entrance porch to centre; 3-stage pinnacled tower to rear between old and new structures. Droved pink sandstone ashlar with polished ashlar dressings. Base course; cornice to porch; gabled string course to central buttresses at ground; hoodmoulds over windows; cornice and blocking course to gable. Pointed-arched windows with chamfered and moulded reveals; stone mullions and transoms.

W (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: 3-bay; bipartite window to entrance porch with quatrefoil motif to castellated blocking course above; gabled door projection to N side of porch with part-glazed 2- leaf timber panelled door. Tall perpendicular traceried window in bay to centre; polygonal finial and crucifix to galbehead above. Plate traceried window in each bay flanking.

N (SIDE) ELEVATION: 9-bay, grouped 5-3 with 5-bay 19th century structure to left and 4-bay 14th century structure to right. 19th century block to left: plate traceried window in each of 4 bays to left with stepped buttresses dividing bays; window in remaining gabled bay with pinnacled buttresses flanking; pointed-arched niche to gablehead. 4-bay 14th century block to right: nook shafts to basket- arched doorway in bay to left of centre; deep-set boarded door with decorative wrought-iron hinges; multi-moulded traceried window above. Window in bay to left with inscribed memorial plaque below. Window in bay to right with triple gabled memorial below. Window in bay to outer right.

S (SIDE) ELEVATION: 9-bay, similar treatment to N elevation; lean-to buttressed projection in bay to left of centre of 14th century block with free-standing tall, polygonal stack flanking.

E (REAR) ELEVATION: steeply pitched single gabled bay with multi-moulded traceried window flanked by buttresses; crucifix finial to gablehead above; deep-set carved stone memorial niche set to right below. Site Gazetteer

TOWER: 3-stage tower to Hamilton church, sited between old and new structures. String course dividing each stage; hood moulds over openings; cornice and castellated blocking course above. Stepped angle buttresses; pinnacle to each angle. Clock to each face at 1st stage. Traceried window to each side at 2nd stage. Trefoil-headed, triple louvered opening within square recess to each face at 3rd stage. Fixed leaded stained glass windows. Grey slate roof; stone slabbed roof to 14th century choir. Ashlar coped skews; cast-iron rainwater goods with decorative hoppers.

INTERIOR: wide aisleless hall church with boarded timber roof; exposed tie beams and braces; narthex/vestibule with pillared arcade at west end; tall pointed arch at crossing with lower arches flanking. Timber pews; carved pentagonal pulpit with timber canopy set against crossing pier; carved stone octagonal font on marble pedestal to N transept; organ pipes set high above. Ribbed pointed barrel-vaulted roof to choir with large stained glass window and wall-mounted memorials to the Duke of Hamilton (1634-1694) and the Earls of Douglas. The former was originally erected in the now demolished kirk of Hamilton, from which it was transferred in 1852. It is made from black and white marble and Caen stone, the latter originally painted to imitate the former. Barleysugar columns with Corinthian capitals support a deep and decorative cornice. They flank a central urn on an inscribed base and cherubs frolic amongst clouds and drapery above. Slightly more reserved is the monument to the Earls of Douglas who named the church after their patron saint.

GATEPIERS AND BOUNDARY WALLS: octagonal-plan red sandstone ashlar piers; plinths; raised stylised ogee-headed panels to every other side; string course, cornice and curved dentilled cap. Wrought-iron and glass octagonal (converted) gas lamps above. Low bull-faced red sandstone walls with ridged ashlar cope.

GRAVEYARD: walled graveyard situated to N of church with entrance to N. Squared sandstone rubble walls with curved stugged ashlar cope. Square-plan sandstone ashlar piers with string course and shallow pyramidal caps; wrought-iron gate. Graveyard mainly contains 18th and 19th century headstones.

Statement of Special Interest Ecclesiastical building in use as such. Consisting of a 14th century choir and a 19th century church, now integrated as one, St Bride's is an important landmark in Bothwell. The old collegiate church situated to the E (rear) of the present church is the original church at Bothwell, founded in 1398 by Archibald the Grim, Earl of Douglas (who married Johanna Moray, heiress of Bothwell). The master mason was Thomas Tron, a fact preserved by an inscription to the rear or the building. It is an example of Second Pointed Gothic architecture and it retains its original roof, one of the few such examples in Scotland. It is unique, with a pointed barrel vault with six moulded ribs supported on moulded corbels. It is covered in large stone slabs, each weighing 2cwts, making the entire roof weight around 100 tons. Despite its early date, the 14th century Gothic choir seems to have had even earlier predecessors, as it is believed that there may have been a chapel on this site since the 6th century, and fragments unearthed during the reconstruction of the church in 1933 show evidence of a 12th century Norman building on the site. The present 14th century Gothic building now acts as the choir to the 19th century church built by David Hamilton (also responsible for buildings such as Hutcheson?s Hospital and Glasgow Royal Exchange) in 1833. However, by 1822 the original choir had fallen into disrepair until Sir Robert Rowand Anderson restored it in 1898, the 500th anniversary of its foundation. In 1933, according to plans by J J Waddell, the two buildings were harmoniously integrated at a cost of #10 000. Integration involved the complete gutting of the interior of Hamilton's church, stripping the plastered walls, removal of the gallery and ceiling and lowering the floor level to that of the choir. A massive steel structure was introduced to support the tower, beneath which a central arch was constructed to lead into the crossing. The old vestry to the west end was transformed into a narthex. Hamilton's 19th century building is Late Decorated Perpendicular Gothic in style and the hoodmoulds over the aisle windows terminate in carvings of the faces of various local personalities; one has been identified as Meg Steel, one time landlady of nearby Douglas Arms (see separate list description), William Allan, a local school teacher, and James Watson, a local gravedigger. The impressive stained glass window at the east end was designed by Burne-Jones and depicts the Nativity. Site Gazetteer

There is also fine stained glass by Christopher Whall within the chapel, and some late medieval Flemish painted glass.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 36 Site Name Joanne Baillie Monument, St Bride's Parish Church, Main Street, Bothwell Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB5135 HER Number Status Designated Easting 270444 Northing 658591 Parish Bothwell Council South Lanarkshire Description BOTHWELL, BOTHWELL PARISH CHURCH, JOANNA BAILLIE MONUMENT

Description Circa 1899. Square-plan arcaded moulded and cast Italianate monument, raised on polished granite plinth, to the poetess Joanna Baillie, sited to SE of Bothwell Parish Church. Red Doultonware with large, framed mosaic panels to each elevation. Free-standing barleysugar Corinthian column at each angle supporting round arch, standing on advanced square plinths with foliate panels; foliate rectangular panels, slightly recessed, between; cornice between plinth and column. Foliate spandrels; floral and foliate frieze below cornice. Ogee roof with Doultonware blocked tiles and seated cherub at each angle; tall foliate finial. PANELS: roundel with inscription and foliate border below to each elevation depicting portrait of Joanna Baillie, Bothwell Castle, 2 cherubs and fruit trees.

Statement of Special Interest Interest in terracotta peaked in 1886 and a 'rash of terracotta' broke out along high streets and in public places, reflecting a new mood of openness in architectural design, an enthusiasm for new materials and a great sense of civic pride. Producers of terracotta in Scotland numbered only one, being Ferguson, Miller & Co, Heathfield, Strathclyde who produced ?large vases and fountains in the 1850s?. It seems more likely that the Baillie monument was ordered from Doulton & Co, London (or from their works in Rowley Regis, opened in 1889) and assembled on site. Joanna Baillie was born in the manse behind the church (see separate list description) on 11th September 1762 and was the daughter of the minister of St. Brides; she was later to become a friend of Sir Walter Scott. Her father having died in 1776, Joanna and the family moved to London; Joanna spent the rest of her life in Hampstead where she is buried. Here she was to gain notoriety as a poet and a playwright, often writing in her native lowland Scots dialect, her verse "Family Legend" being one of her best known works. The mosaic panels are Venetian, and were manufactured by the Murano Glass Company. The depiction of Joanna is copied from a painting by Masquerier. Likewise, the image of Bothwell Castle with the Clyde at its base is taken from the painting by Horatio McCulloch. The cherubs at each corner of the monument represent music, poetry, literature and drama. Other allegorical references include the carved capitals, the lily representing Joanna's purity, the thistle for her nationality, the rose for her years spent in England and the acorn for her strength of character. In 1898 James Donald demolished some uninspiring buildings which stood near the main entrance of St Brides and refaced the immediate entrance area of the church. He had the lodge built for the church officer (see separate list description), bought and erected the monument to Joanna Baillie, which was unveiled in 1899, and planted the area with trees and shrubs, greatly enhancing the church environs. Joanna Baillie died on February Site Gazetteer

23rd, 1851 in Hampstead, but the extent to which she was respected in her native Bothwell is demonstrated by this lavish and unusual amalgam Doultonware sculpture and craftwork. Compare with the elaborate terracotta fountain by A E Pearce for Doulton's 1888 Glasgow Empire Exhibition on Glasgow Green.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 37 Site Name Bothwell Bridge, River Clyde, Bothwell Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB5138 HER Number Status Designated Easting 271077 Northing 657765 Parish Bothwell Council South Lanarkshire Description Description Earlier 17th century, widened and altered, 1826, widened further with walkways attached, 1871. 4 weathered pink sandstone ashlar round arches with chamfered ribs to W, ashlar soffits, voussoirs and abutments. 3/4 height triangular-plan cutwaters between arches to W with downswept sectional ends; half height triangular-plan cutwaters with band course to E; reinforced bases to piers and cutwaters. Cantilevered and bracketed cast-iron latticework parapets with regular piers to each side, abutting coped sandstone approach walls (some stugged ashlar, some squared rubble) to N and S.

Statement of Special Interest De-scheduled 14 November 1994. Carries the B7071 over the Clyde to the south of Bothwell. From 1787 the bridge was used by the Glasgow to Carlisle coach. The oldest and most interesting parts of the bridge are the ribbed, original sections to the west. A feature of pre- 1700 bridge construction the ribs remain in good condition with scrolled terminals. It is reported that the originally bridge was 5 spans and very narrow and steeply sloping towards the centre, on which stood a gatehouse for the collection of tolls; its present form, however, with its 4 even arches, would conter this supposition. A bridge of great importance being the site of the famous battle between the Covenanters and their Royalist persecutors. Religious differences between the two sides culminated on 3rd May 1679 when the Covenanters murdered Archbishop James Sharp of St. Andrews. On 22nd July 1679, seeking to quash such activities, the Royalist Highland Army of the Duke of Monmouth took up arms against the Covenanters and the Battle of Bothwell was fought, the Royalists on the Bothwell side of the bridge and the Covenanters camped to the South. After a bloody battle the Covenanters were routed, with 400 of their number killed and 1200 taken prisoner, with the majority later executed.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 38 Site Name Gleneden, Laighlands Road, Bothwell Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB5151 Site Gazetteer

HER Number Status Designated Easting 270911 Northing 658497 Parish Bothwell Council South Lanarkshire Description BOTHWELL, LAIGHLANDS ROAD, CRIAGIEVAR AND GLENEDEN INCLUDING ENTRANCE LAMPSTANDS

Description Alexander Thomson, 1855, with later alterations and additions. 2-storey (single storey to right), 4-bay asymmetrical villa (now divided) with 3-stage Italianate tower to right and modern, glazed entrance porch to left. Shallow gabled bays with overhanging eaves and exposed rafters and semicircular 7-light bay to centre. Stugged and snecked pink sandstone with polished and droved ashlar dressings. Base course; bossed eaves course to semicircular bay; eaves course to entrance bay to right; band course between ground and 1st floor. Columnar mullions to ground floor windows; chamfered reveals to 1st floor windows; bull-faced long and short quoins with droved strips to angles. Tower: string courses dividing stages; machiolation course around 3rd stage.

E (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: 4-bay with slightly advanced gabled bay to centre and long side of single storey rectangular-plan entrance bay set back to right with tower behind. Projecting 7 light bay at ground to centre; single window at 1st floor above. Window with raised, toothed lintel in bay to left; monogrammed shield above. Bipartite, round-arched window at ground in bay to outer left; dormer window with bracketed cill and decorative wrought-iron parapet at 1st floor above. 5-light round-arched bay to right of centre; 3 blind slits, evenly disposed, at 2nd stage of tower behind; 3, evenly disposed, small square windows to all faces of tower at 3rd stage above.

N (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: irregular 4-bay. Lampstandards flanking steps to entrance porch in bay to left: tapered square-plan with ball supporting lamp shaft above, cast-iron lamp stands on sandstone plinths; embossed fleur-de-lys and anthemion motifs with ram?s heads at angles; opaque glass (possibly replacement) globes above; keystoned lintel over architraved doorway; 3-leaf timber panelled door with boss details. Small bipartite round-arched window below round-arched stair window at 1st stage of tower to right. 3-light round-arched window at ground in advanced gabled bay to right; window at 1st floor above. Replacement timber door at ground to flat-roofed, single storey bay to outer right.

S (SIDE) ELEVATION: irregular 3-bay with gable to right. Modern, glazed rectangular-plan entrance porch with modern steel balcony at ground in gabled bay to right; round-arched window, set to right, at 1st floor above. Narrow window with small window flanking at ground in bay to centre; 2 windows, set close, at 1st floor above. Replacement door at ground in bay to left.

W (REAR) ELEVATION: irregular 4-bay with gable to centre, bipartite and tripartite windows at ground and lean-to brick addition to outer left. Variety of glazing patterns including 2- and 4-pane timber sash and case windows; fixed windows to tower (stained glass border to stair window); modern plate glass to S porch. Grey slate and decorative cast-iron ridge to shallow pitched and piended roof; slate to shallow pyramidal roof with flag-pole to tower; modern roofing material to lean-to addition; multi-flue ashlar coped stacks with panelled and dentilled cans; cast-iron rainwater goods.

INTERIOR: not seen, 1997.

Statement of Special Interest Originally a single large villa, now divided, sited on the lower reaches of the Clyde valley and giving views towards Strathclyde Country Park (now somewhat interrupted by the M74). A good example of the early Thomson style, emphasised by the inclusion of an Italianate tower Site Gazetteer

(as at Greenbank, in the nearby village of Bothwell; see separate list description) as, from around 1856-7 he was to exclude such towers from his repertoire. Typically, the external appearance reflects the internal layout with the semicircular bay to the centre of the principal elevation indicating a major room. Advanced and recessed planes, some gabled and all with bold overhanging eaves, are a typical Thomson feature and his attention to detail is illustrated by the repetition on the doors of the small bosses found around the cornice of the semicircular bay. In plan and elevation Craigievar/Gleneden is strikingly similar to Craig Ailey, Kilcreggan, Dunbartonshire of 1850. The latter also sports a central semicircular bay, a low, rectangular- plan porch in front of a machicolated-detailed tower and predominantly round-arched windows.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 39 Site Name Railway Viaduct, Clyde River, Uddingston Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB5153 HER Number Status Designated Easting 268795 Northing 660883 Parish Bothwell Council South Lanarkshire Description Description 1848. 3-span, segmental-arched cast-iron viaduct with 4 solid ribs per arch, tied by wrought- iron bracing, and open lattice spandrels. Bull faced red sandstone ashlar piers, with polished ashlar band course, dividing arches. Semicircular-plan cutwaters below stepped, square-plan coped piers (central cope missing upstream). Bull-faced red sandstone ashlar approach walls with 2 deep round-arched recesses upstream to W bank; coped walls above. Later, 3-span steel N-truss girder bridge with open lattice parapet and stugged red sandstone ashlar square- plan dividing piers, abutting original viaduct immediately downstream. Swept, semicircular cutwaters with polished ashlar band course; corniced piers with tall, stepped and coped block rising above parapet to each. Red sandstone ashlar approach walls with band course below plain, coped parapet.

Statement of Special Interest Built by the Caledonian Railway Company to take the line from Uddingston to Glasgow. Opened in 1848.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 40 Site Name David Livingstone Memorial, Station Road, Blantyre Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB5162 HER Number Status Designated Easting Site Gazetteer

Easting 269508 Northing 658517 Parish Blantyre Council South Lanarkshire Description SCOTTISH NATIONAL MEMORIAL TO DAVID LIVINGSTONE. "Shuttle Row" erected circa 1780.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 41 Site Name Chatelherault Hunting Lodge And Ornamental Gardens, Chatelherault Country Park Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB12485 HER Number Status Designated Easting 273644 Northing 653930 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description CHATELHERAULT HUNTING LODGE, ORNAMENTAL GARDENS BOUNDARY AND COURTYARD WALLS AND LEOPARD HOUSE

William Adam; 1731 design built 1732-43. Ornamental hunting lodge and "dogg Kennel", built as eyecatcher terminating Hamilton Palace south avenue and with fantastic long baroque symmetrical facade. Abandoned when Hamilton Palace was demolished circa 1929, and renovated by SDD Historic Buildings Division in conjunction with Hamilton District Council, 1978-87. 4 2-storey ranges linked by screen walls, east-most range contains Duke's apartment at 1st floor, with restored Clayton plasterwork; banqueting hall in next range alongside. Courtyard to rear (south), ha-ha wall reaches substantial height at west, with slope of ground; dummy fortifications; leopard house at east, mound at south-east. All rubble and ashlar with slate roofs.

Statement of Special Interest Original interior work, which included plasterwork by Thomas Clayton continued until circa 1746, has completely gone.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 42 Site Name Avon Bridge, Avon Water, Carlisle Road, Hamilton Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB12516 HER Number Status Designated Easting Site Gazetteer

Easting 273510 Northing 654768 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Single span. 1820. Thomas Telford.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 43 Site Name Old Avon Bridge, Avon Water, Old Avon Road, Hamilton Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB12518 HER Number Status Designated Easting 273322 Northing 654637 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description 3 arches. 17th century.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 44 Site Name Hamilton Monument Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB12520 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272898 Northing 654385 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description In memory of William, Duke of Hamilton, Brandon, and Chatelherault died 15th July, 1863. Bust by T. Mossmann dated 1869.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 45 Site Name Terraced Gardens And Summer Houses, Barncluith House, Hamilton Type of Site Site Gazetteer

Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB12522 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272995 Northing 654480 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description 1538 House, garden, terraces and 16th century tower form an important Grade A group.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 46 Site Name Hunter House, Maxwellton Road, East Kilbride Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26607 HER Number Status Designated Easting 265222 Northing 655804 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Early 18th century; early 19th century alterations. 2-storey, 3-bay dwelling house; 1996 converted to museum; single storey and attic range to W. Painted harl; raised margins to main house; squared and snecked rubble to range.

S (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: central timber porch; single windows flanking; regular fenestration above; plaque outlining history of house between 1st and 2nd bays at 1st floor. Single storey and attic range extends to W; 3 single windows to right; blind to left; single window in gablehead of left return. W ELEVATION: adjoining range.

N (REAR) ELEVATION: central tympany gable with blind oculus; irregular pattern and size of fenestration. Double gable extension to range; modern door and windows to right gable; modern windows on returns; skylight windows.

E ELEVATION: single window in left bay at ground; single window in right bay at 1st floor. 12-pane sash and case windows to principal elevation; mix of 12-pane and 2-pane sash and case to rear elevation. Slate roof; crowstepped skews; straight skews to tympany gable; coped rubble stacks at gableheads. INTERIOR: house converted into a museum; original plan of house altered to create exhibition space, video-rooms and offices.

GATEPIERS AND BOUNDARY WALL: pair of stone piers; chamfered plinths; panelled shafts; pyramidal corniced caps. Low rubble wall.

Statement of Special Interest This house was the birthplace of the famous brothers, William and John Hunter. The estate of Site Gazetteer

Long Calderwood was purchased by their father, a successful grain merchant, in 1717 and it was an estate of 75 acres. A plaque on the front of the house preserves the link between the family and house: 'The birthplace of two great Scotsmen. William Hunter, Born 23 May 1718, Died 30 March 1783 and John Hunter, Born 13 February 1728, Died 16 October 1793, pre- eminent in medicine and in surgery'. Both men left East Kilbride for London and became respected doctors. The respect that John Hunter generated is demonstrated by his burial place - Westminster Abbey. William Hunter became a famed teacher of anatomy; his public lectures were attended by the great men of the day including David Hume and Adam Smith. He also pioneered the study of gynaecology: in 1774 he published 'The Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus'. At his death, in 1783, he bequeathed his eclectic collections, which included anatomical specimens, 12,000 books, 6,000 manuscripts, coins and art as well as an ethnographic collection, to Glasgow University. The University built a special museum to house its new possessions: The Hunterian. John Hunter preferred the practical side of medicine and was constantly investigating new avenues. As well as being a pre-eminent surgeon, he was Surgeon Extraordinary to King George III (his elder brother had been Surgeon Extraordinary to Queen Charlotte). In 1771 he published 'A Treatise on the Natural History of Human Teeth' and ten years later was a co-founder of the first Royal Veterinary College. The pride that East Kilbride holds for these two famous sons is evident throughout the town: the Hunter Museum, which was opened in 1996; Hunter Street was renamed during the 19th century to commemorate the brothers; the Hunter Memorial, by Benno Schotz, constructed at Priestknowe Roundabout.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 47 Site Name Brousterland, East Kilbride Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26619 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263451 Northing 654407 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 17th century; refronted mid 18th century; later additions. 2-storey and attic, 5-bay plain classical laird's house. Droved ashlar to entrance front with raised margins; painted harl to rear with exposed margins.

NE (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: quoins at arrises. Lugged architraved doorway with 2-leaf panel door; 2 single windows flanking on either side. 5 single windows at 1st floor. Single storey extension to left links house with old byre.

SE ELEVATION: single storey extension at ground.

SW (REAR) ELEVATION: central large single window; small window, square in proportion, above. Single windows in right and left bays at ground and 1st floor. 2 large dormer windows in attic.

NW ELEVATION: central single window at ground floor. 12-pane timber sash and case windows. Grey slate roof; crowstepped gables; beaked skewput; coped ashlar stacks at gableheads.

OUTBUILDING: squared and snecked rubble, harled and painted SE elevation. 4-bay single Site Gazetteer

storey building converted into offices. Door with 2 windows flanking to left, single window to right on NW elevation; bipartite window in centre of SE elevation; single window in right bay on NW elevation. Sash and case windows. Slate roof; straight skews; 3 coped stacks.

BYRE: single storey building; painted harl; converted into living space. Door in right bay; small central window square in proportion; round arched window to left. Slate roof; crowstepped skews; stacks at gableheads.

BOUNDARY WALL AND GATEPIERS: tall garden wall; squared and snecked rubble with coping. Square ashlar gatepiers with coped caps; modern wrought-iron gates.

Statement of Special Interest This is one of the oldest surviving dwelling houses in East Kilbride. The first known owner of the house was John Smith, who lived with his mother. Unfortunately for the family, in 1736, John Smith was declared bankrupt; James Wardrop of Duncanrig bought Brousterland the following year. In 1790, the house was rented by the Parish Church as the minister's manse and it remained a manse until the death of the Reverend James French in 1835. In the 1830s, a new manse was built by the Parish Church, in Stuart Street (see separate list description).

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 48 Site Name Mains Castle, East Kilbride Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26626 HER Number Status Designated Easting 262788 Northing 656041 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Circa 1450; 1970s restoration. 4-storey and caphouse; rectangular-plan tower house. Square stair tower at SE corner giving access to corbelled out parapet; rainwater goods outshoot from parapet wall.

S (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: 5-stage square stair tower to left with slit windows at 2nd, 3rd and 4th stages; round-arched entrance door to left; tiny slit window to right; single window to right at 3rd and 4th floors. Roof of caphouse visible over parapet with 2 attic dormer windows.

E ELEVATION: blank stair tower; slit windows at 1st, 2nd and 4th floors; crowstepped gable of caphouse visible over parapet.

N ELEVATION: square window at ground to right; square window at 3rd floor to left; window at 4th floor at right. Roof of caphouse visible over parapet.

W ELEVATION: single window at 2nd and 4th floors; crowstepped gable of caphouse visible over parapet.

INTERIOR: restored 1970s in a baronial style. Atmospheric barrel-vaulted dining hall at the ground; spacious hall at 1st floor with Aga and scullery; small stone WC also at 1st floor; bedrooms above - modern painted timber ceiling to principal bedroom; bedroom, small kitchen, office and bathroom with copper bath in attic. Site Gazetteer

Statement of Special Interest The lands of Kilbride were originally the property of the Norman family of de Valonis. The nearby farms of East and West Rogerton are named after Roger de Valonis. In the 13th century Isabella de Valonis married David Comyn; the estate along with Kilbride Castle formed part of her dowry. A descent of Isabella and David was 'Red Comyn' who was assassinated by Robert Bruce and his followers. As a forfeit for their relative's treachery, Bruce stripped the Comyns of their lands. The Kilbride lands then passed into the hands of Walter Stewart, who had married Princess Marjorie, Bruce's daughter. In 1382 Robert II granted the lands to John Lindsay of Dunrod, as reward for the loyalty a Lindsay ancestor had shown to Robert I. The Lindsay family moved from their ancestral home to Kilbride Castle. The current castle, Mains Castle, dates from the 15th century and was erected by the Lindsays. The castle remained in the possession of the family until 1619 when Alexander Lindsay, a tyrannical lord who through his misdemeanours was reduced to penury, sold the castle to the Stuarts of Castlemilk. In 1723, the Stuarts removed the roof so that the slates could be used for building work at Torrance House. Twenty years later, a stone bearing the Royal Arms, which had sat above the drawbridge gate at Mains Castle, was taken to Torrance House and set above the entrance door. The castle remained roofless and gradually deteriorated until the 1880s, when it was 'judiciously repaired'. However, it once more fell into disrepair after the roof collapsed during a fierce storm and was not restored until 1976. The restoration of the house won two Saltire awards: one for the best project in restoration and the other for excellence in reconstruction. It is now a private dwelling house. During the 1990s, the surrounding land was transformed into the James Hamilton Heritage Park and the loch, which had been drained as part of agricultural improvements, was reinstated. According to local legend, Mary Queen of Scots may have spent a night at Mains Castle on route to the battle of Langside.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 49 Site Name St Bride's R.C. Church, Whitemoss Avenue, East Kilbride Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26630 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264047 Northing 654304 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Description Gillespie, Kidd and Coia, 1963-4. Monolithic, rectangular-plan Roman Catholic Church; paved piazza; single storey presbytery. Red brick.

CHURCH W (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: blind wall; blind slit windows along roof line; concealed entrance in central cleft; chamfer with brick stepping to left of entrance.

N ELEVATION: vertical patterns of cogging providing richly textured surface.

E (REAR) ELEVATION: horizontal patterns of cogging contrasting with the N elevation; dip in roof to right; stepped recess rectangular section below contrasting with the projecting cogging; similar detail near ground.

S (LITURGICAL E) ELEVATION: 5 stepped recesses in upper part with rainwater goods; stepped projection to right at ground - corresponds to the tabernacle in the interior. Site Gazetteer

Steel framed roof with slot patent glazing for lighting; 3 tall copper-clad dormers provide additional lighting.

INTERIOR: large rectangular, full height 'nave'; side chapel, confessional and baptistry on ground floor; freestanding gallery above side chapel etc; gallery on N wall at very top; all top lit.

'NAVE': paved floor; wooden pews providing 800 sittings; raised sanctuary with green carpeting; raised altar; recessed alcove for tabernacle; red curtain hung at back of alcove; sculpture of crucified Christ hangs above. Pulpit built into E wall; recessed flight of stairs leads to pulpit; front of pulpit curves out of wall; deep recesses all along E wall which allow light to trickle down into the interior.

GALLERY: plain space used as overspill; accessed by stair concealed in W wall.

UPPER GALLERY: runs along N wall; plain wall with curved base; regular pattern of stepped recesses along wall; accessed by spiral stair concealed in W wall.

PRESBYTERY, CHAPEL BUILDINGS AND PIAZZA: Z-plan single storey and basement range to W of church; red brick; flat copped roofs and fascia; small cornice of windows between fascia and roof; interplay between solid and void on walls. At SW corner of piazza is flight of steps; on top step is trio of round, reinforced glass windows - these light a shrine to the Virgin Mother below. Church and two ranges frame piazza; black with red brick tiling in shape of sun and its rays - symbolising the church and Christ as the light of the World.

Statement of Special Interest Information courtesy of Father and members of congregation. St Bride's has been hailed as an amazing piece of contemporary ecclesiastical architecture and received the RIBA bronze medal for architecture in 1964, for the area of the Glasgow Institute of Architects. The expressionistic design of the exterior of St Bride's is enhanced by the dramatic chiaroscuro effect of the interior, which has Baroque overtones. The dismantling of the 90ft campanile altered the design but it is still possible to imagine the impact this towering structure must have had.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 50 Site Name Lanark County Buildings, Almada Street, Hamilton Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB34472 HER Number Status Designated Easting 271471 Northing 655882 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description D G Bannerman, Lanark County Architects' department. 1959-64. Engineer: W V Zinn. International Modern group of two large civic buildings arranged in a podium and tower composition set in a wide plaza-type public space of hard landscaping.

ADMINISTRATIVE AREA: 17-storey, 200-foot monumental tower block externally clad on east and west gables in white ceramic mosaics: north and south facades are of anodised aluminium curtain walling with mosaic-clad bands at sides and top. The curtain walling is horizontally- banded where it fronts office space, and vertically-lined where it fronts the lift hall and the two catering floors. Site Gazetteer

COUNCIL AREA: Organised around a north-south corridor spine, directly accessible from the tower block. On the west side of the corridor is a range of committee rooms and at the north, where the corridor extends into the plaza, the circular Council Chamber which has vertical split windows alternating with precast concrete units and a direct public entrance to extreme south. Internally the Council Chamber has stepped rows of desks rising to south.

CIVIC SQUARE: Monumental entrance plaza with paving, lawns, pools and fountains traversed by a bridge from Almada Street to the main entrance and reached by a ramp from Beckford Street.

Statement of Special Interest A landmark building of the International Modern style of architecture in this country; as pioneered at the United Nations Headquarters in New York and at Brasilia. Main contractor: Laing Construction Ltd.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 51 Site Name Hamilton Parish Church, Cadzow Lane, Hamilton Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB34473 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272327 Northing 655534 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description 1732 from designs of William Adam. Interior recast 1926, part original pulpit extant. Ecclesiastical use as such.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 52 Site Name 92-94 Cadzow Street, Hamilton Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB34503 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272332 Northing 655638 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Bonn of Babtie & Bonn, structural engineers 1903, designed in conjunction with adjoining Cadzow Bridge reconstruction. Large commercial building with Site Gazetteer

continental (mainly Parisian and Viennese) modern movement motifs. Approximately square plan with splayed N angle, 2-storey and dormerless attic above Bridge level, 4 low storeys beneath, red ashlar above Bridge level, bullfaced snecked rubble with ashlar dressings beneath. Cadzow Street frontage 3 wide keyblocked segmental arches linked by segment headed doorways ground floor, traceried segments and centre mullions at large openings, fine modern movement iron gates at pend in right hand bay; channelled spandrels and angle pilasters, plain 5-window ashlar 1st-floor with continous art deco type iron balcony: NW frontage to bridge 3-bay above Bridge level, outer bays similar treatment, centre bay unchannelled and framed in octagonal shafts arch similar but keyblock integrated with sculptured corbelling of semi-elliptical centre balcony, 3 windows with bowed lintels at 1st shield and shallow relief sculpture at centre, circular attic window above in combination of straight and semi circular gables with sculpture at top; substructure has triplets of small square windows flanking square stairway projection, rusticated lunette arch at base, and bow at top to front massive cantilevered balcony NW flank, flyover from Cadzow Bridge; I window splayed angle; and rear frontage of snecked rubble with ashlar dressings. 2 wide arches flanking segment headed window at bridge level, 5 window above. Piended slated roof, brick chimneys.

Statement of Special Interest Built for Prov<> Henry Keith A group with Cadzow Bridge, Municipal Building and 105 Cadzow

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 53 Site Name Cadzow Bridge, Cadzow Burn, Cadzow Street, Hamilton Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB34504 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272300 Northing 655630 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description 1836, widened 1900-03 by Bonn Babtie and Bonn on the model of Dean Bridge Edinburgh but with Otto Wagner type classical - modern detail. Red sandstone, 3 broad segmental arches with raised voussoirs footpath arches sprung from piers, flatter architraved curve with keyblocks. Parapet panelled externally. Wagnerian dies with curvilinear tops, pierced and sunk motifs.

Statement of Special Interest A group with 92, 94 and 105 Cadzow Street and Municipal Building

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 54 Site Name Mausoleum, Hamilton Low Parks, Hamilton Type of Site Site Gazetteer

Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB34518 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272690 Northing 656316 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Begun 1840, David Hamilton: continued to a different design 1848-55 by David Bryce Sculptor, Alexander Handyside Ritchie. Roman 120ft high; standing on three- arched eastern terrace with flanking lions on podium and right angled stairways; keystone heads represent Life Death and Immortality. Square plan channelled podium with stepped base courses, simple architraved square headed west entrance; middle stage pilastered 5-bay, rectangular panel centre bay, arch headed panels outer bays; rusticated rotunda above rising into dome. Bronze doors by Sir John Steell based on Ghibertis' at Florence. Interior: Chapel has rich polychrome marble floor, tall 8-bay arcade with semi domed chambers in angles, armorial cartouches in spandrels, coupled Ionic pilastered upper drum with pedimented niches and coffered dome with oculus. Vaults in terrace below have central pillar and sgemental vault.

Statement of Special Interest Built for Alexander 10th Duke of Hamilton

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 55 Site Name Including Remnant Wall And Gatepier To Se Corner Of Site, Incorporating Fromer Crawford Hou Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB34521 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272439 Northing 655896 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description 129 MUIR STREET, LOW PARKS MUSEUM, INCORPORATING FORMER CRAWFORD HOUSE WITH ASSEMBLY ROOM AND FORMER HAMILTON PALACE RIDING SCHOOL, INCLUDING REMNANT WALL AND GATEPIER TO SE CORNER OF SITE

Multiphase museum site incorporating former house by James Smith (1696) and later former stable block by William Burn (1837-42) with alterations; glazed SE entrance and N range additions linking the two to form irregular-plan enclosed courtyard complex (1993-2000). FORMER CRAWFORD HOUSE: 1696. L-plan with principal (S) 2-storey, 6-bay symmetrical elevation with projecting central pediment, steep-pitched piended roof and heavy stacks with paired recessed 3-storey, 3-bay wings to sides with tall wallhead stacks. Rendered with exposed margined quoins and window margins. Stone sundials to upper eaves corners. Circa 1784, plain section to W side returning to form long range housing Assembly Room and former fives court to rear. Site Gazetteer

INTERIOR: (seen 2013). Some good interior decorative finishes survive to interiors of former house, (upper floors not seen). Assembly Room with fine decorative detailing including curved balcony on 2 slender Ionic columns with plaster frieze to bowed balcony front, decorative cornice frieze with combed ceiling, delicate ceiling roses and timber and tiled fireplace. Round arched windows with panelled timber shutters. 6-panel doors with decorative carving. Curved boarded timber ceiling to former fives court to rear.

FORMER RIDING SCHOOL BLOCK: 1837-42. Tall, 6-bay, rectangular-plan, piended-roofed, red sandstone former riding school to E side of courtyard. High blind segmental arched elevations with semi-circular windows over running horizontal cill course.

INTERIOR: (seen 2013). Plasterboard cladding to a high dado height with original exposed stonework above and flat boarded out ceiling in sections. Late 20th century stairs, mezzanine and exhibit spaces to interior. 12-pane glazing pattern in timber sash and case windows to house, multipane to arched windows of former riding school and assembly room. Slate roofs with tall, shouldered corniced stacks to house.

Statement of Special Interest The Low Parks Museum incorporates two fine early examples of buildings within the grouping: the late 17th century former manor house which is thought to be the earliest surviving building in Hamilton and the earlier 19th century former Hamilton Palace Riding School, both of which are fine examples of buildings for their date and both by prominent architects from their respective centuries. The central house was originally the Crawford House built in 1696 as the residence of David Crawford, Secretary to Duchess Anne (1632-1716) it was a substantial house sited near the foot of the 'Hietoun' close to the precincts of Hamilton Palace. It was built to the designs of the architect, James Smith (c.1645-1731) who was then working for the duchess on 'The Great Design' for the palace. The house was bought by the 8th Duke of Hamilton (1756-99) in 1784, at which point the assembly room with a musicians' gallery range and fives court beyond was added at the rear NW corner. Crawford House became 'The Hamilton Arms' and the 'Old Head Inn', a busy social centre and coaching inn on the London-Glasgow route patronised by a succession of distinguished visitors, including Samuel Coleridge and William Wordsworth. As the town developed the area was bypassed becoming more quiet and in 1835 the building became the office for the Duke's chamberlain, continuing to serve as the Hamilton Palace Estates Office until 1964 when it was bought by the Burgh Museum. Opened as Hamilton Burgh Museum in 1967. The former Riding School to the E was designed in 1842 by the renowned Edinburgh architect William Burn (1789-1870), for the 10th Duke of Hamilton (1767-1852); known as the Duke's Riding School it was built to replace the stables court within the Hamilton Palace complex. The 6-bayed exterior with high windows may reflect the original interior layout of the top-lit horse stalls within, possibly disposed in series on each side of a central aisle. The statistical account of 1834-45 notes that the stables are under construction. The Riding School became the Cameronian (Scottish Rifle) Regimental Museum in 1983 named in honour of the minister Richard Cameron who was killed in 1680. It provided a reminder of the strong Covenanting traditions of the Hamilton area and of the Presbyterian sympathies of the ducal family during the critical period of conflict in the latter half of the 17th century. Aware of these sympathies, after the Battle of Bothwell Brig in June 1679 many of the defeated Covenanters sought refuge in the grounds of the palace from the pursuit of the victorious Government army under the Duke of Monmouth. He complied with Duchess Anne's request not to enter her parks 'lest he disturb the game'. The two museums were merged and in 1993 a major refurbishment programme was executed to link the two buildings to form the Low Parks Museum. These works included the construction of a large glazed rounded entrance section linking the two buildings to the SE corner of the site and a new red sandstone barrel-roofed range to the N (Portland Gallery) completing the site and forming an enclosed courtyard. Internally all buildings are now linked in a full circle. Formerly listed separately as Hamilton Burgh Museum and the Cameronian Regimental Museum, the latter's category was upgraded to A in 1995. Listings merged in 2013. Site Gazetteer

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 56 Site Name North East Range, Stables And Coach House, Dalzell House Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB38238 HER Number Status Designated Easting 276029 Northing 655036 Parish Motherwell And Wishaw Council North Lanarkshire Description MOTHERWELL, DALZELL HOUSE INCLUDING WELLHEAD, COACH HOUSE, STABLES AND TERRACED GARDEN

Early 16th century, additions 1649 and RW Billings, 1857-59, restored and converted 1980s. 3- storey, square-plan courtyard, castellated country house now flatted. Keep with caphouse to centre, enclosed by flanking wings and courtyard wall opposite.

KEEP: early 16th century. 3-storey with caphouse, 3-bay, rectangular-plan. Bartizaned parapet; billeted corbelling, round angle towers. Squared red sandstone, yellow ashlar quoins. W (COURTYARD) ELEVATION: 4-centred-arch doorway to centre, bead-moulded architrave, roll- moulded to reveal, angled panel frames bearing Hamilton ciphers flanking arch; gunloop to right. 2 offset arrow slits to 2nd storey, outer right bay. Paired, tall, architraved windows to centre of 3rd storey. Crowstep-gabled caphouse; coped gablehead stack, panel frame bearing Hamilton of Dalzell arms to gablehead. E (REAR) ELEVATION: narrow window to centre, entrance to right, tall narrow window to 2nd storey centre. N (SIDE) ELEVATION: obscured by adjoining N wing. S (SIDE) ELEVATION: obscured by adjoining S wing.

NE WING: circa 1649. 3-storey, 4-bay, rectangular-plan, crowstep gabled block. Squared red sandstone with yellow ashlar quoins and margins to openings. E (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: Base course, continuous stugged hoodmould to 1st floor windows. 2nd floor added by RW Billings, 1857-59; shoulder-arched windows below corbelled and crenellated parapet. 4-stage, square- plan stair tower added to NE corner, battered to octagonal embattled parapet. W (REAR) ELEVATION: obscured by adjoining N wing. N (SIDE) ELEVATION: obscured by adjoining coachhouse and stables. S (SIDE) ELEVATION: obscured by adjoining keep.

S WING: circa 1649. 3-storey, 7-bay, rectangular-plan, gabled block. Pedimented windows breaking eaves with strapwork to tympanum, stair tower with candle-snuffer roof to SW corner. Squared red sandstone coursers. Crowstepped gables. N (COURTYARD) ELEVATION: 3- storey, 4-bay; 3-stage, corbelled stair turret candle- to centre, small gunloops. Triangular-plan Billings addition to outer left return, small pedimented windows to 2nd and 3rd floor. Small half-gable end, window to ground to right. S (GARDEN TERRACE) ELEVATION: 4-storey, 7-bay, slightly irregular fenestration. Pedimented dormers breaking eaves, gabled roof dormers. 4- stage, corner tower to far left candle-snuffer roof. Billings addition full-height gabled, canted bay to centre, bowed oriels flanking canted oriel to centre of 1st floor with billeted fan corbelling. Gabled attic storey with corbelled bartizans, flat-roofed, bays behind gablehead. Engaged 2-stage, stair tower to right return. E (SIDE) ELEVATION: panel frame to gablehead, projecting battered, chimney flue to far right, terminating in coped wallhead stack. W (SIDE) ELEVATION: window to left, pediments with strapwork tympani carving. Courtyard wall abutting to left return, stair tower to right.

N WING: RW Billings, 1857-59. 3-storey, 5-bay, L-plan, gabled block. Octagonal stair tower to Site Gazetteer

NW corner, crowstepped gables. S (COURTYARD) ELEVATION: 3-stage, engaged stair tower to centre with candle-snuffer roof, asymmetrical fenestration. Gabled dormerheads breaking eaves to 2nd floor. Pointed arrow slit with small diamond-shaped window to centre of 3rd storey. Engaged, 4-stage stair tower with small, bartizaned gabled caphouse to S return. Narrow recessed links to main body of N wing to left and keep to right. N (REAR) ELEVATION: obscured by adjoining coach house. Corbelled machiolation to 1st floor. W (SIDE) ELEVATION: stepped stringcourse between floors, bipartite 3-stage, octagonal-plan stair tower to NW corner.

INTERIORS: converted into 16 apartments in late 1980s. Billing's Jacobethan interiors preserved throughout including coffered wood panelling and plasterwork, doors and fireplaces. Principle apartments: drawing room (flat 7), free standing carved timber Corinthian columns; library (flat 6); banqueting hall (flat 8); billiard room (flat 16) and vaulted entrance hall. Predominantly 12-pane sash and case windows. Grey slates, lead flashing. Coped gable stacks and skews, skewputts. Cast-iron rainwater goods.

COURTYARD WALL: later 17th century curtain wall, heavily altered by RW Billings, 1857-59. 7- bay wall with central walkway behind parapet. Red sandstone coursers and yellow sandstone ashlar. Cavetto moulded cornice supporting embattled parapet, stepped to link to angled square-plan, corbelled corner turret to S; arrow slits, incised star-shaped cresting. Large segmentally-arched carriage entrances to N and S outer bays; roll-moulded to reveals and hoodmoulded. Arcaded interior elevation; continuous plinth, banded columns with corbelled capitals; diamond-shaped openings above, short nailhead mouldings beneath, continuous hoodmould.

WELLHEAD: RW Billings, 1857-59. Canopied stone wellhead within courtyard. Plinth, banded columns, guilloche moulding to entablature, rope moulded cornice, conical roof, ball finial. Grey, fishscale slates. Decorative wrought iron screen.

STEADING: RW Billings, 1857-59. Predominantly single storey, rectangular-plan courtyard block. Half gabled entrance tower to N. Squared and tooled yellow sandstone coursers. Crowstepped gables, regular fenestration and converted entrances facing courtyard, blind exterior walls. N (ENTRANCE) WING: 2-storey, Single bay, square-plan entrance tower to centre with gablet-roofed belfry. S (REAR) WING: 2-storey, 4-bay. Mansard roof. E (SIDE) WING: W facing. Single storey with exposed basement to W, 5-bay. Flying entrance steps to stepped central doorway. 3-bay link to main house adjoining to left. 3-bay, shallow columnar arcade to ground, small gabled caphouse. W (SIDE) WING: 2-storey, 4-bay block to centre. 3-stage, square plan, gabled clock tower to centre rear, set at angle.

TERRACED GARDEN: later 17th century, altered by RW Billings, 1857-59. Extensive 3-tier, steeply terraced garden; long, narrow rectangular-plan terraces. S facing overlooking Dalzell Burn gorge. Squared sandstone coursers with ashlar ovolo moulded semicircular-arched coped parapets. TIER 1: adjacent to house. Entrance from park to far left; stepped coping to square- plan piers nailhead boss ornament, moulded pyramidal caps. Recessed steps from front esplanade of house, caps with segmental pediments to square-plan piers, strapwork carving to tympani. Recessed steps to centre to 2nd tier. TIER 2: corbelled bartizans to outer corners. Small flight of steps up to small mezzanine terrace to far right. Door in outer wall to far left, steps down to 3rd tier. TIER 3: quadrant corners, 3 horizontal terraces running down from right to left.

Statement of Special Interest The 15th century peel tower, now the central core of the house, was first enlarged in 1649 by James Hamilton of Boggs. A formal garden and approaches were laid out at this time, the outline of which is still discernible beneath later landscaping- in particular the main E-W approach axis across the Sow Bridge (see separate listing). The eighteenth century saw a gradual decline in the family's fortunes with much of Dalzell House falling into dilapidation until a second phase of development came in the mid 19th century, financed by the family's briefly lucrative local coal and steel interests. This was a massive programme of restoration, alterations and additions designed and overseen by RW Billings. Billings was the ideal architect for the works having published his acclaimed 'The Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Site Gazetteer

Scotland' only four years previously in 1852, many of the seventeenth century architectural forms and ornament illustrated in the book appearing in Billing's work at Dalzell. Billings had a close personal involvement with Dalzell House, living there for three years and executing most of the new plaster and stone work himself. Besides the new west wing Billing's carried out substantial remodelling of the existing building, particularly the keep. The original entrance had been to the right-hand side of the keep but was incorporated into a new projecting passage linking the keep to the east wing. The present vaulted entrance hall was formed out of the keep's cellars excavated by Billings. He also divided the central hall into two storeys, enlarged windows and installed fireplaces. A more detailed account of Billing's time at Dalzell is given in MacGibbon and Ross. The grounds also underwent landscaping at this time by a local man Andrew Cassells, probably working under Billing's supervision. Three new gate houses, Clyde Bridge, North Lodge and Burn Grange, were also built in this period (see separate listings). Lord Hamilton of Dalzell died in 1952 and the estate was sold and after being abandoned for many years Dalzell House was restored in the late 1980s.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 57 Site Name Torrance House, East Kilbride Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48654 HER Number Status Designated Easting 265478 Northing 652651 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description CALDERGLEN COUNTRY PARK, (FORMERLY TORRANCE HOUSE ESTATE), TORRANCE HOUSE AND COURTYARD

1605 L-plan 5-stage Tower House; William Adam, late 18th century 4-bay, 2-storey wing to left with 1879 alterations; William Adam, 1740 stable court attached to SW; 1879 single storey entrance porch in re-entrant angle; 1879 Scots Baronial additions in centre; modern garage to NE. Rubble sandstone tower-house; dressed stone to wing.

17th CENTURY TOWER HOUSE NW (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: projecting blind gable end to right; angled buttress at right; single window at upper floor of left return; irregular fenestration to left bay of right return; attic window with gable dormer and thistle finial; crowstepped gable end at right of return; adjoining later additions. Recessed tower to left; single windows at 3rd, 4th and 5th stages; 3 slit windows to right at upper floors; crenellated parapet. 2-storey Scots Baronial entrance porch in re-entrant angle; round arched doorway; mock-machicolations; crowstepped gable with window; bartizans; 2 windows to returns of bartizans.

NE ELEVATION: single windows to 1st 4 stages of tower to right; gable-end to left; modern garage extension at ground; single windows at 2 stages above. SE (REAR) ELEVATION: 3-storey and attic, 3-bay elevation; single windows in outer bays at 1st and 3rd floor; 3 single windows at 2nd floor; 2 attic windows with gable dormers with thistle finials; coats-of-arms carved on gablehead. 1879 2-storey and attic addition to left.

1879 ADDITIONS TO TOWER HOUSE NW (PRINCIPLE) ELEVATION: single storey crenellated entrance attached to ground floor of tower house with central 4-centred arch; shouldered arched doorway; 4-centred arched Site Gazetteer

hoodmould above. 2-storey, 2-bay gable-end behind, adjoining centre bay of tower house; single window in left bay with stone mullions; single window at 2nd floor on right return. 2- storey and attic, 3 bay range attached behind, adjoining end bay of tower house: 2-storey tourelle to right with 3 slit windows at upper stage and one at lower stage; lancet window in attic to right.

SE (REAR) ELEVATION: 2-storey and attic, 3-bay range adjoining tower house at right and stable court at left; door in right bay at ground floor; single windows in centre and left bay; 3 single windows at 1st floor; 2 attic windows with stone mullions and crowstepped gable dormers in outer bays; stylised floral motif carved in gablehead; gabled left return; machicolations at attic floor; 3 slit windows in gablehead.

18th CENTURY WING NE (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: 2-storey, 4-bay 18th century wing to right; base course; single windows in 3-bays from left at ground; 2 attic windows with stone mullions and crowstepped gable dormers; stepped hoodmoulds with carving beneath; blind slit window in gableheads; tourelles with slit windows; parapet of stair tower seen to left, incorporated into 1879 addition. Single storey and attic, 3-bay 1879 range to right; deep base course; narrow door in right bay; single windows with stone mullions in centre and left bays; crenellated parapet with central dormer attic window with crowstepped gable; 2 lancet windows with stone mullions in gablehead; bartizan at left; gabled left return.

NW ELEVATION (18th Century Wing): 2 single windows at ground; central bipartite window with stone mullions above; string course.

SW (STABLE COURT) ELEVATION: 4 single windows at ground floor of 18th century wing; 2 attic windows with stone mullions and crowstepped gables above; hoodmoulds; blind slit windows in gablehead; tourelles. 1879 range to right; central door with window above; large arch with door and windows to right; 2 windows to left; bipartite to upper stage of stair tower; modern extension to right. Modern glazing. Slate roofs; crowstepped skews to all gables; central stack to wing.

STABLECOURT: William Adam, 1740. L-plan courtyard

SE RANGE: attached to 1879 house; 3 round arched openings with keystones in 3 bays from left; 2 flat arched openings (now glazed) to right; door, pair of windows, window and door, 2 pairs of windows and single window on rear from left.

SW RANGE: single window, arched door, 2 single windows, arched door, window, arched door from left all with timber shutters; bipartite window on right return with raised cill; pairs of windows on rear with raised cills.

NW WALL: later addition; castellated wall with Stuarts of Castlemilk Coat-of-Arms on SE elevation at centre.

Statement of Special Interest A-Group with Calderglen Country Park Ranger's Office, Calderglen Country Park Bridge, Calderglen Country Park Lodge, Sir John Falstaff and Calderglen Country Park Gatepiers. Roger Hamilton built Torrance House in 1605, on the site of Torrance Castle. In 1650, James Hamilton of Shields inherited the estate and sold the house and accompanying lands to James Stuart of Castlemilk. It was during the Stuarts' occupancy that the house metamorphosed from the original L-plan tower house into a sprawling mansion house. Sadly, the west pavilion and link were destroyed by fire in 1966, resulting in the present lop-sided plan of the house. In 1740, William Adam drew up plans for alterations and additions to the mansion house, which are included in VITRUVIUS SCOTICUS, plates 139 and 140. These designs were unexecuted. Alterations were made to the house in the late 18th century and seem to follow Adam's designs. Drawings in the National Library of Scotland closely resemble the alterations that were made at Torrance House during the 18th century and an engraving survives showing the house at the end of the century. In 1879 Colonel Harrington Stuart remodelled the 18th century additions in the Scots Baronial style. Colonel Harrington Stuart also erected an entrance porch and colonnades to the house, as well as building a gate lodge and baronialising the approach Site Gazetteer

road. Between 1948 and 1966 the house became the office of the East Kilbride Development Corporation. The property remained empty during the 1970s and fell into disrepair. In 1979, East Kilbride District Council saved the house, restoring and converting it into two private dwelling houses. The estate remained in the ownership of the council and was opened to the public as a country park. The tower house and 19th additions are in private ownership. The 18th wing and stable court are part of the Calderglen Country Park.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 58 Site Name DOLLAN AQUA CENTRE, BROUSTER HILL, EAST KILBRIDE Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48682 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263189 Northing 654220 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description DOLLAN AQUA CENTRE, BROUSTER HILL, EAST KILBRIDE

Alexander Buchanan Campbell, 1963-5; Faulkner Brown, internal renovation 1995; further refurbishment 2011. Swimming pool and leisure centre. Parabolic arch 342ft long; roof divided into 4 ribs, arched at side; each splays out forming 2 huge diagonal buttresses of reinforced concrete. Variety of glazing and brick to walls.

E (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: double-door, glazed entrance with splayed glass and metal canopy between central buttresses; smaller canopy runs across centre of buttresses; extending beneath buttresses is a conservatory (part of 1990s renovation); arches of the roof canopy are glazed.

S ELEVATION: single span arch elevation; blind central section and ventilator to right; remainder of area glazed with concrete mullions.

W ELEVATION: bricked outbuildings at centre; large chimney in 1st bay from left; remainder of elevation glazed.

N ELEVATION: broad bands of brick and slim bands of glazing up to halfway; panelled strips to upper part with outbuilding; flume attached to right.

INTERIOR: (seen 2002) Light and spacious entrance conservatory. Large swimming area with 3 glazed elevations maximising admittance of light; white and blue tiled pool; floor and spectator box; 55-yard swimming area (can be divided into 2 pools see NOTES); steps into pool built into pool wall; small toddler and flume pool to side. Communal 'changing village' with open access to pool. Other facilities in centre include sauna, dance studios and gym.

Statement of Special Interest The Dollan Aqua centre is an outstanding and rare example of a mid 20th century public amenity building in striking internationally inspired design. It was the first champion-sized swimming pool in Scotland and was inspired by Pier Luigi Nervi's Olympic complex in Rome; it is also very similar to the Olympic complex built for the 1964 Japanese Olympic Games. This synthesis of international themes sets the Dollan Aqua Centre apart from other British swimming pools of the period. The original design had been even more daring, using huge Site Gazetteer

laminated timber beams, but these had to be substituted for cement because of transportation problems. Alexander Buchanan Campbell (1914-2007) was articled to Gillespie Kidd and Coia in 1931, and continued a relationship with them, being nominated to the FRIBA in 1955 by Coia. He had a long career, amassing a large body of work almost exclusively in Glasgow and the surrounding areas. The 1990s renovation of the building did not adversely affect the original exterior and transformed the swimming area into a multi-purpose pool. The original 1960s plan was for a 55-yard pool, a smaller teaching pool and separate changing areas. Faulkner Browns, as a result of the imperial measurements, were able to maximise the potential of the pool area by fitting a hinged plastic boom across it. Thus it can either be used as a training and competition pool or split into two 25m pools: a deeper one for serious swimmers and a shallower leisure pool. Furthermore, a floating floor was fixed so that the depth can be changed to suit varying needs. The old teaching pool was changed into a toddlers' pool and a flume was also added to enhance the appeal of the centre. To save on space the changing facilities became unisex. Another change that was made was the erection of a conservatory under the front buttresses. The immense parabolic arch (98.76m) is both visually striking and structurally audacious. Further major refurbishment was begun in 2008 and completed in 2011 at a cost of £9 million. It was instigated by necessary structural repairs to the poolside but the wider refurbishment also involved structural repairs to the roof to incorporate insulation and a further external roof layer neither of which have affected the character of the original roof structure. The programme of works also included new internal ceiling to the pool area in the original profile, new boilers, ventilation systems, upgrading the pool system and retiling to the pool and changing areas. Swimming clubs and bath houses were established in Scotland from the 1850s following the enactment of the 1846 Act to Encourage the Establishment of Public Baths and Wash-houses, which was established to improve general public health with access for all classes of citizen. With the rapid expansion of urban population, often living and working in unsanitary conditions, bath and wash houses were seen as essential public services. The Act, which affected the entirety of Britain, encouraged local authorities to open up these facilities in areas of dense population. While men and women did not mix at these facilities, women would have had their own separate entrance, however they would have to attend at certain times when the male pools were not in use. It would not be until the 1870s when separate ladies pools were being considered in bath and wash house design. These bath and wash houses soon started to cater for recreational swimming rather than washing and became a hugely popular social past time during the 20th century. With the gradual demise of public washhouses and increasing demand for year round swimming, a higher grade of recreational facility was sought, and so by the 1960s local authorities were providing new swimming pool complexes of which the Dollan Aqua Centre is a very fine example. List description updated as part of the sporting buildings thematic study (2012-13).

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 59 Site Name Hamilton Sheriff Court including boundary walls and railings, Almada Street, Beckford Street, H Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB34470 HER Number Status Designated Easting 271600 Northing 655907 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Site Gazetteer

Description Hamilton Sheriff Court including boundary walls and railings, Almada Street, Beckford Street, Hamilton

1834; remodelled and extended by John Murray in 1886; Alex Cullen, James Lochhead and William Brown extension to Beckford Street in 1900. 2-storey, neoclassical, symmetrical, multiphase court house with central, advanced, pedimented, tetrastyle Ionic porticos to south and west (Almada and Beckford Street) elevations. Polished ashlar. Channelled base course, band course between ground and first floor, plain entablature with moulded cornice and a low parapet. Giant Order Doric pilasters between bays. Predominantly corniced ground floor windows with panelled aprons. Moulded window surrounds at first floor windows. Almada Street elevation is 9 bays comprising advanced 3-bay centre with Ionic portico (1834), advanced single end bays (1886) and 2-bay joining sections (1834). Beckford Street (1886) 9- bay centre flanked by 3 bay wings, linked by recessed sections. Triangular pedimented doorpiece to Beckford Street elevation. Consoled and corniced door piece to north elevation. Predominantly plate glass in timber sash and case windows. Grey slates. Cast iron rainwater goods to east (rear) elevation. The interior, seen in 2014, is arranged around richly decorated entrance halls (1886) with high quality timberwork and plasterwork leading to first floor principal courtrooms (courtroom 1 (1886) and 2 (1834). Beckford Street entrance hall has a tiled floor, lugged and pedimented door architraves, timber panelling to dado to walls and a decorative plaster ceiling. Imperial stone staircase with timber balustrade, square newel posts topped with ball finials and panelled timberwork to underside of stair. Armorial stained glass windows above corner landings of staircase. Coombed ceiling with fine plasterwork over stairwell. Flat arched niched over half landing with plaster segmental arched and pilastered surround flanked by round arched niches set in pedimented surrounds. Doors to courtroom 2 set in round arch niche with decorative plasterwork including fluted pilasters. Courtroom 2 is west facing and has a highly decorative coombed plaster ceiling. Fixtures and fittings predominantly replaced in 1990s refurbishment. Almada Street entrance hall has a tiled floor, lugged and pedimented door architraves, pair of stone stairs with decorative cast iron balusters and barrel-vaulted ceiling with compartmented plasterwork and modillioned cornice. Courtroom 1 has 1886 boarded and panelled timber fixtures and fittings to the well of court, including witness box with curved sounding board. Stairs beneath dock leading to cells. Coombed ceiling with moulded cornice. The public seating has been replaced. Most rooms in the 1834 building have decorative cornices, some fire marble firesurrounds and panelled timber window shutters. Stairwell to 1900 north wing with 6-light stained glass window incorporating crest, stone stair with decorative cast iron handrail, and ceiling with modillioned cornice. Low boundary walls topped with iron railings. Pair of gates to right of Almada Street elevation.

Statement of Special Interest

Hamilton Sheriff Court is a significant example of civic architecture and is of outstanding importance because of its fine neoclassical design and 1886 interior decorative scheme. The three significant phases of the design are all in the neoclassical style, resulting in a coherent and unified building. The imposing scale of the building with its striking Ionic porticos, and its prominent position on one of Hamilton's main streets give it important streetscape presence. Hamilton Sheriff Court was built in three significant stages. The foundation stone for the Town County Buildings was laid on 10 June 1834. This building is shown on the large scale Ordnance Survey Map of 1858 as a symmetrical building with a ground floor square courtroom at the centre, flanked by a suite of offices for court and burgh officials and a sheriff's room to the front opposite a single staircase. The New Statistical Account of 1834-45 describes a county hall at the first floor. To the rear is a prison complex, which included a governor's house. The prison remained in use until 1882, when it was demolished to make way for the new county building of 1886. Designed by J. L. Murray in a neoclassical style to be in keeping with the 1834 court building, the county building addition faces Beckford Street with a linking section to the earlier court house, which was extended at this time by the addition of flanking wings and internally remodelled to increase and improve court accommodation. This work included moving the principal courtroom to the former first floor county hall (which, from map evidence appears to have been extended as part of this work) and the entrance hall was substantially refurbished including the addition of a pair of staircases. In 1900 a wing for Lanarkshire Constabulary was added to the north of the County Hall block by Alex Cullen, James Lochhead and William Brown. This wing completed the symmetry of the Site Gazetteer

Beckford Street elevation. Since 1900 incremental alterations have been made to the building, such as the addition of a 2 storey block (courtroom 4 at first floor) to the rear, which is first evident on the 4th Edition Ordnance Survey Map. From the late 1980s the Scottish Court Service undertook a significant refurbishment programme for all Scottish courts and the interior of Hamilton Sheriff Court was refurbished at this time, with the interior, fixtures and fittings of courtroom 4 dating from this refurbishment. Offices have also been converted to smaller courtrooms with moveable court furniture, and the former police station is now used by the court service. John Lamb Murray (1838-1908) was a self-taught architect, civil and mechanical engineer. The County Buildings at Hamilton is the most significant remaining example of his work. Cullen, Lochhead and Brown was an architectural practice based in Hamilton. Whilst they undertook work all over Scotland they were particularly prolific in the Lanarkshire area. Their work is characterised by Edwardian baroque and classical detailing and they were accomplished in a range of building types, particularly public buildings, including police stations, libraries, hospitals, schools and churches. Their extension to Hamilton Sheriff Court is among their best-known public works. The development of the court house as a building type in Scotland follows the history of the Scottish legal system and wider government reforms. The majority of purpose-built court houses were constructed in the 19th century as by this time there was an increase in the separation of civic, administrative and penal functions into separate civic and institutional buildings, and the resultant surge of public building was promoted by new institutional bodies. The introduction of the Sheriff Court Houses (Scotland) Act of 1860 gave a major impetus to the increase and improvement of court accommodation and the provision of central funding was followed by the most active period of sheriff court house construction in the history of the Scottish legal system, and many new court houses were built or reworked after this date. The design of court houses in the early 19th century tended towards neoclassical or Renaissance styles to convey their status as important public buildings. Statutory address and listed building record revised as part of the Scottish Courts Listing Review 2014-15. Previously listed as 'Sheriff Court Buildings, Almada Street'.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 60 Site Name Churchyard, The Old Parish Church of Hamilton, excluding Scheduled Monument No 1143 'Neth Type of Site Category A Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB34474 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272342 Northing 655555 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description William Adam, 1731. Rectangular-plan churchyard with tall coped sandstone walls and entrance gatepiers to north east.

Description William Adam, 1731. Rectangular-plan churchyard with tall coped sandstone walls and entrance gatepiers to north east.

Statement of Special Interest An important 18th century churchyard surrounding the Old Parish Church of Hamilton (see separate listing) which is the only known church designed by the architect William Adam (1689- 1743). Site Gazetteer

'Netherton Cross, Cross, Hamilton Old Parish Church' is Scheduled Monument No 1143 and is excluded from the listing. Listed building record and statutory address updated in 2015. Previously listed as 'Churchyard, Ann Street'.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 61 Site Name Blackburn Mill Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB1019 HER Number Status Designated Easting 268619 Northing 647148 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Disused water-mill containing all original machinery, including internal overshot wheel, except for hoppers which have been removed. Limewashed stonework, T shape on plan slate ridges, roofless square projection at side. Dated 1832 over door.

Statement of Special Interest At one time called Weir's Mill. Initials J W on mill-house.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 62 Site Name Alma, 181 Maxwellton Avenue, East Kilbride Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB1025 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264354 Northing 654777 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Probably David Rhind, 1839. 5-bay, single storey former school with 4-bay range to N. Piended roof; base course. Squared sandstone; dressed margins.

NW (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: central bay with pediment breaking through eaves; entrance porch with 3-pane fanlight and panelled door; 2 single windows flanking at either side. NE range 3 single windows; gateway to left.

NE ELEVATION: attached range. Site Gazetteer

SE (REAR) ELEVATION: central canted bay; 2 single windows flanking at either side; gateway on left leading to front garden.

SW ELEVATION: attached gateway. 12-pane timber sash and case windows. Slate roof; tall, coped stack at left wallhead; central wallhead chimney to rear.

GATEPIERS: 3 tall stone piers at entrance to house; square shafts on short plinths; shallow pyramidal corniced caps. 2 shorter stone piers at rear entrance; square shafts with stepped pyramidal caps.

BOUNDARY WALL: coped rubble wall.

Statement of Special Interest Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. In 1839, Sir William Alexander Maxwell of Calderwood Castle - his family were the namesake of the village - established a local school that outranked the Parish School of East Kilbride. His endowment provided education for the poor in the area. Subjects taught included English, arithmetic, Latin and dressmaking for girls. A group of 3 small cottages were built to the left of the boundary wall as accommodation for the teachers. The master was paid a salary of ?40, the female teacher and assistant ?12 each. By 1886, 90 students were enrolled at the school. In 1889, the School Board took over the school and by 1908 it was solely used as an infants school. In 1911, the school closed and was bought a year later and transformed into a home. In 1921, Captain Tillet purchased the house and gave it its present name, Alma; he named it after his wife Alice Marie. Formerly Item 59 in East Kilbride Parish and transferred to the Burgh on Resurvey 13 June 2002.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 63 Site Name Blantyre Old Parish Church, Craigmuir Road, Blantyre Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB5156 HER Number Status Designated Easting 267921 Northing 656590 Parish Blantyre Council South Lanarkshire Description 1863. W.C. Rowan, architect. Main gabled front with large Geometric window, tower with corner turrets and spire over entrance to right, flank of gabled chapels to left. Pleasant restored interior with gallery.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 64 Site Name Churchyard, Blantyre Old Parish Church Site Gazetteer

Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB5157 HER Number Status Designated Easting 267950 Northing 656612 Parish Blantyre Council South Lanarkshire Description Original church built in 1793, now demolished.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 65 Site Name Shott House, Hamilton Road, Blantyre, Hamilton Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB5158 HER Number Status Designated Easting 267730 Northing 656613 Parish Blantyre Council South Lanarkshire Description 18th century; crowstep gables.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 66 Site Name Crutherland Lodge Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB7658 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264895 Northing 651484 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description 1 storey, pedimented.

From Historic Environment Scotland Site Gazetteer

Site Number 67 Site Name Manse, Quarter Church, Limekilnburn Road, Quarter Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB12489 HER Number Status Designated Easting 272146 Northing 651140 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Dated 1903 in Arts & Crafts manner. Single storey and attic asymmetrical manse. Snecked rubble with polished dressings. South entrance front: off-centre recessed door with splayed reveals under pointed, moulded arch with hood-mould continued over panel to left. Advanced gabled bay to right with canted, 5-light windows to ground floor and attic, cornice and parapet above; single slit opening in gable head. Stair window to left of door, bipartite with cusped heads. Tripartite in left bay under relieving arch. Wall raised at extreme left, with cornice and parapet over datestone, and continued as 2-storey canted bay with battered plinth on return elevation. All windows 8 or 10-pane sashes. Deeply projecting eaves. Battered stacks and slate roof.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 68 Site Name Crutherland Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB13666 HER Number Status Designated Easting 265301 Northing 651663 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description Early 19th century. Recent part demolition of Kitchen wing and stables

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 69 Site Name Quarter Church, Limekilnburn Road, Quarter Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB13821 HER Number Status Designated Site Gazetteer

Status Designated Easting 272208 Northing 651156 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description John Bennie Wilson, Architect. Dated 1884. Rectangular-plan Gothic church with 5 irregular bays. Snecked rubble with polished ashlar dressings, battered plinth and buttresses. End bays gabled, those at south west and northwest with pairs of lancets; at south east, low, octagonal, 2-stage tower with projecting, gabled porch to east and entrance under pointed, moulded head. East gable with 2 small cusped lights and 2 tall windows above with slender shafts and geometric tracery; 3 narrow slits in gable head and cross finials. Remaining windows lancets. Small gabled bellcote. Lower session-house extension to west. Slate roof with red ridge tiles. Plain interior with gallery at east end. Gableted gate piers and good cast-iron gates and railings.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 70 Site Name General's Bridge, Stoneymeadow Road Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26606 HER Number Status Designated Easting 266597 Northing 656396 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description 1790; bridge; ashlar. Single span bridge; large pointed arch with battlemented parapet.

Statement of Special Interest It is often assumed, incorrectly, that the bridge was named after General Wade. In fact, it is named after General Peters of the nearby Crossbasket Castle. Stoneymeadow Road was part of the 1790 turnpike road from East Kilbride to Hamilton and the bridge over the Rotten Calder was built as part of the scheme. Immediately to the NW of the bridge was the main entrance to the now demolished Calderwood Castle.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 71 Site Name 1A, 1B, 1C MAXWELTON ROAD Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26608 HER Number Status Designated Easting Site Gazetteer

Easting 265313 Northing 655794 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 18th century; later alterations. Staggered row of 3 single storey, 4-bay weavers' cottages. Painted harl. Identical original composition to each cottage.

S (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: pair of windows in left bay; door in 3rd bay; single window in end bay to right; cottages 1b and 1c have modern entrance porches.

W ELEVATION (1a): blind gable.

N (REAR) ELEVATION: modern extensions to 1b and 1c.

E ELEVATION (1c): blind gable Modern glazing. Slate roof; short coped stacks with cans at gableheads.

INTERIORS: not seen 2001.

Statement of Special Interest These cottages were built for weavers, as can be seen from their composition. The pair of windows to the left of each elevation would allow maximum light to penetrate into the room aiding the handloom weavers in their work. Weaving was a large industry in East Kilbride and in the 18th century General Stuart of Torrance built 2 cotton mills, which encouraged economic growth and population migration.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 72 Site Name Montgomerie Arms Hotel, Montgomery Street, East Kilbride Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26610 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263585 Northing 654546 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Circa 1719. 2-storey, 5-bay hotel with ranges forming a courtyard. Squared and snecked rubble; raised and painted margins. Painted base course and eaves course.

NW (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: central door with 2 single windows flanking with flower baskets (re-used horse troughs); 5 windows above at 1st floor. Single storey link with door and window connect main building with W range, extending back.

NE (GLEBE STREET) ELEVATION: single windows in right bay at ground and 1st floor; small window in attic above. 2-storey, 6-bay range extends to rear: blocked door in 1st bay at ground; single window in 2nd bay; blocked archway with single window in 3rd bay; single window in 4th bay; pair of doors in end bays; 6 windows at 1st floor.

SE ELEVATION: adjoining 8 Glebe Street. Site Gazetteer

SW (KIRKYARD) ELEVATION: single storey long range extends to rear, forming boundary to Parish Church Kirkyard, constructed of 3 buildings. 2 single windows, with raised and painted margins, at 1st building; single window at 2nd building; blocked openings at 3rd building; end gable leads into boundary wall.

Statement of Special Interest In 1840, there were 15 inns and public houses in East Kilbride. The Montgomerie Arms is the oldest inn in the town today and ends the vista of the oldest street in East Kilbride. Montgomery Street, originally the High Street, remained the heart of the village until the 1950s New Town development. The high status of the street is evident in the older properties: the Parish Kirk, the old Courthouse and this large coaching house. Its current name commemorates the Montgomerie-Cunninghame family; in the 18th century Sir Alexander Montgomerie Cunningham inhabited the House of Kirktoun Holm. The inn has retained the original spelling of the name.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 73 Site Name Loupin' On Stane, Montgomery Street, East Kilbride Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26611 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263574 Northing 654548 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Early 18th century. Squared and snecked rubble base with 5 ashlar steps.

Statement of Special Interest These steps are mounting steps and are relics of the by-gone coach-age. They are probably contemporary with the Montgomerie Arms Hotel.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 74 Site Name 3-5 (ODD NOS) MONTGOMERY STREET Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26612 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263566 Northing 654545 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Site Gazetteer

Description Early 19th century; probably incorporating earlier fabric. 2-storey and attic, 6-bay row of 2 dwelling houses. Squared and snecked rubble; ashlar margins to windows.

E (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: prominent doorways in 2nd and 5th bays, composed of pilasters, entablature, pediment and double panelled doors - all painted black - with single pane fanlight; doors flanked by single windows; windows above at 1st floor.

S ELEVATION: single window in left bay at 1st floor; bow link attached at left bay at ground.

W ELEVATION: single window in 2nd bay from right at ground; single window in 2nd bay from left at 1st floor.

N ELEVATION: single window in right bay at ground; single window in left bay at 1st floor. 4-pane sash and case windows. Grey slate roof; straight skews; bracketed eaves to gable ends; coped stacks to wallheads.

INTERIOR: converted for public use. Ground floor accommodates toilet facilities and a creche; large hall upstairs.

Statement of Special Interest Originally dwelling houses, these two properties were purchased by the parish church in the 1950s. A sensitive bow link was constructed to connect the houses to the church hall, which is entered via the kirkyard.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 75 Site Name 9 Montgomery Street, East Kilbride Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26613 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263548 Northing 654559 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description 18th century. 2-storey, 2-bay dwelling house. Squared and snecked rubble; raised cills.

E (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: central door with moulded cornice; 2 windows to right; single window to left. 4 windows regularly spaced at 1st floor.

S (KIRK WYND) ELEVATION: small attic window.

W (REAR) ELEVATION: modern single storey L-plan range extension; 2 box-dormer windows in attic.

N ELEVATION: adjoining building. Modern sash and case windows. Slate roof; crowstepped skews; re-built coped stack at left gablehead.

Statement of Special Interest This is one of the oldest buildings on the oldest street in East Kilbride. Montgomery Street remained the heart of the village until the 1950s New Town development. It was originally Site Gazetteer

called the High Street. Its current name commemorates the Montgomerie-Cunninghame family. The status of the street is evident by the older properties: the Parish Kirk, the Courthouse and a large coaching house.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 76 Site Name Courthouse, 12-14 Montgomery Street, East Kilbride Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26614 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263574 Northing 654586 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 18th century. 2-storey, 3-bay former courthouse with ranges and out-buildings at rear. Base course; 1st floor band course; cornice course; quoins at arrises. Painted rubble; painted and raised margins. MAIN BUILDING W (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: central door; large single windows flanking; regular fenestration above at 1st floor.

S ELEVATION: 2 windows in outer bays at ground floor; single window in left bay at 1st floor; outbuilding attached at rear.

E ELEVATION: attached to outbuildings.

N ELEVATION: blocked window in right bay at ground; single window above at 1st floor. Modern glazing. Slate roof; straight skews; coped stacks at gableheads.

L-PLAN RANGE TO EAST: painted rubble; painted margins. T-plan, 2-storey building. W face: door in left bay with flanking window; 2 single windows above. S face: gable-end: window in centre at 1st floor; small window in attic; N range: single window at 1st floor. W face: lean to porch with door; attached buildings at right angles to right side; 2 openings on end elevation.

OUTBUILDINGS: 2-storey M-gabled; painted rubble; corrugated-iron roof. W face: entrance door in right bay at ground; small window in centre; large double door (old coach entrance) to left. Hayloft opening in centre of 1st floor. N face: attached to E range of main block. E face: single storey lean to.

INTERIOR: 14 Montgomery Street is an off-licence. Interior of 12 Montgomery Street not seen 2001.

Statement of Special Interest This property was once the Courthouse. It has since been converted into three different properties. 10 Montgomery Street is Heritage Funeral Services; 12 Montgomery Street is an office and 14 Montgomery Street is an off-licence. Montgomery Street is the oldest street in East Kilbride and remained the heart of the village until the 1950s development of the New Town.

From Historic Environment Scotland Site Gazetteer

Site Number 77 Site Name Old Parish Church, Montgomery Street, East Kilbride Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26615 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263547 Northing 654525 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description James Pollock, 1776; Robert Pollock, 1818, added tower; William Pomphrey, 1862, added porch to S elevation; 1921 Vestry / War Memorial added. Square plan, piend roof church; 4- stage tower with crown spire. Coursed rubble for church and 1st stage of tower; upper 3 stages of tower, ashlar. Band course at each stage of tower. Raised margins; round-arched doors and windows have keystones and blocks at springing point of arch.

E (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: central projecting steeple: round-arched entrance door, with raised margins; timber plaque with date and architect engraved above; oculus above; pointed arched windows at 2nd stage; blind pointed arched windows on returns of 2nd stage; smaller pointed arched windows at 3rd stage; clock on all 4 faces of 4th stage; mock-torelles; half-crenallated cornice; crown spire and weather-vane. Door to left; single window above. Single storey, lean- to war memorial to right: projecting centre with rectangular window with tracery; segmental pediment, with cross at top, above listing names of those lost during WWI; 2 cusped lancets with hoodmoulds on right return; fleur-de-lys and date 1921 between; single window above war memorial.

S ELEVATION: central, single storey, crenallated porch with tripartite window on S face and door on right return; plaque, blind square window and oculus above; large round-arched windows flank at either side; single window in end bays at ground floor; single windows, square in proportion above at 1st floor.

N ELEVATION: round-arched door in centre at ground; blocked openings in outer bays; 3 single windows, square in proportion above.

W ELEVATION: round-arched windows in centre at ground, formerly a door; single windows flanking; 3 single windows, square in proportion above; modern door to left. Astragal glazing to steeple; small-paned windows to church; some stained glass. Slate roof with fleche.

INTERIOR: TOWER: wooden steps lead up to each stage; 19th century clock still working: green cast-iron frame and 'gold' cogs; 1881 bell in spire.

ROOF: large flat floor, roof supported by 4 full and 2 half-timber trusses; roof accessed through small opening in upper gallery.

CHURCH: plain interior with wooden pews; pentagonal gallery supported on slender cast-iron colonettes; simple communion furniture; stained glass windows on S front; modern organ.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with Old Parish Church Kirkyard. The contract for the church was drawn up on April 1774. The contract was to build a replacement church; the site had been used for Christian worship for almost 1000 years. East Kilbride church was confirmed to the Bishops of Glasgow in 1178, by a bull from Pope Alexander III. The new church cost ?570 and was modelled on Site Gazetteer

Shettleston Parish Kirk; at this point the steeple was only to reach the height of the walls. In 1818, the decision was made to add to the steeple and Robert Pollock was paid ?250 for completing the crown spire. This is an unusual and highly distinctive feature for a parish church; the most famed example of this type is St Giles High Kirk in Edinburgh. The church was re-roofed and repaired in 1838. This coincided with the construction of a new manse for the minister on Strathaven Road. The clock dates from 1818, the same year as the spire was completed. Initially, there were only three clock faces, the W face being blank. However, this was changed in 1927 when an extra clock face was installed. The earliest known bell to have rung in East Kilbride was cast in 1590 by Peter Van den Ghein, who was one of the pre-eminent bellfounders of the 16th century. This bell had to be replaced in 1689; its overuse to celebrate the defeat of Claverhouse at Killiecrankie cracked it. A later bell suffered a similar fate. In 1881, a bell cracked whilst announcing the assassination of the Russian Tsar. The current bell is known as the Hunner Bell and was installed in 1881. It was cast by the Glasgow firm, John C Wilson and Co, and is celebrated in a poem by Alexander Watt: 'Noo mornig and e'ening a heart-heezing knell / Comes melodiously grand from the Hunner Pound Bell'.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 78 Site Name STUART STREET, WELLBECK HOUSE, INCLUDING BOUNDARY WALLS AND MEWS COTTAGES NU Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26616 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263724 Northing 654484 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description 1838. 2-storey, 3-bay former manse; single storey bowed wings and rear U-plan court, converted into mews cottages. Squared sandstone. Base course; cornice course; piended roof to main house and wings; gable roof to mews cottages.

SE (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: projecting central bay with shallow triangular pediment. Imposing central door frame composed of pilasters, double-depth entablature, projecting cornice and pediment - all painted white. Single window above at 1st floor; single windows at ground and 1st floor flanking central projection; single windows on flanking wings.

SW ELEVATION: bipartite windows on bow of wing; single storey range extends to rear; door in right bay; window flanking; 2 pairs of single windows, square in proportion, to left.

NW (REAR) ELEVATION: 1 ? storey, single bay extension harled and painted in centre; single window at ground; door and window above on right return; blind left return. Single windows flank extension at ground floor: window to right has blocked upper half; 3 single windows at 1st floor at regular intervals; small windows flank central window to right. Ranges extend at right and left with blind gable ends. Inside return of right range: single windows in left bay; flanking door; 2 pairs of single windows in centre; entrance door at end. Inside return of left range: single window in right return; flanking door; pair of single windows; single window and door; single window at left.

NE ELEVATION: bipartite windows on bow of wing. Range extending to rear: blocked door in left bay; sequence of 6 windows. Sash and case glazing; range of 4-pane, 6-pane, 10-pane and 12-pane. Slate roofs to all buildings; large corniced stacks at wallheads of main house with chamfered corners; straight Site Gazetteer

skews to ranges; no stacks.

BOUNDARY WALL: coped rubble wall with cast-iron gate.

Statement of Special Interest This was built as the manse for the Old Parish Church. It replaced the old manse, Brousterlands (see separate list description), which is now a private dwelling house. Wellbeck House is a very handsome early 19th century villa. It has recently been converted into a residential home for the elderly. The 4 mews cottages and modern flats on the property are also part of the residential complex.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 79 Site Name KITTOCH STREET, WEST KIRK Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26618 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263446 Northing 654657 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description John Cairns, 1791; 19th century additions; 1930 church hall. Original building: 2-storey, 5-bay symmetrical square with piended roof.

SE (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: 1 ? storey round-headed windows in 2nd and 4th bays at ground floor; single windows in 3rd and 5th bays; single storey entrance wing attached at 1st bay; single windows in 1st, 3rd and 5th bays at 1st floor.

ENTRANCE WING: set at oblique angle to main building. Door with bracketed hoodmould and frame to right of S elevation; door in left bay of left return; single windows in central and right bay; blind right return.

SW ELEVATION: door to right of ground floor; large single windows in centre of 1st floor. 1930s church hall attached at rear: irregular fenestration to right; gablehead to left, also with irregular fenestration.

NW ELEVATION: 3 single stained-glass windows at 1st floor; church hall extension: 6 recessed bays all with square single windows, except 1st bay which is blind.

NE ELEVATION: external stair from left of ground floor to centre of 1st floor; single window in right bay at 1st floor. L-plan church hall extension to rear.

INTERIOR: re-orientated seating from SE to NW to NE to SW. U-plan gallery with steel pillars painted blue; timber balcony and seating. Balcony decorated with stencilling in black and gold. Clock in centre of balcony gifted by the Old Parish Church. Ceiling compartmentalised with slender ribs painted blue and gold. Central chandelier new.

Statement of Special Interest This church was formed in opposition to the appointment of Reverend James French as minister of the Parish Church rather than Reverend David Ure, who had served as assistant minister from 1783. The aggrieved congregation called themselves the 'East Kilbride Site Gazetteer

Congregation of Relief'. On 9th May the 'Congregation of Relief' met to organise a new meeting place by public roup. The contract to build the new meeting house was rouped in the yard of Robert Hamilton, smith in Kirkton. John Cairns, mason, presented the lowest order and received the contract. The total cost of the church was ?900 which was met by the congregation. To this day, the West Kirk is one of the few churches of Scotland that belongs to the congregation rather than the presbytery. During March 1860 the ceiling of the church collapsed and 6 years later the decision was taken to gut the church's interior and reseat it at a cost of ?638-3-4. On 12th June 1792, Reverend James Smith was ordained minister of the new church and the following year a manse was built for him. This manse was sold in 1878 to the Caledonian Railway Company for ?550, because the company needed the land for their new rail line. However, it was a very opportune situation for the congregation too because from 1824 there had been proposals to build a new manse, as the existing one was deemed to be too lowly for a minister. In the event, the Caledonian Railway Company were slow in presenting the money and 2 generous members of the congregation lent the money to build a new manse at 1 Barr Terrace (see separate list description). In 1930, a new church hall was added to the rear of the church on the site of the original manse - the railway line had long since been closed.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 80 Site Name MARKETHILL ROAD, LAIGH MARKETHILL COTTAGE Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26620 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263468 Northing 654989 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description 18th century. Single storey, 5-bay building. Squared and snecked rubble; raised margins.

S (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: from right: 3 single windows; door; single window.

N ELEVATION: 4 windows, irregularly spaced, with protective gauze.

E ELEVATION: single window in right bay, with protective mesh. Modern glazing. Grey slate roof; straight skews; distinctive scrolled skewputs (possibly re-used from another location); short coped stacks at wallheads and 1 in centre of roof.

Statement of Special Interest The house has a low lying form and steeply pitched rood, which are indicative of an 18th century date. Statue of Sir Walter Scott sits on green in front (see separate list description).

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 81 Site Name CALDERGLEN COUNTRY PARK, RANGERS OFFICE (FORMERLY TORRANCE HOUSE STABLES) Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number Site Gazetteer

Listing No./NRHE Number LB26624 HER Number Status Designated Easting 265446 Northing 652641 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description William Adam, 1740; 20th century conversion. 2-storey, 5-bay former stable. Rubble with smooth margins.

NE (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: central round arched door with keystone; single windows flanking; 5 single windows, square in proportion, above; attic window to right of roof.

SE ELEVATION: blind.

SW (REAR) ELEVATION: bipartite windows in left bay; single window in 2nd bay from left; door and window in 3rd bay from left; bipartite in right bay. 4 attic windows above: bipartite windows in end bays; single windows in centre bays.

NW ELEVATION: door at ground; single window in left bay at 1st floor. Modern glazing. Piended slate roof; very tall, coped stacks at SE and NW.

Statement of Special Interest A-Group with Torrance House, Strathaven Road Lodge, Calderglen Country Park Bridge, Calderglen Country Park Gatepiers and statue of Sir John Falstaff. Calderglen Country Park was formerly the Torrance Estate that belonged to the Stuart family. From 1948 to 1966, the house became the office of the East Kilbride Development Corporation. The property remained empty during the 1970s and fell into disrepair. In 1979, East Kilbride District Council saved the house, restoring and converting it into two private dwelling houses. The estate remained in the ownership of the council and was opened to the public as a country park. The tower house and gate lodge are in private ownership. Drawings at the National Library of Scotland by William Adam, show the design for the stable block (since converted into the Ranger's Office). Along with the drawing of the stable block are designs for alterations to the tower house and a courtyard; all of which seem to have been executed.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 82 Site Name NEWHOUSEMILL ROAD, NEWHOUSE HOUSE AND OUTBUILDINGS Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26627 HER Number Status Designated Easting 265424 Northing 653526 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description 18th century dwelling house with outbuildings forming U-plan; refurbished 2001. 2-storey, 3- bay; squared and snecked rubble; raised, painted margins to main elevation. Site Gazetteer

S (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: central door; single windows flanking; regular fenestration above at 1st floor. Single storey L-plan range to W: 4 windows on S front; 2 windows to left on W front; blind left return; 2 large openings on N front.

W ELEVATION: W range attached.

N ELEVATION: ground floor not seen 2001; circular window in centre of 1st floor; single windows flanking,

E ELEVATION: not seen 2001. Crowstepped gables; stacks at gableheads; slate roof.

OUTBUILDINGS: L-plan range under re-construction 2001.

Statement of Special Interest The lands of Newhouse were part of the Torrance estate; a memorial 'concerning the Heritable Subjects' belonging to Major General Stuart, dated 1793, included item 5: 'the lands of Newhouse in the parish of Kilbride'. Newhouse appears to have been built as a manse for the Reverend Matthew Connell in the late 1730s / early 1740s. A surviving Deed of Excambion, dated 27th November 1739, between 'Collonell James Stuart of Torrance upon the one part And the Reverend Mr Matthw Connell minister of the Gospel of the Paroch of Kilbryde' agreed that a house should be built at Newhouse, to accommodate the minister. This property was vacated in the 1790s, when Brousterland was rented for the minister. This change of accommodation was probably one of convenience - Newhouse is some distance from the Parish Church - but also of politics. Following the controversy of ecclesiastical patronage in 1793, the church may have felt it wise to minimise relations with the Stuarts of Torrance. In the New Statistical Account of 1845, Reverend Henry Moncreiff recalls that in 1820 the tenant of the house had removed all the soil from the neighbouring old kirkyard (St. Leonard's Kirk - a stone still marks the site) and used this 'human fertiliser' to enrich his own fields.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 83 Site Name 8 Glebe Street, East Kilbride Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26628 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263593 Northing 654527 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Mid 18th century. 2-storey, 3-bay dwelling house. Squared and snecked rubble painted with painted raised margins; pebble dash on NE front. Base course.

SE (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: central doorway with keystone; single windows flanking. Single windows in bays above.

SW ELEVATION: blind.

NE ELEVATION: single window in left bay at ground and 1st floor. Modern glazing. Grey slate roof; straight skews; coped stacks at wallheads. Site Gazetteer

Statement of Special Interest This is one of the few surviving 18th century dwelling houses in East Kilbride. It is attached to the west range of the Montgomerie Arms Hotel and forms a good example of an 18th century courtyard.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 84 Site Name MONTGOMERY STREET, OLD PARISH CHURCH, KIRKYARD, GATEWAY, BOUNDARY WALL, RAILIN Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48672 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263548 Northing 654499 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description KIRKYARD: site dates from 12th century. Wide variety of gravestones; one of earliest dated 1712; one of latest dated 1906, erected in memory of Mary Somerville, 'the last of the weavers'. Other gravestones of note include burial stone of parents of William and John Hunter, the famous surgeons from Long Calderwood; the 1763 monument to Will Dykes who was killed, aged two, when a cart wheel crushed him whilst he was following his father. His gravestone has symbolic carvings characteristic of the period: angel, skull and cross-bones, hourglass and open book. Flat bed tomb of Reverend James French, minister of the Old Parish Church between 1791 and 1835; he was also tutor of young Walter Scott.

KIRKYARD GATE: 20th century; semi-elliptical arched entrance gateway with large circular decorative feature; wrought-iron gates.

BOUNDARY WALLS: 1794; NW wall coped rubble; SW wall, short rubble wall with wrought-iron railings, with spear finials, and wrought-iron gates.

OFFERTORY HOUSE / SESSION HOUSE: 1794; very simple square building, now roofless, built onto SW wall; square and snecked rubble.

STUARTS OF TORRANCE MAUSOLEUM: 18th century; probably refaced 1801; single storey, rectangular plan, classical mausoleum. Rusticated base; upper portion has regular pattern of Doric pilasters; blind panels; a delicate freize; ridged blocking course. Entrance to mausoleum boarded, inscription above door reads: 'The burial place of the Stuarts of Torrance 1733-1801'.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with Old Parish Church. East Kilbride church was confirmed to the Bishops of Glasgow in 1178, by a bull from Pope Alexander III. However, it is believed that the site was used for worship much earlier than that, and not always for Christian ceremonies. The circular shape of the kirkyard indicates that it may once have been a pagan site, which was adopted and adapted by the early Christians. This was quite a common practice and the word 'kirk' derives from the gaelic 'circ', which means circle. Until 1794, the kirkyard was a right of way and was unfenced. A school lay within the grounds so it also functioned as a playground for the children. In 1794, the current walls were built and access provided via a gate in the SW corner. At this corner, an Offertory House was built. The elders would shelter here to collect and count the contributions of the congregation. The building also doubled as a Session House. The choice of this corner as the entrance was probably influenced by the location of the manse at Brousterland, which was just over the road, and most convenient for the minister. The parish Site Gazetteer

kirkyard remained the town's burial ground until the 20th century; a new cemetery was laid out at Bosfield in 1903. Throughout the 19th century the existence of only one burial ground was a source of amusement to the Old Parish Church's congregation. They had the satisfaction of assuring all the splinter groups that 'they would all end up back at the Parish church'.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 85 Site Name Newhouse Bridge, Newhousemill Road, East Kilbride Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48678 HER Number Status Designated Easting 265458 Northing 653387 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 18th century. Single span bridge over Calder Water. Dressed stone; corniced arch.

Statement of Special Interest In 1792, General Torrance moved his cotton mill from Cotton Square to Newhouse to utilise the waterpower of the Calder Water. The lands at Newhouse were part of the Torrance estate and in the 1740s a manse had been erected for the minister of the Parish Church. However, the house was vacated in 1790, a factor which probably further encouraged the General to move his mill to the site. The mill is clearly marked on the 1st edition OS Map, but has since been cleared away for modern housing. However, three workers' cottages that were built in 1792 still remain. It is thought that the current bridge was built to service the mill. From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 86 Site Name PRIESTKNOWE ROUNDABOUT, HUNTER MEMORIAL Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48681 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263742 Northing 654444 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Benno Schotz, 1937. Memorial to brothers Drs. William and John Hunter.

Statement of Special Interest Willam and John Hunter were born at Long Calderwood: William was born in 1718 and John 1728. Both left East Kilbride for London and became respected doctors. William had studied at Edinburgh University before venturing south in 1740 to work in the practice of William Smellie, Site Gazetteer

known as the 'man-midwife'. William Hunter became a famed teacher of anatomy believing that a thorough knowledge of anatomy was essential to the practice of good medicine. He became a very popular teacher, most probably because every student was given the opportunity to dissect a human corpse. William's insistence on the study of anatomy strongly implicates him the activities of the 'resurrectionists' as officially only a handful of corpses were provided every year for surgical study. William's main achievement as a surgeon was his pioneering work in gynaecology; in 1774 he published 'The Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus'. At his death in 1783, he bequeathed his eclectic collections, which included anatomical specimens, 12,000 books, 6,000 manuscripts, coins and art as well as an ethnographic collection, to Glasgow University. These collections are housed in the University's Hunterian Museum, which was built with money that William had left the university. John Hunter preferred the practical side of medicine and was constantly investigating new avenues. He arrived in London in 1748 with no formal education and became his brother's anatomical assistant. His enquiring mind led him into active service as a surgeon during the Seven Year War, and the result of his time in the field was his book, published in 1794, 'A Treatise on the Blood, Inflammation and Gun-Shot Wounds'. John became a pre-eminent surgeon, he was Surgeon Extraordinary to King George III (his elder brother had been Surgeon Extraordinary to Queen Charlotte), but his interests went beyond the human body. In 1771 he published 'A Treatise on the Natural History of Human Teeth' and ten years later was a co-founder of the first Royal Veterinary College. He died ten years after his elder brother and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Like William, John left a vast collection and this was bequeathed to the Royal College of Surgeons in London.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 87 Site Name Earnock Cottage, 58 Woodfoot Road Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB50118 HER Number Status Designated Easting 270329 Northing 654723 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Attributed to William Leiper (see Notes), dated 1892. Single storey and attic, 3-bay, roughly L- plan Baronial style villa with crowstepped gables, canted windows, and balustraded entrance lobby. Squared, stugged sandstone with polished ashlar dressings. Base course; moulded eaves cornice; roll-moulded window and door margins to principal elevations; curved skew putts. Principal elevation to SW; large gabled block orientated SW-NE; 2-bay wing adjoining at right- angles with gable to NW elevation; gabled bay with tall staircase window rising from re-entrant angle to rear; single-storey section with cat-slide roof fills rest of re-entrant angle to rear; walled enclosure (now with roof) extending from rear to form L-plan.

SW (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: slightly advanced gable to right with 3-light canted window at ground and pedimented window above with pilaster finials. Timber-boarded front door to central balustraded lobby in re-entrant angle; later slated canopy over door; pyramidal finials to balustrade. Bipartite window at ground to left; dormer window breaking eaves above with semicircular pediment inscribed with monogram JW and dated 1892.

OTHER ELEVATIONS: 3-light canted window to right of SE elevation; armorial bearing in moulded square panel to left. Shouldered stack slightly projecting from right gable on NW elevation; irregular fenestration to left with ball finials to roof. Fairly irregular fenestration to Site Gazetteer

rear including stained-glass staircase window with border-glazing. Non-traditional uPVC glazing to most windows; some original 4-pane glazing in timber sash and case windows to sides and rear. Corniced, shouldered stacks with octagonal yellow clay cans. Graded grey slate. Cast-iron rainwater goods with decorative brackets to front.

Statement of Special Interest A very well-detailed villa, formerly on the estate of Earnock House and believed to be by the prominent Glaswegian architect, William Leiper who designed a large extension for Earnock House. Earnock Cottage is now surrounded by mid-late 20th century housing, so serves as an important reminder of the history of the area. The original purpose of Earnock Cottage is unknown, but its relatively large size indicates that it may have been built for the estate factor. The Earnock estate was purchased by John Watson, owner of the Earnock Colliery, in about 1871. He made various improvements to the estate, including extending Earnock House and building a number of cottages and farm buildings. The extension to Earnock House was designed by William Leiper in 1876, and the other estate buildings (including this one) are in a very similar style, and almost certainly also by Leiper. The other estate buildings known to be in the same style included the stable block, Torheads Farm, a game-keepers cottage at Neilsland, Derrickbank Cottage (former estate laundry), and Earnock Cottage. It is likely that there were other buildings as well. All these buildings apart from Burnhouse and Earnock cottage have been demolished, which means that Earnock Cottage now has considerable importance as one of only two surviving examples of a fine group of estate buildings almost certainly by Leiper. Old photographs of Earnock House, its stable block, Neilsland Cottage and Burnhouse are to be found in the book by John Watson, which is held at the Royal Commission library (NMRS). John Watson was described in an article in the Glasgow News (and copied in his book) as 'perhaps the most extensive colliery owner and worker in Scotland and Earnock is only one of his collieries' The article also noted that Earnock was considered at the time as a model colliery as the principal seams were lit by electric light and carried telephone communication with the pit-head office.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 88 Site Name Calderstone House Type of Site Category B Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB50796 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264702 Northing 651225 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Morris and Steedman Architects, 1964; small number of later alterations. Single-storey with 2- storey studio section, roughly-octagonal modern-movement house incorporating pottery studio. 2-storey studio wing with steeply sloping monopitch roof rises above rest of house to left of recessed entrance, creating entrance courtyard; 6 other irregular wedge-shaped rooms open off central octagonal hall, united under black pantiled polygonal roof that rises to central point above hall. White-painted cement render over load-bearing brick cavity walls; grey brick base course.

FURTHER DESCRIPTION: plain timber door in recessed wedge-shaped entrance courtyard with tall slit window above. 2-storey studio section rising to left with timber steps leading to 1st floor door of studio on SW elevation; later door opening near gable apex with timber balcony Site Gazetteer

designed by Dr Holden; column of 5 Velux windows to roof. Principal rooms face S and SW with picture windows and glazed patio doors; bedrooms to N and W elevations with narrower windows tucked into deep-eaved re-entrant angles. Cylindrical concrete chimney stack to S slope of roof (over living room).

INTERIOR: central octagonal double-height hall with brick buttresses at angles and timber- boarded ceiling rising to 20ft high apex. All rooms open off hall: bedrooms to right, living rooms straight ahead, bathroom to left. Principal rooms have raked ceilings and walls of painted brickwork. Original fitted cupboards and other furniture in kitchen, living rooms, bedrooms and bathroom. Horizontal brick chimneypiece in living room. Plain timber doors; maple floorboards. Pottery studio situated over garage and store rooms with steeply-raked timber ceiling and double timber mezzanine constructed by owner with timber from demolished Glasgow tenements.

Statement of Special Interest An exceptionally unaltered example of Morris and Steedman's domestic work, constructed on an unusual plan of predominantly 5-sided wedge-shaped rooms around a central hall and incorporating a pottery studio. The practice of Morris and Steedman is recognised as a pioneer of modern architecture in Scotland. James Shepherd Morris (1931-2006) and Robert Russell Steedman (b.1929) both graduated in architecture from Edinburgh School of Art in 1955. They pursued further studies in landscape architecture at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, studying under Philip Johnson. They were much influenced by Johnson and the ideals of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Marcel Breuer and Richard Neutra. They returned to Edinburgh and established their architectural practice in 1957. Although they designed a number of large public and commercial commissions the practice was most recognised for its special contribution to domestic architecture during the 1950s, '60s and '70s. Calderstone House was designed for Dr Holden, a physicist, his wife, who was a potter, and their three daughters. Morris and Steedman were chosen as the architects, because Dr Holden had read an article on their work in the Manchester Guardian. The house, which sits on land previously occupied by farm buildings, follows the pattern of a stepped spiral with roofs of increasing span and ceiling height over the living area. The concept of 5-sided bedrooms with re-entrant angle windows was also used by James Stirling at Andrew Melville Hall in St Andrews, which was designed from 1964 onwards. The plan of Calderstone is intended to invoke the concept of protection, as the site is exposed, and the materials are reminiscent of nearby farmhouses in the area. The 1st floor studio was created for Mrs Holden, and is only accessible from the outside at her request. The mezzanine and upper viewing platform / balcony were designed by Dr Holden and are virtually the only alterations made to the house, which retains all its original fixtures and fittings. The house was constructed by a local builder, Mr Braidwood, was completed in 1964 and cost £9220.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 89 Site Name Flatt Bridge Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB100 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264857 Northing 651533 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Site Gazetteer

Description Early 19th century. Spanning Calder Water. Single arch road bridge with small supporting arches; low parapet. Square and coursed stone with bull-faced voussoirs to arch ring 1 side, rough-faced other side. Impost blocks, straight and curved abutments to banks. Ashlar coping to parapet.

Statement of Special Interest The road crossing the bridge is the A726 between Strathaven and East Kilbride.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 90 Site Name BRAE FARM Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB1281 HER Number Status Designated Easting 268746 Northing 647053 Parish Avondale Council South Lanarkshire Description Mid 19th century. Single storey 3-bay farmhouse. Painted stugged ashlar and architraves. Central recessed door in architrave with cavetto reveals. Sash windows with lying-pane glazing. Eaves course, eaves cornice, end stacks, (modern brick at right) and slate roof. Low 2-bay extension to right has large wall-head stack and single piended dormer. Farm buildings to rear.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 91 Site Name 101 Maxwellton Avenue, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26609 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264489 Northing 654949 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Later 18th century. 4-bay single storey cottage. Squared rubble; raised cills. NW ELEVATION: door in 2nd bay from left; single windows in remaining 3 bays; small outbuilding attached at angle to left gable. Modern astragal glazing; slate roof; straight skews; slender, coped stacks at gableheads and one on roof ridge.

Statement of Special Interest Site Gazetteer

B-Group with 101, 103-105, 115-121, 123-127, 129, 181, 106, 110, 114-118, 136-140, 142, 144, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 92 Site Name 15, 17 Montgomery Street, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26617 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263545 Northing 654578 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Later 18th century. 2-storey and attic, 4-bay property. Harled; painted margins; raised cills at ground and 1st floor; painted base and eaves course. 2 flat roof attic dormers.

NE (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: paired doorways with timber doors in centre; large shop windows flank in outer bays; 3 single windows at 1st floor; dormers in attic.

SE ELEVATION: adjoining property.

NW ELEVATION: adjoining property. 12-pane sash and case window in outer bays of 1st floor; 4-pane sash and case window in centre of 1st floor; modern glazing to ground floor and attic. Straight skews; stack at NW gablehead.

Statement of Special Interest This was probably a townhouse that was later converted to shops at ground floor. Montgomery Street is the oldest street in East Kilbridge and remained the heart of the village until the 1950s New Town development. It was originally called the High Street. Its current name commemorates the Montgomerie-Cunninghame family. The status of the street is evident by the older properties: the Parish Kirk, the Courthouse and a large coaching house.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 93 Site Name Statue Of Sir John Falstaff, Torrance House, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26625 HER Number Status Designated Site Gazetteer

Easting 265350 Northing 652701 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description 1860. Statue of Sir John Falstaff.

Statement of Special Interest A-Group with Torrance House, Calderglen Country Park Bridge, Calderglen Country Park Lodge and Calderglen Country Park Ranger's Office. This statue stands in the centre of the children's zoo. The park once belonged to the Stuart Family. It is now the Calderglen Country Park, but Torrance House and the lodge remain in private ownership. Sir John Falstaff was carved for Captain Stuart of Castlemilk and was moved to Torrance House in 1939. In 1922, Ros Shearer wrote the following description of the statue: 'conventionally dressed in doublet and hose, with leathern girdle encircling his portly corporation, topbooted and armed with shield and rapier, this doughty hero of a 100 imaginary fights, has, for years innumerable, been the cynosure and wonder of all who have passed within the portals of this historic estate'.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 94 Site Name Tollhouse, 12 Graham Avenue, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB26629 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263234 Northing 654807 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Later 18th century with later additions. Single storey, irregular-plan toll house. Squared and snecked rubble with stugged ashlar dressings. Base course to W wing; deep eaves; timber bargeboards.

W (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: canted gable to centre: bipartite window on central face (now blocked); single windows on right and left splays (both blocked). Entrance in left re-entrant angle.

N ELEVATION: gable to left with blocked window; smaller window to right also blocked.

E ELEVATION: projecting gable in centre; blind wall to left; single window to right.

S ELEVATION: gable to right with single window; blind outshot to left. Modern glazing. Grey slate roof; short coped stack to gable head on N elevation; tall coped stack in re-entrant angle on S elevation.

Statement of Special Interest The building has been incorporated into the NW corner of the garden wall of 11 Graham Avenue. During the late 18th century the road infrastructure was still very basic in East Kilbride. The Stuarts of Torrance provided financial aid to assist with the construction of 2 turnpike roads; one ran from Glasgow to London, passing through Muirkirk, Dumfries and Carlisle, and the other ran from Ayrshire to Edinburgh, by Eaglesham, Blantyre and Hamilton. Site Gazetteer

Graham Avenue runs into Old Coach Road, thus it is probable that it is part of the original 18th century turnpike road. It is also likely that 12 Graham Avenue was one of the new tollhouses built as part of the scheme; the other old tollhouse in East Kilbride is at the crossroads of Old Coach Road and Mains Street. The construction of these tollhouses during the late 1780's was a controversial issue, as a tollhouse already existed further down the road. Opposition to the proposal was published in the local press and James Stuart of Castlemilk sent a newspaper clipping down to Alexander Stuart of Torrance, who was living at Lower Grovesnor Street, London. However, the opposition was clearly unsuccessful.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 95 Site Name MILL ROAD, HAMILTON SOUTH CHURCH, INCLUDING BOUNDARY RAILINGS Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB34566 HER Number Status Designated Easting 271671 Northing 653767 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Dated 1903. Rectangular-plan, simple Gothic church. Stugged and snecked rubble, ashlar dressings, slate roof. Base course to front gable, chamfered wallhead course; battered buttresses; lancet windows with chamfered jambs; coped skews; cast-iron rainwater goods with decorative hoppers. FRONT

GABLE: 2-leaf pointed door to centre with stop-chamfered doorcase and hoodmould, flanked by small square-headed windows with segmentally chamfered lintels; stepped 3-light gallery window with hoodmould; shouldered gable with date panel to left, diagonal buttresses, cross- finial.

LEFT RETURN ELEVATION: 6 lancet windows, 5 buttresses. RIGHT RETURN

ELEVATION: paired stair window to left, gabled bellcote rising through wallhead above with pointed bell chamber and bell; 5 windows and buttresses to right.

REAR GABLES: 3-light window, modern church hall advanced at ground floor.

INTERIOR: BOUNDARY RAILINGS: plain wrought-iron boundary railings, decoratvie cast-iron gatepiers and wrought-iron gates to front gable.

Statement of Special Interest An ecclesiastical building in use as such. The church is prominently situated at the junction of Mill Road with Meikle Earnock Road, Strathavon Road and Low Waters Road.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 96 Site Name Burnbank Parish Church And Hall, Udston Road, Hamilton Site Gazetteer

Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB34604 HER Number Status Designated Easting 269990 Northing 656136 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description 1880; main hall 1900; chancel 1902; small hall 1927. Aisleless simple Gothic church, made L- plan by addition of main hall, further attenuated by small hall. Stugged and snecked cream sandstone rubble, ashlar dressings, bull-faced base course, green slate roof, decorative terracotta ridge tiles. Small hall harled with ashlar dressings. Base course, chamfered wallhead course; buttressed nave and chancel; lancet windows, stepped 3-light windows to gables; coped skews with gabletted skewputts; cross-finials to gables, belfry to W gable.

FRONT ELEVATION: 6 bays to left, gabled entrance porch 2nd bay from left; left return gable, stepped 3-light window in pointed recessed ashlar panel with hoodmould, belfry at apex with sculpted angel corbel. Lower chancel recessed to right, 2 bays, stepped 3-light window to right return gable with small boilerhouse addition to right.

REAR ELEVATION: gable of main hall advanced to left, stepped 3-light window, canopied niche to roofspace; small vestry to right re-entrant angle; 4 windows to church recessed at right. Small hall to left of main hall.

INTERIOR: plain pilaster walls, ashlar dressings, dado; collar brace roof, exposed sarking; chancel has painted rubble walls, wainscotting, wagon roof. Stained glass windows in chancel; war memorial window at centre, memorial to the Rev Henry Wotherspoon (founding minister 1880-94) to left, memorial to the Rev A S Dingwall Scott (minister 1894-1920) to right; side windows gifted 1930. Chancel mural dated 1907; murals flanking chancel arch R McLean Thomson, 1967. Organ rebuilt H Hilsdon Ltd., Glasgow, 1922 (no original builder's nameplate).

Statement of Special Interest An ecclesiastical building in use as such, Burnbank Parish Church is an important feature at the junction of Udston Road and High Blantyre Road. The parish was disjoined from Hamilton Parish in 1882.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 97 Site Name 68 Wellhall Road, Cemetery Lodge Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB34609 HER Number Status Designated Easting 270555 Northing 655326 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description J B Brodie, dated 1904. Single storey, cross-plan Baronial cemetery lodge. Stugged grey Site Gazetteer

sandstone coursers, ashlar dressings, artificial slate roof (original slates to tower). Base course, wallhead course; single, tripartite and canted windows with chamfered jambs, out-of- character modern glazing; crowstepped gables. corniced stacks; cast-iron rainwater goods with decorative hoppers.

FRONT ELEVATION: gable advanced to centre, tripartite window with hoodmould and date panel; round entrance tower to right re-entrant angle, segmental-headed moulded doorcase with blank heraldic panel above, sidelights, small blocked window with hoodmould, conical roof, part fishscale slated with weathervane finial, canted window to right return gable; bay recessed to left with single window, left return gable blank. REAR ELEVATION: various windows, gable advanced to centre, modern addition to right re-entrant angle.

INTERIOR: not seen.

GATEPIERS, GATES, AND ADJOINING WALLS: 2 massive channelled ashlar gatepiers with ball- finialled, modillioned and corniced caps; mid 20th century wrougtht-iron gates; segmental- arched roll-moulded footage with original cast-iron gate; saddleback-coped stugged courser quadrants and adjoining walls.

WAITING ROOM: single storey, flat-roofed waiting room, earlier 20th century, adjoining left gatepier and with front wall built up from quadrant. Stugged coursers; parapet; metal windows. 3 horizontal window to front, keystoned and quoined doorcase to rear with horizontal canopy, 3 windows.

Statement of Special Interest Uncatalogued Dean of Guild Plan, Hamilton District Council.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 98 Site Name 1 AND 1A HUNTER STREET AND 2 STUART STREET Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB47265 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263654 Northing 654585 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Earlier 19th century. 2-storey, 3-bay, L-plan traditional corner tenement with curved angle recess and shops at ground floor, 2-storey wing to SW. Tooled coursed sandstone, painted; tooled sandstone rubble wing. Base course; dividing band course; eaves course and cornice; projecting cills.

NE (STUART STREET) ELEVATION: near-symmetrical; corniced and pilastered doorway to centre of ground floor, supported on tapered octagonal brackets; windows flanking to left and right; 2 windows to 1st floor; curved angle to outer right, 2-leaf glazed timber door to ground floor, single architraved window to 1st floor.

NW (HUNTER STREET) ELEVATION: asymmetrical; 3-bay; blind window to centre of ground floor, flanked to right by doorway and window, single window to flanking bay to left; 2 windows to right of 1st floor, flanked to left by blind window. Site Gazetteer

SW ELEVATION: gabled; single storey neighbour abutting at ground floor; flanking bays to right not seen 2001.

SE ELEVATION: 3-bay; harled gabled bay to right, single window off-centre of left of ground and 1st floors, left return blank; recessed bay flanking to left, steps rising from ground floor, curving round to left at 1st floor, 12-pane timber lying-pane window to recessed 1st floor above. Gabled 2-storey wing advanced to bay to left; blank, irregular openings to ground floor of right return, 3 regularly placed windows to 1st floor, doorway to outer right reached by steps (see above). Plate glass timber sash and case windows to ground floor; 2-pane timber sash and case windows to 1st floor; variety of timber sash and case windows to wing. Grey slate roof with lead ridges. Coped stone skews. Corniced wallhead stack and coped gablehead stack with circular cans; stack removed to E gable.

INTERIOR: not seen 2001.

Statement of Special Interest Notable as one of the few surviving buildings form the 1st half of the 19th century in East Kilbride, prominently sited on corner. Features of particular interest include the gatepiers, corniced doorway to Stuart Street, stacks and curved glazing at 1st floor windows on corner of Stuart Street and Hunter Street.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 99 Site Name Torrance House Bridge Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48651 HER Number Status Designated Easting 265048 Northing 652829 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 18th century - early 19th century. Single span bridge over burn; tall, round headed arched; crenallated parapet. Dressed stone; red brick voussours; ashlar crenallations.

Statement of Special Interest A-Group with Torrance House, Calderglen Country Park Lodge, Calderglen Country Park Ranger's Office, Calderglen Country Park Gatepiers and statue of Sir John Falstaff. This bridge provides access to the old Torrance Estate that once belonged to the Stuart Family. The estate is now the Calderglen Country Park, but the house and lodge remain in private ownership. In 1879, Colonel Harrington Stuart remodelled the house in Scots Baronial style. The crenallation of this bridge would suggest that it was remodelled as part of his plans. The date of the bridge is uncertain. The access road appears on the 1st Edition OS Map of 1868, but earlier maps suggest that there had been an earlier entrance approaching from a more northerly direction.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 100 Site Name Site Gazetteer

Site Name CALDERGLEN COUNTRY PARK, (FORMERLY TORRANCE HOUSE ESTATE), GATELODGE, GATEPIER Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48652 HER Number Status Designated Easting 265019 Northing 652868 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 19th century; later alterations. Scots Baronial T-plan, single storey lodge-house with courtyard to rear. Coursed stone. Deep base course; eaves course.

NW (MAIN) ELEVATION: off centre projecting section: tripartite window with stone mullions; hoodmould with geometric bosses; relieving arch above; blind oculus with carved decorated trefoil in gablehead; chimney on left return; single window in right return. Blind bay to left; single window in bay to right. Entrance tower in re-entrant angle: stone step with stone dwarf walls; moulded doorway with stepped hoodmould; 3 blind lancet windows above; mock- machicolation; conical roof with ornamental finial.

SW ELEVATION: tripartite window with stone mullions; hoodmould with geometric bosses; relieving arch above; blind oculus with carved decorated trefoil in gablehead.

SE (REAR) ELEVATION: central projecting converted courtyard: central door; single window to left; single window on left return; blind right return. Single window in left bay of house; brick outbuilding in right bay.

NE ELEVATION: single window at ground; panel in gablehead with ball decoration. Modern glazing. Slate roof; crowstepped skews; shaped skewputts; tall stack at centre.

GATEPIERS AND BOUNDARY WALL: pair of crenallated gatepiers: base; shaft with chamfered upper corners; crenallated parapet; coped shaft in centre of parapet. Small boundary wall; coped stone.

Statement of Special Interest A-Group with Torrance House, Torrance House Lodge, Torrance House Stable, Torrance House Stable Court and statue of Sir John Falstaff. The gatelodge stands at the entrance to the old Torrance Estate that once belonged to the Stuart Family. The estate is now the Calderglen Country Park, but the main house and lodge remain in private ownership. In 1879 Colonel Harrington Stuart remodelled the main house in the Scots Baronial style. The lodge appears to have been built as part of this scheme.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 101 Site Name CALDERGLEN COUNTRY PARK (FORMERLY TORRANCE HOUSE ESTATE), GATEPIERS Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48653 HER Number Status Designated Easting 265396 Northing Site Gazetteer

Northing 652715 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description 18th century. Pair of tall, round, coped shafts with large ball finials. Located NE of Ranger's Office.

Statement of Special Interest A-Group with Torrance House, Calderglen Country Park Bridge, Calderglen Country Park Lodge, Calderglen Country Park Ranger's Office, and statue of Sir John Falstaff. These buildings were all part of the Torrance Estate, which belonged to the Stuart family. However, the estate is now the Calderglen Country Park, although Torrance House and the Lodge House remain in private ownership. Gatepiers possibly relocated.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 102 Site Name 8-12 (EVEN NOS) HUNTER STREET Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48655 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263619 Northing 654587 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Mid 18th century weavers' cottages. Single storey row of 3 properties. Squared and snecked rubble with painted margins and base course.

SE (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: single window with deeply recessed door flanking in right bays; door with 5-pane fanlight and single window to right and 2 windows to left in centre; single window to left; door with bipartite window to right and adjoining window to left in left bays.

SW ELEVATION: blind gable.

NW ELEVATION: modern extensions cover 2 3rds of elevation; single window with grille in right bay.

NE ELEVATION: adjoining building. 12-paned glazing in 1st 4 windows from right; modern windows to left. Slate roof; straight skews; central coped stack; brick stack in rear skew of SW gable.

Statement of Special Interest Although much altered, this row of cottages is the only existing example of weavers' cottages in East Kilbride. Their composition of two windows, door and single window is typical of the design of weavers' cottages; the two windows allowed maximum light to penetrate into the weaving room. Originally these cottages would have been thatched but were gradually slated in the early 20th century. The last thatched house in East Kilbride was in Hunter Street and was finally slated in 1931. Weaving was one of the main industries of the village and an incentive for house building, as during the eighteenth century it was a cottage industry. Due to the prominence of this industry at the end of the 18th century there was a fifth more women in East Kilbride than men. This population pattern gradually changed and this coincided with the industrialisation of the weaving. In 1783 Colonel Torrance erected a cotton mill on Mains Site Gazetteer

Street (now the Torrance Hotel, see separate list description). The last weaver, Mary Somerville, died in 1906.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 103 Site Name Parish Council Chambers, 96-98 Main Street, East Mains Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48656 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263580 Northing 654895 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Dated 1913. 2-storey 3-bay, former parish council chambers. Sandstone; deep ashlar base course to principal elevation, stugged, squared and coursed masonry above with ashlar dressings and stone mullions, lintel band course at ground and eaves band course; squared and snecked rubble to sides and rear.

PRINCIPAL ELEVATION: moulded and corniced door surround to door at centre, with acanthus keystone; 2-leaf doors and plate glass fanlight; inscribed panel above in moulded surround, declaring 'Parish Council Chambers 1913'. Single window at 1st floor above rising from panel with flanking scrolls and breaking eaves in semicircula pediment with carved shield. Tripartite windows flanking at ground and bipartites at 1st floor breaking eaves in piended dormerheads. Blank elevations to sides. Modern extension to rear. Original timber sash and case windows with small-pane upper sashes and plate glass lowers retained at 1st floor; modern equivalents at ground. Grey slate piended roof with lead flashing. Profiled guttering and decorative cast-iron rainwater heads.

GATEPIERS AND WALL: pair of square ashlar gatepiers to pedestrian entrance with carved detail and cushion caps, leading to stone steps and flanked by coursed stone dwarf walls with saddleback coping.

Statement of Special Interest Distinguished from its villa-form by the carved detailing, roofline play and fine gutterheads. Now extended to rear by Faichney Field, occupational centre.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 104 Site Name Statue Of Sir Walter Scott, Markethill Road, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48657 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263474 Northing Site Gazetteer

Northing 654980 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Robertson, 19th century. Statue of Sir Walter Scott, seated with pensive gaze.

Statement of Special Interest This statue was carved by a local mason named Robertson, in honour of the great novelist. Upon the unveiling of the statue nobody could identify the figure and consequently Robertson buried his work in a field. It was later discovered by a farmer, who decided to display the 'stoneman' on Markethill.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 105 Site Name 103-105 (ODD NOS) MAXWELTON AVENUE Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48658 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264477 Northing 654941 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Later 18th century. 3-bay, single storey and attic cottage. Squared rubble; raised cills. NW ELEVATION: recessed central door with 2 steps; flanking windows; box dormers with piended roofs at attic above. Modern 2-pane glazing. Slate roof; straight skews; coped stack at left gablehead.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with 101, 107-111, 115-121, 123-127, 129, 181, 106, 110, 114-118, 136-140, 142, 144, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 106 Site Name 107-111 (0DD NOS) MAXWELTON AVENUE Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48659 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264470 Site Gazetteer

Easting 264470 Northing 654934 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Later 18th century. 2-bay, 1? storey cottage. Squared rubble; raised cills. NW ELEVATION: tall entrance door in left bay; small window, square in proportion above; single window in right bay at ground; single window above at attic. Modern 2-pane glazing. Slate roof; short harled stack at right gablehead.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with 101, 103-105, 115-121, 123-127, 129, 181, 106, 110, 114-118, 136-140, 142, 144, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 107 Site Name 115-121 (ODD NOS) MAXWELTON AVENUE Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48661 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264452 Northing 654923 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 18th century. 5-bay, single storey and attic cottage. Squared and snecked rubble with raised cills.

NW ELEVATION: 5-bay, single storey and attic cottage; entrance door in 2nd bay from right; single windows in outer bays; attic dormer windows in 1st, 3rd and 5th bays from left. Modern astragal glazing. Slate roof; coped stacks at gableheads.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with 101, 103-105, 107-111, 123-127, 129, 181, 106, 110, 114-118, 136-140, 142, 144, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number Site Gazetteer

Site Number 108 Site Name 123-127 (ODD NOS) MAXWELTON AVENUE Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48662 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264444 Northing 654912 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Description Late 18th century. 5-bay, single stoey and attic cottage. Squared and snecked rubble; raised and painted margins; timber eaves decoration to attic dormers. NW ELEVATION: entrance doors in 2nd and 4th bays from left; single windows in other bays; canted attic dormer windows in outer bays; central triangular attic window. Modern 2-pane glazing to windows; modern 8-pane window in 1st bay from right. Slate roof; broad, coped stacks with cans at gableheads.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with 101, 103-105, 107-111, 115-121, 129, 181, 106, 110, 114-118, 136-140, 142, 144, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 109 Site Name 129 Maxwellton Avenue, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48663 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264433 Northing 654902 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 18th century. 5-bay single storey and attic cottage. Squared and snecked rubble with raised cills. NW ELEVATION: entrance door in central bay; varied sized single windows in flanking bays; canted attic dormer windows at 1st and 5th bays; large blind expanse of wall to right. Blind gable-end painted white. Modern astragal glazing to house; modern 2-pane glazing to dormer windows. Slate roof; painted stack on roof ridge.

Statement of Special Interest Site Gazetteer

B-Group with 101, 103-105, 107-111, 115-121, 123-127, 181, 106, 110, 114-118, 136-140, 142, 144, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 110 Site Name 106 Maxwellton Avenue, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48664 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264449 Northing 654946 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 18th century. 3-bay, single storey and attic cottage. Squared and snecked rubble. SW ELEVATION: central door; flanking windows; attic dormer windows in outer bays with bracketed eaves. Modern 3-pane glazing. Slate roof; straight skews; short coped stack with tall pots at left gablehead; blind gable wall.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with 101, 103-105, 107-111, 115-121, 123-127, 129, 181, 110, 114-118, 136-140, 142, 144, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 111 Site Name 110 Maxwellton Avenue, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48665 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264423 Northing 654928 Parish East Kilbride Council Site Gazetteer

Council South Lanarkshire Description Dated 1770. 4-bay, single storey cottage. Harled and painted. Eaves course. SW ELEVATION: entrance door with date stone in 3rd bay from left; small single window in 2nd bay; single windows in outer bays. Modern astragal glazing. Slate roof; coped stacks at gableheads.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with 101, 103-105, 107-111, 115-121, 123-127, 129, 181, 106, 114-118, 136-140, 142, 144, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 112 Site Name 114-118 (EVEN NOS) MAXWELTON AVENUE Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48666 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264417 Northing 654919 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 18th century. 4-bay, single storey and attic pair of dwelling houses. Harled and painted; raised harling to upper half of right house. Eaves cornice. SW ELEVATION: entrance doors in central bays; single windows in outer bays; attic box dormer window to left; gabled attic dormer window to right. Modern glazing. Slate roof; coped stacks at gableheads.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with 101, 103-105, 107-111, 115-121, 123-127, 129, 181, 106, 110, 136-140, 142, 144, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 113 Site Name 136-140 (EVEN NOS) MAXWELTON AVENUE Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48667 HER Number Site Gazetteer

HER Number Status Designated Easting 264395 Northing 654908 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 18th century. 2 3-bay, single storey and attic cottages. Painted rubble. Eaves course. SW ELEVATION: entrance doors in 2nd and 4th bays from left; single windows in other bays; gabled dormer attic windows at 3rd and 5th bays. Modern 2-pane glazing. Slate roof; short coped stacks at right gablehead and along ridge. Statement of Special Interest B-Group with 101, 103-105, 107-111, 115-121, 123-127, 129, 181, 106, 110, 114-118, 142, 144, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 114 Site Name 142 Maxwellton Avenue, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48668 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264392 Northing 654889 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 18th century. 4-bay, single storey and attic cottage. Harled with painted margins. Band course; eaves course. SW ELEVATION: entrance door in 3-rd bay from left; single windows in other bays; canted attic dormer windows in outer bays; central skylight. Modern 2-pane glazing. Slate roof; large rubble coped stacks at gableheads.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with 101, 103-105, 107-111; 115-121, 123-127, 129, 181, 106, 110, 114-118, 136-140, 144, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named. From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number Site Gazetteer

Site Number 115 Site Name 144 Maxwellton Avenue, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48669 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264384 Northing 654881 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Late 18th century. 4-bay, single storey and attic cottage. Painted rubble. Cornices to all openings (one over door missing). SW ELEVATION: entrance door in 2nd bay from left; single windows in other bays; 3 attic dormer windows; small central one with bracketed eaves. 4-pane sash and case windows. Slate roof.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with 101, 103-105, 107-111, 115-121, 123-127, 129, 181, 106, 110, 114-118, 136-140, 142, 146 Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 116 Site Name 146 Maxwellton Avenue, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48670 HER Number Status Designated Easting 264374 Northing 654876 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Early 19th century. 2-bay, 1 ? storey cottage. Painted rubble. SW ELEVATION: entrance door in right bay; large single window in left bay; single window above. Modern 2-pane glazing. Slate roof; straight skews; short, coped stacks, pots to right stack.

Statement of Special Interest B-Group with 101, 103-105, 107-111, 115-121, 123-127, 129, 181, 106, 110, 114-118, 136-140, 142 and 144Maxwelton Avenue. Until 1740, the area of Maxwelton was called Hogsmuir - a reference to the livestock market that was held in the area. Between 1740 and 1750, the first weaver cottages were built in the area and during the eighteenth-century a small village developed, which fiercely guarded its independence from East Kilbride until the mid-twentieth Site Gazetteer

century. The handloom weavers owned their cottages outright but paid a small feu-duty to the Maxwells of Calderwood, after whom the village was named.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 117 Site Name 19 Montgomery Street, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48673 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263543 Northing 654589 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Later 18th century; later alterations to ground floor. 2-storey, 3-bay. Harled; panted margins; raised cills to ground and 1st floor; base course, 1st floor band course and eaves course.

NE (PRNCIPAL) ELEVATION: central doorway composed of pilasters, freize and cornice; single window flanks to right; single window and door, with similar frame, flanks to left. 3 single windows at 1st floor above; the central window is slightly smaller.

SE ELEVATION: adjoining building.

NW ELEVATION: adjoining building.

12-pane sash and case windows in outer bays at 1st floor; 4-pane sash and case window in centre of 1st floor; modern glazing to ground floor. Slate roof; stacks at gableheads.

Statement of Special Interest With its corniced doorpiece, this property was one of the grander buildings on Montgomery Street. At one time, it was the Wheatsheaf Inn. The number of inns in East Kilbride once stood at 15. The Montgomerie Arms is the oldest Inn in East Kilbride, dating from 1719.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 118 Site Name 16 Montgomery Street, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48674 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263563 Northing 654591 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Site Gazetteer

Description Mid 18th century; later single storey addition to front; later extension to rear. 2-storey, 6-bay dwelling house. Squared and snecked rubble.

SW (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: single windows in left bay at ground and 1st floor; timber door in 2nd bay at ground, blind above; single windows in 3rd bay at ground and 1st floor; timber door in 4th bay at ground, blind above; single storey addition (No. 16) with door and 2 windows at 5th and 6th bays; single windows in 5th and 6th bays at 1st floor.

NW ELEVATION: blind.

NE (REAR) ELEVATION: 2 ? storey extension.

SE ELEVATION: adjoining building.

6-pane glazing. Slate roof; straight skews; rebuilt stack with 4 cans at NW gablehead.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 119 Site Name 24 Montgomery Street, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48676 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263558 Northing 654610 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Earlier to mid 19th century. 2-storey 3-bay former house (now offices). Squared and snecked sandstone with ashlar dressings, harled to NW side and rear. SW (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: door to centre at ground with letterbox fanlight, flanked by stone mullioned bipartite windows. Regular fenestration under eaves at 1st floor. Blank gable ends, stone gable to SE, Montgomery Wynd. NE (REAR) ELEVATION: 3-bay with modern lean-to addition projecting from centre and right. Plate glass glazing in timber sash and case windows, irregular to rear. Window grilles at ground. Slate roof. Stacks removed, zinc flue. Corbelled eaves to NW gable.

Statement of Special Interest Listed particularly for its contribution to Montgomery Street and contextual relationship with Montgomery House.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 120 Site Name NEWHOUSEMILL ROAD, NEWHOUSEMILL COTTAGES Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48677 HER Number Status Designated Site Gazetteer

Status Designated Easting 265338 Northing 653473 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Early 19th century; later alterations. Row of 3 single storey cottages. Squared and snecked rubble; quoins and raised margins to end cottage; identical composition to each cottage.

NW (FRONT) ELEVATION: each cottage: central door; 2 small windows flank to right; 2 small windows, distantly spaced, flank to left.

NE ELEVATION: blind; painted square shows location of old outbuilding.

SE (REAR) ELEVATION: door with adjoining window in 1st bay and trio of windows flanking at 1st cottage to left; modern conservatory to central cottage; modern extension to right hand side cottage.

SW ELEVATION: outbuilding attached.

Modern glazing. Slate roof; straight skews; short coped stacks at gableheads and mutual stacks.

Statement of Special Interest General Stuart of Torrance built these cottages to house workers from his cotton mill. In 1792, General Stuart of Torrance moved his cotton mill from Cotton Square to Newhouse to utilise the waterpower of the Calder Water. The lands at Newhouse were part of the Torrance estate and in the 1740s a manse had been erected for the minister of the Parish Church. However, the house was vacated in 1790, a factor which probably further encouraged the General to move his mill to the site. Along with a mill and workers' cottages, General Stuart may also have been responsible for the erection of Newhousemill Bridge. The mill is clearly marked on the 1st edition OS Map, but has since been cleared away for modern housing.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 121 Site Name 4 Newlands Place, East Kilbride Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48679 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263370 Northing 654207 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Around 1935. Single storey and attic, L-plan house with reed-thatch roof. Painted white with timber window surrounds. Later flat-roofed extension at rear. Southeast (entrance) elevation: recessed entrance porch with corner column to right. Seven- pane window in porch recess. Narrow four-pane rectangular window in centre of elevation and 16-pane window to left. Two attic dormers with thatched hoods. Northeast elevation: door and single window to right. Single window in attic with projecting curved architrave. Site Gazetteer

Northwest (rear) elevation: wing extends at right; asymmetrical blind gable. Very steep skew with chimneystack at left and shorter one to right.

Statement of Special Interest This is a very quirky design: the white modernity of the main building contrasts sharply with the vernacular roof. It is among a relatively small number of buildings with a surviving thatched roof found across Scotland. A Survey of Thatched Buildings in Scotland, published in 2016 by the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB), found there were only around 200 buildings with thatched roofs remaining. Listed building record revised in 2019 as part of the Thatched Buildings Listing Review 2017-19.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 122 Site Name OLD COACH ROAD, OLD TOLL HOUSE Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB48680 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263522 Northing 654985 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Later 18th century tollhouse; later alterations. Single storey range with flat-roof wing. Coursed stone; base course; quoins; eaves course; raised margins. SE (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: single bay projection; blocked entrance door (now window) with cornice supported on brackets; corniced gablehead above with clock; single window on left return; entrance door on right return. Single windows in outer bays; single bay wing attached at left. Modern glazing. Slate roof; straight skews and skewputts; very short stack at right gablehead; remnants of stack at left gablehead; slim, coped stack at gablehead of projection.

Statement of Special Interest During the late 18th century the road infrastructure was still very basic in East Kilbride. The Stuarts of Torrance provided financial aid to assist with the construction of 2 turnpike roads; one ran from Glasgow to London, passing through Muirkirk, Dumfries and Carlisle, and the other ran from Ayrshire to Edinburgh, by Eaglesham, Blantyre and Hamilton. A proposal to build a new tollhouse in the 1780s was met with opposition from the town, as there was already one on Coach Road. The opposition was unsuccessful in their attempt to stop the second tollhouse being built; the other tollhouse is at the corner of Graham Avenue (see separate list description).

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 123 Site Name Boundary Wall, Burnhouse, 51 Neilsland Road Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB50117 Site Gazetteer

HER Number Status Designated Easting 270964 Northing 654334 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Attributed to William Leiper (see Notes), circa 1876 with 20th century addition to NE. Single storey, 4-bay, roughly rectangular-plan, estate cottage with finialed crowstepped gables and bipartite windows. Squared, stugged orange sandstone with polished ashlar dressings. Base course to front elevation only; moulded eaves cornice; moulded skew putts. Roll-moulded window and door margins to front; chamfered window margins to rear; relieving arches above front windows. SE (PRINCIPAL) ELEVATION: central timber-panelled front door with stone slab canopy supported on moulded brackets to SE (principal) elevation; 2 tiled steps to door. Bipartite window to left of door; crow-stepped dormer-head with half-moon finial and monogram. Slightly advanced gable to right with paired window; spiky ball-finial to gablehead; monogram JW in square panel above window. Piend-roofed 20th century addition to outer right with bipartite window. OTHER ELEVATIONS: slightly advanced gable with thistle finial and blind slit window to SW (road) elevation; stone bollard in re-entrant angle; truncated stack above. 2 gables flanking central bay to NW (rear) elevation; irregular fenestration with oval window to right gable; 20th century addition to outer left. Plate glass in timber sash and case windows.

Statement of Special Interest A very well-detailed cottage, formerly on the estate of Earnock House, believed to be by the well-known Glaswegian architect, William Leiper who built a large extension to Earnock House. Burnhouse occupies a prominent position on Neilsland Road, and, since it is now surrounded by mid 20th century local authority housing, it serves as an important reminder of the history of the area. The Earnock estate was purchased by John Watson, owner of the Earnock Colliery, in about 1871. He made various improvements to the estate, including extending Earnock House and building a number of cottages and farm buildings. The extension to Earnock House was designed by William Leiper in 1876, and the other estate buildings (including this one) are in a very similar style, and almost certainly also by Leiper. The other estate buildings known to be in the same style included the stable block, Torheads Farm, a game-keepers cottage at Neilsland, Derrickbank Cottage (former estate laundry), and Earnock Cottage. It is likely that there were other buildings as well. All these buildings, apart from Burnhouse and Earnock Cottage, have been demolished, which means that Burnhouse now has considerable importance as one of only two surviving examples of a fine group of estate buildings almost certainly by Leiper. Old photographs of Earnock House, its stable block, and Neilsland Cottage and Burnhouse are to be found in the book by John Watson, which is held at the Royal Commission library (NMRS). John Watson was described in an article in the Glasgow News (and copied in his book) as 'perhaps the most extensive colliery owner and worker in Scotland and Earnock is only one of his collieries' The article also noted that Earnock was considered at the time as a model colliery as the principal seams were lit by electric light and carried telephone communication with the pit-head office.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 124 Site Name Auldhouse Arms, 8-12 (Even Nos) Langland Place Type of Site Category C Listed Building Site Gazetteer

Listing No./NRHE Number LB51123 HER Number Status Designated Easting 262429 Northing 650259 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Circa 1800. Single-story, 6-bay, public house with notable interior scheme (see Notes). Rendered rubble with raised cills and margins abutting eaves. Cast-iron window and door grates; metal signage above door with scrolled cast-iron decoration. Adjoining to left (internally linked to rear - 1990s), 2-storey building; pink, squared and snecked sandstone rubble with chamfered margins; raised cills; pair of pitched-roof, finialled dormers breaking eaves. Grey slate roofs. Ashlar skews, Coped end stacks, clay cans. Cast-iron rain water goods. INTERIOR: vestibule with off-sales hatch and small, self-contained snug through door to right (all 1970s). Entrance to public bar through door to left. Three-quarter-height matchboard panelling with dentilled cornice throughout. Fine 1920s quarter-circle gantry with four upright spirit barrels and curved bar counter with scrolled brackets. Green tiled fireplace in partitioned section to W. Panelled snug to rear W with integrated timber bench seating and further tiled fireplace. Good collection of brewery and whiskey mirrors. Passage to rear leading to refurbished lounge bar, dining room and function room within adjoined 2-storey property to W. Large, timber chimneypiece to main dining room with carved double Corinthian columns to sides.

Statement of Special Interest The single-storey Auldhouse Arms is a good example of a unified 19th century public house interior with fine quality 1920s additions. Of particular note are the quarter-circle gantry and counter bar, panelled snug to rear and tiled fireplaces. Photographic evidence c.1900 shows the original opening to the single-storey bar at the 3rd bay with piended slate-roof porch above. This entrance has since been converted to form a window. The public bar entrance is now at the 5th bay which was formerly a grocers and confectioners occupying the far right of the building. The shop was incorporated into the main body of the pub in the 1970s and converted to provide an additional snug area. Listed as part of the Public Houses Thematic Study 2007-08.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 125 Site Name Universal Connections (The Key Youth Centre), Town Centre Park Type of Site Category C Listed Building Listing No./NRHE Number LB51867 HER Number Status Designated Easting 263198 Northing 654163 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Alexander Buchanan Campbell, 1966-70. Predominantly single storey Modernist youth centre building, with double-height gym hall to centre, plan form composed of intersecting geometric shapes (rectangle, semi-circle and triangle), set within park on site sloping to S. Brown and Site Gazetteer

black brick in stretcher bond, predominantly painted; rough-sawn timber shuttered exposed concrete parapet that drops at window head. Concrete clearstorey, cantilevered and splayed parapet to gym hall. Fenestration comprising rectangular windows and narrow strip glazing set below parapet; chamfered concrete cills; concrete pilasters separating windows. Reccessed clerestorey with glazing to hall. FURTHER DESCRIPTION: entrance to E elevation with circa 1980s glazed doors and cantilevered glazed canopy; advanced roughly triangular-plan block to left of entrance. Deep set entrances to W elevation with stepped and splayed brick rybats. External dog-leg stair to E with semicircular landing and enclosed by brick wall. Variety of glazing patterns, predominantly fixed pane with side-hung casement and occasional top-hung hopper timber windows. Flat bitumuous felt roof with pyramidial skylights. INTERIOR (seen 2011): interior characterised by exposed and painted brick and concrete finishes. Open-plan entrance with café area to right, some early 21st century remodelling to café including removal of low partitions; internal glazed openings with distinctive concrete lintel to E wall of café area to overlook gymhall. Triangular plan courtyard to E surrounded on N and SE edges by enclosed concrete ramp, curved wall to W of courtyard. Offices and group rooms to N of plan; smaller group rooms, workshops, darkroom and store to S of plan. Original internal timber doors with integral window and distinctive projecting timber detail in shape of key motif over window.

Statement of Special Interest Universal Connections, first known as The Key Youth Centre, is an important example of post- war architecture in East Kilbride. The largely-unaltered unusual plan-form is comprised of interlocking geometric shapes: a semi-circular kitchen, a rectangular gym hall and a triangular ramp runway. Distinctive detailing, such as the shuttered concrete window and door lintels, are repeated externally and internally. The building is prominently located in the town centre park, at the brow of a hill overlooking the commercial centre of East Kilbride. Built as a joint experiment between the Scottish Education Department, the Burgh of East Kilbride and the Lanarkshire Education Authorities the building was the first purpose-built youth centre in Scotland. Youth centres prior to this date had been accommodated in existing buildings or in larger community buildings, however purpose built youth centres are still a rare building type. The centre was built for the 'baby boom' generation of youths, aged 15-21, in East Kilbride, Scotland's first New Town. Designated in 1947 the town was planned with neighbourhoods, each with their own amentities, surrounding a town centre with the main shopping centre and public buildings, such as the youth centre. The centre was officially opened 10 October 1970 by Provost William M Niven, Chairman of the Committee of Management, it was described as, 'the most modern and well-equipped centre in Great Britain' (1970). The building was designed to accommodate a diverse range of activities and includes group rooms of various sizes, a gym hall, a dark room for photography, a workshop/art room and a small courtyard for outdoor activites. All these rooms are orientated around a central open-plan café area with windows to overlook some of the other facilities. The centre was formerly known as The Key, a name chosen from a competition and derived from reversing 'Youth of East Kilbride'. The distinctive projecting timber detail over the window on the internal doors could be considered to illustrate an abstract key. Alexander Buchanan Campbell was articled to Gillespie Kidd & Coia in 1931 and returning in summer 1936 following his studies at the Glasgow School of Architecture. In 1940 he took an appointment in the Glasgow Office of Public Works after which he established his own private practice circa 1955. He began designing the youth centre after completing the neighbouring A- listed Dollan Aqua Centre Baths (see separate listing), and detailing such as the textured concrete is utilised in the design of both buildings. The deep section on a sloping site can be traced back to Buchanan Campbell's training with Gillespie, Kidd and Coia, a practice that were influenced by Le Corbusier's later works, such as Maison Jaoul, Paris and Chapelle Notre-Dame- du-Haut, Ronchamp which represent a move towards a brutalist concrete aesthetic and other more expressionist architectural designs. Early designs for the youth centre indicate that the building was originally conceived to have a closer relationship to the baths with its principal entrance to the N elevation, opposite the baths. Early drawings also depict distinctive cylindrical and conical skylights, however the exterior brick finishes, strip windows and exposed concrete parapets are evident. Disabled access is also a key feature of the final design, with a distinctive covered ramp way linking all the levels in the centre. Detail drawings also indicate that the toilets were fitted with appropriate handrails. Site Gazetteer

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 126 Site Name Quarry Farm Type of Site NO CLASS (EVENT) Listing No./NRHE Number NS65SE 25 HER Number 243809 Status Non-Designated Easting 266500 Northing 650900 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description NS 665 509, NS 670 508 A watching brief was conducted in February 2002 during the excavation of the foundations for two electricity wood poles located in areas of potential archaeological significance within Crutherland Moss raised mire (see DES 2000, 86). Nothing of archaeological significance was discovered. Archive deposited in the NMRS.

From Canmore

Site Number 127 Site Name Watching Brief On Excavation Of Hole For Electricity Pole At Crutherland Moss, East Kilbride Type of Site Archaeological Event Record Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 281 Status Non-Designated Easting 266510 Northing 650900 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Site Name: Watching brief on excavation of hole for electricity pole at Crutherland Moss, East Kilbride Organisation: CFA Archaeology Limited Director(s): Cameron, K. Year: 2002

Context: the watching brief took place during excavations for two telegraph poles for a 33KV overhead electricity line within an area of moss. An area c2.5 m x 1m was excavated to a depth of 0.5m. Results: No deposits of archaeological significance were encountered and the base of the peat deposit was not reached

From WOSAS Site Gazetteer

Site Number 128 Site Name Archaeological Walkover Survey Report: Rigg Farm Quarry, Chapelton Type of Site Archaeological Event Record Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 6700 Status Non-Designated Easting 265920 Northing 650555 Parish Chapelton Council South Lanarkshire Description Site Name: Archaeological Walkover Survey Report: Rigg Farm Quarry, Chapelton Organisation: Neo Environmental Director(s): Briggs, M. Year: 2018

Results: No above-ground archaeological remains were identified in relation to the three previously-identified features. However, notable industrial remains were identified to the south of the former Rigg Farm buildings Notes: The two northern fields within the development site are not intended for development or disturbance as part of the proposal. As such, impacts would not occur on any archaeological features present within these fields. The land within the fields was identified as being relatively flat in comparison to the remainder of the development site. Field boundaries were mostly comprised of hedgerows, infrequent trees and post-and-wire fencing. Nothing of archaeological interest was identified within these fields and there was no visible sign of the former internal boundaries depicted on the 1897 OS map.

The original entrance to Rigg Farm runs along the southeastern boundaries of the fields. This entrance is now overgrown but merges with a later access track, also overgrown but the hard surface of which is evident at points along its course.

RIGG FARM The overgrown access track continues southwest to reach the location of the former Rigg Farm (labelled as Rig on historic maps). Its depiction on both the 1864 and 1897 OS maps show that the farm comprised three ranges, with several small enclosures surrounding them, and a horseshoe-shaped belt of woodland enveloping the southwestern half of the buildings. However, no signs of any of these elements were visible during the walkover survey.

The location of the former farmhouse appears very disturbed and is now dominated by the remnants of quarrying activity. The specific location of the buildings does not contain any aboveground remains and several large spoil heaps lie adjacent to this point. Views west from this location show the extent of quarrying activity on the landscape here, which has resulted in dramatic undulations and areas of clearance. The most noticeable instance of this is the body of water present at a previous quarry site. While many spoils heaps and stone blocks lie throughout this area of the development site, no significant archaeological features were encountered.

CRAIGHOUSE The 1864 OS map shows that the former Craighouse building (depicted as a ruin) is located outside the consented site boundary. As such, any remains (including sub-surface) are not anticipated to be impacted as a result of the development. The location of the building was visited during the survey but no above-ground remains were identified, although a considerable amount of debris and overgrown material is present.

To the west of the Craighouse location is a linear-shaped quarry feature which extends well Site Gazetteer

into the development site. This former quarry feature now exists as a small valley with considerable vegetation along its edges. No archaeological features were identified within this feature.

OLD LIMEKILNS AND WINDMILL (PUMPING) The site of the Old Limekilns is depicted c. 200m to the southwest of the Rigg Farm buildings on the 1864 and 1897 OS maps. No above-ground remains of these features were visible although the embankment depicted at this location is still evident. However, industrial remains were evident to the northeast of this location. These remains coincide with the location of a former windmill depicted on the 1897 OS map and comprise various industrial fragments, littered across a small but steep valley, very few of which appear to be in-situ. Some of these elements include:

- Large concrete fragments on the sides of the valley; - Large cylindrical concrete component within base of valley; - Spoil heap, roughly circular and c. 5m diameter; - Fragment of metal pipe extending from spoil heap; and - Various other spoil heaps and undulations throughout the valley between the primary spoil heap and the quarry area to the west.

Due to the location of the windmill to the east of the large western quarrying area, its function was possibly to pump water away from the quarry. Views of the quarry from the primary spoil heap indicate that there is likely a connection between the two features.

From WOSAS

Site Number 129 Site Name Quarry Farm Type of Site Brick And Tile Works Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 17273 Status Non-Designated Easting 266693 Northing 650635 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description The current OS 1:10000 map indicates nothing at this location. However on the 1st ed. this is the location of a Brick and Tile works.

From WOSAS

Site Number 130 Site Name Watching Brief On Excavation Of Hole For Electricity Pole At Crutherland Moss, East Kilbride Type of Site Archaeological Event Record Listing No./NRHE Number Site Gazetteer

HER Number 280 Status Non-Designated Easting 267020 Northing 650850 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Organisation: CFA Archaeology Limited Director(s): Cameron, K. Year: 2002

Context: The watching brief took place during excavations for two telegraph poles for a 33KV overhead electricity line within an area of moss. An area c2.5 m x 1m was excavated to a depth of 0.5m. Results: No deposits of archaeological significance were encountered and the base of the peat deposit was not reached. Notes: NS65SE 25 NS 665 509 and NS 670 508 NS 665 509, NS 670 508 A watching brief was conducted in February 2002 during the excavation of the foundations for two electricity wood poles located in areas of potential archaeological significance within Crutherland Moss raised mire (see DES 2000, 86). Nothing of archaeological significance was discovered. Archive deposited in the NMRS. Sponsor: Scottish Power. K Cameron 2002

From WOSAS

Site Number 131 Site Name Desk-Based Assessment: Replacement Overhead Line (Xv Route) From Balgray Bridge, East Ayrs Type of Site Archaeological Event Record Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 4817 Status Non-Designated Easting 267733 Northing 651531 Parish Council South Lanarkshire Description Organisation: CFA Archaeology Limited Director(s): Tweedie, H. Year: 2012

Context: A desk-based assessment was undertaken to consider potential cultural heritage issues raised by the proposed replacement overhead line (XV Route) from Balgray Bridge, East Ayrshire to Sherriff Faulds, South Lanarkshire Results: Taking into account the construction methodology to be employed, the overhead line replacement project will have no significant effect on the known cultural heritage resource Notes: Twenty-two cultural heritage features have been identified within the study corridor.

Cultural heritage resources within the study area There is one inventory status Garden and Designed Landscape (GDL) within the development corridor. A wider area is defined in the Ayrshire Survey of Gardens and Designed Landscapes. Site Gazetteer

No part of the corridor intersects with a Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Conservation Area or Historic Battlefield.

The NMRS and SMR contain records for eight cultural heritage features within the study area.

The SMR holds records for two archaeological events (WoSAS Event Nos. 127 & 4417) which occurred within the study area. These investigations either had negative results or the recorded features have now been added to the SMR and are therefore marked as individual sites. The archaeological events are not considered further in this report.

Examination of historical maps identified fourteen additional heritage features within the study area that are not recorded elsewhere, and provided further information on the study area itself.

The Scottish Palaeoecological Database (SPAD) provided no information on sites specific to the development area.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT The construction works for the overhead line replacement project will involve the following:

1.The existing towers will be reused. For a limited number of towers consolidation of the tower foundations will be carried out, which will involve limited excavation around the tower base to remove and replace the old concrete foundations. 2.The overhead lines will be replaced between the existing towers, once the necessary foundation consolidation work has been completed. 3.Plant will access the cable route at the designated access points, utilising existing access. It will not be necessary for plant to travel along the route of the overhead line.

Taking into account the construction methodology to be employed, the overhead line replacement project will have no significant effect on the known cultural heritage resource and will have no potential to disturb hitherto undiscovered archaeological deposits. Text from CFA Archaeology Ltd report

From WOSAS

Site Number 132 Site Name Blantyre Muir, Starfish Type of Site DECOY SITE (20TH CENTURY) Listing No./NRHE Number NS65SE 23 HER Number 229133 Status Non-Designated Easting 266900 Northing 652800 Parish Blantyre Council South Lanarkshire Description The remains of a WWII Starfish decoy site (SF 13f) are visible on RAF air photographs (106G/UK 1028: 3155 and 3156) taken on 25 November 1945. The control bunker (NS65SE 23.01) is situated 700m to the NW. Air photographs taken in 1988 show that the decoy site has been destroyed by opencast mining (ASS 51388: 039, 040). Information from RCAHMS (KM) 4 December 2002.

Field Visit (1 January 2010 - 1 September 2010) Cultural Heritage assessment for the proposed Blantyre Muir wind farm extension. The Cultural Site Gazetteer

Heritage assessment identified all historic environment features within the development area (through desk-based assessment and field survey. Information from OASIS ID: cfaarcha1-179400 (Mhairi Hastie) 2010.

Field Visit (25 May 2017) Aerial Defences of the Clyde Nothing now remains of the World War II Civil Starfish Decoy that is visible on RAF air photographs (106G/UK/1028/ 3154-3156) flown on 25 November 1945 and on aerial imagery dating to 1988 (ASS 51388: 039, 040). The site was destroyed by open cast mining soon afterwards. However, the control shelter for the site (NS 6646 5339), which lay 700m to the NW, survived the mining only to be demolished later. The site is one of 16 decoys that were constructed as part of the military infrastructure designed to protect the industries in the centre of Glasgow and along the banks of the River Clyde from aerial attack by the Luftwaffe. Visited by HES, Survey and Recording (ATW, AKK) 25 May 2017.

Desk Based Assessment This chapter considers the likely effects on cultural heritage interests of the construction and operation of the proposed wind farm. The assessment has been undertaken by CFA Archaeology Ltd. Thirty-three sites of cultural heritage interest have been identified by the assessment within the proposed development site, using a range of desk-based sources, consultations and a field study. The identified sites were all considered to be of local or lesser importance and no significant effects are predicted on any of the sites. Twelve sites in the wider landscape are predicted to receive potentially adverse indirect visual effects on their settings from the proposed wind farm. None of these effects are considered to be significant. Sixty-eight other sites in the wider landscape are predicted to receive indirect visual effects on their setings that are considered to be neutral and not significant. Funder: West Coast Energy CFA Archaeology

From Canmore

Site Number 133 Site Name Rigmuir Farm Type of Site Farmstead Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 66900 Status Non-Designated Easting 266850 Northing 652180 Parish Council East Renfrewshire Description Rigmuir farm, comprising a roofed complex of buildings set round a courtyard and two enclosures, is depicted and annotated on the Ordnance Survey 1st Edition map. Rigmuir is also depicted on the Ordnance Survey 2nd Edition map (1898). The farmstead has been destroyed by modern opencast mining. Tweedie, H., 'Replacement Overhead Line (XG/XQ route), Neilston to Busby to Strathaven: Cultural Heritage Assessment', CFA Archaeology Ltd (2013)

From WOSAS Site Gazetteer

Site Number 134 Site Name Cultural Heritage Assessment: Replacement Overhead Line (Xg/Xq Route), Neilston To Busby To Type of Site Archaeological Event Record Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 4966 Status Non-Designated Easting 265352 Northing 652027 Parish Council South Lanarkshire Description Organisation: CFA Archaeology Limited Director(s): Tweedie, H. Year: 2013

Context: A desk-based assessment was undertaken to consider the potential effects on archaeological and cultural heritage material of the replacement of a section of overhead line Results: Project assessed as having minimal impact on heritage material, as unlikely to require any ground disturbance and infrastructure (pylons etc) are already in place

From WOSAS

Site Number 135 Site Name Crutherland Farm Type of Site Coal Pit; Well Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 66899 Status Non-Designated Easting 266280 Northing 652090 Parish Council South Lanarkshire Description A coal pit and associated well are depicted and annotated on the Ordnance Survey 1st Edition map (1864). Tweedie, H., 'Replacement Overhead Line (XG/XQ route), Neilston to Busby to Strathaven: Cultural Heritage Assessment', CFA Archaeology Ltd (2013)

From WOSAS

Site Number 136 Site Name Desk-Based Assessment And Walkover Survey: Blantyre Muir Proposed Wind Farm Extension Type of Site Archaeological Event Record Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 5222 Status Non-Designated Site Gazetteer

Status Non-Designated Easting 267486 Northing 653104 Parish Council South Lanarkshire Description Organisation: CFA Archaeology Limited Director(s): Haistie, M. Year: 2010

Context: A Cultural Heritage assessment was conducted for the proposed Blantyre Muir wind farm extension. All historic environment features within the development area were identified through desk-based assessment and field survey

From WOSAS

Site Number 137 Site Name Lodgehill Type of Site BUNKER (20TH CENTURY) Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 5222 Status Non-Designated Easting 266460 Northing 653390 Parish Council South Lanarkshire Description Organisation: CFA Archaeology Limited Director(s): Haistie, M. Year: 2010

From Canmore

Site Number 138 Site Name Laigh Muirhouses Type of Site NO CLASS (EVENT) Listing No./NRHE Number NS65SE 43 HER Number 348755 Status Non-Designated Easting 267480 Northing 653140 Parish Hamilton Site Gazetteer

Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Watching Brief (14 September 2012 - 31 January 2013) NS 6748 5314 A watching brief was carried out, 14 September 2012 – 31 January 2013, during topsoil removal associated with the construction of a wind farm. The only features recorded were small areas of poorly preserved post-medieval rig and furrow. Archive: RCAHMS (intended) Funder: West Coast Energy Ltd Rob Engl, AOC Archaeology Group, 2013 (Source: DES)

From Canmore

Site Number 139 Site Name Lodgehill Type of Site FARMSTEAD (PERIOD UNASSIGNED) Listing No./NRHE Number NS65SE 42 HER Number 348161 Status Non-Designated Easting 267000 Northing 653184 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description Field Visit (1 January 2010 - 1 September 2010) Cultural Heritage assessment for the proposed Blantyre Muir wind farm extension. The Cultural Heritage assessment identified all historic environment features within the development area (through desk-based assessment and field survey. Information from OASIS ID: cfaarcha1-179400 (Mhairi Hastie) 2010.

Field Visit (1 January 2010 - 1 September 2010) The SMR records that the Ordnance Survey 1st Edition map (1858) depicts a farmstead, annotated as Lochdub’. A settlement annotated as ‘Mofsnuck’, is shown on Roy’s map (1747-55). A settlement at the same location is annotated as ‘Lochdub’ on Forrest’s map (1816) and Thomson’s map (1822). A long roofed rectangular building and an associated enclosure, annotated as ‘Lochdub’ are shown on the Ordnance Survey 1st Edition map (1858) and an area of cultivated land is shown surrounding the building and enclosure. By the time of the Ordnance Survey 2nd Edition map (1898) the farmstead is shown as unroofed AND annotated 'Sheepfold' Site Gazetteer

indicating that it had been abandoned by that date. The farmstead ruins are shown on subsequent Ordnance Survey maps from 1914 to 1982. The current 1:10,000 map (2002) does not show the farmstead. The faint outline of a triangular enclosure and an L-shaped building, immediately southeast of an area of relict rig and furrow cultivation are visible on aerial photographs from 1945-1988 and modern aerial photographic imagery (http://maps.google.co.uk). In addition, the faint outline of a semi-circular cropmark, possibly the remains of a further enclosure, is visible abutting the northeastern end of the triangular farmstead enclosure on modern aerial photographic imagery. No upstanding remains of the farmstead were found during the field survey. A large quantity of spoil from the construction of the new Green Waste Recyclin compound has been spread across the area. Information from OASIS ID: cfaarcha1-179400 (M Hastie) 2010.

From Canmore

Site Number 140 Site Name Lodgehill Type of Site RADAR STATION (SECOND WORLD WAR) (1942)-(1945) Listing No./NRHE Number NS65SE 48 HER Number 365861 Status Non-Designated Easting 266600 Northing 653500 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description (NS 666 535) This was a Ground Control of Interception (Army) station, operating between January 1942 and late 1944/early 1945. It was used to give an accurate picture of aircraft movements in the area to the Area Commander at No 404 Gun Operations Room at Aitkenhead House, King's Park, Glasgow (NS55NE 167). Information from I Brown to HES 27 November 2020

From Canmore

Site Number 141 Site Name Site Gazetteer

Site Name Lochdub Type of Site Building; Enclosure Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 17270 Status Non-Designated Easting 266980 Northing 653180 Parish Blantyre Council South Lanarkshire Description WoSASPIN 17270 The current OS 1:10000 map indicates a roofless building with an associated enclosure at this location. On the 1st ed. this is the location of an occupied farmstead named Lochdub.

From WOSAS

Site Number 142 Site Name Blantyre Muir, Starfish Type of Site DECOY SITE (20TH CENTURY) Listing No./NRHE Number NS65SE 23 HER Number 229133 Status Non-Designated Easting 266900 Northing 652800 Parish Hamilton Council South Lanarkshire Description The remains of a WWII Starfish decoy site (SF 13f) are visible on RAF air photographs (106G/UK 1028: 3155 and 3156) taken on 25 November 1945. The control bunker (NS65SE 23.01) is situated 700m to the NW. Air photographs taken in 1988 show that the decoy site has been destroyed by opencast mining (ASS 51388: 039, 040). Information from RCAHMS (KM) 4 December 2002.

Field Visit (1 January 2010 - 1 September 2010) Cultural Heritage assessment for the proposed Blantyre Muir wind farm extension. The Cultural Heritage assessment identified all historic environment features within the development area (through desk-based assessment and field survey. Information from OASIS ID: cfaarcha1-179400 (Mhairi Hastie) 2010.

From Canmore

Site Number 143 Site Name Blantyre Muir / Clyde Aa Defences; Parknewk; Lodgehill Type of Site Military; Decoy Site Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 50515 Status Non-Designated Easting 266900 Northing 652800 Parish Blantyre Council South Lanarkshire Description WoSASPIN 50515 NS65SE 23.0 669 528

NS65SE 23.00 669 528 The remains of a WWII Starfish decoy site (SF 13f) are visible on RAF air photographs (106G/UK 1028: 3155 and 3156) taken on 25 November 1945. The control bunker (NS65SE 23.01) is situated 700m to the NW. Air photographs taken in 1988 show that the decoy site has been destroyed by opencast mining (ASS 51388: 039, 040). Information from RCAHMS (KM) 4 December 2002.

From WOSAS

Site Number 144 Site Name Desk-Based Assessment And Walkover Survey: Blantyre Muir Proposed Wind Farm Extension Type of Site Archaeological Event Record Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 5222 Status Non-Designated Easting 267486 Northing 653104 Parish Site Gazetteer

Parish Council South Lanarkshire Description Organisation: CFA Archaeology Limited Director(s): Haistie, M. Year: 2010

From WOSAS

Site Number 145 Site Name Crutherland / Croftangreen Type of Site Building; Enclosure Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 17272 Status Non-Designated Easting 266040 Northing 652280 Parish Blantyre Council South Lanarkshire Description The current OS 1:10000 map indicates a roofless building with an associated enclosure at this location. On the 1st edition map this is the location of an occupied farmstead named Croftangreen. Entered WoSAS 30/04/98

From WOSAS

Site Number 146 Site Name Crutherland Farm Type of Site Buildings (possible) Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 40580 Status Non-Designated Easting 266055 Northing 651961 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description Canmore Number: 179846

Two unroofed buildings are depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Lanarkshire 1864, sheet xvii), but they are not shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10000 map (1982). Information from RCAHMS (AKK) 27 September 2000. Site Gazetteer

NMRS Report date for above text 27/09/00

Two ponds are shown at this location on the current Ordnance Survey Landline map of the area, and these features also appeared on earlier OS 1:10,000 maps. The ponds are almost exactly the same size and shape as the features depicted on the 1st Edition map, and are on the same alignment. It appears possible, therefore, that these ponds may be the features shown on the 1st edition, and that they have been misinterpreted as buildings. Entered WoSAS (MO'H), 09/02/05

From WOSAS

Site Number 147 Site Name Crutherland Farm Type of Site BUILDING(S) (PERIOD UNASSIGNED) Listing No./NRHE Number NS65SE 11 HER Number 179846 Status Non-Designated Easting 266030 Northing 651950 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description //canmore.org.uk/site/179846

From Canmore

Site Number 148 Site Name Crutherland Farm Type of Site BUILDING (PERIOD UNASSIGNED) Listing No./NRHE Number NS65SE 12 HER Number 179847 Status Non-Designated Easting 266420 Northing 651930 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description A single unroofed building is depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Lanarkshire 1864, sheet xvii), but it is not shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10000 map (1982). Information from RCAHMS (AKK) 27 September 2000.

From Canmore Site Gazetteer

Site Number 149 Site Name Crutherland Farm Type of Site Building Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 40579 Status Non-Designated Easting 266420 Northing 651930 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description A single unroofed building is depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Lanarkshire 1864, sheet xvii), but it is not shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10000 map (1982). Information from RCAHMS (AKK) 27 September 2000.

NMRS Report date for above text 27/09/00

From WOSAS

Site Number 150 Site Name Flattmoss Type of Site FARMSTEAD Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 40581 Status Non-Designated Easting 265800 Northing 650490 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description Canmore Number: 179845 WoSASPIN 40581 NS65SE 10 6580 5049

A courtyard farmstead, comprising one roofed building with an unroofed outshot annotated 'Ruin', two unroofed structures annotated 'Ruin' and one enclosure is depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Lanarkshire 1864, sheet xvii), but it is not shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10000 map (1982). Information from RCAHMS (AKK) 27 September 2000. NMRS Report date for above text 08/02/01

The overgrown access track continues southwest to reach the location of the former Rigg Farm (labelled as Rig on historic maps). Its depiction on both the 1864 and 1897 OS maps show that the farm comprised three ranges, with several small enclosures surrounding them, and a Site Gazetteer

horseshoe-shaped belt of woodland enveloping the southwestern half of the buildings. However, no signs of any of these elements were visible during the walkover survey.

From WoSAS

Site Number 151 Site Name Parkhead Type of Site Building Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 52426 Status Non-Designated Easting 265215 Northing 652353 Parish Council South Lanarkshire Description Canmore Number: 255447

'A farm house occupied by Robt Baird and the property of Miss Stuart of Torrance.' Name Book 1858.

From WoSAS

Site Number 152 Site Name Flatt Type of Site Textile; Bog Body (Possible) Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 67807 Status Non-Designated Easting 265250 Northing 650750 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description WoSAS Pin 67807 NS 6525 5075 Site Gazetteer

'A piece of cloth dug from under moss ten feet deep, on the lands of Flatt, in the parish of Glassford, Lanarkshire, was found to be fresh, and well preserved. This piece of cloth was brought up from the bottom of the peat forest, on the point of the peat -spade ; but the incurious labourer was neither at the pains to preserve it, nor so much as to examine if any more clothes were deposited in the same place. Probably this might be part of the clothes of a person buried there, at so remote a period, that the moss had risen ten feet over it. Whether a human body had lain there or not, the cloth must have been so deposited ; for the solidity of the moss over and round where it was found, prove that it had not been buried in a pit dug inte the moss'. Aiton, W., 'A Treatise on the Origin, Qualities, and Cultivation of Moss-Earth', pp.70 (1805) Information from Ladds, C., 04/08/16

The find-spot for this cloth cannot be identified in any detail, so the grid reference has been positioned around 500m to the west of a farm named Flattmoss, and around 600m to the south of a farm called East Flatt. The 1st edition also showed the presence of a farm named West Flatt in the area, the site of which is now occupied by Calderstone House. Flatts was depicted on the Roy map, with an area of moss or bog extending to the south-east of this. Entered WoSAS (MO'H) 08/08/2016

From WoSAS

Site Number 153 Site Name Rig Type of Site Lime Kiln Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 68214 Status Non-Designated Easting 265674 Northing 650294 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description WoSAS Pin 68214 NS 6567 5029

Two circular structures, annotated 'Old Limekiln', were depicted on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map in association with an area of quarrying. These structures no longer appear on current OS maps of the area. Entered WoSAS (MO'H) 16/03/2018

The site of the Old Limekiln is depicted c. 200m to the southwest of the Rigg Farm buildings on the 1864 and 1897 OS maps. No above-ground remains of these features were visible although the embankment depicted at this location is still evident. However, industrial remains were evident to the northeast of this location. These remains coincide with the location of a former windmill depicted on the 1897 OS map and comprise various industrial fragments, littered across a small but steep valley, very few of which appear to be in-situ. Some of these elements include:

heap and the quarry area to the west.

Site Number 154 Site Name Craighouse Type of Site FARMSTEAD Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 69444 Status Non-Designated Easting 266313 Northing 650531 Parish Glassford Council South Lanarkshire Description WoSAS Pin 69444 NS 6631 5053

The 1864 OS map shows that the former Craighouse building (depicted as a ruin) is located outside the consented site boundary. As such, any remains (including sub-surface) are not anticipated to be impacted as a result of the development. The location of the building was visited during the survey but no above-ground remains were identified, although a considerable amount of debris and overgrown material is present.

To the west of the Craighouse location is a linear-shaped quarry feature which extends well into the development site. This former quarry feature now exists as a small valley with considerable vegetation along its edges. No archaeological features were identified within this feature.

Fields to the south of Craighouse comprise the main area to be quarried at Rigg Farm. These fields slope down to the south and contain field boundaries similar to the rest of the site. No archaeological features were identified within this area. Briggs, M., Neo Environmental, 'Archaeological Walkover Survey Report: Rigg Farm Quarry, Chapelton', 2018

From WoSAS

Site Number 155 Site Name Flatt Bridge Type of Site Bridge Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 9326 Status Non-Designated Easting Site Gazetteer

Easting 264850 Northing 651520 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Canmore Number: 44974

WoSASPIN 9326 NS 6485 5152. Spanning Calder Water. Single arch with small supporting arches; low parapet and railway. Early 19th century. Derived from HS Listings data. Entered WoSAS (CF) 04/03/99

From WoSAS

Site Number 156 Site Name Knocklegoil Type of Site Cairn Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 9323 Status Non-statutory Register Sites Easting 262805 Northing 654980 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Canmore Number: 44971

WoSASPIN 9323 NS65SW 1 6280 5498.

(NS 6280 5495) Knocklegoil (NAT) Cairn (NR) (site of) OS 1:10,000 map, (1980)

Knocklegoil, one of the largest cairns in East Kilbride parish, composed of some thousand cartloads of stones, was completely removed in the mid-18th century. 'A few urns, nearly half filled with earth and bones' were found, but were destroyed by the workmen. D Ure 1793; Name Book 1857.

A slightly raised circular area at NS 6280 5495 in a small plantation marks the site of this cairn. Visited by OS (J F C) 22 March 1955.

Welsh asserts that this cairn, sometimes cited as 'Knocklegeal', ie. the White Hill, is represented by a limestone mound at NS 627 549. T C Welsh nd.

It measures about 40m across and under 2m high, and on it stand about 15 tall trees. However, the RCAHMS list this as a site, and make no reference to any remains, regarding Welsh's information as erroneous. RCAHMS 1978, visited August 1973.

NS 6280 5498 Site now built over without archaeological investigation (NMRS no NS65SW 1). Site Gazetteer

Site reported in 1970s as still being 'substantial' after having over 1000 cartloads of stone removed from what was largest cairn in district. Modern observation that monument was on floor of natural amphitheatre. C A Millar 1995.

From WoSAS

Site Number 157 Site Name The Tor, Torrance Type of Site Motte Listing No./NRHE Number HER Number 9332 Status Non-statutory Register Sites Easting 264950 Northing 652630 Parish East Kilbride Council South Lanarkshire Description Canmore Number: 44980

WoSASPIN 9332 NS65SW 5 6495 5263.

(NS 6495 5263) The Tor (NAT) Motte (NR) OS 1:1250 map, (1973)

The Tor is an artificial mound of earth. NSA 1845.

The Tor: An oval mound situated on a ridge cut by a stream and a moat. Its summit measures 9.0m E-W by 7.0m, and is 2.0m higher than the ridge on its E side, the W side dropping 10.5m to the stream. Turf has been recently removed from the flat top, but no trace of masonry is apparent. The regularly sloped sides of this mound give it the appearance of a motte. Visited by OS (J F C) 25 February 1954.

Motte, The Tor: This motte has been formed by scarping the flanks of a natural mound. Its summit, which has been planted with trees, measures 25' x 20'. On the N, W, and E the flanks of the mound fall steeply for about 50' to the stream, but on the S the motte is cut off from the neighbouring ground by a broad ditch which, on the date of visit, has been almost entirely filled by the overflow from a rubbish dump. Information from RCAHMS MS, 1959 (see archive)

Motte, The Torran: Formerly a free-standing mound in a small valley, it is now almost entirely buried and covered by a plantation. Stone and other building waste has been tipped on the S and E of the mound, infilling the valley on this side, and overreaching the height of the mound. Parallel drains have been dug into the top of the mound, and trees planted. Nine of the original trees on the mound survive, but the roots of the remainder have helped to stabilise the surviving profile on the W. The top has previously been disturbed by digging. T C Welsh nd.

From WoSAS

Site Number Site Gazetteer

Site Number 158 Site Name Battle of Bothwell Bridge Type of Site Inventory Battlefield Listing No./NRHE Number BTL5 HER Number Status Designated Easting 271003 Northing 657509 Parish Council South Lanarkshire Description Date of Battle: 22 June 1679 The Battle of Bothwell Bridge is significant as it brings to an end the 1679 Covenanter rebellion. This was the largest of the Covenanter uprisings of the 17th century and features many figures who were prominent in Scottish political and military history in the latter part of the century. It is also final major battle between the Covenanters and their Government opponents. The Battle of Bothwell Bridge was a major defeat for the Covenanter army against the Government troops lead by the Duke of Monmouth. The catalyst for the Covenanter uprising was the hard-line repression of their conventicles by Government forces. An attempt by Government dragoons to break up a conventicle at Drumclog in Lanarkshire on 1 June 1679 had resulted in a battle victory for the Covenanters. Following this triumph a confident Covenanter army marched on Glasgow but failed to take the city. A Government army under the Duke of Monmouth hurried north to meet the Covenanters positioned to the south of Hamilton. The overwhelming Government victory at Bothwell Bridge effectively signalled the end of the Covenanters' military activities. Inventory Boundary The Inventory boundary defines the area in which the main events of the battle are considered to have taken place (landscape context) and where associated physical remains and archaeological evidence occur or may be expected (specific qualities). The landscape context is described under battlefield landscape: it encompasses areas of fighting, key movements of troops across the landscape and other important locations, such as the positions of camps or vantage points. Although the landscape has changed since the time of the battle, key characteristics of the terrain at the time of the battle can normally still be identified, enabling events to be more fully understood and interpreted in their landscape context. Specific qualities are described under physical remains and potential: these include landscape features that played a significant role in the battle, other physical remains, such as enclosures or built structures, and areas of known or potential archaeological evidence. The Inventory boundary for the Battle of Bothwell Bridge is defined on the accompanying map and includes the following areas: Land to the north of Bothwell Bridge. The direction of the advance of the Government troops and their initial deployment to assault and cross the bridge. The south bank of the river at the bridge. The position of the Covenanter troops defending the bridge and the advancing Government army. The high ground on the south and south-east of the bridge. The position of the remaining Covenanter army and the probable route of the Covenanter's rout. The terrain of the river crossing and the views out from the higher ground on the north and south of the river. The views out to the river from both the initial Government position and from the Covenanters stronghold are key to understanding the manoeuvres of both armies and the outcome of the battle. Historical Background On the morning of the battle, a Covenanter army of about 4,000, led by Sir Robert Hamilton, gathered on the south bank of the River Clyde. The Duke of Monmouth had left Edinburgh four days before at the head of 5,000 Government troops. As they reached the river, they realised that the bridge at Bothwell was held against them by the Covenanters, who were drawn up on the higher ground to the south of the river. Monmouth seems not to have wanted a bloodbath and initially tried to negotiate the surrender of the Covenanter army, but they refused the terms offered. With a fight now inevitable, the Government troops had the prospect of having Site Gazetteer

to take the bridge and establish a bridgehead on the other bank. A small detachment of 300 Covenanters with a single cannon held the bridge against them. The main bulk of the Covenanter army was deployed on the slopes above the bridge to the south, posing a major threat to any crossing. The Covenanter defenders put up a tremendous fight. Their musketry kept the Government dragoons from taking the bridge, while their single cannon was so effective that it caused the Government gunners to abandon their guns temporarily. However, the defenders received no assistance from the main army: as they began to run low on ball and powder, they asked for supplies but were refused as none could be spared. After holding the bridge for a period of between one and three hours, the remaining defenders retreated in the face of a dragoon charge, and the bridge was taken by the Government. Having forced the bridge, the Government army crossed the river unmolested and were able to form up without an attempted counter-attack by the Covenanters. In failing to commit his main force at this juncture, Hamilton allowed the enemy to redeploy on the south bank of the river. Hamilton's reasons for inaction have never been clear; it may have been incompetence, or it may have been because the Covenanter army was riven with factionalism and virtually impossible to control. The effect of this inaction negated all of the tactical advantages that the Covenanters had, letting the Government army get into a position where the outcome was inevitable. The Covenanter cavalry tried to break the Government line, but were forced back repeatedly until they ran into their own infantry, causing them to break and run. As the lines broke up, a rout began; the Covenanter sources suggest that the officers were the first to abandon the field, leaving their men to their fate. Monmouth gave orders for quarter for the Covenanters, but Claverhouse seems to have taken revenge for his defeat at Drumclog and 400 men were killed in the rout. Roughly 1,200 were taken prisoner and marched to Edinburgh, where they were held prisoner at Greyfriars Kirk. The Armies Covenanter: The Covenanter army was c.6,000 (4,000 foot and 2,000 horse). However, while they may have had superior numbers, the Covenanter force was not a cohesive unit. In part, this was because of a lack of military training and experience, but it was also because of a failure among the high command to agree on a common manifesto. Faction disagreements were a continuing problem, largely between John Webb's moderates, who were willing to make an accommodation with the king, and Hamilton's extremists, who saw open rebellion and deposition of the king as the only answer to an ungodly monarchy. This division was to deny the Covenanters any chance of success at Bothwell Bridge. Despite a surge of recruits in the immediate aftermath of Drumclog, large numbers soon began to melt away as discontent set in and the likelihood of an all-out encounter with a large Government force seemed likely. Government: The Government army numbered around 5,000 men. It is easy to overestimate the potency of the Government army, in comparison to what was effectively an entirely untrained force of armed civilians. However, the majority of the Government force at the battle was made up from militias raised in Fife and Lothian. Although Monmouth was commissioned by the king to raise two new regiments of foot, 800 dragoons and three troops of grenadiers, this was easier said than done. Although these quotas were not reached, the Government army did benefit from a cadre of well-experienced officers, particularly among the horse, with the likes of Major Theophilus Ogelthorpe, Major Edmund Maine and Captain Henry Cornewell, adding to those already in the field under Dundee, Home and Airlie. No more than four cannon could be found, and these were manned by skeleton crews with little experience. The use of Highland troops in the form of the Atholl Highlanders was to presage the involvement of clans in the later Jacobite rising (1689), which once again saw Catholics and Episcopalians (Jacobites) pitted against Presbyterians. Numbers No further information. Losses The vast majority of casualties were incurred on the Covenanter side, though claims that as few as half a dozen Government troops were killed seem a little unlikely. One of the eyewitness accounts claims that no more than ten Covenanters were killed on the field (Ure 1923), the remainder of the usually quoted 400 fatalities being incurred in the bloody rout. Around 1,200 Covenanter's were taken prisoner, and many of them were initially held in Greyfriar's churchyard in Edinburgh. Action On 22 June Monmouth made one last attempt to disperse the Covenanter army without Site Gazetteer

bloodshed by calling a parley. However his terms of unconditional surrender were unacceptable to the Covenanter command and battle declared. When the fight for the possession of the bridge began, it was between the entire Government army and a very small body of the Covenanter rebels who did what they could. According to some accounts the rest of the Covenanter army continued their factional squabbles ' though one account notes that they were disposed in 11 units. The tenacity of the Covenanters on the bridge and along the river bank was to make the Government advance extremely difficult, and for between one and three hours, (depending on the account) they fought off assaults by infantry and dragoons and at one point even used their musket and cannon fire to push the Government gunners away from their artillery pieces. Despite these set-backs for the Government force, the Covenanters failed to capitalise on their position; this was partially because of the difficulties inherent in having taken up a defensive position behind barricades. The Covenanter force on the bridge and along the river bank beside it (which was effectively a forlorn hope left to conquer or die) eventually began to run out of ammunition. Despite their pleas, they remained unprovisioned. According to one account, a barrel of raisins was delivered; this may have been a mistake, but some thought it treachery inspired by the factional divisions. With the barricades broken down, and with the dragoons, several hundred foot and the artillery providing cover in the vanguard, the entire body of the Government army made the crossing quite unopposed ' and any chance of Hamilton emulating William Wallace's success in 1297 at the battle of Stirling Bridge was lost. Despite desperate attempts by Hamilton and certain of his officers to deploy their forces, who were loitering on the high ground overlooking the river, Monmouth was given plenty of time to deploy his army in line on the south bank of the river. Although he appears to have had superiority in numbers, Monmouth's right was vulnerable, and so he placed the Atholl Highlanders and five troops of English dragoons in a hollow. This may have been the small valley through which the Park burn still flows into the river, although today the final stretch of its journey is made through a culvert underneath the A725. There is a vivid account by Thomas Brownlee, Laird of Torfoot of the last attempt to defend the bridge. He was a Covenanter dragoon commander, and took part in the desperate attempt by those who had originally defended the bridge to break the Government line as it made the crossing 'Torfoot,' cried Nesbit, 'I dare you to the forefront of the battle.' We rushed at full gallop. Our men seeing this, followed also at full speed. ' We broke the enemy's line, bearing down those files we encountered. We cut our way through their ranks. But they had now lengthened their front. Superior numbers drove us in. They had gained entire possession of the bridge. Livingston and Dalzell (infantry) were actually taking us in the flank ' A band had got between us and Burley's infantry. My friends,' said Hackston to his officers, 'we are the last to leave the field. We can do no more. ' We must retreat.' Despite fierce attempts by the likes of Ure, Hackston and the rebel cavalry to turn back the Government line as it shook itself out after crossing the bridge, the tide began to turn overwhelmingly in favour of the Government. The cannon were placed in the centre of the line and opened fire with devastating effect. The rebel horse broke and fell back on the infantry, as Ure notes, trying to get away through a gap between the units. The whole army then turned to rout and Brownlee states that it was 'no longer a battle, but a massacre.' Some accounts state that Hamilton, the rebel commander, took no part in the fight, whereas Brownlee has him fighting desperately on foot, and at one point broke away from the melee covered in blood to instruct Brownlee to save the colours, which he did by wrapping them round his body. It is difficult to know how much of this is exaggeration, containing as it does every cliché of the heroic last stand, but given that this appears to be the only relatively detailed account it cannot be disregarded out of hand. Although commentators are in agreement that Claverhouse seems to have gone on a killing spree in revenge for his defeat at Drumclog, Monmouth appears to have called for quarter. This was not heeded and in the ensuing flight, some 400 Covenanters are reported to have been killed, with around 1,200 captured. Aftermath & Consequences The defeat of the rebel force was to bring the last and most serious Covenanter rebellion to an end. The Killing Times were, however, to leave a legacy which would impact widely across the British Isles. Indeed, this battle was an introduction to many of the figures who were to have major roles in subsequent conflicts. Monmouth's presence in Scotland brought him into contact with a group of staunch Protestant supporters who would support him in the Site Gazetteer

Monmouth rebellion of 1685 in his vain attempt to overthrow his uncle, James VII & II, who they feared would re-introduce Catholicism. The Scottish part of the rebellion was to be led by Argyll but was to stall almost immediately, while Monmouth suffered a resounding defeat at the battle of Sedgemoor, where his rebel army was ironically to face, among others, Oglethorpe's dragoons. Both Monmouth and Argyll were subsequently executed. The Covenanter insurgency was also to set in stone a series of allegiances and grievances which would play themselves out in the Jacobite risings that from 1689 would plague Scotland for over half a century. Many of those loyal to the crown and Government of the time would join the Jacobites, and indeed John Graham of Claverhouse, 'Bonnie Dundee' to his friends but 'Bloody Clavers' to his enemies for his actions against the Covenanters, would lead the first Jacobite rising (he was killed at the battle of Killiecrankie in 1689). Former Covenanters, however, were generally supporters of the Crown, which in 1714 passed to the Hanoverian dynasty, and seek revenge for their treatment during the 'Killing Times'. Notable here was the group of Covenanters named for their martyred leader Richard Cameron, the Cameronians. In the Battle of Dunkeld that followed Killiecrankie, the stubborn defence of the Cameronians kept the Jacobites at bay and forced them to retreat. Events & Participants The battle was the culmination of a prolonged period of Covenanter conflict in Scotland, brought about when the restored monarchy of Charles II attempted to roll back the control of Scotland by Presbyterianism, which included attempts to impose episcopacy (the governing of the Church by a hierarchy of bishops) on the nation. The origins of this conflict went back to the signing of the National Covenant in 1638 in response to attempts by Charles I to impose his will on the Scottish church through, among other things, episcopacy and the enforced introduction of the Book of Common Prayer. Charles II's attempts to impose an episcopal structure on the church caused many Presbyterians to return to opposing royal government, with both moderates and radicals united in opposition. One manifestation of this was the holding of conventicles (a mixture of a religious meeting and a political rally, held in the open air) that appeared to be revolutionary in character. Despite an initial low level response to these by the Crown, in the 1670s there was a campaign to end conventicles and force Presbyterians to attend Episcopal services. This policy was implemented by military commanders such as John Graham of Claverhouse, who earned the epithet of Bloody Clavers. The suppression of the conventicles increased the tensions in Lowland Scotland, with matters coming to crisis point in 1679. On 1 June 1679, an attempt by Claverhouse to suppress a conventicle resulted in the Battle of Drumclog, where the Government dragoons were routed by a large body of Covenanters. This success was taken as a sign of divine favour and within days, the Covenanters had an army of 7,000 near Hamilton having already conducted an assault on Glasgow. In response, the Duke of Monmouth marched from Edinburgh on 18 June with 5,000 men to confront them. The most famous participants were on the Government side. The commander of the Government army was the Duke of Monmouth, the eldest of Charles II's illegitimate sons. He had become the senior officer in the British army on the death of George Monck in 1670, and had commanded troops in the Third Anglo-Dutch war against the Dutch, and in the Franco- Dutch War against the French on the side of the Dutch. He was given the task of putting down the Covenanter rising on his return to Britain, and with his success he far outshone his uncle James, who was to become James VII & II. This was particularly because he was Protestant, unlike his uncle, and this same factor may explain his apparent lenient attitude towards the Covenanters that led him to attempt to negotiate their surrender and issue orders to give them quarter. He went on to oppose his uncle in 1685, when he raised an army in rebellion on his own account. However, he was no more successful than the Covenanters and, after his defeat at Sedgemoor in Somerset and subsequent capture, he was beheaded on 15 July 1685. John Graham, Earl of Claverhouse and Viscount Dundee, commonly known now as Bonnie Dundee, was an experienced soldier with a history of fighting for the Crown. He had led the suppression of the conventicles in south-west Scotland for Charles II with particular zeal. He had been defeated by a Covenanter force at Drumclog, nearly being killed during the engagement, before being involved in the subsequent Government victory at Bothwell Bridge on 22 June 1679. His actions against them earned him the lasting hatred of the Covenanters, who nicknamed him as 'Bluidy Clavers', while his Highland allies knew him as 'Black John of the Battles'. He was one of the first of the Scottish nobility to reject the ascendancy of William and Mary, and had been declared a traitor even before William and Mary accepted the throne of Scotland on 11 April 1689. Graham raised the standard for James at Dundee Law in early 1689, before embarking into the Highlands to build support for the cause, all the while evading Site Gazetteer

General Mackay's pursuing army. Killiecrankie was Graham's first and last battle for the Jacobite cause, as he was fatally wounded by gunfire during the charge. Sources differ on whether he died on the field or of his wounds a short while later, but without his leadership the Jacobite cause in Scotland was irrevocably weakened. Context Scotland's history in the 17th century was very different from that of England. The struggle over religion, which was a struggle for political control, began earlier in Scotland with the Bishops' Wars in 1638 and 1640, and continued through the upheavals of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1641-53), to the Jacobite risings that ran from 1689 into the middle of the 18th century. The Covenanter movement was one part of this long civil war, beginning in the period of the Bishops' Wars and ending in the reign of James II at the battle of Bothwell Bridge. The Covenanters were those who supported the position that any changes in the Government of church or state could only take place after the approval of free Parliaments and General Assemblies of the church. In 1638, this was a compromise position that united moderates and radicals against the intransigence of Charles I in his attempts to impose the Book of Common Prayer on the Scottish Church. The subtext to the whole situation was that Charles and the Royalist cause stood for royalist absolutism and the Divine Right of Kings to rule; the Covenant stood for limitations through elected bodies on the power of the crown. These positions were irreconcilable and led to war, which continued after the execution of Charles and the coronation of his son, Charles II, who unsuccessfully tried to claim the throne in 1650 from Scotland. His first attempt at restoration failed at the battle of Worcester in 1651. The victory at Worcester, which ended the fighting of the Second English Civil War, brought a temporary end to the fighting in Scotland. The effect was to increase the tensions within the Covenanter movement, as moderates and radicals found that with no common enemy, the factions now began to fall upon each other. This factionalism had been a longstanding problem and had undermined Leslie's army at the battle of Dunbar in 1650 (where those of insufficiently moral character were sent away; unfortunately, that included many of the most experienced troops). This was worsened by the Restoration in 1660, when Charles II was invited back to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland. In the course of the Restoration, many scores were settled, and Royalists took a harsh revenge on their Presbyterian enemies. The Restoration was initially accepted, at least grudgingly by all but the more radical elements of the Covenanters. Various individuals that had been particularly prominent in pressing the radical position were executed, but that would have been relatively unproblematic had matters rested. However, the forces of reaction were not content and they pushed for a reversal of all that had changed since the 1630s; in particular, ministers were required to accept the imposition of episcopacy or be excommunicated. This was enough to bring supporters of the Covenant back out to conventicles (a combination of religious meeting and political rally), and there was an initial incident in 1666 with the battle of Rullion Green, when a group of Lanarkshire men were intercepted by dragoons while marching on Edinburgh and routed. The Scottish royalist Government varied between leniency (such as the Indulgence of 1669, which allowed ministers to return to the church without having to swear loyalty to the Episcopal system) and repression. However, as the conventicles spread in popularity, repression became the more frequent, and Government troops attacked the conventicles with lethal force. The skirmish at Drumclog on 1 June 1679 was one such attempted suppression of a conventicle. A small mounted Government force under Claverhouse was routed by a much larger body of Covenanters, partly as a result of Claverhouse's mistakes. The event was to inspire a dramatic upsurge in the number of people willing to take up arms for the Covenanting cause, being seen by many as a mark of divine favour. It also convinced the Government that it had a major rebellion on its hands, especially after the Covenanters went on to assault Glasgow. Lord Linlithgow, commander-in-chief of the king's forces in Scotland, raised a militia army in Edinburgh. By the middle of June, no fewer than 7,000 rebels were gathered on Hamilton Muir on the south side of the Clyde in the vicinity of Bothwell Bridge. However, the new army was riven with disagreement and spent more time debating the finer points of Presbyterian dogma than readying themselves for battle ' and in any case a large faction of the force were of a more moderate disposition and did not believe that fighting was an appropriate response to their situation. For many, the initial enthusiasm was not to survive the offer of clemency upon surrender of the cause offered by the Duke of Monmouth, who had been sent north by the King to bolster the resolve of the ineffectual Lord Linlithgow. On his arrival in Edinburgh on 18 June, Monmouth took command of a small force of regular troops bolstered by militia, which in total gave him a force of some 5,000 men. Site Gazetteer

On 20 June, Monmouth's force engaged and routed a rebel outpost, but despite this and the arrival of Covenanter reinforcements at Bothwell on the same day, Hamilton was still unwilling, or unable, to muster his army into anything resembling a fighting force. Imminent crisis was signalled by the arrival of the Government army on the north side of the river at the opposite end of the bridge. In response, a small detachment of rebels under Hackston and Turnbull barricaded the bridge and stationed their 300 men on and around the bridge house on the south side of the river. The bridge was also covered by a single piece of brass ordnance, the only piece of artillery possessed by the Covenanters on the field (though Brownlee refers to a 'little battery of cannon', which may imply more than one gun). Musketeers were also positioned along the river bank, from where they would effectively prevent any attempt to cross the river away from the bridge. Battlefield Landscape The general location of the battlefield is well understood through eyewitness and secondary accounts especially from Covenanter sources. These do not however give detailed information on the historic terrain and its character. Prior to the battle, the Covenanter army is reported to have assembled on Hamilton Muir, while the government army camped on Bothwell Muir on the north side of the river. Much of the main action is securely located as the initial phase centred on the bridge itself, while the final action took place immediately to the south of the bridge on the slope which rises up from the river bank. Roy's map of the 1750s shows the ground on both sides of the river close to the bridge as unenclosed ploughed fields. The north side of the bridge was fed by two roads, one to the left side of the bridge heading north-west and the other to the right heading north-east. The ground was generally open, with little settlement beyond the village of Bothwell. From the south, the bridge was approached by two roads: the Hamilton road running due north with a second road ran in from the west, joining the former close to the southern end of the bridge. On the south side of the Clyde the land was again generally open fields but with some enclosure. Roy's map gives little suggestion of the moorland noted on both sides of the river in the primary sources. On the north side of the river, the Government army may have initially deployed on a spur of high land overlooking the bridge. Similar high ground on the south side appears to have been the location of the Covenanter troops. Both the Covenanters and the Government army, once it had crossed the bridge, would have been restricted by the Whistleberry burn, which debouches into the river to the west of the bridge on the south bank. Several accounts mention a 'hollow ground' as the position of the Atholl Highlanders and the dragoons on the Government right. These troops may well have been located in the steep ravine of the burn. The battle was fought on the banks of the River Clyde. The sloping ground of the river valley rises up from the water on both the north and south sides to higher, more level ground. The topography of the river valley and its hinterland played a key role in the manoeuvres of the armies and although there has been considerable development across these areas with the residential suburbs of Bothwell now extending almost to the river bank to the north of the bridge, the overall character of the battlefield has survived well. Important landscape features including the steeply sloping banks to the north and south of the bridge have remained essentially unchanged. The spatial relationship between surviving elements of the battlefield landscape such as the river crossing and the positions of the Covenanters on the high ground to the south and the Government troops to the north overlooking the bridge survive well and their movements can still be easily read and understood. The north side of the defined area has seen extensive development with the spread of Bothwell. However pockets of undeveloped land survive, including the Covenanter's Field, and these have high potential for in-situ remains associated with the battle. The south side of the river is less developed, with areas of woodland and open ground surviving within an industrial landscape. It is possible that the river may have changed course a little, as General Roy's map shows the bend to the east of the bridge being sharper than it is today, but this could simply be a reflection of the limitations of 18th century mapping. Location The action is accurately located as the initial phase centred around the bridge itself, while the final action took place immediately to the south of the bridge, on the slope which rises up from the river bank. As previously mentioned one of the very few areas of the battlefield to have survived modern development is the so-called Covenanter's field, which probably corresponds to the centre or centre-right of the Government line. The extent to which both banks of the river have been Site Gazetteer

subject to change since the battle is uncertain, though the southern side has obviously been affected by the construction of the A725. The residential suburbs of Bothwell now extend almost to the river bank to the west of the bridge, while an area of woodland survives to the east as part of Strathclyde Country Park. General Roy's map provides little evidence for change in the course of the river, although he does show the bend to the east of the bridge being sharper than it is today, but this may simply be a reflection of the limitations of eighteenth century mapping. Terrain Roy's map of the 1750s shows the ground on both sides of the river in close proximity of the bridge as given over to arable agriculture with unenclosed ploughed fields. The north side of the bridge gives way to two roads, one of which forks to the left and the north-west and the other to the right and the north-east. Trees appear to fringe the north bank of the river here, but whether this was the case at the time of the battle is uncertain. The ground is generally open, with little in the way of settlement outside of the village of Bothwell to the north of the bridge. From the south, the bridge was approached by two roads ' one aligned directly north- south, the Hamilton road, and the other coming in from the west and joining the former close to the end of the bridge. Again, the land around these roads is generally open fields but there is some enclosure beginning to take hold. There is little suggestion of the moorland noted on both sides of the river in the contemporary accounts of the battle. Brownlee's account has the rebels positioned on the high ground from where 'Hamilton was labouring to bring down the different positions of our main body into action.' This position is also noted by Aiton in 1821 when he described the rebels positioned on the brow of the brae near the bridge. Initial Government deployment is likely to have taken place on similar terrain on the opposite side of the river, where the ground drops down from a spur toward the bridge. At the time of the battle, both of these areas seem to have been a little less ordered than when Roy's maps were prepared around 70 years later. The Covenanter army is reported to have assembled on Hamilton Muir, while the Government army camped on Bothwell Muir. However, the parkland landscape suggested on Roy's map on the south side of the river and associated with Hamilton Palace may already have been in place by the time of the battle, as some accounts refer to Little Park. By the time of the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map, published in 1864, the road pattern is pretty much the same as today, although a third road comes off the bridge to the north and travels northward between the two forks shown on Roy's map. The area between and around these roads has been enclosed around small farms and the bridge is marked as the site of the battle. Roy's map gives a good idea of how the rest of the landscape has changed in the intervening years. The area occupied by the Government force on the north side is clearly shown as a spur of high ground, which is still apparent today in the gradients of the roads and indeed in the slope in the Covenanter's Field. Likewise, the ground on the south side, occupied by the Covenanters, rises up sharply from the river; it is apparent that the modern A725 follows the course of a much older road, which may well have provided a line along which the Government force could readily deploy once crossing the bridge. Similarly, the Hamilton road, along which the Covenanter's advanced to the bridge and retreated during the rout, follows the same route today as shown on Roy's map. The land either side of the road has been taken up by a water treatment works and various light industrial/retail units. There is potential for pockets of ground surviving undisturbed on both sides of the road. The most obvious of these is the area of open ground directly through the old estate gates which today serve as the entrance for the water treatment works. That the estate was taking shape as early as the time of Roy's map is evident from the avenues of trees to the east side of the road. The ground closest to the bridge on both sides of the river is shown on Roy's map as open, arable ground. A north-south running ravine which carries a burn into the river runs parallel with the Hamilton Road on the south side. This is likely to have had a major influence on the deployment of both armies, and probably represented the western extent of their positions, Government right and Covenanter left, though it is recorded that part of the Government right was positioned in a hollow, which is likely to be this feature. On the east side of the Hamilton road the ground slopes fairly steeply down to the flood plain of the river, and this is likely to have placed a limit on deployment, especially by the Covenanters who deliberately occupied the high ground in the immediate vicinity of the bridge. This position placed them at a distinct advantage over the Government troops who would have no option but to deploy at the bottom of the slope, but only once they had all passed through the bottleneck of the bridge. Site Gazetteer

The accounts give relatively little further information, though two points are of note. Ure's account makes mention of a hollow burn, in which he placed his men in ambush on the left flank of the Covenanter position. Once again, it seems likely that he is talking about the ravine carrying the burn here and the strengthening of the Government right may have been in response to this. Condition Today, Bothwell has extended right up to the river bank with the bridge giving direct access to the town. Small pockets of open ground survive on the rebel side of the bridge. On the south side of the bridge there has been considerable development in the form of a sewage works. Industrial units fringe both sides of the north-south road and the outskirts of Hamilton approach the Clyde to the west. The area around the burn is still undeveloped and today is known as the Back Muir Plantation and there may be some potential for archaeology here. The bridge is a category A listed building and the Covenanter monument is listed at category B. Archaeological & Physical Remains and Potential An archaeological evaluation and metal detecting survey was undertaken in 2006 in advance of a proposed housing scheme within a field 50m from the north end of Bothwell Bridge known as the Covenanter's Field. A number of musket balls were recovered which may represent bullets fired at the Government army as they took up position on the high ground against the Covenanters stationed on the bridge. However, the evaluation was limited in scope and there may be further munitions and other artefacts relating to the battle within this field. Although the bridge is generally considered to have been widened and modified in the 19th century, it seems likely that the present bridge is the result of a demolition of the former structure and a rebuild from scratch. There is certainly no obvious evidence of older elements surviving within the present structure. Some evidence for the earlier structure can be seen in the form of heavily worn sandstone blocks sitting beneath the footing of the present bridge, particularly on the Bothwell side of the river. This does, however, suggest that the bridge was at some point demolished and entirely rebuilt. This is further suggested by old illustrations of the bridge that depict it at the time of the battle; not only does it have a gateway sitting on it, but the structure has a pronounced humped back, whereas the modern bridge sits horizontally. Rebel deployments, and those of the Government army once it had crossed bridge, would have been restricted by the Whistleberry burn, which debouches into the river to west of the bridge. The Government army may have deployed along the east-west running road which is fringed by open agricultural land to the south. The hollow ground referred to as the position of the Atholl Highlanders and the dragoons on the Government right may be the land which drops down toward the burn. Extensive ground on both the north and south side of the river has been lost to development, but there are still areas that are relatively open and could preserve physical traces of the battle. The primary sources suggest that the loss of life on the battlefield was relatively small, with most of the fatalities occurring during the rout. This reduces the likelihood of human remains in the near vicinity of the bridge, but suggests that there may be burials further to the south on the line of the rout. Cultural Association An obelisk monument dedicated to the Covenanter role in the battle was erected close to the south end of the bridge in 1903. A number of ballads were written about the battle shortly after it took place and Sir Walter Scott included the battle and the events leading up to it in his novel Old Mortality. The site of the battle was used as a place of commemorational worship and social gathering well into the 20th century, and a photograph taken in 1946 shows a large crowd of people, many of them young army cadets, gathered together in the field to the north of the bridge. The period of Covenanter conflict is still firmly lodged in the public consciousness and the battle remains a significant historical event in Scotland. Commemoration & Interpretation The site has long been an important focus for the commemoration of the battle, which is today regarded by some as the Covenanters' Culloden: it was the last battle of the struggle and saw a resounding defeat delivered by the Government. An obelisk monument was raised by the Covenanter Association in 1903. The most important memorial however is probably the field to the north of the bridge, which according to recent archaeological work appears to represent at least one location for the advancing Government army. The Covenanters' Field, as it is known, was owned by The Battle of Bothwell Bridge Commemoration Service Committee until the 1980s when, due to lack of funding, it was given Site Gazetteer

to the local authority to be held for safekeeping and protection. A photograph from 1946 shows a very large crowd in the field and gives some idea of the long standing importance of this location as a site of commemoration.

From Historic Environment Scotland

Site Number 159 Site Name DALZELL HOUSE Type of Site Inventory Garden & Designed Landscape Listing No./NRHE Number GDL00132 HER Number Status Designated Easting 275976 Northing 654928 Parish Cambusnethan, Dalziel Council North Lanarkshire Description Probably dating from the 17th century, although possibly earlier, the parkland and woodland make a stunning contribution to the surrounding scenery and provide a valuable wildlife refuge. Artistic Interest Level of interest High The gardens at Dalzell have been described in several historical references as being of value as a Work of Art in the past. Historical Level of interest Outstanding There are physical remains of an early landscape and the structure of the planting still corresponds to that shown on General Roy's map of 1750. Horticultural Level of interest Some The arboretum at Dalzell gives it some Horticultural value. Architectural Level of interest Outstanding It provides the setting for a category A listed house and the policies contain other Architectural features of interest. Archaeological Level of interest Not Assessed Scenic Level of interest Outstanding Dalzell House and grounds make a significant contribution to the surrounding scenery. Nature Conservation Level of interest Outstanding The RSPB Reserve along the River Clyde, and the large area of woodland habitat give this site great value for Nature Conservation. Location and Setting Dalzell House lies some 1.5 miles (2.5km) to the south-east of Motherwell town centre. It lies on the north side of the River Clyde's broad valley and the river forms its southern boundary. The Dalzell Burn has cut a narrow gorge in the Carboniferous sandstone on its way to the Site Gazetteer

Clyde; Dalzell House was built as a stronghold on the north bank above the gorge with steep slopes to the south and east of the keep and a moat to its west. The soils are mainly brownearths and they support a wide range of plants. The house's situation affords fine views of the surrounding landscape and particularly southwards across the Clyde Valley. The designed landscape is visible mainly from across the Clyde to the south but the north parks and policy woodlands are also visible from the neighbouring area. The house is set in the centre of the park on a hill some 263' (80m) high. The land slopes gently southwards to the Clyde. The designed landscape extends from the Clyde in the south and follows the policy woodlands to the west and east to the minor road and lodges in the north. Baron's Haugh was once part of the estate and the beech avenue extended westwards along the Clyde to the Roman Camp at the western end of the walk where the summerhouse known as Gladstone's used to stand. These western fields were not marked as parkland on the 1st edition OS map although were probably used as pastureland and did contain some individual trees. By 1900 and the 2nd edition map, the Dalzell and Broomside Collieries and their associated railway lines had extended into this western part of the estate. The inner policies have retained the same boundary since the 1850s. The main lime avenues to the south of the house can be identified on both maps and the remnants can be identified today. There are 232 acres (94ha) within the designed landscape today. Site History The Dalzell family held the barony up to c.1342 when it is reputed that it was sequestered from Sir Robert Dalzell for residing in England without the King's consent. James Hamilton, 1st of Dalzell, amassed a large fortune by supplying the army during the wars of Cromwell. In 1647 he had a grant of the old Barony of Dalzell, resigned by the Earl of Carnwath; he was a nephew of the Earl through his mother Christiana, a daughter of Robert Dalzell of Dalzell. Dalzell then stayed in the Hamilton family until 1952. Archibald Hamilton the 4th Laird (1694-1774) succeeded in 1727; he was a keen horticulturist and planted some rare trees. Roy's map of 1750 shows trees planted in formal grids of N/S, E/W orientation, with two main diagonals to the south-east. The main south avenue is shown on the Roy map. Archibald Hamilton was succeeded in his work by his son James, who planted a rose garden midway between the house and kitchen garden, sheltered by coniferous and deciduous trees. The main entrance was the Park Avenue until the laird put in a new north avenue and two lodges. The 5th Laird was succeeded by his brother John whose son, Archibald, was associated with Robert Owen, the New Lanark socialist, and whose experiments with their other estate at Orbiston proved too costly and it had to be sold. In 1832, William Cobbett visited Dalzell and recorded that it would be where he 'would choose to reside'. General Hamilton died in 1834 and was succeeded by his grandson, John. The architect R.W. Billings was commissioned to carry out major alterations to the house in 1857 and he stayed to supervise the work. The gardens were also improved at this time by a local man, Andrew Cassels. In 1886 John Hamilton was created Lord Hamilton; in 1888 a royal visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales involved new furnishings. Lord Hamilton died in 1900 and was succeeded by his son Gavin. He died in 1952 and the family moved to Surrey. The house was sold, part of it being used as a boys' school until 1967 when it was purchased by Motherwell & Wishaw Town Council. The house has remained empty since then, although some restoration work was undertaken. It was transferred to Motherwell District Council in 1975 and is currently available for sale. Dalzell House was sold in 1985 for conversion into flats. The park is run as a Country Park by Motherwell District Council. Landscape Components Architectural Features Dalzell House is based on an ancient keep dating back to the mid-15th century. At that time, it was surrounded by a moat and defended by a portcullis across the entrance to the keep. It was extended in the 17th century when a new three-storey turretted and dormered wing was added at the south-west. The tower house was restored by Maitland Wardrop in 1853. In 1857 the architect and antiquarian R.W. Billings remodelled and further extended the house adding a north wing and stable block. It is the only category A listed building in Motherwell District. The Terraced Garden contained several architectural features: the three terraces on the steep south face of the Burn are enclosed by ornamental walls, and on the second terrace two sundials and a fountain used to stand. The 60' deep St. Margaret's well lies in the West Courtyard; the Coach- house and Stables in the North Courtyard are in the process of conversion to housing. The summerhouse was built c.1736 on the site of the Roman Camp at the western end of the Park; it was known as 'Gladstone's Summerhouse' after Gladstone visited in 1879. It was Site Gazetteer

moved to its present site north of the house for safety but its roof was destroyed by arson in 1985. The Gazebo, built by Lord Gavin, is a mid-19th century summerhouse above The Dell and mausoleum and is listed B. The Mausoleum was built in c.1800 on the site and plan of the former St. Patrick's Church which had been used as a parish church until 1789. The Mausoleum is listed B and the graveyard is listed B. There are also some interesting bridges across the Dalzell Burn and its tributaries. Parkland The former deer parks are still in pasture; the north park has lost some of its trees on the west side but retains some parkland trees on the east side. The cricket ground is within the eastern half and a field is let for horse- grazing in the west half. The southern parks are still in pasture and the striking lines of the avenue define a vista from the house southwards across the river. The river is lined with an avenue to the west known as the 'Beech Walk' and reputed to be one of the first of its kind. The main drive to the house is lined with an avenue. The marshland adjacent to the river to the south-west of the parks is now managed by the RSPB as a wildlife reserve. Woodland There is substantial woodland cover in the policies, composed of a wide range of species both exotic and indigenous. Sycamore is predominating in the mixed deciduous areas with yew and Rhododendron forming thick layers of understorey in many parts of the grounds. The northern fringe woodlands are suffering from litter dumping and vandalism. There are some older oaks and beech around 200 years old. Sycamore, rowan and poplar have naturally regenerated and some areas could be thinned to allow greater light penetration and improve the ground flora. There is a very old oak in the north-west of the park. Woodland Garden Woodland walks extend from the house on both sides of the Burn. To the east, the paths go through to the Japanese Garden, and along the gorge to the west. South of the house (on the brow of the hill overlooking the view southwards), there are the remains of the old Bowling Green, now overgrown. Woodland paths lead up to the Faerie Circle and arboretum and westwards to the Mausoleum and The Dell. The woodland is of mixed deciduous species: horse chestnut, beech, oak, ash and sycamore, underplanted with Rhododenron. The Gardens The Japanese Garden was apparently moved from a site further to the west in the Park, to its present position on the banks of the Dalzell Burn. It was created by Lady Sybil Hamilton in the early 1900s. Very little of the original plant material now remains although bamboo and Japanese maples have survived. It once contained a pond, Azaleas and Rhododendrons, ornamental statues (oriental dragons and lions), and a flight of steps modelled on those of the Buddhist Temple in Nagasaki. Yew and Rhododendron have grown up through this garden to the waterfall which is still an attractive feature. A path leads from the Terraced Garden into the arboretum to the west of the house. The trees have all been recorded and the arboretum includes some good specimen trees including Tulip trees, Cedars, a Deodar, Sequoias, and an avenue of Irish Yew. Adjacent to the drive at its east end is the Cadzow oak, a very old pedunculate oak, of which the narrowest part of the girth was measured as 24' in the early 1900s. Within the arboretum is the Rose Garden of small flowerbeds planted up with shrub roses, and to the north of the Drive is the Shrubbery recently planted up with flowering shrub species. There are some interesting Rhododendrons in the arboretum. The 'Faerie Circle' to the south-west corner of the arboretum is a circle of yew trees planted above the Burn. A summerhouse was marked on the 1st edition OS map of c.1850 in this area. From here there is a good view westwards of the stone arched bridge downstream. Woodland walks extend from the house on both sides of the Burn. To the east, the paths go through to the Japanese Garden, and along the gorge to the west. South of the house (on the brow of the hill overlooking the view southwards), there are the remains of the old Bowling Green, now overgrown. Woodland paths lead up to the Faerie Circle and arboretum and westwards to the Mausoleum and The Dell. The woodland is of mixed deciduous species: horse chestnut, beech, oak, ash and sycamore, underplanted with Rhododenron. The area to the north of the mausoleum was planted up as a garden by Lord Gavin Hamilton in memory of his wife, Lady Sybil. The octagonal gazebo was built at the top or north end of the garden and Lord Gavin used to sit there overlooking his wife's grave. A plaque in the gazebo was inscribed with the dedication 'In Memory of 33 Happy Years'. Stepping stones lead down through the garden to the mausoleum; the garden is now overgrown. Site Gazetteer

Arboretum A path leads from the Terraced Garden into the arboretum to the west of the house. The trees have all been recorded and the arboretum includes some good specimen trees including Tulip trees, Cedars, a Deodar, Sequoias, and an avenue of Irish Yew. Adjacent to the drive at its east end is the Cadzow oak, a very old pedunculate oak, of which the narrowest part of the girth was measured as 24' in the early 1900s. Within the arboretum is the Rose Garden of small flowerbeds planted up with shrub roses, and to the north of the Drive is the Shrubbery recently planted up with flowering shrub species. There are some interesting Rhododendrons in the arboretum. The 'Faerie Circle' to the south-west corner of the arboretum is a circle of yew trees planted above the Burn. A summerhouse was marked on the 1st edition OS map of c.1850 in this area. From here there is a good view westwards of the stone arched bridge downstream.

From Historic Environment Scotland

AOC Archaeology Group, Edgefield Industrial Estate, Edgefield Road, Loanhead EH20 9SY tel: 0131 555 4425 | fax: 0131 555 4426 | e-mail: [email protected]