Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Determining the Neutrino Flux from Neutrino Beams Accelerator Neutrino Beams Mary Bishai Brookhaven NEUTRINO 2010, June 13-19, Athens, Greece National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab Mary Bishai
Booster Brookhaven National Laboratory Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams June 15, 2010 Off-axis NuMI Beam 1 Neutrinos at Fermilab Conclusions 2 Booster Neutrino Beam 3 Main Injector Neutrino Beams 4 Off-axis NuMI Beam 5 Conclusions The Fermilab Accelerator Complex
Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams
Off-axis NuMI Beam
Conclusions The Neutrino Beamlines at Fermilab
Determining the Neutrino Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) Flux from 8 GeV proton, Be target l=71cm, 174 kA pulsed horn. Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) Booster Neutrino 120 GeV proton beam, graphite target l=95cm, 185 kA pulsed horns (2) Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams
Off-axis NuMI Beam
Conclusions The MiniBooNE Detector
Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Cerenkov detector: 800T mineral Neutrino Beams oil, 1280 inner PMTs and 240 Veto
Mary Bishai PMTs. ∼ 10% energy resolution Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams
Off-axis NuMI Beam
Conclusions The MINOS Detectors
Determining the Neutrino Magnetized iron calorimeters with 2.54 cm thick Fe plates sandwiched with Flux from scintillator strips (1 cm thick, 4.1 cm wide) readout by WLS fiber. Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Far Detector (FD) Near Detector (ND) Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino 484 octogonal steel and 282 “squashed” octagonal Beams scintillator plates 8m wide, steel plates, 153 scintillator Off-axis NuMI ⇒ 5.4kTon and 30 m in length . planes. Beam Toroidal B-field, 1.3 T at ⇒ 1kTon and 16 m in length . Conclusions r = 2m Toroidal B-field, 1.3 T at Cosmic µ veto shield r = 2m NuMI Beam in MiniBooNE and MINOS
Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams
Off-axis NuMI Beam
Conclusions MiniBoone/MINOS Neutrino Fluxes
Determining MiniBooNE MINOS ND the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino NuMI beam in MiniBooNE Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams
Off-axis NuMI Beam
Conclusions Simulation of the BNB Phys. Rev. D. 79, 072002 (2009)
Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam GEANT4 simulation of beamline geometry. Generation of the Main Injector primary protons according to expected beam optics. Neutrino Beams Simulation of primary p-Be interactions using custom tables for ± ± 0 Off-axis NuMI production of p,n,π , K and K based on external Beam hadro-production data. Conclusions GEANT4 propagates particles generated in p-Be, including secondary interactions in the beamline materials. MiniBooNE p-Be Hadronic Interaction Models
Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams
Off-axis NuMI Beam
Conclusions
Data: Use HARP 8.89 GeV/c p-Be and BNL E910 6.4 GeV/c p-Be interactions with best fit to Sanford-Wang model. BNB Simulation Uncertainties
Determining Ratio to nominal νµ flux the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams
Off-axis NuMI Beam
Conclusions Measurements of νµ Flux from MiniBoone
Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams
Off-axis NuMI Beam
Conclusions
Hadron production uncertainties dominate: 15-18% Measurement of the νµ Interaction Rate in MiniBooNE
Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams
Off-axis NuMI Beam
Conclusions
To match data, flux had to be scaled by 1.21 The NuMI Near and Far Detector Flux
Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory ν Ratio of Far/Near µ Flux in MINOS
Neutrinos at 2 1 Fermilab
Booster 0.9 Neutrino Beam 0.8
Main Injector Flux Far/Near X L µ
Neutrino ν 0.7 Beams Perfect Focusing (π/K + lifetime) 0.6 Off-axis NuMI 2-Horn Focusing Beam 0.5 Horn Focusing Region Conclusions 0.4
5 10 15 20 25 30 E ν GeV Simulation of the NuMI Beamline
Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams GEANT4 is used to define the detailed NuMI beamline geometry Off-axis NuMI GEANT4 geometry interfaces to FLUKA08. FLUKA08 is used to Beam generate proton beam and model all primary and secondary Conclusions particle interaction. Simulating NuMI Target Degradation Poster by N. Simos, N. Mokhov, M. Bishai
Determining Observe a reduction in the ν event rate < 6 GeV in NuMI target 2: the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster MARS simulation of target damage Target damage model in FLUKA08 Neutrino Beam MINOS Preliminary 1.1 Main Injector Neutrino 1.05 Beams
1 Off-axis NuMI Beam 0.95 Conclusions
0.9 Radiation Damage Model
Run III last 2 months/first 2 months ND spectrum damaged/undamaged target
µ 0.85
ν 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Eν (Data reco, MC true) GeV Using the MINOS ND to constrain NuMI Simulation Technique developed by Sacha Kopp and Zarko Pavlovich
Determining the Neutrino The NuMI flux can be changed by moving the target w.r.t horns. LE: Flux from Accelerator target 35cm into horn 1, ME: target -1m from LE position Neutrino HE: target -2.5m from LE position Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams
Off-axis NuMI Beam
Conclusions A simultaneous fit to the νµ andν ¯µ ND event rates produced in different beam tunes and with different horn currents is performed. Using the MINOS ND to constrain NuMI Simulation Technique developed by Sacha Kopp and Zarko Pavlovich
Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory
Neutrinos at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Beams
Off-axis NuMI Beam
Conclusions Beam fits to MINOS ND Data, 2010
Determining the Neutrino Non-target production effects included in fit: Horn current, horn Flux from Accelerator current distributions, target position, Eν scale and offset, target Neutrino damage effects. Beams NA49 constrains π+/π−. Mary Bishai + − + + Brookhaven K /K and K /π constrained to FLUKA 08 National NuMI low-energy beam tune NuMI high-energy beam tune Laboratory ×103 MINOS Preliminary ×103 MINOS Preliminary Near Detector 2.5 Near Detector Neutrinos at 1 Data Data Fermilab Untuned MC Untuned MC 0.8 Tuned MC. 2 Tuned MC. Booster Neutrino 0.6 1.5 Beam 0.4 1 Main Injector Events / 1e18 POT Events / 1e18 POT Neutrino 0.2 0.5 Beams 1.6 1.6 Off-axis NuMI 1.4 1.4 Beam 1.2 1.2 1 1
Conclusions Data / MC 0.8 Data / MC 0.8 0.60 5 10 15 20 25 0.60 5 10 15 20 25
Reconstructed Eν [Gev] Reconstructed Eν [Gev] Beam Fit Parameter Correlations
Determining Correlation Matrix the Neutrino Flux from numubarPar1 1.0 Accelerator ncnumubar Neutrino ncnumu 0.8 Beams miscal k-_par1 Mary Bishai k-_par0 0.6 Brookhaven pi-_par1 National pi-_par0 0.4 Laboratory k+_par5 k+_par4 0.2 k+_par3 Neutrinos at k+_par2 Fermilab k+_par1 -0.0 k+_par0 Booster pi+_par5 -0.2 Neutrino pi+_par4 Beam pi+_par3 pi+_par2 -0.4 Main Injector pi+_par1 Neutrino pi+_par0 -0.6 Beams TgtDecayR3 TgtDecayN Off-axis NuMI horn_I_dist. -0.8 Beam horn_I_miscal -1.0 Conclusions miscal k-_par1 k-_par0 k+_par1 ncnumu pi-_par1 k+_par0 k+_par2 k+_par3 k+_par4 k+_par5 pi-_par0 pi+_par1 pi+_par0 pi+_par2 pi+_par3 pi+_par4 pi+_par5 TgtDecayN ncnumubar horn_I_dist. TgtDecayR3 numubarPar1 horn_I_miscal MINOS ND Data Beam Fits vs p-C NA49
Determining the Neutrino Flux from 4.0 Accelerator Neutrino Beams 3.5 GFLUKA Mary Bishai FLUKA01 Brookhaven 3.0 FLUKA05 National -
Laboratory π MARS /
+ 2.5 NA49
Neutrinos at π Fermilab 2.0 Booster Neutrino Beam Ratio 1.5 Main Injector Neutrino Beams 1.0
Off-axis NuMI Beam 0.5 MINOS Best Fit Conclusions 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 p [GeV/c] Z Uncertainties in NuMI Flux Simulation (2010)
Determining the Neutrino — Beam optics Flux from — Target production Accelerator Neutrino — Horn material budget Beams ND Event Rate
Mary Bishai ND νµ Errors After MC Tuning [L010z185i Run2] Brookhaven 0.10 National Laboratory 0.09 0.08 Neutrinos at Fermilab 0.07 Booster 0.06 Neutrino Beam 0.05 Main Injector 0.04 Neutrino Beams 0.03
Off-axis NuMI 0.02 Beam 0.01 Conclusions Fractional Error on MC Event Rate 0.00 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 True Eν (GeV) Uncertainties in NuMI Flux Simulation (2010)
Determining the Neutrino — Beam optics Flux from — Target production Accelerator Neutrino — Horn material budget Beams Far/Near Extrapolation
Mary Bishai Far/Near νµ Errors After MC Tuning [L010z185i Run2] Brookhaven National 0.030 Laboratory 0.025 Neutrinos at Fermilab 0.020 Booster Neutrino Beam 0.015 Main Injector Neutrino Beams 0.010
Off-axis NuMI Beam 0.005
Conclusions Fractional Error on MC Event Rate 0.000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 True Eν (GeV) Uncertainties in NuMI Simulation (2010)
Determining the Neutrino Flux from Accelerator ND rate uncertainties (ν-mode) from the NuMI simulation: Neutrino Beams
Mary Bishai Source of Uncertainty νµ ν¯µ νe Brookhaven National Proton delivery 2% 2% 2% Laboratory Focusing 7.5% small TBD Target z position 1% small 1% Neutrinos at Fermilab Target hadro-production 1.5% 2.5% 5% Target degradation 4% 4% 4% Booster Neutrino Horn material budget 3% small 2% Beam Decay pipe He small small small Main Injector π → µ propagation -- 20% Neutrino Beams Off-axis NuMI Uncertainties on flux from target hadro-production is smaller after Beam
Conclusions fit to ND rate The overall uncertainty on νe is LARGE MiniBooNE ν Interactions from NuMI Beamline - 2010 Poster by Zelimir Djurcic
Determining the Neutrino The NuMI simulation tuned to match the MINOS ND event rate was Flux from Accelerator used to predict the ν rate in the MiniBooNE detector: Neutrino 3000 Beams Data Mary Bishai Brookhaven Predicted !µ Spectrum National Uncertainty in Prediction Laboratory 2000 Neutrinos from all "’s
Neutrinos at Neutrinos from all K’s Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam 1000
Main Injector Events/(100 MeV) Neutrino Beams Off-axis NuMI 0 Beam 0.2 0.6 1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3 Conclusions Reconstructed E![GeV] MiniBooNE ν Interactions from NuMI Beamline - 2010 Poster by Zelimir Djurcic
Determining the Neutrino The NuMI simulation tuned to match the MINOS ND event rate was Flux from used to predict the ν rate in the MiniBooNE detector: Accelerator Neutrino 100 Beams
Mary Bishai Data Brookhaven National 80 Predicted !e Spectrum Laboratory Uncertainty in Prediction ! + ! background Neutrinos at 60 e e Fermilab !µ+ !µ background Booster Neutrino 40 Beam
Main Injector Neutrino Events/(100 MeV) Beams 20
Off-axis NuMI Beam 0 Conclusions 0.2 0.6 1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3 Reconstructed E![GeV] Summary and Conclusions
Determining the Neutrino The MiniBooNE and MINOS experiments have developed Flux from detailed simulations of the neutrino beamlines. Accelerator Neutrino MiniBooNE uses p-Be hadron production data from other Beams experiments (HARP, BNL E910) to predict the νµ rate in the Mary Bishai Brookhaven detector. The predicted flux uncertainty is large ∼ 20% National dominated by target hadro-production. Laboratory MINOS uses the near detector data in addition to data from Neutrinos at other experiments to constrain target hadro-production. The flux Fermilab uncertainty using a near detector constraint is < 10% and is Booster dominated by focusing uncertainties. Neutrino Beam Most, BUT NOT ALL, neutrino flux uncertainties cancel when Main Injector using a near detector to extrapolate to a far detector. In Neutrino Beams MINOS, cancellation is good to 3%.
Off-axis NuMI Due to large modeling uncertainties in the propagation of Beam π → µ, MINOS is unable to use νµ to constrain beam νe. Conclusions The event rate of νµ interactions in MiniBooNE from the NuMI beamline has been successfully predicted using the on-axis MINOS ND to constrain the beamline simulation.