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Український Щоденник Ukrainian Daily РІК Ш. Ч. 226. VOL. IXL No. 226. \ ЩееМр Dedicated to the needs and interest of young Americans of Ukrainian descent

No. 45 NEW YORK and JERSEY CITY, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 18. 1944 VOL. ХП lians and War Effort 99 in the Sun" Congress Committee Gets Under the above heading the in Treasury Citation fluential Catholic weekly, "America" "The Windsor Daily Star" of Wind­ Canadian nationality. The scoffers published in its November 11, 1944, On the eve of the Sixth War Loan sor, Ontario, Canada, featured in its claimed we were permenently "Bal- number (vol. LXXII. No. 6) an compaign the Ukrainian Congress November 4 last issue a lengthy kanizing" Western Canada. It was editorial which we reprint below in I Committee of America has received article written exclusively for it by realized that time alone would de­ its entirety: I from Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Sec- Walter A. Tucker, Member of Par­ finitely decide which was right. "To Russian war reporters and retary of Treasury, a special citation liament for Rosthern, Saskatchewan, The War of 1914-18 came before American readers, places featured in. "for distinguished services rendered in which the writer lauds very highly; the newcomers were much more than the news like Kiev and Krivoi Rog in behalf the War Finance Program," the Ukrainian Canadians and their j nicely settled in their new homes, are assumed to be in Russia; like while the committee's war bond chair- war effort. j The land from which they came as Lwow, to be in Poland; or like Uz-^man, Dr. Walter Gallan of Philadel- In the latter connection Mr. Tucker -part of the Austro-Hungarian Em- horod, to be in eastern Czecho-Slo-1 Phia, has received a letter of com- reveals some details on the Ukrain-; pire was at war with Canada. How- vakia. But to the countrymen of the mendation from William C. Fitzgib- ian Canadian military record: | ever, most of them were aware of і Mazeppa all these spots lie bon, Deputy Director of National . The proportion of Canadians of the history of their people—the Uk- within the widespread boundaries of Organizations Division of the Treas- Ukrainian origin in the First Di\i- rainian people—how Poland had, cen- the Ukraine. As a result of Russian ury Department, for "dynamic lead- sion was greater than their propor- turies before, came to dominate them propaganda, 'Ukraine is beginning to ership" which helped to make "the tion of the population of Canada. | an

.| around him fpr ||agjpftap* which he ic«erve<|u Here is % simple list of his Hrushetek istoran an sman Mvork of twen^ years at the head of this. Society:— By ALEXANDER SHULHYN The Annals of the Society (Zapys* ky) which, instead of appearing as PXACTLY ten уеаде ago nes*t £ridsy, oft-J^Dvember 24, 1934 a great Kiev, Novgorod, YJadimt* and Щ*у heret»foi» onfcf.onee * year, came Ukrainian passed away, Michael Hrushevsky (born 1866). 1» me* cow. Just like ihese chroniclers of out very much more frequently. The morium we published below aja obituary of tim* written by Alexander Shut the 16th century, Russian historians number Q£ volumes issued this period hvn which appeared a year after Hrushevsky's death in The Slavonic Re- ^flmmence their narative with the his- reached a hundred. " ew published in Londor: 'tory of the Grand Duchy of Kiev, Fifteen volumes of collections . .. Mykhailo Hrushevsky is dead.^ апД then .explain how the centre of (Zbirnyk) of the historical and phil­ ...As historian of Ukraine, his im- Russian history was transferred to ological section. mense activity had written a new Jo put^ beside. ЗДотЬепко and Dra Vladimir, to Moscow, a»d finally to *vi1Fw*nty-five volumes of the Library Sb Petersburg* The .fcistory oX Uk- page in the history of his реоріві ftomaniv. у oit History. After a long interval of a hundred ^\^Q#y,,j*, simple Cause ,} raine appeals only in episodes in Seven vol. of Ukrainian Archives. v their account, when they speak of and fifty years it was he who re-s Twenty volumes devoted to juris­ newed the tradiUon of the sovereigns HistoriaHistonan and statesmanstatesman., Hru the Lithuano-, of prudence. oTul^ *ГеЬ™ wfiosefire ehevsky £^^£*£™Z Hetman Bohdan Khmelnitsky, of Several volumes devoted to econo­ and work he had ^tud.ed -th^ ^ШшШЩУ*****^ Mazeppa, etc. Thus the history of mic and social problems (Studii z Ukraine, as Hnishevsky mpuembrt ita, be- pola suspilnykh nauk І statystyky). тяш&з&&з* !&,*^ *Ш2 авчйвлйгааг t " . r Collected volumes devoted to phil- ine uret г*^ n ,ятй. peoples who are .awakening from a jecta.'' Hrushevsky insists on the ological' studies, to natural sciences, C lon sl and to mathematics. tion m 191ivit,7 more than ,__!__ttot-h_ rtfe way«s play«*P s thaen studenormouy оДs historpart,y and ^^МІМІМШМhistory of two peoples, the Musco^- v was usitS fOUndprlounupi, thuuec Chie«««t «*mpireF~«r O*Ij nowhere else are. historianhi«f««a«»s helholrdt m|vitin I vite * anamd * ththe* UknajnianТТ1гж»іпіа«, aяsя alsя!«oл hЬeР Special commissions of the Society tfce Ukrainian people. !guch hoIlours ^ a pgjacki with the would give separate treatment to also published- numbers of volumes Ukrainian autonomy had received Czechs and a Hrushevsky with the j White Russia. According to him, under the indefatigable direction of a mortal blow after the defeat of j Ukrainians. The past speaks,- and j Muscovite history will itself gain by Hrushevsky. Thus this great scholar Mazepa and his ally Charles ХП in becomes a living call to action. By j this; for in seeking the direct con- transformed the Learned Society of the Battle of Poltava. The repres- his , Hrushevsky | nection between the Kiev period and Shevchenko into a real Academy of sion of Peter the Great had a ter- aroused others to work; but certain-1 that of Vladimir, Russian historians Ukrainian sciences. A*, soon as it was possible to or­ rible effect on Ukraine. At the time iy and before all, it is the past that too often failed to study seriously of Catherine II the country was de- summoned Hrushevsky himself to enough the historical past of Mus­ ganize a learned society in Kiev (1908), it was he who became its prived of all its liberties and became piav his proper historical part. It covite people in its own territory. president and the organizer of its no more than a simple province of)Wasm the history of his country that As to Ukraine, according to Hru work. He was also organizer and Russia. It was thought to be com- he sought a lesson for the^ present sheV8k7 it^To"'itTh"aT*belongs"the pletely subjected and crushed, but the future. L^^ iev. chief editor for twenty years of the and for of the Grand Ducay of K best Ukrainian literary review, Lite- its revival soon declared itself toJTO| Hrushevsky must і Life itself does not stop in Ukraine Ag a hi8toriaQ| raturny-naukovy Vistnyk (1898). appearance of a real genius a P™* be regarded as one of the greatest of {--neither during the decline of Kiev, was who at the same time ™e pro- hifi Ume a scholar ^th a complete:nor during the existence of the feud- Persecuted ?het.A*??^nt% "ement con-imastery of the mc>dern methods of j al Uthuano-Ukrainian State, nor dur- ko (1814-1861) Such are principal stages in this historical research. He is the great-ling the Polish domination, nor final- astonishing lifs. During the Great tinued to develop, and it was Dra- est historian of Ukraine, though this! Iy, under the Kozak republic. These homaniv (1841-1895) who rational­ War he was arbitrarily arrested by country had already had such re- і are perhaps very different historical the Tsarist Government and deported ised it, and gave it political pro­ markable scholars and talented his- j processes; but they are originally gramme; but his time was a heavy from Ukraine to the centre of Russia, torians as Kostamariv and Hrushev-1 linked together by the principal actor The Revolution of 1917, as we have one for Ukraine, and he himself was J*** s own great teacher, Vladimir | in this tragedy in several acts, the no more than an emigre. mentioned at the outset of this article Antonovich, from whom Hrushevsky | Ukrainian people, and also by that brought him to the climax of his The Period of Hrushevsky inherited all his critical ability, his territory which is the stage of the, life. But the Revolution also ruined perfect knowledge of sources, his whole story. But apart from this,'him completely. From 1919 to 1923 It was only in the 20th century profound ideas on the past of the] each of these periods has naturally) he was an emigre and lived sue- that the Ukrainian movement as- Ukrainian people. Under the scholar- j influenced the one which succeeded! cessively in Paris, Geneva, Vienna sumed a clearer form, penetrated in- iy direction of Antonovich, as later) it, and without this chronological: and Prague. He believed he could to the mass of the people, and _be- under that of Hrushevsky, a great study, which goes back to the root reconcile himself with the Soviet me a great political factor. The number of documents have appeared of an event in each preceding period, j Government, for which he was bit- field af national activity was con- on the history of Ukraine. Hrushe- the history of the Ukrainian people terly critisized by some of his corn- siderably widened. This was the sky himself wrote a large number of would never be scientifically grounded, patriots, and returned to Ukraine, period of Mykhailo Hrushevsky, who books and pamphlets and articles; here he hecanc for a long time became the real head bibliography has reckoned them as HU Wnrk* Y a member of the of the Ukrainian nation. In 1917, at numbering 1,700; but apart from nis WOFHS Academy of Sciences of Kiev. In spite the outset of the revolution in Uk- some special studies of greater value, Among the works of Hrushevsky of the great difficulties of life under one cannot fail to place by the side; the Soviet regime, he gave fresh raine, his popularity was fabulous. we have his History of Ukraine, in He was quite naturally elected presi- nine large volumes, which is his fun- of his masterly History of Ukraine: proofs of his energy, which remained the five volumes of hie History of; as youthful as ever. He again pub- dent of the Central Rada, the con- damental work He begins with the , in which helished a historical review LTkrai in stituent assembly of a Ukraine that study of prehistoric times in Ukraine develops in an even more fascinating і and a number of studies devoted to was being born again. His experience and his last volume is devoted to the way the ideas which are scattered і special questions in Ukrainian his- of the political life of Western Eu- period of Hetman Bohdan Khmel- over the nine volumes of his History. I tory or that of its different regions, rope, his profound knowledge both of nitsky. Thus his work remains un-. He finds much room for folklore, Here he wrote the ninth volume of Ukraine and Russia, his# daring and finished. For all who wish to study popular songs and anything which | his history of Ukraine. It was pre- his political temperament contributed the past of Ukraine it is of capital expresses the spirit and beliefs of cisely the appearance of this volume much to the organization and work- importance. As Hrushevsky wanted the Ukrainian people. that launched against him a vehe ing of the government apparatus of to leave a complete study, he could j Hrushevsky has written several; ™ent campaign in the Soviet press, the Ukrainian republic. ЦмЧ the poll- not rest content with an analysis of lar historiCal works in Ukrain-i As before, under Tsarism. he was tical part played by /Hrushevsky monographs devoted to such and ian RusaiaI1 and French. His illus-! deported to Moscow and St. Peters- ended too rapidly at the beginning such an epoch or problem of Ukrain- trated ШвІ0гу of Ukraine in one burg. But that was his real decline- of 1918. It was the coup d etat of ian history; there were still too many volume is very highly appreciated in he lost his strength and vigour and Skoropadsky that overthrew him. gaps in the knowledge of our past. that country. There is also a single і he became blind. He lived in great Later, after the reestablishment of Hrushevsky, then, relied directly on volume of Hrushevsky's History j ™sery, maintained by his wife and democracy in Ukraine under the j the original documents, which he ex- j translated into French. In making} his daughter Catherine who. like him Directory, and throughout a long and amined with care, and of which he this rapid sketch of Hrushevsky's І was a remarkable student of socio- bitter war against ^ed Moscow,: gave a masterly criticism both in his workt one mu8t not omit hi8 course | logy. When he was at the end of Hrushevsky was no longer prominent, fundamental history and in his spe-1 of socioiogyyf "Pochatky Hromadian- j his strength, the Soviet Government The daring struggle which Ukraine і cial studies. ; stva/. which shows the full 8COpe I allowed him to go to Kislovodsk, and ] had to conduct called for simple tor- His work not only giveg a detaifed of his scientific work. it is in that Caucasian watering place mulas, demanded a line of action com-! account of all the political history of which he loved and Where he had prehensible for the whole people. | Ukraine. Whole volumes are devoted The Master Scholar lived with his father in childhood, Hrushevsky was too complex for that, j to the cultural development of the To the portrait of Hrushevsky as і that his life came to an end. The at the same time not firm enough to country, its social, economic and juri-1 statesman and historian must needs і Soviet Government, with a sort of stand for a sole single political con­ dical problems be added that of Hrushevsky as a | irony, now allowed his remains to ception, to become a man of single great organizer of the scientific and be carried back to Kiev, idea. It is impossible in this short His Historical Thesis cultural life of the Ukrainian people. I Thus ended this extraordinary life, notice to make clear all the moral! It is also Hrushevsky who has Educated at the University of Kiev, I so full, so abundant. Wherever he and political tragedy of Hrushevsky. Lmentincally established the setting it is there he began his academic passed, life sprang up. He waS an Here we can only state the final re-1 of the history of his ^^ He ^ career. On the recommendation of inspiration. Those who had the pleas- suit. Simon Petlura took his place opposed to tho8e who treat Ukraine his master, Vladimir Antonovich, he | ure of knowing him and of being as the spiritual leader of the Uk-|ag a sort of annexe to the history | became in 1804 Professor at the | near him will always retain their rain ian people. і 0f Russia. The Russian historians, | University of Lviw, where during the memory of the sparkling intelligence, Hrushevsky finished his political from Karamzin onwards, have studied і Austrian domination he was able to j the admirable spirit of Hrushevsky] career at the point which finishes the Russian history as begining with that I lecture in Ukrainian. He was at once so kindly and so full of that humour great awakening of the Ukrainian of the principality of Kiev in the і elected president of the Learned So-* which is characteristic of the people people, when a nation already con­ 10th and 13th centuries, and haveiciety of Shevchenko at Lviw, and that gave Nicholas Gogol to the scious of itself is beginning to seek thus followed the tradition of the .there soon proved that he possessed; world. A great historian, a great for practical ways of accomplishing old Muscovite annalists, who regarded і exceptional energy and an organizing j Ukrainian, has now in his turn its ideal. Hrushevsky remained above history from the viewpoint of the talent of quite the first order. In a • passed into history. It is history- all a great "awakener," one of the dynastic principle, for they simply few years he succeeded in founding! that will have to judge his actions great precursors of the resurrection followed out the story of the dynas- a whole school of his pupils, and he and his life, so full of devotion ini of Ukraine, whom we do not hesitate j ty of Ruric, with his descendants in well knew how to utilize all those j the service of his country. Ukraine. UKRAINE AND FRANCE SHEVCHENKO AND PUSHKIN'S j By BR. M. HA¥DAK TO THE SLANDERERS OF RUSSIA By PROF. CLARENCE A. MANNING If ANY centuries ago the peoples of its freedom. If France * helps Uk- j Ukraine and France already raine, the latter would play the main; knew of each other. Probably none role in the liberation of- ail the і "jl/|UCH has been made in various he employs Pushkin's metaphor but of those Ukrainians, who call' the**-, Slavic, peoples who are suffering un-| Russian studies of the admira­ with a strikingly different connota­ selves "Rusins," are aware of the. der the Muscovite yoke." These tion of Taras Shevchenko, the great­ tion, for he speaks of the Slavonic fact that this name originated with) agents warned also "not to connect est Ukrainian poet, for the works of sea into which the Slavonic rivers are the Ruthenian tribe of Celts who the question of the Ukrainian revolu- JAlexande r Pushkin. There was in­ to run. Thus we read: "The Slavonic long ago wandered into the Ukrain-i tion with the plans of the Polish pa­ deed the tribute of one great poet rivers flowed into one sea" (11. 54-55) iaa steppes from Southern France, і triots, because it would ruin . all і to another but Shevchenko's admira­ after the reawakening of the Slavs established themselves on the shores France's efforts f the population of і tion did not extend to all of Pushkin's and of their sense of brotherhood. . of the Azov sea and then gained con­ Ukraine distrusts, the Poles. If works and ideas. There was a pro- ( In an apostrophe to Safarik, he speaks trol of the Ukrainian lands. France helps Ukraine then a new found difference of opinion between again of "Your new Slavonic sea" (1. friendly republic will arise in the Shevchenko; who felt himself and his 60 ff.) and finaHy he says: "Glory to Not only was there a lively com­ ones free land of the Kozaks and people enslaved by Russia as well as you, Safarik, because you* called into mercial intercourse of the Ukrainians' the name of the French Republic will by the tsars, and Pushkin who could one sea the Slavonic rivers" (11. 69- with the Srench, but the Ukrainian forever live in the hearts of the Uk­ not help but thrill t» the advance 71). There can be no doubt that in princes also maintained friendly re-! rainians." of Russian arms. The Russian poet these passeges the poet is directly lations with French rulers, as is\ in 1831 expressed his feelings in the challenging the idea of Pushkin that evident from the fact that in the 11th- At that period many books on ! well-known poem To the Slanderers Russia must be the ultimate home century one of the Prince. Yaroslav s the Ukrainian question appeared. It of Russia, in which he defied the foes of all the Slavs. daughters* Anna, was married to j is of interest to note that the at-j of his country to attack her or even' В. H. Khutoretska (Pushkin і Henry I, the king of France, titude of the leaders of the French j to condemn her because of the sup­ Shevchenko, in Velyky Revolyutsioner, After her husband's death andi Revolution toward the Poles was' pression of the Polish revolt of that Odessa, 1939, p. Ill) makes a great during the childhood of her son, Phil- decidedly unfriendly. year. In this poem he used the cele­ deal of the similarity of the views of Hp I, Anna ruled the kingdom. How­ brated words, "ShaH the Slavonic Pushkin and Shevchenko as to the ever, this was the only instance of Napoleon's Interest streams flow into the Russian sea?. Caucasus and the spirit of the un­ a close dynastic relation in the early Napoleon himself was very much Or shall it dry up? That is the ques- j civilized people there. It is hardly history of the two nations. interested щ Ukraine and read all tion." (1* 13-14). Later on he, accurate, for in the Caucasus, Shev­ Nevertheless, in the following cen­ the- available literature on the Uk­ says: "Will not the Russian land arise chenko fully takes the side of the turies commercial and cultural "in­ rainian question. He even ordered from Perm to Tavrida, from the cold people of the area who were strug­ tercourse continued to exist between his minister to Russia to send him rocks of Finland to .the flaming Kol- gling against Russia and says ironical­ Ukraine and France. We find re­ a detailed memorial on "The land khida (Golchis), from the shaken; ly, "From the Moldavian to the Finn ferences to the French merchants near the Black and Azov seas/' Na­ Kremlin to the walls of immovable everything is silent in all languages, coming to Kiev and the Ukrainian poleon's ambassador to Constantino­ China, gleaming with a bristle of for . . . it is happy." (11. 92-94). It is traders travelling to France. It was ple entertained a delegation of the bayonets?" (11. 37-42). an answer to the proud boasts of also nothing unusual to find students Zaporozhian Kozaks and promised, in As is well known, in his poems Pushkin in To the Slanderers ef Rus­ from Ukraine enrolled in the Paris the name of the Emperor, to restore from 1843 to his arrest in 1847, sia. The whole tone of the Ukrainian University soon after its establish­ the old traditions and liberties of Shevchenko was decidedly critical of poem is strikingly opposed to that ment. the Ukrainian Kozaks. On the order the Russian state. He expressed it in of Pushkin's Prisoner of the Caucasus, of Napoleon several books dealing which is a typically Byronic poem and It is true, however, that political | preface to his edition of the Kobzar with history, culture and commercial which was to appear in 1847 but was which ends with the definite glorify­ interest in Ukraine was revived on­ possibilities of Ukraine were writ­ ing of the Russian conquest as a ly when France was looking for prevented by his arrest. At the same ten and published by prominent time, he was under the influence of means of putting an end to the dis­ some allies in the time of distress. French scientists and statesmen. The orders in the mountains. This is not surprising. National pol­ the movement for a Slavonic brother­ office of the foreign affairs of the hood as outlined by the Czech poet^ Pushkin's patriotic poem had icies are almost always selfish and French Republic published a journal an interest in the friendship of some Jan Kollar, and as expounded by aroused hostility among some of the in which the Ukrainian question was various other scholars as Pavel Josef Russian liberals and certainly among heretofore "unimportant" nation is і brought to the fore. stimulated by a possibility of help Safarik. thePoles. Despite Shevchenko's dislike or profit that such friendship may Napoleon did not favor the Poles. I for the Polish state, his hostility to Shevchenko Opposed Pan-Russian Russia was far deeper and he could provide. According to one of his generals, і Idea "since the Emperor learned more; not resist the temptation to express French statesmen admired the It is interesting that in his first it, when he had the opportunity to prowess of the Ukrainian Kozaks, and about Poland he lost aH the interest! in that nation." Napoleon was also; poem on a non-Ukrainian theme, the pay tribute to the dreams of Slavonic in one instance (beginning of the 17th Heretic, Shevchenko treated the burn­ brotherhood or to nations struggling century) the French minister to Con­ against the Polish claims for the! Ukrainian lande. His opinion of Mus-1 ing of Jan Hue at the Council of for their freedom against Russian at­ stantinople "who himself witnessed Constance. In a long introduction to tacks, even if Ukraine was not direct­ the Kozak expedition, spared no covy was entirely negative. While in exile he wrote: "The Muscovites are the poem written in 1846, he dedi- ly involved. The examples here cited \words of praise for the bravery of : cates it to Safarik, the author of Die may seem small but the deserve more the Kozaks, and advised his govern­ barbarians who do not have the fa­ therland. My memory will be res­ ; Geschichte der slavischen Sprache consideration than they have re­ ment to have no hesitation in spend­ und Litcratur and the Slavonic An- ceived in determining the relations ing fifty thousands dollars on the pected when these northern bar­ barians will rule the whole Europe." i iiqu it it's. It is not without significance between the greatest poet of Russia Ukrainian forces in order to keep that three times in this introduction and the greatest poet of Ukraine. the Turkish fleet occupied and to Later, however, France became a prevent it from entering the Mediter­ friend of Russia and the Ukrainian ranean Sea, where the Turks were question was forgotten. When in ! force than that which I today rely at that time fighting against Spain, 1917 the Ukrainian National Repub­ What They Say upon from the people of the Philip- the ally of France." lic came into being, the attitude of | pines. It is a support whose strength the French statesmen was rather un­ " 'і is measured largely in values of the Orlyk's Efforts to Gain French Help friendly. This for the most part was President Franklin D. Roosevelt in spirit, an unconquerable spirit which When the relations between France due to the type of information which his Philadelphia address: despite the ordeal of war, still re­ and Russia became strained, the the French received from the Po­ "May this country never forget mains unbroken and defiant. Such a French government in 1727 entered lish and Russian circles. Neverthe­ spirit, born of a desire and nurtured that its power in this war has come ! in a closer relation with Hetman less France was the first of the Allies from the efforts of its citizens, liv-! upon a determination to be free, in- Pilip-Orlyk, the successor of Hetman to recognize the Ukrainian Republic ing in freedom and equality... May | evitably overwhelms material force, Mazepa. Gregory Orlyk, son of the and to send its representative to this country hold in piety and stead­ ! however ruthlessly applied, and rises Hetman, was in the military-diplo­ Kiev. On the other hand, it was on fast faith those who have battled j to its heights when the hour for matic service of the French king, the insistence of France that Western and died to give it new opportunities j liberation strikes." Louis XV, and had a great influence Ukraine was assigned to Poland in for service and growth ... May it Sumner Welles, former Undersecre­ on the French ruler. As a result of 1923. Although such prominent French marshal its righteous wrath against the French diplomatic intervention leaders as Painleve, Herriot, Bloom tary of State, and author of "The those who would divide it by racial Time for Decision," before the in Turkey Hetman Orlyk, who lived and others protested against the in­ r struggles ... Finally, may this coun­ book and author luncheon in New there in exile, was allowed the organ­ justices done to the Ukrainians by try always give its support to those York City: ization of a military force for the the Polish government, the official who have engaged with us in the liberation of Ukraine. Unfortunate­ attitude of the French government war against oppression and who will "It seems to me that at the present ly France was unsuccessful in this toward the Ukrainians during the re­ continue with us in the struggle for | moment all aspects of foreign policy game and consequently lost her in­ cent period was rather unfriendly or a vital, creative peace ... And so I are necessarily subordinate to one terest in the Ukrainian question, in indifferent. say God Bless the United States of j great question ... whether the people spite of the efforts of Gregory Or­ What will be the relation between America." I of the United States are going to lyk to maintain it. Ukraine and France in the coming Senator Robert F. Wagner in a speech decide that the safety and welfare of Interest in the Ukrainian affairs years is hard to to say. The tradi­ in New York City: this nation require the assumption by was again revived by the end of the tional love for liberty and the respect our country of its full measure of 18th century, at the time of the for human rights so strongly ad­ "Today, we are emerging from an­ world responsibility, and that it must French revolution. The new France hered to by both people should pro­ other crisis in the life of our nation consequently take part in the im­ was very sympathetic to the strivings vide a common ground for the mutual —a crisis created by the madness of mediate future in an international or­ our enemies. Today, your sons and of the Ukrainians for freedom'. Ar­ understanding and cooperation be­ ganization which can maintain world mine are fighting to make this na­ chives of the department of foreign tween the Ukrainian and French re- peace ... and insure human liberty affairs of the French Republic con­ tion secure against the recurrence ; publics. and human security ... The overpow­ tain many documents illustrating the of war." St. Paul, Minn. ering question in solely this: Whether great interest of French statesmen і in the Ukrainian question and their General Mac Arthur's radio message our country today through interna­ desire that "the tree of liberty would to patriots of the Philipines be­ tional cooperation, goes forward to> begin to bloom in Kiev again." The fore its recent American invasion: a better future, or whether by return- French government had special I ing to isolation, it reverts to a course "Seldom has a military commander 1 agents in Ukraine who informed that I penetrated enemy - occupied shores from which it, and rest of the world, *The Kozak nation still remembers j with a greater potential of interior have reaped only disaster." UKRAINIAN WEEKLY, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 18. 1944 No. 45 UKRAINICA IN AMERICA -THE GREAT MASTER'S WORTHY PUPIL

By SIMON DEMYDCHUK >|")MYTRO Levytsky—an article on і Fet-Aii-Murea Kuli-Khan, the brother (Continued) (4) j^-^hom appeared here last week—Jo* the Shah of Persia, The Russian art critic, N. Taras- A Circes Performance of "Mazeppa"! to mention that the theatre was left behind hWa whole school of sov, says of Borovykovsky: crowded in every nart Seats and Dainter8' of whom none *** equal to *pHE new York Public Library, in і crowded m every pan. aeaw ana another Ukrainian, Volodimir Boro- "In his portraits, the pensive and November, 1935, arranged an ex­ passage ways were bemg alike oc-|vykovsky who ehare8 with his mas, deep talent of Borovykovsky reveals, hibit of manuscripts, prints and other cupied by immense mass of humanity. ter the honor of gtarting modern through the outward covering, finely relics to commemorate the centen­ The Menken was well received—she painting among eastern Slavs. painted, the nature and character of the sitters, and the more complex the nial of the birth of Mark /Twain. never looked better on her trans-1 _. . ,. . _, . . . _ У іппег M tte mffher ri8e8 Borovy Among the articles exhibited was a Atlantic tour - having greatly im-'. $£Ш ^T#% L^^T "° ' photograph of Adah Isaaks Menken "L Г -in the town of Myrhorod, ш the|kovakv»e inaniration К in the role of Mazeppa. The photo proved her general appearance .. As province o{ Poltava) ^„^ m іШ | °^оп^~Шепі raises Bo- showed Miss Menken in a reclining we have given extracts from the van- He was thus 23 years younger than | rovvkovskv abeve the mass of co£ position, resting on a shield which ous papers on the subject of Menken I i+vytijky. In his artistic education і temporary Russian painters and gives anexceDd het rtha Mazeppt the atheatr we wile l wasays no morckede he was entirel took y to of another genera-jhim one of the u£t piaces ^оп§ was attached to her left forearm,і P* *»» ЩШ L Pointing in later; them ь the epoch of mchoate Rus- and with a sword in her right hand.jevery ni*ht and the matinee la8t yeai?' Hll-Tl Л^ІЛГ ^=8Іап art' he ****** a ** and ma' An exnlanatorv card olaced under' Saturday was immense... Menken is service, which he lefV with the rank;ture master. In the epoch of imita- 1 the the photo reaZ '\Adah Iwaks MenMen-!*™ * sensation of the day and of alieutenant to> settlein hisnative tion, of pseudo-classicism and of tend- the photo read: "Adah Isaaks ;j th-.Ma2eppa7 ^ ^ gWen ^ the town and to devote himself exclusive- j ^c"l^to"^utifV Mture. Biii^kov- ken both in Virginia and San Fran- < Broadway until further notice." у to painting. Hie; first teacher is un-; aky imitates nobody, but treads his чявео. He [Twain] first ****£\Щ^ч^ШШі Chpper pro. ^own The first known reference toSo^ ^ own individu. N W Y С1фЈà P she was playing Mazeppa at the Vir- ™*" f * y * °^ ^ Borovykovsky connects him with the alit anJ £ve8 inft ^ ^ of his ginia Opera House. In a letter home eMJ: • ^m ™* of the Empress Catherine П to traits models of me re&Usm &nd he wrote that he had taken her liter- ™* following poem of the origin- Ukrame, m 1787. The local nobility,: worka of profoulfd truth and accom. al ary works to criticize." On the right і Mazeppa by one, who affects to, anxious to decorate the rooms of the|pliahed perfection." side of the photograph there wasjbave been there, may not be unin-, empress during her sojourn in Myr-| Another critic of Russia arts, Alex- another remark "Adah Isaaks Men-! testing at the present time: jhorod, engaged Borovykovsky to paint {andre ВеаШ^ m hia .І (by one who was there and conse-1 Catherine's attention. One of the "In St. Petersburg he found en­ Mazeppa. She was the friend of! quently knows all about it) j pictures represented the empress as r tirely different tastes from those many literary and artistic men of jn the Ukraine there has lived a explaining her orders to Greek sav- ^jch J^gned" whenі levytsky "had the period including Swinburne. Dick- fearful old man. I™**; another pictured Tsar Peter I moved to the ^р^ The imitation ад a тпгеая took а likin* to the ? atuation for classi- and ian Hetman in his younger days. When in a passion. he frothed atLJ^^^^^r^t^^'^ ™*™ grandeur. Highly bound naked to a horse, and sent to «~ , *W» ?2ї!? ^JS^^^11?!^!.©**"^ dresses, picturesque hair- bound naked to a horse, and sent to the mouth." painter, Borovykovsky, be brought his doom into the Ukrainian steppes dressing, gorgeous combinations of There follow 12 other stanzas with before»her, invited him to come to gauze, tinsel and spangle, had gradu­ by a Polish courtier who wanted re- „ similar humor St. Petersburg. The Ukrainian artist ally disappeared. Fortunately, Bo- venge. This incident, it is worth not­ More reviews in the same style followed the call and was soon en-' rovykoV8ky had the adventage if be- ing, is purely a figment, of Byron's were printed in other New York trenched in the Russian capital. He ing in his early youth a pupil of Le­ imagination. The story of Mazeppa papers then, such as Tribune, World, entered the Academy of Arts and vytsky, the guardian of the old tra- became a pupil of Lampi. It was not m Qwin fo Шв circumstance received more serious and truthful Heraldf Express, Daily News, Eve- treatment by the French writers Vic- Sunday Atlas, from his official teacher however. he formed for mm8elf and ning Post that he learned the most, but from ^^ $&&£ tor Hugo and Voltaire, especially the uu fchatu ПС richП mannemanner r oor f am xor nugo ana vouaire. especially tne The play repeatedly performed in his nrivate adviser and fellow Uk P d th&t |ctu e8que design that re- latter, who mentioned that Mazeppa New York after periodical lapses of minian Levytsky Under the latter's ^ P r M pi had excelled in a campaign against xvml years. ^e ^th the ^.„e Шиеп^е he beea^ne a portrait paint. ^™" ^ n ^? the defects of C ,dneee and the Tartars. This inspired the Eng- success but ^ІЬ changed personnel er, painting not only on order but atiffnST and ІнГт f| ^ lish writer Henry Milner to write a in the cast and almost invariablv it painting voluntarily any face that ^^ЛШ^ howevTtWs stiffness romantic drama, Mazeppa or The met ^ІЬ the hlghest praise. In the appealed to him. In 1795 he became ^дарреаг^ completely and then Bo- a Wild Horse of the Tartars." which fNew York) Niblos. "the official and member of the Academy, and in rovykovsky showed aH his Southern' 02 a createdl a sensation in England and only paper published bv this theatre" Jf Councillor of the Academy. good.nature| ^ led mth such a e amted the membe of the co urt subsequently in America. This was we find an announcement for the Jf P ^ ™ 1 . : delicate understanding of life and the tsarina е miuter presented like a circus performance week ending September 7. 1878, , ; ^ y» religious beauty that these> unf0rtunately few exam with nobles, soldiers, and Tartars. about: ..Miss Fanny j^uise Bucking- *£L ^^J^TZh* ^S^LSS P^es of his work, are on the and amidst great tumul^ level with the portraits of pears, bound to a wild horse. In an(J ^ fa ^ ^ trace of ft ^ Peonages ot time. Levytsky. Among these masterpieces these the best known are the the first lace is he Vicksburg. Miss., a poster announcing New Yofk Evidentlv with сьаПеіпе P ^ by the poetical 5 8 the performance of Milner's "Mazep- f. aoe .' . /.. ... ^, partraits of Catherine U, those of portraits of the beautiful Princes _м —^ „>и A.,^: 1 >u~ „««. ' ! the Russian poet Derzhavin, of Prince Suvorov in the Tretyakov Gallery; pa" read, "the production of the very p,ay fel| ^ oblivion. eminently successful drama, founded Kurakin, Metropolitan Michael, Prince to those also belong the portraits of (To be continued) on Byron's 'Mazeppa' as performed * Lopukhin-Troschinsky, and that of Countess Bezborodko with her daugh­ ters, that of the charming Mme. Lo- with most distingished success in pukhyn, and others." York, Philadelphia, Washington, Bal­ timore, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Nashville. Did Religious and Historical Paintings, St. Louis, Louisville. Natches. etc. SPREAD THE TRUTH ABOUT Too and will this evening (Tuesday, Jan. In contrast to Levytsky, who was 1, 1839] be produced with ail the UKRAINE a portrait painter exclusively, Boro­ original music, new scenery, costumes, Read and Make Known the Contents vykovsky liked also to paint religi­ decorations, properties, etc." ous and historical paintings. Many After getting acquainted with To Everyone Possible churches in Ukraine and Russia Milner's phantastic drama one can OF THE FOLLOWING AUTHORITATIVE BOOKS possessed examples of his religious see at once that the similarity be­ IN ENGLISH ON*UKRAINE AND UKRAINIANS art. Some critics admire these paint­ tween its plot and Byron's poetical ings as much as they do his portraits. Others, like Benois, in his work narrative lies only in the appearance quoted above, think that in his reli­ of young Mazeppa, bound to a horse. 1. A HISTORY OF UKRAINE, by Michael Hrushevsky, pub­ lished by the Yale University Press S4.00 gious art, which requires the most Otherwise the Milner's play is en­ concentrated feelings and the deepest tirely different from Byron poem. 2. UKRAINIAN LITERATURE. Studies of the Leading Au­ penetration, Borovykovsky produced The reviews of the performances thors, by Prof. Clarence A. Manning, published by Harmon nothing remarkable. Printing House •....„ $1.50 of the play were always highly laud­ Borovykovsky died in 1826. His atory. According to them the play 3. BOHDAN HETMAN OF UKRAINE, by Prof. George Ver- pictures, though not always in the was a real "talk of the town" in narisky, published by the Yale University Press $2.50 perfect state of preservation, betray every locality in which it was per­ 4. SPIRIT OF UKRAINE, Ukrainian Contributions to World's a simply uncanny color technique formed from 1839 to US78. In the Culture, by D. Snowyd „ ' $1.00 which makes the Russian critic A. New York Clipper, "the oldest Amer- Щ 5. UKRAINE, AN ATLAS OF ITS HISTORY AND GEO- Petrushevsky express sorrow that ican Sporting and Theatrical Journal" ^ GRAPHY, by Prof. G. W. Simpson, published by the Oxford Borovykovsky had not left behind of Saturday, May 12, 1866, we read University Press ^ „ ' $0.50 him a description of his color tech­ 6. UKRAINIANS IN THE 0NITED STATES, by Wasyl Ha- nique, to which he attributes 'the the following: unusual freshness of his colors even і lich. published by the Chicago University Press . .„ „. $2.50 'Theatrical Sensation" in the pictures ravaged by old age • • • and ill treatment. "The theatrical sensation of the • All these books and others may be obtained at the • past week has been the appearance •pf Adah Menken at the Broadway SVOBODA BOOKSTORE WOULD YOU GIVE $100 TO BRING Theatre in her great specialty of, 81-83 Grand Street (P. O. Box 846) Jersey City 3, N. J. VICTORY NEARER?—YOUR PUR­ *Mazeppa/ It was on Monday eve CHASE OF A *10ft WAR гоШ on April 30. It is scarcely necessary 1CAY TURN,THE TR1GK! UKRAINIAN WEEKLY, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER IS, 1944 Я —W•HIHIIHUIM TTTPTIWIWIMIW—IMWHIIIIII И I III тигяитеушадд 5Г^* Hetman- Sahaydachny Among The White UKRAINIAN G.I. VKRAOTMMIIS IN AFRICA By ALEXANDER YAREMKO By HONOBE EWACH If you haven't seen my **Uke-Ran- Supplementing the several long let­ doms" column in recent weeks it was I ATELY I met an elderly White and White Ruthenia still remained ters describing North Africa that because I presented some facts about *** Ruthenian who a few years be- under the same political and eco-appeared on these pages during the Sidney whose second name is Hill- fore the outbreak of the present war nomic system, and they were closely past several months are the two fol­ man and somewhat criticized the in Europe had settled in the province bound by religious and cultural ties. lowing recent brief ones, sent by an Roosevelt Administration which this of Manitoba among the Ukrainian During the first Kozak revolts against American soldier of Ukrainian de­ paper's editor censored. This I could farmers. We an interesting chat, j Poland in 1593-1596 such Ukrainian scent stationed somewhere in North not understand particularly in view I plied him with many questions. Kozak leaders as Kossin?kv and N<»- Afrjca to his brother in the Navy, of the fact that the editor some Being a well-read and intelligent man, і lyvayko fought against the Polish and forwarded by the latter to theweek s ago extended an open invita­ my friend, the White Ruthenian,|fij"*** lords °°*п m Ukraine and Weekly for publication: tion to readers to express their opinions in connection with the elec­ gave me some very interesting an-j^bke Ruthenia, No wonder that October 10, 1944 swers to my questions. j White then regarded Uk- tion. No such letters were seen in "When I settled a few years ago krainian Kozaks as their defenders, Dear Mike: print. But now that the election is among Ukrainian farmers down here," too. No doubt, there were many Greetings. How are you? Гт fine over (the popular vote gave FDR a my White Ruthenian aeffuainatnee White Rutheniansin the ranks of and hope the same is true with you. narrow margin over Dewey) and began his story, "I was pleasantly the Kozaks. Later, during the great For the past two weeks we've had Christmas not far away, let there be surprised that I could so well under­ revolt of the Kozaks under Hetman rain pretty nearly every day. I've I peace on earth and good will among stand the language spoken by my Bohdan Khmelnitsky in 1648, thesee n an American C-47 with the big. men! new neighbors. It was only now and southern part of White Ruthenia be- Russian Red Star on it. Was prob- j [It is true that we extended an in* then that 1 heard a word which was came an mtegral part of the Ukrain- j aWy hend.hease^ likewise saw a tation for views on the presidential not intelligible to me. And, it seems, tan Kozak KepubUc. From lo72 to'Russian officer who was probably the candidates, but the few we received I am also well understood by my M pilot of the plane. He most likely were of such extreme partisan nature Ukrainian neighbors. But what sur­ lived on very intimate cultural and came directly from Moscow. The Rus-! that we did not deem them suitable prised me most, when I went to a"religiou s terms with the White Ru- sian officer sure looked sharp with | for publication in this weekly. — concert given in the Ukrainian com-1 thenJans,un^er J^oland* From then:his colorful uniform and big leather;Editor.]. n the munity hall, was the fact that Uk> J both suffered oppression un- boots. Football is with us again and we rainians sang some of the folk songs'der the Russ,an t8ars- Anyway, it *в"м<шо °*"*б «««ч "* и» *«ч 6 was durinc the Kozak neriod in the і ашсе Dein8 ,n ^ortn Amca, і nave! nna таї лгту ana i\avy іеаа tne had the ІІІГІШП^^&ПУ^ btotary of Ukraine thaVthe White І opportunity to travel and see field with Michigan and Ohio State Stt^lfiS^^ and Ukrainians failed! тапУ "Cresting things and places., as runners-up. Notre Dame took a city of Minsk. True, the Ukrainian! narrow margin to become * have v™ted Oran, Casablanca.!shellacking from the Army and the j 0ran back A1 ers singers on the stage pronounced the /^ ,e nation That exnlains whv ****** ^ ^ the I Navy just as are the Nazis and the the son* erent- ^^ R * jJ f airport there, Constantine, Maison Japs, respectively. This season, as in ly than we do in White Ruthenia, the ut nenian8 8t 3 sing 0 BlancK the Ukrainian Kozak heroes as if they ( « a*rfid