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Revisão Taxonômica E Filogenia De Pamphorichthys Regan, 1913

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Revisão Taxonômica E Filogenia De Pamphorichthys Regan, 1913 CarlosA ugusto Assumpção de Figueiredo Revisão taxonômica e filogenia de PamphorichthysRegan, 1913 (Cyprinodontiformes; Poeciliidae) 1 Dissertação apresentada à Coordenação de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em CiênciasBiológicas - Zoologia. Riode Janeiro 1997 u CarlosA ugusto Assumpçãode Figueiredo Revisãotaxonômica e filogenia de PamphorichthysRegan, 1913 (Cyprinodontiformes;Poeciliidae) n 0 Dissertação apresentada à Coordenação de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em 0 n Ciências Biológicas- Zoologia. Rio de Janeiro 1997 111 (' (' Carlos Augusto Assumpção de Figueiredo Revisão taxonômica e filogeniade Pamphoricht!!JsRegan, 1913 (Cyprinodontifoones;Poeciliidae) Banca Examinadora: Prof. Paulo Andreas Buckup (Presidente da Banca) Prof. MárioC. C. de Pinna Prof. Ricardo Campos-da-Paz n n Rio de Janeiro, 15 de dezembro de 1997 ( ' 1V Trabalho realizado no Laboratório de Ictiologia Geral e Aplicada, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Orientador: Wilson José Eduardo Moreira da Costa Laboratório de !etiologia Geral e Aplicada, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. V Ficha Catalogci.fica de Figueiredo, CarlosA ugusto Assumpção Revisão taxonômica e filogeniade Patllphorichtl!JsRega.ri, 1913 (Cyprinodontiformes;Poeciliidae). Rio de Janeiro. UFRJ,Museu Nacional,1997. xii, 139p. Dissertação: Mestre em Ciências Bioiógicas (Zoologia) 1.Sistemática2.Filogenia 3. Biogeografia4. Pamphorichtl!Js5.Poeciliidae 6.Teses Universidade Pederal do Rio de Jane.iro- Museu Nacional Teses , ) � Vl "' � r\ r\ r\ � I\ � n r\ Vil Agradecimentos Carla Codeço Coelho foico-responsável por viabilizar a elaboração desta dissertação. Sua ajuda foiimprescindível em todos os aspectos. Na parte prática do trabalho ajudou na viagem de coleta ao Pará e Amazonas, passando a limpo algumas ilustrações e revezando na impressão dos exemplares noite a dentro. Sob o aspecto pessoal, seu apoio moral, sua sabedoriasempre presente e em momentos extremos, seu colo macio, ajudaram a manter-mefirme em meu propósito. Meus agradecimentosa esta mulher não caberiam nas páginasdeste volume... Wilson Costa soube enxergar em mim o potencial que eu desconhecia e mostrou-se disposto a desenvolver este potencial. A ele devo a oportunidade de abraçar minha carreira plenamente. Agradeço também aos meus colegas de laboratório, Alessandra Sarraf, CristianoMoreir a, Fábio Puppo, Felipe Autran, Isabel Landim, Marcelo Britto, Ricardo "Galo" Campos-da-Paz e Ricardo Zaluar pelo companheirismo e pelas frutíferas discussões científicas. Cristiano Moreira é o autor da fotode Pamphorichtl!Jsaraguaiensis na capa. Aos professores, Décio Moraes Jr, Érica P. Caramaschi, Inácio Domingos Neto, Paulo Andreas Buckup, Ricardo Vieira e Ricardo ''Bamey'' dos Reis pelo auxílio prestado em diferentes técnicas utilizadas. A Felix, Evandro, Teresa, Luciano, Carol, Urbano e Silmara, Luciana, Laura, Alberto e Cândida, Alexandre e Fabiana, todos que de alguma forma contribuíram para tomar a viagem ao norte do Brasilinesquecível. Aos amigos André Suppa e Carlos Eduardo Goulart que junto comigo sonharam ser cientistas e tomaram o sonho realidade. À turma 88/1, 89/1 e periféricos pelos anos de alegre e construtivo convívio. A Adhemar e Silny, meus pais, que acreditando em minha capacidade me fizeram chegar até onde cheguei. Ao Tio Paulo que hospedou e cuidoudos exemplares vivos de Pamphorichtl!Jse em cujo exemplo de amor a natureza me mirei. A Paulo e Luciene pelo apoio incansável e sem restrições que me ofereceram como a um filho. A Marcella Ruiz e Eliane Bettocchi pelas aulas de computação e design gráficos. Aos membros da banca examinadora, Dr. Mário de Pinna, Dr. Paulo Buckup, Dr. Ricardo Campos-da-Paz e Dr. Gustavo Nunnan. A todos aqueles que de alguma forma contribuíram para meu desenvolvimento pessoal e científico e que, conhecendo minha memória,me perdoarão por não terem sido citados. Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida com o apoio da CAPES e FUJB. n Vill Resumo Pamphorichtl!Js é diagnosticado com base em vinte e sete caracteristicas apomórficas, principalmente das nadadeiras pélvicas. Entre as autapomorfias do gênero, onze são caracteres redutivos decorrentes da miniaturização das espécies. As espécies integrantes do gênero são: Pamphorichtl!Js minor (Garman), P. scalpridens (Garman), P. hollandi (Henn), P. ha.semani (Henn) e P. araguaiensisCosta. Limiahetemndria Rega.o é confirmada como membro de Limia com base em três sinapomorfias, ao contrário de estar próxima a Pamphorichtl!Jscomo sugerido por recentes autores. Pamphorichtl!Js ha.semani é o grupo irmão das demais espécies do gênero, que compõem uma tritomia formada por P. minor, P. araguaiensise P. scalpridens+ P. hollandi. A relação de grupo irmão entre Limia e Pamphorichtl?Js é corroborada por quatro sinapomorfias, três delas observadas pela primeira vez. É feita uma diagnose osteológica das espécies do gênero e cada uma das cinco espécies envolvidas é redescrita e diagnosticada. São apresentados mapas de distribuição geográfica,listas de sinonímia para as espécies e um histórico resumido da sistemática do gênero e de cada espécie em particular. 1X Abstract Pamphorichtf?ys'di agnosis is based on twenty-seven apomorphic character states, mainlyfrom the pelvic fins. Among the autapomorphies of the genus, eleven are reductive characters due to the species miniaturization. The included species are: Pamphorichtf?ys minor (Garman), P. scalpridens (Garman), P. ho//andi (Henn) and P. araguaiensis Costa Llmia heterandria Regan is confirmed as a member of Limiabased on three synapomorphies and not related to Pamphorichtf?ysas suggested by recent authors. Pamphorichtf?ys hasemani is the sister group of the other species in the genus, that comprises a trichotomy formed by Pamphorichtf?ysminor, P. araguaiensisand P. scalpndens+ P. ho/landi. The sister group relationship between Llmia and Pamphorichtf?ys is corroborated by four synapomorphies, three of them are new. An osteological description of the genus' species is provided and each species is redescribedand diagnosed. Distribution maps, synonymy lists, and a brief history of the genus and each species systematics are also provided. X Índice AGRADECIMENTOS......................................................................................................................................... VIl RESUMO........................................................................................................................................................ Vlll ABS1RACT....................................................................................................................................................... IX ÍNDICE.................. ............................................................................................................................................ X LISTA DE TABELASE FIGURAS ....................................................................................................................... XII IN"lRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................................................... 1 HISTÓRICO ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 MATERIAISE MÉTODOS.............................................................................................................................. 7 NOMENCLATURA.............................................................................................................................................. 7 NlliTOL)(JLOUlA.................................................................................................................................................. 7 Biometria..................................................................................................................................................... 8 A-,,.áfiseFi!ogenética ... ............................................................................................................................... 11 MATERIALEXAMINAOO .................................................................................................................................. 14 PARTE 1- ANÁLISE FILOGENÉTICA....................................................................................................... 21 LISTA DE CARACTERES.................................................................................................................................... 21 Neurocrânio.............................................................................................................................................. 21 Boca .......................................................................................................................................................... 21 Lacrimal .................................................................................................................................................... 23 Suspensório mandibular........................................................................................................................... 24 Arcos branquiais......................................................................................................................................
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