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NOTES CHAPTER I PRELUDE TO POETRY, PRE-1700-1885 (PAGES 1-17) 1. Information from family papers in the possession of Miss Lily Yeats. 2. W. Harris, 1be History and Antiquities ofDublin, p. 93 3. ]. T. Gilbert, A History of the City ofDublin, val. i, p. 346. 4.]. T. Gilbert, ibid., p. 350. 5.]. T. Gilbert, ibid., p. 354. 6. Miss Yeats obtained this information from the Genealogical Office, Dublin. It is impossible to decide which name is correct as the writing is blurred and blotted. 7. Number Fifteen. 8. Alexander Pope, Epilogue to the Satires, i, 70. 9.]. T. Gilbert, A History of the City ofDublin, val. iii, p. 350. 10. Subsequent information on the Butler connection is derived from family papers in the possession of Miss Lily Yeats. 11. Not much is known about the Huguenot connection. The scanty family information is that Claude Voisin married Catherine Ruaut (spelling uncertain) and emigrated to London, where his son Abraham Voisin, born in 1637, married Ann Heath (spelling again uncertain). Edward Butler had married their daughter Mary Voisin in 1696. (She was a friend of Stella, and was buried in Donnybrook Church, Dublin. See W. B. Yeats, Wheels and Butterflies, p. 7, and Pages from a Diary Written in 1930, p. 6.) 12. Their host was Gideon Tabuteau, of Southampton, Tullamore. 13. W. B. Yeats, Autobiographies, p. 20. 14. Two copies of the Almanack which were bought at a second-hand bookstall by Miss Lily Yeats provided the information incorrectly used in the '[Introductory Rhymes]' to Responsibilities, Collected Poems, p. 113. There was a family tradition that Benjamin's business failed. 15. He received his early education at Samuel Whyte's school in Grafton Street, Dublin. The Duke of Wellington was another (almost contemporary) pupil of the minor poet. 16. G. D. Burtchaell and T. U. Sadleir, Alumni Dublinenses. Confirmed by family papers. 17. The office was held by this family for five generations. See obituary notice of William Taylor, Dublin Evening Post, 8 July 1817. Other information from Miss Lily Yeats. 18. Rev. T. F. O'Rorke, History of Sligo: Town and County, val. ii, p. 27. 19. There is some difficulty in determining the correct dates for William Butler Yeats's birth and the time he spent at Dublin University. Burtchaell and Sadleir, Alumni Dublinenses, give the date of his birth as 1808, and his time at college as 1828-33 (B.A.). Hone, W B. Yeats, 186~1939, p. 5, gives his B.A. date as 1831. Miss Lily Yeats supported this date for his B.A., but gave the date of birth as 1806. It seems more reasonable to accept her dates, as William Butler Yeats became a curate in 1831 and must have taken his B.A. degree that year. Miss Yeats wrote to the Trinity College authorities to correct the dates given in Alumni Dublinenses on the evidence of family papers. 20. Cf.]. B. Yeats, Letters to His Son W B. Yeats and Others, p. 79, for an explanation of this: 'Sir W. Wilde never met me without asking for my Uncle and saying "Fancy Tom Yeats buried in Sligo." Tom Yeats was buried in Sligo because at his father's death he gave himself up to the immediate support of near relations-in those days women 276 Notes to pages 3-7 did not support themselves, and I could give you lots of other instances in our family.' 21. He lived with his Butler grandmother, who died in 1834. She supplied him with an allowance of two hundred pounds a year, kept a horse for him and provided many luxuries during his time at college. 22.]. B. Yeats, Early Memories: Some Chapters ofAutobiography, p. 39. 23. Her father was a Captain Armstrong who died in 1797; her mother a daughter of Colonel Young, of Lahard, Queen's County. Captain Armstrong was a nephew of Major-General Sir John Armstrong who died in 1742. Cf.]. B. Yeats, Letters to His Son W. B. Yeats and Others, p. 268. Cf. Cannon, Historical Record of the King's Liverpool Regiment qfFoot, pp. 374 and 441. Another relative was Bigoe Armstrong, Colonel of the 83rd, who died in his Wimpole Street house in 1794. The Corbets also provided soldier ancestors for the poet. William Corbet (1757-1824) married Grace Armstrong in County Cavan in 1791: the glamorous members of this family included Patrick Corbet, a Lieutenant in the 8th Madras Native Infantry, 'the possessor of a scarlet and bright yellow uniform laced with silver', who was created a Major on the field of battle, and later became Governor of Penang. Yeats has given a brief account of these relatives in Autobiographies, pp. 25 ff. 24. His wife's uncle, the Rev. Beattie, had retired in his favour. 25. W. B. Yeats, Last Poems and Plays, p. 51. 26. Oliver Edwards, 'W. B. Yeats and Ulster; and a thought on the future of the Anglo- Irish tradition', The Northman, val. xiii, no. 2, p. 16. 27.]. B. Yeats, Early Memories: Some Chapters ofAutobiography, p. 5. 28.]. B. Yeats, ibid., p. 2. 29.]. B. Yeats, ibid., p. 35. 30.]. B. Yeats, ibid., p. 6. 31. ]. B. Yeats, Essays Irish and American, p. 25. Cf. Early Memories: Some Chapters of Autobiography, p. 33. 32.]. B. Yeats, ibid., pp. 84 ff. 33. Robert Corbet had been a subaltern; when quartered at Hastings he had been in charge of a French officer. He and his prisoner enjoyed a round of balls and parties together. When he left the army he became a stockbroker, and eventually drowned himself after he had lost his money. 34.]. Hone, W. B. Yeats, 1865-1939, p. 13, is incorrect in stating that he was buried at Berwick. 35. William Middleton was 45 and had been married before. He was a smuggler with a depot in the Channel Isles, and carried most of his goods to and from South America, where he was once captured and made his escape by night under thrilling circumstances. The smuggling later petered out into a carrying trade in salt and general cargoes between Sligo and the Iberian Peninsula. 36. Information from family documents and from Lily Yeats's memories of family traditions. She had a family tree showing the Pollexfen connections with the Drake family. Sir Francis Drake, the third Baronet, married as his third wife Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Henry Pollexfen of Nutwell Court but it is not certain that the Sligo Pollexfens were connected with this Sir Henry Pollexfen. 37. Rev. T. F. O'Rorke, History, Antiquities and Present State of the Parishes of Ballysadare and Kilvarnet, in the County of Sligo, pp. 527-9. 38. W. B. Yeats, Autobiographies, p. 7. 39. W. B. Yeats, ibid., p. 17. 40. W. B. Yeats, ibid., p. 23. Cf. ]. B. Yeats, Early Memories: Some Chapters of Autobiography, p. 20. 41. This fact is not to he confirmed and rests upon hearsay. Terence de Vere White is of the opinion that]. B. Yeats devilled for Butt. (Cf. The Road of Excess, p. 161.) A passage in Early Memories: Some Chapters of Autobiography, p. 62, suggests that if Notes to pages 7-17 277 Yeats did work with Butt the association was not very important. ]. B. Yeats was called to the Irish Bar in 1866, and shortly before he left Dublin and law for London and art the butler at Sandymount Castle said to Butt: '"Now Sir, Mr Johnnie is a Barrister, and you ought to do something for him", and Butt answered "Michael, I will." And he did, in a way that, because of my resolution to go to England, was vain, but it would have been a substantial help to me.' 42.]. B. Yeats toW. B. Yeats. Cf.]. Hone, W B. Yeats, 1865-1939, p. 11. Cf. T. de Vere White, 7be Road ofExcess, pp. 287--8. 43.]. B. Yeats, letter in National Library, Dublin, to Frank MacDonagh, 16 April 1913. 44. W. B. Yeats, Autobiographies, p. 5. 45.]. B. Yeats, Essays Irish and American, p. 9. 46.]. B. Yeats, ibid., p. 14. 47. Letter to his wife from 23 Fitzroy Road, dated 1 November 1872. 48. Subsequent information on the Pollexfen household in Sligo was given to me by Lily Yeats, who allowed me to read her own unpublished memoirs on the subject and supplemented these in many cases with personal recollections. The description of Mrs Pollexfen is taken from these memoirs. 49. W. B. Yeats, Autobiographies, p. 18. 50. W. B. Yeats, ibid., p. 12. 51. W. B. Yeats, Collected Poems, p. 266. 52. Cf. Stephen Gwynn, Oliver Goldsmith, p. 21. 53. W. B. Yeats, Autobiographies, p. 25. 54. W. B. Yeats, ibid., p. 46. 55. W. B. Yeats, ibid., p. 27. 56. Letter to Katharine Tynan, 2 December 1891. 57. W. B. Yeats, Autobiographies, p. 30. 58.]. Hone, W B. Yeats, 1865-1939, p. 26. 59. W. B. Yeats, Autobiographies, p. 31. 60. Cf. W. B. Yeats, ibid., pp. 32-49, for the information on his experiences at the Godolphin School. 61. These documents were in the possession of Mrs W. B. Yeats. 62. W. B. Yeats, Autobiographies, p. 49. 63. The house still stands, the squireen referred to was a Mr Ormsby. 64. Oscar Wilde reacted in the same manner to schooling. See Hesketh Pearson, 7be Life of Oscar Wilde, pp. 18-19. Shaw's education at Wesley College, Dublin (it was then in the next street to Harcourt Street, on St Stephen's Green), produced the same comment. See Hesketh Pearson, Bernard Shaw: His Life and Personality, p.
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