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Local Experiments of Information Society and Community Networks

Joensuu, 25 March 2003

Jukka Oksa University of Karelian Institute

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Structure of presentation

1. Success story 2. Model 3. Problems of transfer 4. Conclusions 5. Frames for interpretation

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Uneven Development in Information Age (Manuel Castells)

Positive: Demand for highly qualified labour increases, which may put down barriers for social mobility.

Negative: Successful groups may forget the problems of poor in their own societies as they tend to please their well-to-do partners in other countries.

Fourth world is being constructed of the excluded and impoverished territories and populations, including parts of otherwise wealthy regions.

* * Net vs. Self (Manuel Castells)

Nothing may be done outside networks. Human and corporate lives are defined by projects.

Against this erosion of continuity stands up the ”Self". People strengthen their identity by putting emphasis on the particularities of place, ethnicity, nation, gender or religion.

* * The Key Question of Local Development How to mobilise in such a way that the the limited local local is connected to resources ... networks of a growing wave of development?

* * Location of North

* * Social Innovations Against Exclusion in Information Society

North-Karelia, Finland

First two telecottages in 1986

Information Society is one of the main priorities of Regional Development Plan: • NOKIS Strategy, EU RISI (Regional Information Society Initiatives). North-Karelia as a laboratory of social dimension in information society • Over 100 on-going information society projects • EU Innovative Actions programme for Eastern Finland 2002-04

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Community Networks in , Finland

Learning Upper Karelia , , Finnish National Fund for Research and Development SITRA 1998-2000

Learning Karelian Hills Nurmes, Juuka, Valtimo, , , European Social Fund ESR 2000-2001

Learning Central Karelia, Outokumpu and Polvijärvi Kesälahti, , Rääkkylä, Tohmajärvi, Värtsilä, Outokumpu, Polvijärvi European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund EAGGF 2001-02 * * Community Nets in North Karelia and Finnish OSKU Learning Regions (Funded by Sitra Foundation) Upper Karelia Nurmes, Juuka, Valtimo Karelian Hills extension Lieksa, Ilomantsi, Tuupovaara Central Karelia and Outokumpu district Kesälahti, Kitee, Rääkkylä, Tohmajärvi, Värtsilä, Outokumpu, Polvijärvi North Lapland Sodankylä, Inari, Utsjoki Hyrynsalmi, , Paltamo, Ristijärvi, Suomussalmi Pieksämäki district (PiiSavo) , Jäppilä, Kangasniemi, Pieksämäki, Pieksämäen mlk, Padasjoki district (ePäijänne) Padasjoki, Asikkala, Sysmä, Kuhmoinen East-Uusimaa (Kehä 5) Lapinjärvi, Liljendal, Myrskylä, Pernaja, Pukkila East Turku Maunula (Nettimaunula) Turunmaa Archipelago Dragsfjärd, Houtskari, Iniö, Kemiö, Korppoo, Nauvo, Parainen, Västanfjärd

Oksa & Turunen 2002 Community Network ”Learning Karelia Hills”

Valtimo 2000-01 Nurmes

Lieksa Net can be accessed from Juuka

Ilomantsi • workplace • schools • open access kiosks Tuupovaara • home • abroad • with FirstClass-software • Internet-browser - inhabitants about 45 000 - registered users over 9 000 (spring 2001) Structure of Community Net

Learning Upper Karelia Learning Karelian Hills

Citizens Net School net Enterprise net Municipal net Subnets /intranets - discussion zones - teachers - future - local publicity - open - local news - pupils - business to - documents - closed - families business * Weekly Number of Registered Users

Oksa & Turunen: Evaluation of the Learning KarelianJoensuun Hills yliopisto, Project, Karjalan 2002 tutkimuslaitos, JO 2001 * Learning Karelian Hills Network Registered Users by Municipality, 31 December 2001

Number Share of population Nurmes 2 595 26,8 % Juuka 1 549 23,8 % Valtimo 892 30,3 % Lieksa 1 885 12,6 % Ilomantsi 920 13,2 % Tuupovaara 374 16,8 % Together 8 215 19,0 %

In addition there were about 700 users from outside the region.

Oksa & Turunen: Evaluation of the Learning Karelian Hills Project, 2002 * Evaluation of Community Net Action against exclusion

Training

+ basic computer skills for all, incl. unemployed, small entrepreneurs, youth, pensioners + unemployed were trained to become project workers (peer trainers, network administration) + support to schools

Oksa & Turunen: Evaluation Study of the Learning Upper Karelia, 2000 * Evaluation of Community Net Action against exclusion

Open access kiosks

+ access for those not having computer + shops, banks, post offices, libraries + clubrooms of youth, pensioners, and unemployed - not finding space for kiosks in the most remote villages

Oksa & Turunen: Evaluation Study of the Learning Upper Karelia, 2000 * Evaluation of Community Net Action against exclusion

Civic message zones

+ information channel for municipal administration and voluntary organisations + general forum for discussion and participation + ”virtual round table” + free meeting place for teenagers

Oksa & Turunen: Evaluation Study of the Learning Upper Karelia, 2000 * Top Message Zones in Community Net (Number of visits in January 2002)

Flee market 14 416 Youth Column 7 795 Free Debate 13 872 Youth Only Zone 7 498 Trading Place 13 056 Greetings 7 252 New Messages 12 484 Want to Buy 6 587 Discussion Zones 10 707 Motor Vehicles Computers 9 845 & Supplies 6 336 Want to Sell 8 332 Public Services 6 323 Nurmes Vocational Net Support Info 6 197 Training Institute 8 219 Topic of the Week 5 758 Women Only 5 270

Oksa & Turunen: Evaluation of the Learning Karelian Hills Project, 2002 * Three Factors of Success in Upper Karelia Project

Connecting Local to Global

Local Sufficient Learning support from Process outside

Jukka Oksa & Jarno Turunen 2002 Professor Manuel Castells in Upper Karelia, December 2000

* * Upper Karelia Project Model

Net content

Community net Project Free intervention access points

Users Lay trainers

University of Joensuu, Karelian Institute, JOksa 2002 * Tasks remain after the project

Contents ? creation? Net content Net management ? Community and support? net

Management ? Free of kiosks? access points

? Users Training of Training trainers? of users?

University of Joensuu, Karelian Institute, JOksa 2002 * Continuity of the Model

Net content Municipality? Training Community institutes? net Enterprises? Free Volunteers? access points

Users Lay trainers

University of Joensuu, Karelian Institute, JOksa 2002 * Problems in Enlarging to New Areas

1. Connecting the Community Net and the administrative network of municipalities

2. Finding hosts for open access kiosks (different interests and changing rules)

3. Lacking time resources (18 months project was too short time for starting new processes)

Jukka Oksa & Jarno Turunen 2002 * Problems in Enlarging to New Areas

4. Social struggles over technology on two fronts

1) “Information technology is not for us”

2) “This is old-fashioned technology”,

“FirstClass Controversy” A software becomes a part of social formations

Jukka Oksa & Jarno Turunen 2002 * Problems in Enlarging to New Areas

5. Local contents in new context

- Users in the new localities did not feel that the net was their local net, discussing of their issues, distributing their news.

- Local content producers were hard to find (skills were lacking).

- Difficulties to motivate to use the net for distribution of information or services. Municipalities and enterprises often felt that existing www -based systems were enough.

Jukka Oksa & Jarno Turunen 2002 * General Conclusions

1) Technologies are adopted in social processes and are part of social struggles and controversies.

2) Information Society projects are more about learning processes than about the new technology. Every community has to have a collective learning process of its own. Learning of new important things and skills improves self esteem and image.

University of Joensuu, Karelian Institute, JOksa 2002 * General Conclusions

3) Virtual community (or locality) does not live without structures, norms and management (continuity, rules, resources).

4) Voluntary organisations, local administration, and local enterprises rarely know how to use the electronic publicity and communication.

5) One project is nothing if it is not part of a longer process maintained by committed coalition of actors.

University of Joensuu, Karelian Institute, JOksa 2002 * Mismatch of Different Logic of Activities

Adminis- tration

Projects Public {

; - service (

Asso- Market ciation Reciprocity

University of Joensuu, Karelian Institute, JOksa 2002 * Construction of Social Capital based on Falk & Kilpatrick 2000

Knowledge Identity

Social interaction

University of Joensuu, Karelian Institute, JOksa 2002 * Conclusions 2 Community Networks Improve Connections

• New possibilities for interaction are created. • Locally generated interactions of rural and urban people are initiated. • Experience of being in periphery is turned into proactive activity. • Local knowledge is translated into network contents, used by the locals. • Excluded groups are helped to connect to regional, national and international partners and knowledge resources.

University of Joensuu, Karelian Institute, JOksa 2002 *

Contacts

Jukka Oksa

University of Joensuu Karelian Institute PO Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland Phone +358-(0)13-251 2454 Fax +358-(0)13-251 2472

[email protected]

WWW local information society research http://cc.joensuu.fi/~alma/infosoc/

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