Borough of Poole
2019 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)
In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management July 2019
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 Borough of Poole
Local Authority Sarah Sutton Officer Department Environmental Services Units 1/2 New Fields Business Park, Poole, Address Dorset. BH17 7UP Telephone 01202 261700
E-mail [email protected] Report Reference 311411 number Date July 2019
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 Borough of Poole
Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in the Borough of Poole
Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.
The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.
Poole does not have the level of strategic infrastructure in comparison with many other Local Authorities (such as motorway, trunk roads and dual carriageway primary routes). The local highway network therefore has to accommodate high levels of strategic east-west movements of through traffic. Poole, in combination with Bournemouth and surrounding urban areas, forms the second largest urban area in south-west England with a population of around 474000.
As a result, road traffic is the main source of pollutants in Poole and Environmental
Services (ES) monitor for Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) emissions from vehicle exhausts at 16 permanent locations within the Borough.
For the pollutant NO2, previous monitoring data indicated exceedence of the annual mean NO2 Air Quality Objective (AQO) at Ashley Road and Commercial Road. Ashley Road and Commercial Road were also identified to meet the “narrow congested road with residential properties near to the kerb” criteria. Both were declared as Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) and Air Quality Action Plans (AQAPs) were submitted to and accepted by DEFRA for both sites. As a result 4 additional monitoring locations have been placed within/adjacent to the AQMAs.
Further information on the location and the action being taken to reduce levels of NO2 in these areas can be found on the Borough of Poole website at:
1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 i Borough of Poole https://www.poole.gov.uk/environmental-problems/air-quality-and-pollution/air-quality- management-area/.
In February 2018, Government approved plans to create two new unitary councils in Dorset. On 1 April 2019 the former borough, county and district councils in Dorset ceased to exist and were replaced by two new unitary authorities. Each authority delivers all local government services in their respective areas. One covers Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole, and is called BCP Council. The other covers the rest of Dorset, and is called Dorset Council.
As this report covers the 2018 monitoring period, before the new Authority came into being, all references and data in the report relate to the former Borough of Poole. From 2020 onwards the former authorities of Bournemouth Borough Council, Borough of Poole Council and Christchurch Borough Council will submit one Annual Status Report as BCP Council.
Actions to Improve Air Quality
A summary of progress with both AQAPs has been included in Section 2 of this report. Corrected data at the site of relevant receptors suggests that pollutant levels are likely to meet the AQO in both AQMAs. This is also supported by the trend patterns of monitoring data over previous years.
The Borough of Poole is participating in a project with Public Health Dorset and the Local Authorities within Dorset to monitor concentrations of fine particulates across a range of locations in Dorset and assess any linkages with local health data. Further details are provided in Section 2.3 of this report.
Environmental Services continue to work with colleagues in Growth and Infrastructure in respect of the ongoing implementation and review of both Air Quality Action Pans for Commercial Road and Ashley Road, as well as the Local Transport Plan and Three Towns Travel Plan, and in Planning and Regeneration to produce air quality planning guidance through the planning process. Further details can be found in Chapter 2 of the report.
Conclusions and Priorities
At the 16 permanent monitoring locations within the Borough of Poole there were no corrected annual mean NO2 concentration that were above the objective in 2018.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 ii Borough of Poole
At the 4 additional monitoring points within the AQMAs there were no corrected annual mean NO2 concentrations that were above the objective in 2018.
The overall trend continues to be one of generally declining concentrations, based on the last 5 years of data.
The Borough of Poole Council proposes to undertake some additional monitoring work to inform a review of the AQAPs now that the majority of the measures have been completed.
Priorities within the Borough of Poole
The importance of improving air quality and the links with wider priorities is recognised in the Borough of Poole Corporate Strategy. Ongoing work continues under the Local Transport Plan to achieve the stated Goals. The priority is to achieve further measured reductions in air pollution within the AQMAs. The Poole Local Plan was adopted on 13 November 2018, and covers the period 2013-2033, and the importance of air quality in the planning process is stated. Several of the challenges and objectives relate to transport and therefore air quality. Development proposals will require air quality assessments wherever an adverse impact on air quality becomes evident from transport assessments.
Borough of Poole Corporate Strategy 2015/19
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 iii Borough of Poole
Bournemouth, Poole and Dorset Local Transport Plan 3 2011 – 2026
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 iv Borough of Poole
Poole Local Plan (modified draft)
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 v Borough of Poole
Local Engagement and How to get Involved
Where can I find air quality information for Poole?
The Borough of Poole monthly monitoring data can be viewed and downloaded from the DEFRA Diffusion Tube Data Centre: http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/diffusion- tubes/local-authority/poole-borough-council.html. Further information, including the
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 vi Borough of Poole previous report to DEFRA, can be found on the Borough of Poole’s air quality web pages at: https://www.poole.gov.uk/environmental-problems/air-quality-and- pollution/air-quality-reports/.
Public Health Dorset provide information on air pollution indicators for the region: https://www.publichealthdorset.org.uk/intelligence/risks/#aq
If you require any specific information or data from us, please contact us at [email protected].
Where can I find information on daily air pollution levels?
DEFRA provide a daily pollution forecast here: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/?type=Current, along with a 5-day prediction of air pollution levels across the UK. Links on the DEFRA page also provide health advice for days when pollution levels are expected to be moderate, high or very high. In addition, the latest results from the national monitoring network can be viewed here: https://uk- air.defra.gov.uk/interactive-map
What can I do to improve air quality in my area?
General advice on how to reduce air pollution is available on our website: https://www.poole.gov.uk/environmental-problems/air-quality-and-pollution/reducing- air-pollution/. The majority of polluting emissions within Poole are from vehicle exhausts and to reduce these you could consider fuel efficient driving techniques such as those from the Department for Transport at: http://www.dft.gov.uk/vca//fcb/smarter-driving-tips.asp.
Alternatively you could sign up for a car sharing group such as https://dorset.liftshare.com/ or use a car club such as Co-Wheels who operate a variety of pay-as-you-go vehicles for hire across Poole and Bournemouth, including electric and hybrid vehicles: http://www.co-wheels.org.uk/. These alternatives to private car ownership help to reduce congestion and save money.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 vii Borough of Poole Table of Contents
Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in the Borough of Poole ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... ii Conclusions and Priorities ...... ii Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... vi 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in the Borough of Poole 4
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations...... 27 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 37 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 37 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 37 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 37 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 37
3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 37
3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 42
3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ...... 42
3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) ...... 42 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 43 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2018 ...... 48 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 50 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 57 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 60 Glossary of Terms ...... 61 References ...... 62
List of Tables Table 2.1 - Declared Air Quality Management Areas ...... 3 Table 2.2 - Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality ...... 15 Table 2.3 - Additional Measures to Improve Air Quality in Poole ...... 29
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 viii Borough of Poole
Table A.1 - Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 43
Table A.2 - Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 45
Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2018 ...... 48
Table C. 1 - NO2 Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors ...... 50 Table C. 2 - 2018 AIR PT Results ...... 52 Table E.1 - Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 60
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 - Trend in NO2 concentrations within AQMAs ...... 6
Figure 2.2 - Running averages in NO2 concentrations within AQMAs ...... 7 Figure 2.3 - Improvements resulting from the 3TT in Poole ...... 8
Figure 2.4 - Background PM2.5 in Borough of Poole ...... 28 Figure 2.5 - Comparison of PHOF indicator values ...... 31
Figure 2.6 - Map of Monitoring Locations for the Pan Dorset PM2.5 Project ...... 32 Figure 2.7 - PM2.5 monitoring data for Poole site ...... 33 Figure 2.8 - PM2.5 monthly averages for Poole site ...... 34 Figure 2.9 - Examples of AQMesh data visualisation ...... 34 Figure 2.10 - Time Variation Chart ...... 35 Figure 2.11 - Calendar Plot Chart ...... 36 Figure 3.1 - Monitoring Trends Within AQMAs 2014-2018 ...... 38 3 Figure 3.2 - Trend graphs where NO2 concentrations ~35µg/m (raw data) ...... 41
Figure A.1 - Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations ...... 47
Figure C. 1 - Laboratory summary performance for AIR NO2 PT ...... 53
Figure C. 2 - Estimate of NO2 Concentration due to Fall Off with Distance ...... 55 Figure D. 1 - Monitoring Locations within Borough of Poole Boundary ...... 57 Figure D. 2 - Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations in Poole ...... 58 Figure D. 3 - Monitoring Locations in Commercial Road AQMA vicinity ...... 59 Figure D. 4 - Monitoring Locations in Ashley Road AQMA vicinity ...... 59
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 ix Borough of Poole
1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in the Borough of Poole during 2018. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.
The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by the Borough of Poole to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.
The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 1 Borough of Poole
2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas
Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.
A summary of AQMAs declared by the Borough of Poole can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local- authorities?la_id=25. Alternatively, see Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs, which provides for a map of air quality monitoring locations in relation to the AQMA(s).
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 2 Borough of Poole
Table 2.1 - Declared Air Quality Management Areas
Level of Exceedance
(maximum
monitored/modelled Action Plan concentration at a AQMA One Line location of relevant Name Description exposure)
City / Town City/ At Name
Now Link
PollutantsAir and
QualityObjectives Is air Is quality the in
Dateof Declaration Declaration Date of Publication
roads controlled roads by
Highways England? AQMAinfluenced by
Commercial https://www.poole.go LAQM AQAP (A35 Area No. 1 NO Road between v.uk/_resources/asse 2 42.8 34.54 Commercial Road) (Commercial 01/09/2010 Annual Poole Station Road NO 3 3 ts/attachment/full/0/4 µg/m µg/m April 2013 Road) Mean and Curzon 9511.pdf Apr-13 Road junction
A small area of Ashley Road, https://www.poole.go Area No. 2 NO Mansfield Road LAQM AQAP (Ashley v.uk/_resources/asse 2 42.2 (Ashley 27/09/2011 Annual Poole and Victoria NO 3 Road) May 2014 ts/attachment/full/0/4 µg/m Road) Mean Road on the May-14 9518.pdf Victoria Cross junction An area of Ashley Road to https://www.poole.go Amendment include all NO LAQM AQAP (Ashley v.uk/_resources/asse to Area No. 2 properties 45.2 33.55 56/04/2013 Annual Poole NO 3 3 Road) May 2014 ts/attachment/full/0/4 2 (Ashley between 467 µg/m µg/m Mean May-14 9518.pdf Road) Ashley Road
and Jubilee Road
☒ The Borough of Poole confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 3 Borough of Poole
2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in the Borough of Poole
Defra’s appraisal of last year’s ASR noted that, “Generally air quality has been improving over the last 5 years” and concluded, “On the basis of the evidence provided by the local authority the conclusions reached are acceptable for all sources and pollutants, with the provisos listed in the commentary below. The Council should continue to implement their air quality strategy, and continue monitoring.”
The following comments were made:
1. The Council should look to update their AQAP as soon as possible as the majority of measures have been completed. It is clear previous measures and the Councils efforts have been effective in improving local air quality, with compliance being achieved in both AQMAs this year. The Council should build on this momentum to ensure AQMAs remain within compliance for at least another 2 years before revocation.
The Council reported that last year we were concentrating on completing the Targeted Feasibility Study (TFS) to assess option to bring forward compliance with the requirements of the Ambient Air Quality Directive on parts of the A3049 and A348. It was anticipated that once this work was complete, work would begin on the review of the AQAP as planned. The report was submitted in July 2018 and accepted in September 2018. Subsequently we also prepared a bid for the DEFRA Air Quality Grant, submitted at the end of November 2018 and a report for a meeting of the Borough of Poole Environment Overview & Scrutiny Committee in December 2018. A reorganisation of Local Authorities in Dorset from April 2019 and staff resource issues have delayed the start of the review. However, see below and Section 3.1 for further commentary on this.
2. Example calculations have been provided which is useful and encouraged for all future reports.
Where undertaken, calculations have been provided in the Appendices of this report.
3. The Council may wish to include some elaborated discussion of local PM2.5 emissions, with regards to the newly installed AQMesh monitor, in future reports.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 4 Borough of Poole
A further update on the Public Health project results has been provided within Section 2.3.
4. A number of sites have experienced historically low concentrations. The Council should consider redeploying these resources to (1) identify new hotspots, and (2) extend their coverage of monitoring within/nearby AQMAs.
Further monitoring sites have been identified as a result of development proposals within Poole. The extent of diffusion tube monitoring at the AQMAs will be expanded. In addition, a proportion of residual funding from DEFRA for the TFS study has been allocated to fund the purchase of sensor-based monitors for use in the AQMAs so that the temporal variations can be assessed in more detail and inform the AQAP review.
The Borough of Poole has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2018 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2.
More detail on these measures can be found in their respective Action Plans and the associated Local Transport Plan and Three Towns Travel Project. Key completed measures remain as follows:
Commercial Road AQAP: 7 measures are now completed in the category of Traffic Management
Ashley Road AQAP: Completion of all LSTF funded Three Towns Travel project measures identified in Ashley Road AQAP in the category of Traffic Management
Completion of eight measures within the Local Transport Plan (LTP) in the categories of Traffic Management, Promoting Travel Alternatives and Transport Planning and Infrastructure
The completed measures within the AQAPs and the LTP are of a type that DEFRA consider are likely to have a low effect on reducing emissions of NO2, defined as where the “action is focussed on a small proportion of the sources contributing to an exceedence”. However, DEFRA also recognise that multiple measures with a ‘low’ impact may be necessary before those measures with a higher emission reduction impact can be introduced. In addition, some of the low impact measures may have
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 5 Borough of Poole additional benefits that are not connected to air pollution, such as health benefits from a greater uptake of more active transport modes4.
Trend graphs across the AQMA monitoring locations indicate a generally declining trend in bias adjusted annual mean NO2 concentrations.
AQMA Monitoring Trends 2014 - 2018 50.00
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 2014 20.00 2015 15.00 2016 10.00 2017
Nitrogen Dioxide per (µg cubicmetre) 5.00 2018 0.00
AQO
AshleyRoad
AshleyRoad 35 AshleyRoad 28
CommercialRoad
CommercialRoad 416 CommercialRoad 421 Monitoring Location
Figure 2.1 - Trend in NO2 concentrations within AQMAs
Running averages (12-month) for raw data (not adjusted for bias) across the monitoring sites within the AQMAs indicates that the trend is also one of declining concentrations at all sites.
4 LAQM Action Toolbox – http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/technical-guidance/index.html?d=AnnexA
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 6 Borough of Poole
Commercial Road AQMA - running average 2014 - 2018
55 53 51 49 47 45 CR416 43 CR421 41 39 CR 37
35 AQO
Jul-14 Jul-15 Jul-16 Jul-17 Jul-18
Jan-15 Jan-14 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre)
Oct-14 Oct-15 Oct-16 Oct-17 Oct-18
Apr-14 Apr-15 Apr-16 Apr-17 Apr-18 Year
Ashley Road AQMA - running average 2014 - 2018
45 43 41 39 37 AR35 35 AR28 33 AR 31
29 AQO
Jul-16 Jul-14 Jul-15 Jul-17 Jul-18
Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18
Oct-15 Oct-14 Oct-16 Oct-17 Oct-18
Apr-14 Apr-15 Apr-16 Apr-17 Apr-18 Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre) Year
Figure 2.2 - Running averages in NO2 concentrations within AQMAs
These trends indicate that the some further monitoring could be required beyond the Commercial Road AQMA to further describe the air quality beyond the AQMA boundary along Commercial Road. In addition, as the tube locations at AR28 and AR35 are consistently below the AQO, but the permanent Ashley Road location continues to record high concentrations of NO2, further monitoring locations to the east of the current AQMA boundary will be assessed.
The Borough of Poole is looking to utilise some of the residual DEFRA funding from the TFS to purchase sensor-based monitors for use in the AQMAs to supplement to the monitoring data from diffusion tubes. Technology options are being considered. It
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 7 Borough of Poole is proposed to move the Commercial Road Lampost 416 tube to a location that now better represents exposure. In addition, the Ashley Road Lampost 35 location has recorded consistently low concentrations so the tube will be redeployed to a location to east of the current AQMA extent. Monitoring data will be used to inform the AQAP review.
Three Towns Travel
The Three Towns Travel (3TT) Annual Monitoring Report Year 3 stated that a number of component schemes off the 3TT project have been completed and some were still underway. As described above, all of the measures relating to the Ashley Road AQAP are now complete. A Final Outcomes Report for the project was due in 2017 but it is not yet apparent if this will be produced. However, across the 16km long corridor encompassed by the project, the following improvements have been reported:
Figure 2.3 - Improvements resulting from the 3TT in Poole
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 8 Borough of Poole
Local Transport Plan (LTP)
Measures from the LTP that also form part of the AQAP are mainly complete with one measure that is an ongoing initiative (Business Travel Plan Network).
Across the Borough the following LTP initiatives are ongoing:
Local Cycling Walking Infrastructure Plan (LCWIP)
The Council is developing an LCWIP in partnership with Bournemouth Borough Council which to deliver a more connected network for walking and cycling and reduce the need for people to make private car journeys.
Quality Bus Corridor (QBCs)
Quality Bus Corridors to provide high quality bus services with the development of transport interchanges along QBCs providing convenient transfer between bus services for multiple destinations and increasing the attractiveness of bus.
Smartcard ticketing
Develop smartcard ticketing which allows seamless transfer between services and mode, increasing attractiveness of public transport.
Intelligent Transport Systems
Includes optimisation of traffic signals which will improve traffic flow at key junctions.
Car parking
Car parking polices that promote economic vitality and support use of alternative to the car.
Townside Access
Place-making will be embedded into each phase to improve the attractiveness of public spaces.
Phase 1: 2018
Sterte Avenue West: delivered a new signalised junction to allow traffic to turn right onto Holes Bay A350, without needing to use the Hunger Hill junction. It also provided a new pedestrian crossing across Holes Bay Road.
Marston Road: enabling works to permit a later change in Phase 2 of the direction of traffic, from one-way to two-way. It allowed effective circulation of traffic
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 9 Borough of Poole
between West Street and West Quay Road; designed into its original construction in 2011.
Phase 2: 2018-2020
Hunger Hill junction: improve the efficiency of the junction together with more direct and safer crossings for pedestrians and cyclists. Changing the direction of traffic on West Street (towards the bridges only) and West Quay Road (towards Hunger Hill only).
Phase 3: 2018-2020
Hunger Hill to Poole Bridge: completing the links for pedestrians, cyclists and other road users.
The aim is to improve access to the various development sites on the town side of Backwater Channel, create more reliable journey times and safeguard air quality in the area and deliver a more consistent cycling and pedestrian network and upgrade crossing facilities.
Other Wider Scale Initiatives:
Beryl Bikes
The contract awarded to Beryl In December 2018 for a Bike Share scheme for Bournemouth and Poole in a five year contract. Bikes will be available for instant hire via an App.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 10 Borough of Poole
The region is investing heavily in getting people on two wheels, and has been ranked second to London in terms of cycling potential compared to other metropolitan regions in the UK. This can be attributed to a continuing effort to improve the experience for cyclists; in 2011 the region spent 16% of their transport budget on cycling to encourage modal shift. These investments have led to a growing percentage of the population cycling to work, and currently five percent of trips to work are made by bike. With the new funding application, the local authorities are aiming to decrease car trips by five% by 2022.5
Transforming Cities Fund
Bournemouth, Poole and South East Dorset are to be one of twelve city regions set to receive a share of £1.28bn as part of the Department for Transport’s £2.5bn Transforming Cities Fund.
The scale of investment will enable a step change in tackling congestion locally. The provision of high speed bus corridors and major new cycling routes coupled with the delivery of smart solutions, latest digital technologies and much better transport information will transform the city region’s transport system. In turn this will lead to improved productivity and greater prosperity in the area.
The partnership bid is made up of Bournemouth, Poole and Dorset councils with the support of key industry and academic partners. It covers the South East Dorset conurbation including the central core area of Bournemouth, Poole and Christchurch and the adjacent travel to work area of Wimborne, Ferndown, Wareham, Upton, Corfe Mullen, West Moors and Verwood.
The vision is to create a modern, accessible transport system with a target of reducing car trips by five per cent by 2022. Focus will be on providing high-speed, direct and improved bus connectivity between the centres and outlying areas; direct, safe and continuous cycle routes and enabling easier movement between transport modes. This will enable the region to deliver 20,000 new jobs and around 30,000 new homes by 2026.
The funding available will be used to deliver:
5 https://beryl.cdn.prismic.io/beryl%2Fa77f7935-474a-4309-8579-733c2f1777fb__case+study+-+bournemouth+and+poole+v3.pdf
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 11 Borough of Poole
Sustainable/Digital Transport Corridors; providing attractive, high-speed, direct bus connectivity with greater priority to outlying areas, and fibre optic cabling to enable Intelligent Transport Systems and Smart City technology;
Cycle Highway Corridors; providing direct, safe and continuous cycle routes;
Transport Hub Improvements; enabling easier transfer between transport modes;
Technology; real-time traffic management co-ordination including a comprehensive travel app and electric bus infrastructure.
The SE Dorset area will receive an initial £50,000 from government to work up plans and businesses cases for presentation to an investment panel which will decide on the final allocation of transforming cities funding across the 12 selected city regions.
Business cases are likely to go before the investment panel in the summer of 2019 with implementation of schemes and initiatives to be completed by 2022/3.
Planning Applications
Within the town centre regeneration area the following planning applications were received in 2018 with accompanying Air Quality Assessments:
Arndale House and Kingland Road – application to demolish existing buildings and erect mixed-use development comprising 225 residential apartments (Use Class C3) together with two ground floor Food and Drink units (Use Class A3), office workspace (Class B1a) and associated ancillary works including car and cycle parking.
Land Between the Bridges - major application for the demolition of existing buildings and Grade II listed brick pier gate and the erection of a mixed-use development comprising 562 residential apartments (Class C3) together with two ground floor food and drink units (Class A3), office workspace (Class B1a), a replacement facility for Poole Amateur Rowing Club (Class D2), quayside walkway, replacement quay wall, landscaping and associated ancillary works including highway works, car and cycle parking.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 12 Borough of Poole
Land off Sopers Lane – application to demolish existing structures and the erection of 127 residential dwellings (Use Class C3), vehicle and pedestrian access, parking, landscaping and associated works.
All planning applications are assessed against available guidance from IAQM/EPUK: Land-Use Planning & Development Control: Planning For Air Quality and Guidance on the assessment of dust from demolition and construction to determine if Air Quality Assessments are required or for mitigation of adverse impacts from developments on air quality/human health. As a result of the Local Plan, applications that require a Transport Assessment will also be required to assess the impacts on air quality. An Air Quality Planning Advice Note for developers is in progress to guide applicants through the process.
The Borough of Poole’s ongoing priority is to complete the Air Quality Advice Note.
Challenges
The principal challenges and barriers to implementation that the Borough of Poole anticipates facing are that Poole does not have the level of strategic infrastructure in comparison with many other Local Authorities. The local highways network therefore has to cope with accommodating high levels of strategic east-west movements of through traffic. Poole, in combination with Bournemouth and the surrounding urban areas, forms the second largest urban area in the south-west of England with a population of around 474000. The South East Dorset conurbation is the main economic driver for Dorset with the population in Poole expected to rise to 156100 by 2020 with a 10% growth in employment. The area is a key tourist destination, attracting many visitors, particularly during the summer months.
The highway network itself is somewhat constrained by the coast to the south which, although a significant natural asset, resulting in the lack of orbital routes that many other urban areas benefit from. Transport issues are further exacerbated by limited crossings over the River Stour which runs to the north of the Bournemouth / Poole conurbation. This results in a transport network that is very sensitive and vulnerable to traffic incidents and weather related disruption.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 13 Borough of Poole
Future Priorities
The Borough of Poole Environmental Services will continue to liaise with Growth and Infrastructure Services in respect of the ongoing implementation and review of both Air Quality Action Pans for Commercial Road and Ashley Road, as well as the Local Transport Plan and Three Towns Travel Plan, and will continue to implement air quality planning guidance through the planning process. Environmental Services will investigate any available funding opportunities to further improve air quality monitoring across the Borough and identify further potential measures to reduce concentrations of air pollutants. Environmental Services will work with Public Health Dorset to share information and improve knowledge of air pollution across Poole and the wider conurbations.
The Borough of Poole plan to work with Bournemouth Borough Council (as BCP Council from April 2019) on a project around an anti-idling initiative at schools across the BCP Council region. Some residual DEFRA funding from the TFS’ undertaken by Bournemouth Borough Council and the Borough of Poole will be used to fund the initiative. A project brief is being developed and potential pilot schools, baseline measures and toolkit options are being considered.
Whilst the measures stated above and in Table 2.2 will help to contribute towards compliance, the Borough of Poole anticipates that further additional measures not yet prescribed will be required in subsequent years to achieve compliance and enable the revocation of the Commercial Road and Ashley Road AQMAs.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 14 Borough of Poole
Table 2.2 - Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality
Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date Ashley UTC, Cross Traffic Congestion Borough of Reduced Implemented CR1 junction Managem management, 2009 - 2010 Poole congestion 2009-10 improvem ent traffic ents reduction Installatio n of traffic signals at UTC, Reduced the Traffic Congestion Borough of congestion Implemented CR2 junction of Managem management, Poole Improved 2009-10 Station ent traffic traffic flow Road/ reduction Commerci al Road UTC, Commerci Reduced Loading Ban Traffic Congestion al Road Borough of 2009 - congestion advertised and Implemented CR3 Managem management, 2012 - 2014 Loading Poole 2011 Improved approved in October November 2013 ent traffic Ban traffic flow 2013 reduction Enforcem UTC, ent of Bus Reduced Traffic Congestion Clearways Borough of congestion Enforcement as part CR4 Managem management, 2011 - 2015 Mar-15 along the Poole Improved of LSTF Project ent traffic A35 traffic flow reduction Corridor UTC, Reduced Link Traffic Congestion Borough of congestion Implemented CR5 Traffic Managem management, Poole Improved 2013 - 2014 Signals ent traffic traffic flow reduction UTC, Intelligent Reduced Traffic Congestion Transport Borough of congestion Completed CR6 Managem management, Systems Poole Improved March 2015 ent traffic on A35 traffic flow reduction
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 15 Borough of Poole
Travel Promoting In Planning Personalised Travel Borough of conjunctio CR7 & Other Travel Not funded Alternativ Poole n with Smarter Planning es LSTF Bid Choices Promoting In Travel Travel conjunctio CR8 Other Not funded Training Alternativ n with es LSTF Bid
Marketing Traffic Completed CR9 & Managem Other 2012 - 2015 Promotion ent
Joint Borough of Promoting Business Workplace Poole/Bournemo Travel Bid March CR10 Travel Travel uth Borough 2016 - 2020 Not funded Alternativ 2015 Plans Planning Council/Dorset es County Council Move the Removed from Parkstone programme – not CR11 Post supported by bus Office Bus companies Stop Improve cycling and walking Removed from CR12 provision programme and facilities on Station Road Decluttered signals/street Mansfield Traffic Borough of furniture – MR1 Road Managem Other Mar-14 Poole improved Junction ent compliance with signals Strategic highway improvements, Mansfield Traffic Improved Re-prioritising Borough of MR2 Road Managem pedestrian Mar-14 road space Poole Junction ent safety away from cars, including Access
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 16 Borough of Poole
management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space away from cars, including Mansfield Traffic Improvement Access Borough of MR3 Road Managem linked to cycle Mar-14 management, Poole Junction ent safety Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Linking UTC UTC, will allow more Mansfield Traffic Congestion free-flowing Borough of MR4 Road Managem management, traffic and Mar-14 Poole Junction ent traffic reduce reduction stop/start and idling Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space Will allow away from more free cars, including flowing Mansfield Traffic Access Borough of vehicles thus MR5 Road Managem Mar-14 management, Poole reducing Junction ent Selective congestion vehicle and improving priority, bus air quality priority, high vehicle occupancy lane
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 17 Borough of Poole
Will allow more free flowing Mansfield Traffic Borough of vehicles thus MR6 Road Managem Other Mar-14 Poole reducing Junction ent congestion and improving air quality
Mansfield Improvements Borough of MR7 Road directed at Mar-14 Poole Junction public realm
Decluttered signals/street Richmond Traffic Borough of furniture – RR1 Road Managem Other Jul-14 Poole improved Junction ent compliance with signals Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space away from cars, including Richmond Traffic Improved Access Borough of RR2 Road Managem pedestrian Jul-14 management, Poole Junction ent safety Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising Linking UTC road space will allow more Richmond Traffic away from free-flowing Borough of RR3 Road Managem cars, including traffic and Jul-14 Poole Junction ent Access reduce management, stop/start and Selective idling vehicle priority, bus priority, high
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 18 Borough of Poole
vehicle occupancy lane
Will allow more free UTC, flowing Richmond Traffic Congestion Borough of vehicles thus RR4 Road Managem management, Jul-14 Poole reducing Junction ent traffic congestion reduction and improving air quality Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space Will allow away from more free cars, including flowing Richmond Traffic Access Borough of vehicles thus RR5 Road Managem Jul-14 management, Poole reducing Junction ent Selective congestion vehicle and improving priority, bus air quality priority, high vehicle occupancy lane
Richmond Improvements Borough of RR6 Road directed at Jul-14 Poole Junction public realm
Decluttered signals/street Traffic Central Borough of furniture – CA1 Managem Other Mar-15 Area Poole improved ent compliance with signals Strategic highway improvements, Traffic Improved Central Re-prioritising Borough of CA2 Managem pedestrian Mar-15 Area road space Poole ent safety away from cars, including Access
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 19 Borough of Poole
management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space away from cars, including Traffic Will allow Central Access Borough of CA3 Managem more free Mar-15 Area management, Poole ent flowing buses Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space away from cars, including Traffic Improved Central Access Borough of CA4 Managem pedestrian Mar-15 Area management, Poole ent safety Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Traffic Improved Central Re-prioritising Borough of CA5 Managem pedestrian Mar-15 Area road space Poole ent safety away from cars, including Access
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 20 Borough of Poole
management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Public realm but some Central Borough of evidence of CA6 Other Mar-15 Area Poole pollution sink from tree planting Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space Will allow away from more free cars, including flowing Traffic Central Access Borough of vehicles thus CA7 Managem Mar-15 Area management, Poole reducing ent Selective congestion vehicle and improving priority, bus air quality priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space Will allow away from more free Weymout cars, including flowing Traffic h Rd to Access Borough of vehicles thus WR1 Managem Mar-14 Mansfield management, Poole reducing ent Rd Selective congestion vehicle and improving priority, bus air quality priority, high vehicle occupancy lane
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 21 Borough of Poole
Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space Will allow away from more free Weymout cars, including flowing Traffic h Rd to Access Borough of vehicles thus WR2 Managem Mar-14 Mansfield management, Poole reducing ent Rd Selective congestion vehicle and improving priority, bus air quality priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space Will allow away from more free cars, including flowing Randolph Traffic Access Borough of vehicles thus RA1 Road Managem Mar-14 management, Poole reducing Junction ent Selective congestion vehicle and improving priority, bus air quality priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space away from cars, including Randolph Traffic Access Borough of Improved RA2 Road Managem Mar-14 management, Poole cycle safety Junction ent Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 22 Borough of Poole
Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space Will allow away from more free cars, including flowing Randolph Traffic Access Borough of vehicles thus RA3 Road Managem Mar-14 management, Poole reducing Junction ent Selective congestion vehicle and improving priority, bus air quality priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space Will allow away from more free cars, including flowing Randolph Traffic Access Borough of vehicles thus RA4 Road Managem Mar-14 management, Poole reducing Junction ent Selective congestion vehicle and improving priority, bus air quality priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space Will allow away from more free cars, including flowing Edward Traffic Access Borough of vehicles thus ER1 Road Managem Mar-15 management, Poole reducing Junction ent Selective congestion vehicle and improving priority, bus air quality priority, high vehicle occupancy lane
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 23 Borough of Poole
Improved UTC, coordination of Installation of Poole Joint Completed Traffic Congestion traffic. Control Room. Traffic Borough of March 2015 LTP1 Managem management, Improved Combined common Control Poole Programmed ent traffic liaison database between 3 Centre April 2017 reduction between 3 Authorities Authorities Quicker entry onto buses to Transport reduce time at Concession cards Completed ITSO Planning stops. ‘live’ and all buses March 2015 LTP2 Smartcard and Other Improved upgraded. Went live March s Infrastruct traffic flow. Getting About Card in 2016 ure Improved development for use passenger uptake. UTC, Improved Blue Tooth Traffic Intelligent Traffic Congestion traffic flow Management. LTP3 Transport Managem management, information Oct-14 Variable Message Systems ent traffic along A35 Signs. CCTV reduction corridor Seaview Roundabout Promoting Vanguard Road - new Strategic Improved Travel Promotion of cycleways and extra LTP4 Cycleway uptake of Mar-15 Alternativ cycling parking Network cycling es Advance stop lines to all junctions UTC, Improved Urban Traffic Congestion traffic flow Bus priority at 30 LTP5 Traffic Managem management, information Mar-15 junctions Control ent traffic along A35 reduction corridor The Shah 2013 UTC, Seaview Roundabout 2013 Local Traffic Congestion Civic Centre March 2015 Junction Improved LTP6 Managem management, County Gates September Improvem traffic flow ent traffic Poole Road/Bourne 2014 ents reduction Valley July 2014 Pottery Junction July 2014 Improved Real Time Transport information System upgraded Informatio Planning Improved New/improved LTP7 n and Other May-15 uptake of displays at all bus Improvem Infrastruct public stops ents ure transport
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 24 Borough of Poole
Smarter Promoting Replaced by a Choices: Personalised Travel Business Travel Plan Ongoing LTP8 Personalis Travel Alternativ Network developed initiative ed Travel Planning es by LSTF Bid Planning Transport Improved Electric Planning uptake of low Vehicle 17 Rapid Charging LTP9 and Other carbon Dec-15 Charging points across Dorset Infrastruct emission Points ure vehicles Public Improved cycle Transport transport access and parking. Improved Planning Improved improvements- Improved waiting LTP10 Access to and uptake of rail Sep-14 interchanges facilities at Poole, Stations Infrastruct transport stations and Parkstone and ure services Branksome Stations Modal shift from car to Promoting walking/cyclin Safer Developing a scheme Travel School Travel g to school LTP11 Routes to for the new Ocean Sep-15 Alternativ Plans Reduced car School Academy es use on strategic network UTC, Three 20mph areas Local Modal shift Traffic Congestion adjacent to A35 Road from car to July 2015 LTP12 Managem management, Two 20mph areas Safety walking/cyclin March 2016 ent traffic adjacent to A35 in Schemes g reduction development Existing Parking Restraint Areas: Workplace Parking Poole Town, Civic Traffic Parking Levy, Improved Controls/E Centre, Ashley Cross, LTP13 Managem Parking traffic flow on Oct-14 nforcemen County Gates ent Enforcement A35 t Extension of Loading on highway Ban at Commercial Road AQMA Strategic highway improvements, Improved Re-prioritising traffic flow on Ashley Traffic road space A35 Road See earlier actions for LSTF Managem away from Reduced Mar-15 Improvem details ent cars, including traffic flow on ents Access Commercial management, Road Selective vehicle
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 25 Borough of Poole
priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Reduced future Workplace Enforcement of effectiveness after Camera Traffic Parking Levy, school and bus Parliamentary CEC Enforcem Managem Parking clearways and intervention to remove ent Car ent Enforcement loading bans ability to enforce on highway loading bans
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 26 Borough of Poole
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations
As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.
Background data from DEFRA has been used to indicate the spatial variation of
PM2.5 concentrations across the Borough of Poole as shown in Figure 2.4 below. The map indicates the highest PM2.5 concentrations as generally correlating with the Port area and main through roads, suggesting that measures to reduce NO2 emissions from traffic could also reduce concentrations of PM2.5. Note that the background 3 PM2.5 concentrations within Poole range from 7.84 – 10.12 (6.74 – 11.08µg/m in 2017) and are therefore less than 50% of the European Directive target limit for 2020 of 25µg/m3.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 27 Borough of Poole
Crown Copyright and database right 2019 Ordnance Survey 100024248
Figure 2.4 - Background PM2.5 in Borough of Poole
The existing measures listed in Table 2.2 above, aimed at tackling NO2 emissions within the AQMAs, have also been identified by DEFRA as likely to help reduce emissions of PM2.5. These existing measures are identified as having a low effect on reducing emissions of NO2 and PM10, defined as where the “action is focussed on a small proportion of the sources contributing to an exceedence”. However, DEFRA also recognise that multiple measures with a ‘low’ impact may be necessary before those measures with a higher emission reduction impact can be introduced. In
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 28 Borough of Poole addition, some of the low impact measures may have additional benefits that are not connected to air pollution, such as health benefits from a greater uptake of more active transport modes.
Furthermore, the following measures undertaken by Growth and Infrastructure Services within the Borough of Poole (listed in Table 2.3) are also identified in the 6 DEFRA LAQM Action Toolbox as contributing to the reduction of PM2.5 emissions.
Table 2.3 - Additional Measures to Improve Air Quality in Poole Measure Measure Evidence of success Category Classification Promoting School Travel Plans Cycling/Walking Travel Promotion of Cycling A programme of initiatives to encourage more people to Alternatives Promotion of Walking walk and cycle more often: Cycle network Ongoing Walking and Cycling Delivery Plan of infrastructure improvements Cycle and walking maps Work with schools/businesses to plan for sustainable travel Promotional events and campaigns
Bikeability cycle training figures:
Balance 136 Level 1&2 471 Level 3 52 TOTAL 659
High levels of public satisfaction with pedestrian and cycle facilities (2018 National Highways & Transport Survey)
Transport Planning and Bus route Infrastructure improvements
Public Transport Local Authorities partners in the South East Dorset Voluntary Quality Bus Partnership continue to invest in improving infrastructure (new bus shelters, accessible bus stops, bus priority and real time information) to enable commercial bus operation to flourish. Operators have in return invested in new vehicles, contactless ticketing and improved service frequencies to generate a return to bus as a mode of choice. This has resulted in a year on year increase in bus patronage over the last decade.
6 LAQM Action Toolbox - http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/technical-guidance/index.html?d=AnnexA
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 29 Borough of Poole
High levels of public satisfaction with public transport facilities (2018 National Highways & Transport Survey)
High levels of public satisfaction with pedestrian and cycle facilities (2018 National Highways & Transport Survey)
Borough of Poole operates a staff car share scheme, Car & lift sharing helping to remove vehicles from peak traffic flows. schemes
Operation commenced during 2017. http://www.co- Alternatives wheels.org.uk/poole 4 electric and 1 hybrid vehicle are to private available for staff during office hours and the public vehicle use outside of those times. More than 11500 miles were Car Clubs covered by staff between May-Dec 2018 in Car Club vehicles, with the public then using the vehicles for >2500 miles outside of office hours (Jun-Dec 2018).
Policy Guidance Sustainable transport measures often accepted as Supplementary and mitigation for less than optimum number of parking spaces Planning Documents Development in a development. Control
In 2018 there were 1144 charging session across the whole ChargerNet network (Poole, Bournemouth and Dorset)
Promoting A total of 3445 charging sessions since installation in April low emission EV charging points 2015: transport Year No of sessions 2015 (From April) 305 2016 812 2017 1184 2018 1144
Pan Dorset PM2.5 Monitoring Project
Public Health England included a specific Health Protection Indicator within the Public Health Outcome Framework (PHOF), looking to improve the fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution. To properly review the situation within
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 30 Borough of Poole
Dorset, all the local authorities have collaborated with Public Health Dorset to formulate a project to monitor PM2.5.
3.01 - Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution (2017)
Dorset
Poole
Bournemouth
South West region
England
4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 Percentage
Figure 2.5 - Comparison of PHOF indicator values
The project looks to create an air quality evidence base for the local authority areas of Dorset and BCP Councils and establish the local linkages with health outcomes. This will corroborate DEFRA modelling and the PHOF.
The project created a pan-Dorset monitoring network with monitoring locations selected by way of a formal review of pollution, health and demographic data, within a model created by Public Health Dorset (all sites are background locations).
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 31 Borough of Poole
Figure 2.6 - Map of Monitoring Locations for the Pan Dorset PM2.5 Project
Monitoring is being undertaken using AQMesh Pods, which have been co-located
AQ Mesh and referenced to an existing real-time analyser in. In addition, Omni FT Samplers Unit will be used around the network to collect physical samples of particulates to be analysed to establish the speciation of particles throughout the County.
The project’s partners comprise:
Public Health Dorset
Omni FT BCP Council (comprising the former Bournemouth Borough, Poole Borough and Sampler Christchurch Borough councils)
Dorset Council (comprising the former Weymouth and Portland Borough, West Dorset District, North Dorset District, East Dorset District and Purbeck District councils)
The AQMesh network installation was completed in May 2018. The project started to receive data immediately, and its initial duration is anticipated to be approximately 2 years. After an initial period of installing the additional Omni FT samplers around the network to enable collection of fine particulate matter for chemical analysis, the
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 32 Borough of Poole project has now evolved such that filter samples are now being collected at a rural location and an urban location only. Initial analysis across the network of sites was inconclusive, but indicated that there was a good correlation between the amount of
PM2.5 collected on the filters and the concentrations recorded by the AQMesh units at each site (where measurements were possible). Analysis of batches of filters from the urban and rural sites are due this year and will be reported in in the next ASR.
At the Poole location, the PM2.5 monitoring data indicates an annual mean concentration of 9.46µg/m3. The data has not yet been ratified and is likely to change. However, PM2.5 concentrations are considered to be well below the UK AQO 3 of 25µg/m for PM2.5.
PM2.5 Project - Poole site
50
40 3
30
µg/m
2.5
20 PM2.5_Scaled PM AQO 10 Annual Average
0
01/04/2018 01/01/2018 01/02/2018 01/03/2018 01/05/2018 01/06/2018 01/07/2018 01/08/2018 01/09/2018 01/10/2018 01/11/2018 01/12/2018 Date
Figure 2.7 - PM2.5 monitoring data for Poole site
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 33 Borough of Poole
Monthly Average PM2.5 - Poole site
25
20
3
15
µg/m
2.5 Monthly Average
PM 10 AQO
5
0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month
Figure 2.8 - PM2.5 monthly averages for Poole site
It is anticipated that the data will be made publicly available to other interested stakeholders, for example the schools on which the monitors are currently sited for use in the school curriculum. We are working on determining the best data formats for each stakeholder so that the information is accessible, understandable and usable.
Figure 2.9 - Examples of AQMesh data visualisation
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 34 Borough of Poole
The suppliers of the AQMesh pods also provide access to OpenAir analysis of the data and some examples are provided below for the Poole site. The Time Variation chart shows the variation of PM2.5 concentration by hour of the day, day of the week etc. The Calendar plot demonstrates daily mean values.
Figure 2.10 - Time Variation Chart
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 35 Borough of Poole
Figure 2.11 - Calendar Plot Chart
Public Health Dorset have also been examining the link between air quality and health and have used the modelled data and hospital admission data to visualise the link. The work can be found here, with data relating to both NO2 and PM2.5: https://public.tableau.com/profile/public.health.dorset#!/vizhome/AirPollution_10/AirP ollutionStory (Air Pollution and Health tab).
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 36 Borough of Poole
3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites
There are no automatic monitoring sites located within the Borough of Poole.
3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Borough of Poole undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 16 Permanent monitoring locations in 2018. In addition to the permanent sites, the Council has been undertaking long-term monitoring within/near the two AQMAs with diffusion tubes placed at two extra locations within/near each AQMA, commencing in 2013. Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.
Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation” and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C.
It is proposed to install additional monitoring points, in line with LAQM guidance, in the vicinity of proposed new developments in Canford Village and Magna Road (A341). In addition, monitoring adjacent to the AQMAs will be expanded and it is proposed to be supplemented by monitoring form sensor-based units to provide better temporal data to form the basis of the review of the AQAPs.
3.2 Individual Pollutants
The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias, “annualisation” and distance correction. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.
3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Table A.2 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.
For diffusion tubes, the full 2018 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 37 Borough of Poole
At the 16 permanent monitoring locations within the Borough of Poole there were no measured annual mean NO2 concentrations that were above the objective in 2018.
Monitoring Trends 2014 - 2018
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 2014 10.00 2015 5.00 0.00 2016 2017
2018
TwinSails
GravelHill
Nitrogen Dioxide per (µg cubicmetre) PooleRoad
AshleyRoad AQO
LindsayRoad
WimborneRd
Longfleet Road
CommercialRd
FortescueRoad
BlandfordRoad
HerbertAvenue
PotteryJunction
West QuayRoad
ParkstoneR/about
DolberryRoad North Dorset Way/DarbysLane Monitoring Location
Figure 3.1 - Monitoring Trends Within AQMAs 2014-2018
One of the additional monitoring sites, near to the Commercial Road AQMA, measured an exceedence of the NO2 objective – Commercial Road Lampost 421 at 40.29µg/m3. At this location, ‘fall off with distance’ calculations have been used to estimate the NO2 concentrations from the measured data. The Bureau Veritas “NO2 Fall-Off with Distance Calculator” from DEFRA LAQM Support was used and the calculation indicates that the Annual Mean NO2 concentration at the receptor is predicted to be 38.2µg/m3. The full calculation is shown in Figure C.2 in Appendix C.
The receptor at this location is at first floor height, located over commercial/business premises operating at ground floor, therefore there is potentially a further reduction in the measured level of NO2 likely at the level of any residential receptor in this area. It should also be noted that the proposed measures detailed in the Air Quality Action Plans include measures both within this specific area and throughout the A35 corridor that are predicted to beneficially impact on NO2 concentrations.
In 2018, there were no sites that showed a measured annual mean NO2 concentration of >35µg/m3. In previous years monitoring sites at Pottery Junction,
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 38 Borough of Poole
Longfleet Road, Dorset Way, Lindsay Road and Parkstone Roundabout have returned measured concentrations of this scale. The trend in running average mean concentration over the last 5 years at across all of these previously identified sites is downward at Pottery Junction, Longfleet Road, Lindsay Road and Parkstone Roundabout. However the trend over the last 5 years at Dorset Way is of a gradual increase (<1.0µg/m3 increase in running average mean concentration over the last 5 years). These sites will continue to be closely monitored for any further changes in concentration, traffic flow/volume and other changes that could impact on NO2 concentrations. The trend graphs for these locations are shown below. Note that the following five graphs all depict measured concentrations in a 12-month running average format, with no correction for bias or ‘fall off with distance’ (ie this is raw data and does not represent the concentration experienced at the location of a relevant receptor).
Pottery Junction: Running Average 2014 - 2018
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 Running Average 15.00 AQO 10.00 Linear (Running Average) 5.00
0.00
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre)
Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18
Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17 Sep-18
May-15 May-14 May-16 May-17 May-18 Date
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 39 Borough of Poole
Longfleet Road: Running Average 2014 - 2018
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 Running Average 15.00 AQO 10.00 Linear (Running Average) 5.00
0.00
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre)
Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18
Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17 Sep-18
May-15 May-14 May-16 May-17 May-18 Date
Dorset Way: Running Average 2014 - 2018
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 Running Average 15.00 AQO 10.00 Linear (Running Average) 5.00
0.00
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre)
Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18
Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17 Sep-18
May-15 May-14 May-16 May-17 May-18 Date
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 40 Borough of Poole
Lindsay Road: Running Average 2014 - 2018
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 Running Average 15.00 AQO 10.00 Linear (Running Average) 5.00
0.00
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre)
Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18
Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17 Sep-18
May-15 May-14 May-16 May-17 May-18 Date
Parkstone R'bout Running Average: 2014 - 2018
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00
25.00
20.00 Series2 15.00 Series3 10.00 Linear (Series2) 5.00
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre) 0.00
Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18
Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17 Sep-18
May-15 May-14 May-16 May-17 May-18 Date
3 Figure 3.2 - Trend graphs where NO2 concentrations ~35µg/m (raw data)
In 2018 there were no sites within the Borough of Poole where the NO2 annual mean concentration exceeded 60µg/m3. This is the level that indicates that there is a risk that the 1-hour objective may also be exceeded.
For diffusion tubes, the full 2018 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Table B.1 in Appendix B. Previous year results (2014 – 2018) are shown in Table A.2 in Appendix A. Bias adjustment factors used between 2014 and 2018 are detailed in
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 41 Borough of Poole
Table C.1 in Appendix C. Exceedences of the air quality objective are highlighted in bold.
Diffusion tubes used in Poole are prepared and analysed by Gradko, using the 50% TEA in acetone method. The bias adjustment factor for Gradko 2018 is 0.89, based on an overall factor calculated from eighteen studies, as provided in the Defra National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet version 06/19 (see Appendix C).
3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)
Monitoring of Particulate Matter (PM10) is not carried out within the Borough of Poole.
3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Monitoring of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) is not carried out within the Borough of Poole. (But see also Section 2.3).
3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Monitoring for Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) is no longer carried out within the Borough of Poole.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 42 Borough of Poole
Appendix A: Monitoring Results
Table A.1 - Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS Tube collocated Site Pollutants In Relevant kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid with a Continuous ID Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest road (m) Ref Ref (1) (2) Analyser? (m) (m)
9 Ashley Road Kerbside 404518 92122 NO2 NO 4.4 2.1 NO 2
10 Fortescue Road Urban Background 404894 92950 NO2 NO 5.5 1.8 NO 2
8 Commercial Rd Roadside 403484 91515 NO2 YES 0.0 3.8 NO 2
2 Herbert Avenue Kerbside 404552 93702 NO2 NO 13.3 0.5 NO 2
1 Gravel Hill Kerbside 401362 95003 NO2 NO 35.5 1.0 NO 2
4 Wimborne Rd Roadside 401727 91917 NO2 NO 7.1 4.3 NO 2
11 Pottery Junction Kerbside 405442 92034 NO2 NO 23.9 1.0 NO 2
7 Parkstone R/about Roadside 402046 91182 NO2 NO 37.0 5.8 NO 2
14 Dolberry Road North Kerbside 404675 94738 NO2 NO 12.1 0.5 NO 2
6 West Quay Road Kerbside 400662 90388 NO2 NO 17.5 1.0 NO 2
5 Longfleet Road Kerbside 401991 91417 NO2 NO 5.4 2.2 NO 2
3 Dorset Way Roadside 401810 93156 NO2 NO 18.4 2.8 NO 2
12 Poole Road Kerbside 406462 91672 NO2 NO 17.3 3.0 NO 2
13 Lindsay Road Kerbside 405600 91701 NO2 NO 30.8 2.7 NO 2
15 Blandford Road Kerbside 399026 91676 NO2 NO 9.7 0.5 NO 2
16 Twin Sails Kerbside 400167 90581 NO2 NO *46.7 1.7 NO 2
17 CR Lampost 416 Roadside 403339 91508 NO2 NO 14.7 2.0 NO 2
18 CR Lampost 421 Roadside 403494 91541 NO2 YES 1.0 2.7 NO 2
19 AR Lampost 35 Roadside 403955 92183 NO2 YES 3.7 3.8 NO 2
20 AR Lampost 28 Kerbside 404277 92153 NO2 YES 3.2 0.5 NO 2
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 43 Borough of Poole
Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 44 Borough of Poole
Table A.2 - Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results
Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site Monitoring Capture for Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring (2) (1) 2018 (%) Period (%) 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
9 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 42.16 39.20 42.34 40.87 33.55 10 Urban Background Diffusion Tube N/A 100 13.73 13.60 15.65 13.66 16.61 8 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 43.70 36.41 41.34 35.78 34.54 2 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 92 25.05 21.60 23.29 21.46 22.08 1 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 33.66 26.40 27.55 25.89 26.31 4 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 22.64 19.33 21.50 19.35 20.13 11 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 92 37.75 35.11 38.14 35.18 31.80 7 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 33.72 30.42 35.72 27.52 25.02 14 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 26.15 22.84 24.40 23.05 22.63 6 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 23.90 20.94 22.52 22.15 20.83 5 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 37.32 35.45 35.16 30.66 28.34 3 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 35.16 34.97 40.07 32.23 32.38 12 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 35.70 30.47 32.31 29.74 27.66 13 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 37.15 35.01 35.79 30.84 31.19 15 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 23.59 19.56 22.69 20.42 21.85 16 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 92 18.98 15.61 18.65 22.12 17.40 17 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 42.12 37.82 38.91 36.11 32.32 18 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 49.30 44.80 47.92 41.22 40.29 19 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 39.56 31.93 35.70 31.62 28.33 20 Kerbside Diffusion Tube N/A 100 42.16 39.20 42.52 33.61 31.77
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 45 Borough of Poole
☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%
Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 46 Borough of Poole
Figure A.1 - Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations Monitoring Trends 2014 - 2018 45.00
40.00 Ashley Road Fortescue Road 35.00 Commercial Rd
Herbert Avenue 30.00 Gravel Hill Wimborne Rd 25.00 Pottery Junction Parkstone R/about 20.00 Dolberry Road North West Quay Road
15.00 Longfleet Road Nitrogen Dioxide µg/cubicmetre Dorset Way/Darbys Lane 10.00 Poole Road Lindsay Road 5.00 Blandford Road Twin Sails 0.00
Annual Objective
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Year
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 47 Borough of Poole
Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2018
Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2018
3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean Distance Bias Site ID Corrected Adjusted Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw to (0.89) and Data Nearest Annualised (1) Exposure (2)
9 40.70 42.55 48.40 39.67 33.29 38.44 32.64 32.26 33.61 34.92 38.48 37.36 37.69 33.55 28.3 10 21.24 21.63 22.78 30.99 13.30 14.60 12.90 12.43 14.33 20.62 17.41 21.69 18.66 16.61 15.7 8 37.01 41.16 46.45 41.57 37.00 39.85 39.99 33.92 33.69 36.11 39.43 39.53 38.81 34.54 34.5 2 25.17 29.31 30.13 24.67 24.85 23.32 19.79 18.09 27.09 22.44 28.08 24.81 22.08 17.0 1 27.82 32.06 33.88 17.53 35.53 34.92 31.66 27.10 26.53 32.77 34.56 20.34 29.56 26.31 15.9 4 25.94 24.80 25.12 21.79 20.52 18.54 17.54 16.92 20.17 26.82 28.91 24.34 22.62 20.13 19.0 11 37.03 41.68 39.93 38.69 27.70 32.32 30.83 36.56 35.37 35.32 37.63 35.73 31.80 20.3 7 30.28 35.35 29.73 31.67 15.73 26.22 26.13 24.38 31.65 29.21 26.30 30.68 28.11 25.02 18.6 14 27.13 29.21 31.59 28.32 23.63 28.40 20.59 18.15 14.86 24.97 32.13 26.15 25.43 22.63 18.6 6 22.14 22.94 20.16 21.38 24.31 23.91 22.67 20.01 22.08 24.74 31.58 24.96 23.41 20.83 17.8 5 33.15 37.93 33.88 31.77 29.69 29.07 26.58 25.84 33.64 31.61 37.49 31.48 31.84 28.34 24.7 3 33.76 45.53 41.83 34.52 38.51 32.33 26.63 29.50 35.15 46.03 34.38 38.47 36.39 32.38 25.1 12 28.73 35.80 35.91 34.76 32.57 31.44 26.70 24.62 25.79 31.81 32.68 32.07 31.07 27.66 20.8 13 35.90 40.02 39.44 36.56 32.81 29.63 33.74 28.17 33.80 36.20 36.47 37.76 35.04 31.19 19.6 15 22.45 30.06 27.30 27.24 25.97 24.24 17.16 18.73 20.66 27.87 28.48 24.42 24.55 21.85 15.7
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 48 Borough of Poole
16 24.35 20.90 25.18 18.78 16.14 14.84 14.98 19.41 20.82 20.39 19.26 19.55 17.40 16.1 17 35.76 39.82 39.65 36.03 35.34 33.32 35.36 31.18 37.04 37.89 39.02 35.32 36.31 32.32 23.0 18 44.99 51.88 46.14 47.01 47.96 42.64 42.08 40.57 46.42 47.96 40.39 45.14 45.27 40.29 38.2 19 34.24 32.76 38.59 35.11 30.08 30.64 29.44 25.05 25.26 20.55 35.90 31.90 30.79 27.41 24.8 20 38.16 42.92 39.20 36.60 31.79 31.31 27.90 29.80 31.48 36.54 32.17 36.55 34.53 30.74 24.7
☐ Local bias adjustment factor used ☒ National bias adjustment factor used ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure
Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.
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Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors
Bureau Veritas (Gradko) 50% TEA in acetone diffusion tubes have been employed across the Borough. The factor for 2018 available from the bias adjustment factor spreadsheet is 0.89 (version 06/19).
Table C. 1 - NO2 Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors
Year NO2 Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor
2014 Gradko 50%0.98 TEA in Acetone 2015 0.96 2016 1.03 2017 0.97 2018 0.89
Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment
There were no monitoring locations where the data capture fell below the required 85% monitoring rate and therefore no annualisation in accordance with the guidance provided in Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 of LAQM.TG16 was necessary.
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QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring
Precision Results for Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tube Collocation Studies Gradko 50% For the purposes of Local Air Quality Management, tube precision is TEA in Acetone separated into two categories, "Good" or "Poor", as follows: tubes are 2018 G considered to have "good" precision where the coefficient of variation of 2018 G 2018 G duplicate or triplicate diffusion tubes for eight or more periods during the 2018 G 2018 G year is less than 20%, and the average CV of all monitoring periods is 2018 G 2018 G less than 10%. Tubes are considered to have "poor" precision where 2018 G 2018 G the CV of four or more periods is greater than 20% and/or the average 2018 G 2018 G CV is greater than 10%. 2018 G 2018 G 2018 G Results from the DEFRA Summary of Diffusion Tube Precision 2016 – 22018 G 2018 P 2018 (Version June 2049) show that Gradko 50% TEA in Acetone
demonstrated a total of 1 Poor precision co-location result out of a total of 16 results in 2018.
Summary of Laboratory Performance in WASP NO2 Proficiency Testing Scheme AIR is an independent analytical proficiency-testing (PT) scheme, operated by LGC Standards and supported by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). AIR PT is a new scheme, started in April 2014, which combines two long running PT schemes: LGC Standards STACKS PT scheme and HSL WASP PT scheme.
AIR NO2 PT forms an integral part of the UK NO2 Network’s QA/QC, and is a useful tool in assessing the analytical performance of laboratories supplying diffusion tubes to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM). Defra and the Devolved Administrations advise that diffusion tubes used for Local Air Quality Management should be obtained from laboratories that have demonstrated satisfactory performance in the AIR PT scheme.
Z-Score performance Performance scores are currently based upon the z-score statistic, a widely used scoring system employed in chemical proficiency testing.
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The z-score, zscore, may be defined as:
(푥 푙푎푏− ̅푥 푟푒푓) zscore = 휎 푟푒푓 where;
푥 푙푎푏 participant result from a laboratory
푥̅ 푟푒푓 reference result (here it is the calculated nitrite spike value)
휎 푟푒푓 reference standard deviation (currently set at 7.5 % of mean)
Performance score interpretation
A zscore may be interpreted as: zscore ≤ ± 2 satisfactory laboratory result zscore > ± 2 and ≤ ± 3 questionable (warning) laboratory result zscore > ± 3 unsatisfactory laboratory result
For Gradko International Limited using 50% TEA v/v in Acetone, the 2018 AIR PT results were as follows:
Table C. 2 - 2018 AIR PT Results
AIR PT Round Result
AIR PT AR024 Jan – Feb 2018 Gradko 50%100% TEA in Acetone AIR PT AR025 Apr – May 2018 100% AIR PT AR027 Jul – Aug 2018 100% AIR PT AR028 Sep – Oct 2018 100%
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Figure C. 1 - Laboratory summary performance for AIR NO2 PT
Estimate of NO2 Concentration due to Fall Off with Distance Fall off with distance calculations are required where the actual monitoring location is not representative of actual exposure. This arises where there is not a suitable location at the residential façade from which to install a diffusion tube. In these situations the following method is used to estimate the NO2 concentration at the nearest location for relevant exposure.
Fall off with distance calculations have been undertaken for all sites and are reported in Table B.1 in Appendix B and in detail in Figure C.2 below for monitoring locations within the AQMAs.
This method allows measurements made at one distance from a road to be used to predict concentrations at a different distance from the same road. It is appropriate for distances between 0.1m and 140m of the kerb.
Step 1: Identify the local background concentration in μg/m3 (either from local monitoring or from the national maps published at www.airquality.co.uk). Note that the background concentration must be less than the measured concentration.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 53 Borough of Poole
Step 2: apply the following calculation
Cz = ((Cy-Cb) / (-0.5476 x Ln(Dy) + 2.7171)) x (-0.5476*Ln(Dz)+2.7171) + Cb
Where: 3 Cz is the total predicted concentration (μg/m ) at distance Dz; 3 Cy is the total measured concentration (μg/m ) at distance Dy; 3 Cb is the background concentration (μg/m ); Dy is the distance from the kerb at which concentrations were measured; Dz is the distance from the kerb (m) at which concentrations are to be predicted; Ln(D) is the natural log of the number D
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Figure C. 2 - Estimate of NO2 Concentration due to Fall Off with Distance
LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 55 Borough of Poole
Factors affecting diffusion tube readings
Diffusion tube monitoring provides an indication of measured NO2 concentrations but can be affected by a number of factors, both individually or in combination, that can cause both positive bias (over-reading) and negative bias (under-reading) when compared to a reference monitoring method. THE AEA Report, Diffusion Tubes for
Ambient NO2 Monitoring: Practical Guidance for Laboratories and Users lists the following factors as sources of bias in diffusion tube results.
Positive bias is reported to be caused by: Turbulence at the open tube end in windy conditions can shorten the diffusion pathway, affecting the equilibrium with the diffusion tube
The diffusion tube material can block uv light and cause NO2 photolysis within
the tube, affecting the NO2 concentration Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) associated with vehicle emissions can react with
other pollutants in the atmosphere and increase the NO2 concentration Negative bias is reported to be caused by: Increased exposure period where the absorbed nitrite degrades with time Insufficient extraction of the nitrites from the diffusion tube grid (lab effect) Photochemical degradation of the triethanolamine-nitrite complex (minimised with uv opaque end caps) Diffusion tubes prepared in 50%v/v TEA in water reported to result in reduced
NO2 uptake (BoP use tubes prepared using 50% v/v TEA in acetone)
It is likely that a combination of factors influence the variability of the measured NO2 concentrations by the diffusion tube method within the Borough of Poole. Trends will continues to be monitored in order to assess where any more detailed analysis of the situation becomes necessary.
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Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs
Figure D. 1 - Monitoring Locations within Borough of Poole Boundary
Figure D.2 on the following page indicates the locations of the permanent diffusion tube monitoring locations and the two AQMAs (labelled shaded polygons).
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Figure D. 2 - Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations in Poole
Figures D.3 and D.4 on the following page indicate the extent of the AQMAs (shaded polygons) in Commercial Road and Ashley Road. Monitoring locations in the vicinity of the AQMAs are shown by the labelled green points.
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Figure D. 3 - Monitoring Locations in Commercial Road AQMA vicinity
Figure D. 4 - Monitoring Locations in Ashley Road AQMA vicinity
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Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England
Table E.1 - Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective7 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO ) 2 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM ) 10 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year
7 3 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m ).
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Glossary of Terms
Abbreviation Description
AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’
AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives
ASR Air quality Annual Status Report
AURN Automatic Urban and Rural Network
Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England
EU European Union
FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System
LAQM Local Air Quality Management
LCWIP Local Cycling Walking Infrastructure Plan
LSTF Local Sustainable Transport Fund
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide
NOx Nitrogen Oxides
PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less
PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less
QBC Quality Bus Corridor
TFS Targeted Feasibility Study
QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control
SO2 Sulphur Dioxide
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References
AEA Energy & Environment. Diffusion Tubes for Ambient NO2 Monitoring: Practical Guidance for Laboratories and Users, 2008. Available from: http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/0802141004_NO2_WG_PracticalGuidance_I ssue1a.pdf
Background mapping data for Local Authorities. Available from: https://uk- air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-home
Borough of Poole Local Air Quality Management, Air Quality Action Plan A35 Commercial Road, 2013. Available from: https://www.poole.gov.uk/environmental- problems/air-quality-and-pollution/air-quality-management-area/
Borough of Poole Local Air Quality Management, Air Quality Action Plan (Ashley Road), 2014. Available from: https://www.poole.gov.uk/environmental- problems/air-quality-and-pollution/air-quality-management-area/
Borough of Poole Updating & Screening Assessment, 2015. Available from: https://www.poole.gov.uk/environmental-problems/air-quality-and-pollution/air- quality-reports/
Bournemouth, Poole, Dorset Local Transport Plan 3 - LTP3 Implementation Plan Three 2017 to 2020 (May 2017). Available from: https://www.dorsetcouncil.gov.uk/roads-highways-maintenance/transport- planning/local-transport-plan/local-transport-plan-3.aspx
DEFRA Diffusion Tube QA/QC Framework AIR-PT Scheme. Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/assets/laqmno2performancedatauptofebruary2019v1.pd f
DEFRA National Bias Adjustment Factors. Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/assets/databasediffusiontubebiasfactorsv0619final.xlsx
DEFRA Precision Results for Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tube Collocation Studies. Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/assets/tubeprecision2018version0619finalfull.pdf
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Highways Agency Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Screening Method (Version 1.03c). Available from: http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/guidance/air-quality.htm
Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16). Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG16-February-18-v1.pdf
Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(16). Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-PG16-April-16-v1.pdf
Local Transport Plan (LTP) 2011 - 2026. Available from: https://www.dorsetcouncil.gov.uk/roads-highways-maintenance/transport- planning/local-transport-plan/local-transport-plan-3.aspx
Nitrogen Dioxide Fall-Off with Distance Calculator (Issue 4.2). Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/NO2-Fall-Off-With-Distance-from-Roads- Calculator-v4.2.xls
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