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Reports 5. the Yugoslav Serbo-Croatian-English Contrastive Project

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Reports 5. the Yugoslav Serbo-Croatian-English Contrastive Project DOCUMENT RESUME ED 121 079 FL 007 542 AOTHOF Filipovic, Rudolf, Ed. TITLE Reports 5. The Yugoslav Serbo-Croatian-English Contrastive Project. INSTITUTION Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D,C.; Zagreb Univ. (Yugoslavia). Inst. of Linguistics. PUB DATE 71 NOTE 212p.; For related documents, see ED 096 839, ED 108 465, and FL 007 537-552; Not available in hard copy due to print quality of original AVAILABLE FROMDorothy Rapp, Center for Applied Linguistics, 1611 N. Kent St., Arlington, Virginia, 22209 ($4.00) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Contrastive Linguistics; Descriptive Linguistics; *English; Language Patterns; *Morphology (Languages); Nominals; Pronouns; *Serbocroatian; Slavic Languages; Syntax; Verbs ABSTRACT The fifth volume of this series contains ten articles dealing with various aspects of Serbo-Croatian-English contrastive analysis. They are: "On the Word Order of Subject and Predicate in English and Serbo-Croatian from the Point of View of Functional Sentence Perspective," by Ljiljana Bibovic; "The English Personal Pronoun -lid Their Serbo-Croatian Equivalents," by Maja Dubravcic; "Subject Composed of Clause," by Zorica Grdanicki; "Verbs with One Object in English and Serbo-Croatian," by Draginja Pervaz; "The English Pronoun 'Ito and Its Serbo-Croatian Equivalents" and "The English Preterit Tense and Its Serbo-Croatian Equivalents, both by Leonardo Spalatin; "Verbs Pith Two Objects in English and Serbo-Croatian," by Radmila Sevic; "The Imperative and Its Periphrasis," by Mira Vlatkovic; "Notes on Linking Verbs and Complements in English and Sert,o-Croatian," by Vladimir Ivir; and "More on Linking Verb*Complement in English and Serbo-Croatian," by Midhat Ridjanovic. (CLK) *********************************************************************** * Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS), EDRS is not * * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * *********************************************************************** THE YUGOSLAV SERBO-CROATIAN-ENGLISH CONTRASTIVE PROJECT Director: Professor Rudolf Filipovie, Ph. D. A. REPORTS 5 ttott.t..,,vitstL.kE000ncv...1r..:.CV,' U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. 014.00 V *t t4,1, t./1.: Of IN (otkooTE0 Bo EDUCATION A WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF Center for Applied EDUCATOR THIS DOCUMENT HAS MN REPRO Linguistics OuCED EXACTLY AS RECEvED FROM 10 t.f«;, AO Oto(o.14,1A..v. e.ouso,&Tio,c, NE PERSON OR OR OANIZATTONORION ...AUK A«.$« f %PEW*, h ... Tr* 1,181 ttAi IN AriNc, if POINTS OF view OR OPINIONS i OA' m14 «f Vi.:) STATE* 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRE .o,rwo oto,Ava,51 SENT orpicsAL NATIONAL eNsTaTutE op .1 .It..414 ( o,, r I. ,rir ,,( t 04 t 1, ." EDUCATION POSITION OR POI ICY '.4).,V.el uhoiv. to . Toot .s..«Pf «4.« ,i401( A ZAGREB, 1971 INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS Washington, D. C., USA BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 THE YUGOSLAV SERBO-CROATIAN - ENGLISH CONTRASTIVE PROJECT Director: Professor Rudolf Filipovid, Ph. D. A. REPORTS 5 Reports: Lji ljana Bibovid. On the Word Order of Subject and Predicate in English and Serbo-Croatian from the Point of View of Functional Sentence Perspective 1 Maja Dubraveid. The English Persona Pronouns and Their Serbo- Croatian Equivalents 11 Zorica Grdanifki: Subject Composed of Clause 40 Draginja Pervaz. Verbs with One Object in English and Serbo-4 Croatian Sc Leonardo Spalatin: The English Pronoun nit" and Its Serbo- Croatian Equivalents t17 Leonardo Spalatin. The English Preterit Tense and Its Serbo- Croatian Equivalents 131 Radmi la gevid. Verbs with Two Objects in English and Serbo- Croatian 143 Mira Vlaticovi0. The Imperative and Its Periphrasis1 159 Discussion: Vladimir Ivir: Notes on Linking Verbs and Complements in English and Serbo-Croatian 173 Midhat Ridjanovid: More on Linking Verb + Complement in j English and Serbo-Croatian 184 Editedby RUDOLF FILIPOVId ZAGREB, 1971 INSTITUTE OF LINGUIST/CS Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS Washington, D. C., USA 3 Lji ljana Bibovid (University of Novi Sad)' $'. ON THE WORD ORDER OF SUBJECT AND PREDICATE IN ENGLISH AND SERBO-CROATIAN FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF FUNCTIONAL SENTENCE PERSPECTIVE 1, It is the chief aim of this paper to point out instances of the word order Predicate - Subject, known as inversion (henceforth P - S) in declarative sentencc.? in SC, where English has the so-called normal word order. Subject - Predicate (henceforth S - P). 2. The approach adopted in this paper is based on the theory of 'functional sentence perspective' (. FSP) developed by the linguists of the Prague School, a theory which has been particularly fruitful in ecpla,ning the phenomena of word order both in English and Czech and on which some comparative word- order studies have been based. The way in which the principle of functional sentence perspective affects word order is summarized by Jan Firbas in the following quotation: The principle of FSP (we shall explain later why we prefer this term to possible other ones) causes t'e sentence to open with thematic and close with rhematic elements. Very roughly speaking, thematic elements are such as convey facts that constitute the communicative basis of the sentence, such as contribute least towards the developments of the discourse and consequently convey the lowest degrce(s) of communicative dynamism (= CD) within the given sentence. Rhematic elements, on the other hand, are such as contribute most towards the development of the discourse and consequently convey the highest degree(s) of CD within the given sentence,1 4 - 2 - Thus, within the theory of FSP the crucial terms are theme and rheme; in languages which observe FSP the thane usually precedes the rheme. The difference between English and Czech in this respect, which has been pointed out with such clarity by the Czech linguists, wholly applies to E and SC, so that it may not be amiss to quote the same author again on this particular point, as this is a starting point for the comparison of the two word orders. Whereas in Czech - as Prof, M. has convincingly shown - it is the principle of FS?, in English it is the grammatical principle2, that plays the decisive role in determining the order of words. This explains why a non-emotive English sentence is less ready to observe the theme -rheme sequence than its Czech counterpart. FSP, however, is a formative factor of considerable weight and Enghsh has found means with which to make amends - at least to a certain extent - for the mentioned lack of readiness to observe the theme -rheme sequence.3 3. Among the means which English has found "to make amends" the author includes various passive constructions.4It has been noticed that there is a correlation between E passive and SC active constructions, both of which follow the theme -rheme sequence. Consider the following example: (1) The painting was bought, along with other pictures, by a wealthy American collector (E. P.I.p. 8) (ISC) Sliku jelrupio, kao i druge dike, jedan bogat Ainerikanac, kolekcionar. While E sticks to the grammatical principle, keeping the order S - P by turnitg the sentence into the passive, SC is capable of leaving the sentence in the active and beginning the sentence with the object, due to the inflectional 3 - 3 - cnding by which the object is marked But both languages observe the THEME- RHEME sequence, for it is the object in the sentence which is the theme, and in both (1) and (1SC) the theme begins the sentence. the surface subject in the English example being the DEEP OBJECT. Moreover. fISC) shows the inversion of the subject and predicate, which is the normal surd order in such sentences in SC; thus, there is a correlation not only between passive and active, btu also between passive and the word- circler P - S in E and SC. Thus we have: English aeroo-Croatian Passive Active Word order. S - P Word order: P - S (O-V-S) Theme: Me lo: 'Surface subject Surface object (deep ottject i (deep object) Purther examoles illustrate the same point: (31 This ability was first noticed by her father. (Alexander. p. 14) (2sr Ovu sposohnost je prvi zapasio njen otac.5 ttt The new bbrary was opened by the Mayor. (E. P.1. ,p. 25) (3SC) Novu bibltoteku otvorio je predsednik opttine.6 (4) lit. is bs:ng backed by a number of other people. too. (E. V.I.. p. 7) t ISC) Njega podriavaju I ninon drugs ljudi. V ,.. _ - - ----- _ - 4 - But notice that in SC in case the object pronoun is not stressed, it cannot remain in initial position.7 oGa podriavaju i mnogi drugi Uudi. (5) Fodriavalu ga f mnogi drugi ljudi. The result is the word order V - S.8This is also illustrated by the following examples: (6) He was given away by one of his accomplices. (E.V.I., p. 111) (8SC) Izdao je jedan od njegovih saudesnika. (7) He was sten out by the mistress of the house. (E.V.I., p. 241) MC) lzvila ga je dornadica. 9 4. Another device noticed by Mathesiuswith which English Shifts the non - thematic subject towards the end of the sentence is the preparatory there or an adverbial at the beginning of the sentence.SC insuch cases usually has recourseto inversion: (8) There appeared a man at the door. (FL, p. 15) (8SC) Na vratima se pojavi jedan aovek. (9) There took place between him and his son a violent and painful scene. (FL, p. 15) (95C) Izmedju njega I njegovog sine odigrala Sc burna i niudna scena.
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