Paleoclimate Reconstruction and Mire Development in the Eastern Great
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Medical, Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Use of Cyperus Articulatus L
11 Medical, Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Use of Cyperus articulatus L. – a Review Inês Ribeiro Machado1, Keila Rêgo Mendes2, Michel Rios Arévalo3, Aline Aparecida Munchen Kasper3, Kelly Christina Ferreira Castro3, Homero de Giorge Cerqueira2, Amanda Souza Silva3 & Lauro Euclides Soares Barata3 Recebido em 19/03/2020 – Aceito em 08/05/2020 1 Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro/UENF, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brasil. CEP: 28.013-600. <[email protected]>. 2 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, EQSW 103/104, Bloco “B”, Complexo Administrativo, Setor Sudoeste, Brasília/DF, Brasil. CEP: 70.670-350. <[email protected], [email protected]>. 3 Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará/UFOPA, Rua Vera Paz s/n (Unidade Tapajós), Bairro Salé, Santarém/PA, Brasil. CEP: 68.040-255. <[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]>. ABSTRACT – Cyperus articulatus L., belonging to the Cyperaceae family, is a plant species that has almost insignificant flowers at its ends. The stalks of the species produce tubers that, when cut, give off a fresh, woody and spicy smell; they are traditionally used in baths and in the manufacture of artisanal colonies in northern Brazil. In addition to use in cosmetics and perfumery, the plant also has medicinal and pharmacological properties. Among the pharmacological properties are the antimalarial, sedative, hepatoprotective, contraceptive effects on the central nervous system (CNS), insecticide, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, anthococcosis. The metabolites found related to the mentioned activities were cyperotundone, alpha-cyperone, mustacone for antimalarial activity in the chloroform extract of the priprioca rhizomes. -
Ranunculus Repens
TREATMENT OPTIONS from the book Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States This does not constitute a formal recommendation. When using herbicides always read the label, and when in doubt consult your farm advisor or county agent. This is an excerpt from the book Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States and is available wholesale through the UC Weed Research & Information Center (wric.ucdavis.edu) or retail through the Western Society of Weed Science (wsweedscience.org) or the California Invasive Species Council (cal-ipc.org). Ranunculus repens Creeping buttercup Family: Ranunculaceae (buttercup) NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL Cultural: grazing P Cultural: prescribed burning P Mechanical: mowing and cutting P low growing plants will escape injury and quickly recover Mechanical: tillage F─G must be conducted before roots become well established Mechanical: grubbing, digging or hand F creeping roots, only effective on small patches, remove all stem pulling fragments CHEMICAL CONTROL The following specific use information is based on published papers and reports by researchers and land managers. Other trade names may be available, and other compounds also are labeled for this weed. Directions for use may vary between brands; see label before use. 2,4-D E Imazapic NIA Aminocyclopyrachlor + chlorsulfuron E Imazapyr NIA Aminopyralid G─E Metsulfuron E Paraquat NIA Chlorsulfuron E Picloram E Clopyralid NIA Rimsulfuron NIA Dicamba E Sulfometuron NIA Glyphosate E Sulfosulfuron E* Hexazinone NIA Triclopyr G E = Excellent control, generally better than 95% * = Likely based on results of observations of G = Good control, 80-95% related species FLW = flowering F = Fair control, 50-80% NIA = No information available P = Poor control, below 50% Fa = Fall Control includes effects within the season of treatment. -
Selaginellaceae: Traditional Use, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology
MS Editions BOLETIN LATINOAMERICANO Y DEL CARIBE DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES Y AROMÁTICAS 19 (3): 247 - 288 (2020) © / ISSN 0717 7917 / www.blacpma.ms-editions.cl Revisión | Review Selaginellaceae: traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacology [Selaginellaceae: uso tradicional, fitoquímica y farmacología] Fernanda Priscila Santos Reginaldo, Isabelly Cristina de Matos Costa & Raquel Brandt Giordani College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Department. University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. Contactos | Contacts: Raquel Brandt GIORDANI - E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract: Selaginella is the only genus from Selaginellaceae, and it is considered a key factor in studying evolution. The family managed to survive the many biotic and abiotic pressures during the last 400 million years. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of Selaginella in order to recognize their potential and evaluate future research opportunities. Carbohydrates, pigments, steroids, phenolic derivatives, mainly flavonoids, and alkaloids are the main natural products in Selaginella. A wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities, some of them pointed out by folk medicine, has been reported. Future studies should afford valuable new data on better explore the biological potential of the flavonoid amentoflavone and their derivatives as chemical bioactive entities; develop studies about toxicity and, finally, concentrate efforts on elucidate mechanisms of action for biological properties already reported. Keywords: Selaginella; Natural Products; Overview. Resumen: Selaginella es el único género de Selaginellaceae, y se considera un factor clave en el estudio de la evolución. La familia logró sobrevivir a las muchas presiones bióticas y abióticas durante los últimos 400 millones de años. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Group B: Grasses & Grass-Like Plants
Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Grasses & grass like plants GROUP B: GRASSES & GRASS-LIKE PLANTS 271 Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Grasses & grass like plants Fig. 25. Cyperus compactus Retz. (a) Habit, (b) spikelet, (c) flower and (d) nut. 272 Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Grasses & grass like plants CYPERACEAE 25 Cyperus compactus Retz. Synonyms : Cyperus dilutus Vahl., Cyperus grabowskianus Bolck., Cyperus luzonensis Llanos, Cyperus septatus Steud., Duraljouvea diluta Palla, Mariscus compactus Boldingh, Mariscus dilutus Nees, Mariscus microcephalus Presl., Sphaeromariscus microcephalus Camus Vernacular name(s) : Prumpungan, Jekeng, Suket (Ind.), Wampi lang (PNG), Baki-baking- pula, Durugi, Giron (Phil.). Description : A robust, perennial herb, 15-120 cm tall. Does not have stolons, and the rhizome is either very short or absent altogether. Stems are bluntly 3-angular, sometimes almost round, smooth, and with a diameter of up to 6 mm. The stem, leaves and sheath have numerous air-chambers. Leaves are 5-12 mm wide, stiff, deeply channelled, and as long as or shorter than the stem. Leaf edges and midrib are coarse towards the end of the leaf. Lower leaves are spongy and reddish-brown. Flowers are terminal and grouped in a large, up to 30 cm diameter umbrella-shaped cluster that has a reddish-brown colour. Large leaflets at the base of the flower cluster are up to 100 cm long. Spikelets (see illustration) are stemless and measure 5-15 by 1-1.5 mm. Ecology : Occurs in a variety of wetlands, including swamps, wet grasslands, coastal marshes, ditches, riverbanks, and occasionally in the landward margin of mangroves. -
Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska
Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska Cover photographs by (top to bottom, left to right): Tara Chestnut/Hannah E. Anderson, Jamie Fenneman, Vanessa Morgan, Dana Visalli, Jamie Fenneman, Lynda K. Moore and Denny Lassuy. Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska This document is based on An Aquatic Plant Identification Manual for Washington’s Freshwater Plants, which was modified with permission from the Washington State Department of Ecology, by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University for Alaska Department of Fish and Game US Fish & Wildlife Service - Coastal Program US Fish & Wildlife Service - Aquatic Invasive Species Program December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................ x Introduction Overview ............................................................................. xvi How to Use This Manual .................................................... xvi Categories of Special Interest Imperiled, Rare and Uncommon Aquatic Species ..................... xx Indigenous Peoples Use of Aquatic Plants .............................. xxi Invasive Aquatic Plants Impacts ................................................................................. xxi Vectors ................................................................................. xxii Prevention Tips .................................................... xxii Early Detection and Reporting -
Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database. -
Nutsedge and Kyllinga Control for Homeowners
ESC-027 04-15 Nutsedge and Kyllinga Control forHomeowners Matt Elmore, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Casey Reynolds, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, The Texas A&M University System utsedge and kyllinga can be difficult to control in lawns because they are perennials that grow from underground Nrhizomes and/or tubers. Like many other warm- season perennial weeds, they emerge in late spring/early summer when soil temperatures increase, grow throughout the summer months, and disappear at first frost in the fall/winter. One exception is annual sedge, which is a true annual Figure 1. Cross-section of triangular stem (left) and and does not develop rhizomes and tubers—it three-ranked leaf arrangement (right) of sedge and kyl- emerges from seed and persists throughout the linga species. warm-season months. Sedges (Cyperus spp.) and kyllingas (Kyllinga Figure 2. spp.) belong to the sedge family (Cyperaceae) and Sedge and at first glance can look like grasses, especially in kyllinga leaves often mowed turf. However, closer inspection reveals have a waxy that their stem, floral, and vegetative charac- appearance teristics are quite different from grasses. Unlike and v-shaped grasses, they have pith-filled triangular stems and groove. three-ranked leaves (Fig. 1). They also lack other grass features such as collars, hairs, ligules, and auricles. The leaf blades of sedges appear waxy and have a v-shaped groove (Fig. 2). sedge (Cyperus compressus L.), green kyllinga The sedge family (Cyperaceae) is one of the (Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.) and false green kyl- largest families of monocots in Texas and con- linga (Kyllinga gracillima Miq.). -
Sedge Golf Solutions
Solution sheet Sedge // The Problem Sedges, nutsedges and kyllingas all belong to the Sedge (Cyperaceae) family and are commonly referred to collectively as ‘sedges’. Sedges are one of the most common and hard-to-control warm-season turf weeds superintendents have to deal with. There are many different species present in warm-season turf, most are in the genus Cyperus, while kyllingas are in the genus Kyllinga. Sedges can be broken down into three main groups, with the important sedges in each listed below. Nutsedges — Perennial sedges that form nutlets or tubers in the soil // Yellow nut sedge (Cyperus esculentus) // Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Rhizomatous kyllingas — Tend to form mats, can be perennial or annual // Green kyllinga (Kyllinga brevifolia) // Cock’s comb kyllinga (Kyllinga squamulata) // False-green kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima) Non-tuberous sedges — Can be perennial or annual // Annual or annual flat sedge (Cyperus compressus) // Globe sedge (Cyperus croceus) // Fragrant or annual kyllinga (Kyllinga sesquiflorus) // Surinam sedge (Cyperus surinamensis) // Cylindric sedge (Cyperus retrorus) // Texas sedge (Cyperus polystachyos) What To Look For Sedges tend to show up in patches on golf courses. Most sedges prefer wet areas and are found in areas with poor drainage. Some sedges can tolerate low mowing while other sedges, such as yellow and purple nutsedge, do not tolerate low mowing. Sedges are easily identified by their triangular stem. Leaves are slender and have a very shiny appearance. Close-up of purple nutsedge in turf. Close-up of kyllinga in turf. (Dr. Bert McCarty, Clemson University) (Dr. Bert McCarty, Clemson University) // The Solution There are many sedges that are weed problems on golf courses, and identification is critical for successful control. -
The Ranunculus Acris L. Complex in Europe S
Watsonia, 8, 237-261 (1971). 237 The Ranunculus acris L. complex in Europe s. M. COLES Department ofBotany, Birmingham University ABSTRACT The geographical variation of the Ranunculus acris L. complex within Europe has been exam ined. The following taxa are recognised in this present work: Ranunculus granatensis Boiss. R. strigulosus Schur R. acris L. sensu stricto subsp. acris var. acris var. ,,;llosus (Drabble) S. M. Coles, comb. et stat. novo var. pumilus Wahlenb. subsp. borealis (Trautv.) Nyman subsp.friesanus (Jord.) Rouy & Fouc. var.friesanus var.pyrenaeus S. M. Coles, var. novo R. granatensis and R. strigulosus have a restricted distribution and are relatively uniform in appearance. R. acris sensu stricto occurs over most of Europe and is a very variable plant. The main clinal variation in R. acris is in an east-west direction. R. acris subsp. friesanus forms no part of this variational pattern although its distribution is completely overlapped by that of subsp. acris. INTRODUCTION The plants investigated in this study are those included in Ranunculus acris L. as defined by Tutin (1964). R. acris L. sensu stricto in the present study excludes R. acris subsp. granatensis (Boiss.) Nyman and subsp. strigulosus (Schur) Hyl., which are given specific status. The R. acris complex belongs to the section Ranunculus of the subgenus Ranunculus. It can be separated from most other European species of this section by having a terete pedicel, patent sepals and a glabrous receptacle. The diploid chromosome number of R. acris L. sensu stricto is 14; within the genus a basic chromosome number of 8 is more common than one of 7. -
Ranunculus Parviflorus (Ranunculaceae) Naturalized in Kansas
Singhurst, J.R., J.N. Mink, and W.C. Holmes. 2018. Ranunculus parviflorus (Ranunculaceae) naturalized in Kansas. Phytoneuron 2018-22: 1–3. Published 25 April 2018. ISSN 2153 733X RANUNCULUS PARVIFLORUS (RANUNCULACEAE) NATURALIZED IN KANSAS JASON R. SINGHURST Wildlife Diversity Program Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 4200 Smith School Road Austin, Texas 78744 [email protected] JEFFERY N. MINK 3229 Cole Avenue Waco, Texas 76707 [email protected] WALTER C. HOLMES Department of Biology Baylor University Waco, Texas 76798-7388 ABSTRACT Ranunculus parviflorus is documented here in the naturalized flora of southeast Kansas, where it was collected at two locations in the town of Neodesha. Ranunculus parviflorus L. (Ranunculaceae) (smallflower buttercup) (Figure 1) is a herbaceous annual native to Europe (Salisbury 1931; Fernald 1950; Fitzgerald 2002). The species is naturalized in subtropical and temperate areas of North and South America (Benson 1948; Hernandez 1993) and Australia and New Zealand (Bock 1979). Ranunculus parviflorus is now found from California north through Oregon and Washington (to British Columbia) and in the eastern USA from western Florida north to New York, west through the Midwest to central Missouri, south through eastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas, east to Florida, including Hawaii (Brouillet et al. 2006; Hickman 1993; Lowe 1921; Mohr 1901; Stone et al. 1992; Wunderlin et al. 1996). Early collections in the USA were made by Chickering at Ft. Monroe, Virginia, in 1878 (KANU) and Curtiss in Gadsden Co., Florida, in 1889 (USFH 6400) (Wunderlin et al. 2018). Ranunculus parviflorus has not been included in floras or checklists for Kansas (Brooks 1986; Haddock et al. -
CBD First National Report
FIRST NATIONAL REPORT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY July 2010 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................... 3 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 4 2. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Geographic Profile .......................................................................................... 5 2.2 Climate Profile ...................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Population Profile ................................................................................................. 7 2.4 Economic Profile .................................................................................................. 7 3 THE BIODIVERSITY OF SERBIA .............................................................................. 8 3.1 Overview......................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Ecosystem and Habitat Diversity .................................................................... 8 3.3 Species Diversity ............................................................................................ 9 3.4 Genetic Diversity ............................................................................................. 9 3.5 Protected Areas .............................................................................................10