Stop the MYOPIA TSUNAMI in Its Tracks
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Differentiate Red Eye Disorders
Introduction DIFFERENTIATE RED EYE DISORDERS • Needs immediate treatment • Needs treatment within a few days • Does not require treatment Introduction SUBJECTIVE EYE COMPLAINTS • Decreased vision • Pain • Redness Characterize the complaint through history and exam. Introduction TYPES OF RED EYE DISORDERS • Mechanical trauma • Chemical trauma • Inflammation/infection Introduction ETIOLOGIES OF RED EYE 1. Chemical injury 2. Angle-closure glaucoma 3. Ocular foreign body 4. Corneal abrasion 5. Uveitis 6. Conjunctivitis 7. Ocular surface disease 8. Subconjunctival hemorrhage Evaluation RED EYE: POSSIBLE CAUSES • Trauma • Chemicals • Infection • Allergy • Systemic conditions Evaluation RED EYE: CAUSE AND EFFECT Symptom Cause Itching Allergy Burning Lid disorders, dry eye Foreign body sensation Foreign body, corneal abrasion Localized lid tenderness Hordeolum, chalazion Evaluation RED EYE: CAUSE AND EFFECT (Continued) Symptom Cause Deep, intense pain Corneal abrasions, scleritis, iritis, acute glaucoma, sinusitis, etc. Photophobia Corneal abrasions, iritis, acute glaucoma Halo vision Corneal edema (acute glaucoma, uveitis) Evaluation Equipment needed to evaluate red eye Evaluation Refer red eye with vision loss to ophthalmologist for evaluation Evaluation RED EYE DISORDERS: AN ANATOMIC APPROACH • Face • Adnexa – Orbital area – Lids – Ocular movements • Globe – Conjunctiva, sclera – Anterior chamber (using slit lamp if possible) – Intraocular pressure Disorders of the Ocular Adnexa Disorders of the Ocular Adnexa Hordeolum Disorders of the Ocular -
Comparitive Study of Astigmatism Before and After Pterygium Excision
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 18, Issue 8 Ser. 6 (August. 2019), PP 24-26 www.iosrjournals.org Comparitive Study of Astigmatism before and After Pterygium Excision. Dr. Divya V Shenoy¹, Dr. Nelly Nazareth² 1 (Postgraduate , Deparment of Ophthalmology, Father Muller Medical college Hosptial , India) 2 (Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Fathermuller Medical college Hospital , India) Corresponding author: Dr. Divya V Shenoy Abstract: Objective:To study the reversal of induced astigmatism by pterygium following its excision and conjunctival limbal autograft with no suture and no glue technique. Methods: 33 patients with nasal pterygium were included. All patients were examined and graded for the degree of pterygium, keratometry and visual acuity before and after the procedure. All patients underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autograft with no suture no glue technique by the same surgeon.Results :Amoung 33 patients ,16 patients with grade 1 and 17 with grade 2 were included.There was significant reduction of astigmatism post operatively in the form of reduction in the difference between K1 and K2 for Grade 1 (p= 0.001) and Grade 2 ptergia. (p< 0.001)The post operative difference of K1-K2 stabilizes at 1 month.Conclusion: There is significant improvement in post op visual acuity and induced astigmatism following pterygium excision . Key words: Pterygium, Astigmatism. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Date of Submission: 29-07-2019 Date of Acceptance: 14-08-2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- I. Introduction Pterygium is a fibroelastic degeneration of the conjunctiva with encroachment onto the cornea.It is a wingshaped overgrowth of fibrovascular connective tissue of the bulbar conjunctiva toward and onto the cornea. -
Causes of Heterochromia Iridis with Special Reference to Paralysis Of
CAUSES OF HETEROCHROMIA IRIDIS WITH SPECIAL REFER- ENCE TO PARALYSIS OF THE CERVICAL SYMPATHETIC. F. PHINIZY CALHOUN, M. D. ATLANTA, GA. This abstract of a candidate's thesis presented for membership in the American Ophthal- mological Society, includes the reports of cases, a general review of the literature of the sub- ject, the results of experiments, and histologic observations on the effect of extirpation of the cervical sympathetic in the rab'bit, the conclusions reached from the investigation, and a bib- liography. That curious condition which con- thinks that the word hetcrochromia sists in a difference in the pigmentation should apply to those cases in which of the two eyes, is regarded by the parts of the same iris have different casual observer as a play or caprice of colors. In those cases where a cycli- nature. This phenomenon has for cen- tis accompanies the iris decoloration, turies been noted, and was called hcte- Butler8 uses the term "heterochromic roglaucus by Aristotle1. One who cyclitis," but the "Chronic Cyclitis seriously studies the subject, is at once with Decoloration of the Iris" as de- impressed with the complexity of the scribed by Fuchs" undoubtedly gives a situation, and soon learns that nature more accurate description of the dis- plays a comparatively small part in its ease, notwithstanding its long title. causation. It is however only within The commonly accepted and most uni- a comparatively recent time that the versally used term Hetcrochromia Iri- pathologic aspect has been considered, dis exactly expresses and implies the and in this discussion I especially wish picture from its derivation (irtpoa to draw attention to that part played other, xpw/xa) color. -
A Complete Guide to Pterygium Surgery
A Complete Guide to Pterygium | Carnosidad del ojos Surgery A Complete Guide to Pterygium | Carnosidad del ojos Surgery A Complete Guide to Pterygium Surgery 1 1 Building a Practice with Passion – ¾ OF THE PAGE THIS TEXT OTHER PART FULL PHOTO OF DR. MARTINEZ LABELED AT BuildingTHE BOTTOM LEFT HAND a CORNERPractice J. Alberto Martinez, with MD Pterygium, Passion Cataract & Refractive Surgeon How you see the world truly matters. A lot of us take it for granted, but Dr. Alberto Martinez does not. Your vision J. Alberto Martinez, MD is his passion and Pterygium, Cataract & Refractive Surgeon life’s work. How you see the world truly matters. A lot of us take it for granted, but Dr. Alberto Martinez does not. Your vision is his passion and life’s work. Having come to the U.S. from Colombia at the age of A Complete Guide to Pterygium | Carnosidad del ojos Surgery 2 Witnessing the profound effect on this person’s life, he was completely captivated. Since that time, Dr. Martinez has completely dedicated himself to offering the finest vision health care combined with offering the latest in technology. He has put together a team of experts or ‘the special ops’ team to 2 Having come to the U.S. from Colombia as an economic refugee, Dr. Martinez came to America to pursue the American dream. He worked in blue-collar jobs for three years and then served in the United States Navy for six years before finishing college summa cum laude at American University, and being admitted to Georgetown University Medical School. -
Concomitant Use of Conjunctival Tissue Graft from Pterygium Itself in Primary Pterygium Surgery
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 18, Issue 11 Ser.2 (November. 2019), PP 80-84 www.iosrjournals.org Concomitant Use of Conjunctival Tissue Graft from Pterygium Itself in Primary Pterygium Surgery 1. DrM.V.D.LSathyanarayanana,M.S, Department of ophthalmology Govt,Medical college Kadapa Andhra Pradesh,India 2.Dr.M.Sravani 23rd year PG in Ophthalmology Govt.MedicalCollege Kadapa Andhra Pradesh,India Corresponding Author: DrM.V.D.LSathyanarayanana Aims & objectives:To evaluate the outcome of concomitant use of conjunctival tissue graft from pterygium itself without use of glue or sutures in primary pterygium surgery. Materials & Methods: Study was conducted on 25 patients whose age>30 yrs with thorough ocular examination and blood investigationsrequired for surgery. After peribulbar anesthesia, thin layer of conjunctival graft was fashioned from pterygium tissue .This conjunctival layer from the pterygium itself was then separated completely from the underlying fibrovascular tissue and kept onto the corneal surface then fibrovascular tissue was excised. Thin conjunctival layer was then transferred to bare sclera bed with epithelial side up and without any rotation and adhered to the bare sclera bed using fibrin blood clot Results: The study showed the patient has minimal recurrence rate, no graft oedema. Keywords:Conjunctiva, pterygium ,autograft , fibrin glue , glaucoma , pterygium recurrence. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Date of Submission:24-10-2019 Date of Acceptance:09-11-2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- I. Introduction Pterygium is believed to be a consequence of ultraviolet-induced damage with subsequent elastotic degeneration of conjunctival collagen. %. It is a wing-shaped ocular surface lesion traditionally described as an encroachment of bulbar conjunctiva onto the cornea. -
Floaters-Survey-Ophthalmol-2016.Pdf
survey of ophthalmology 61 (2016) 211e227 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/survophthal Major review Vitreous floaters: Etiology, diagnostics, and management Rebecca Milston, MOptoma, Michele C. Madigan, PhDb,c, J. Sebag, MD, FACS, FRCOphth, FARVOd,* a Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia b School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia c Save Sight Institute and Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia d VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, California, USA article info abstract Article history: Vitreous is a hydrated extracellular matrix comprised primarily of water, collagens, and Received 3 July 2015 hyaluronan organized into a homogeneously transparent gel. Gel liquefaction results from Received in revised form 25 molecular alterations with dissociation of collagen from hyaluronan and aggregation of November 2015 collagen fibrils forming fibers that cause light scattering and hence symptomatic floaters, Accepted 25 November 2015 especially in myopia. With aging, gel liquefaction and weakened vitreoretinal adhesion Available online 8 December 2015 result in posterior vitreous detachment, the most common cause of primary symptomatic floaters arising from the dense collagen matrix of the posterior vitreous cortex. Recent Keywords: studies indicate that symptomatic floaters are not only more prevalent, but also have a vitreous negative impact on the quality of life that is greater than previously appreciated. We review collagen the literature concerning management of symptomatic vitreous floaters, currently either myopia with observation, vitrectomy, or Nd:YAG laser. -
Strabismus: a Decision Making Approach
Strabismus A Decision Making Approach Gunter K. von Noorden, M.D. Eugene M. Helveston, M.D. Strabismus: A Decision Making Approach Gunter K. von Noorden, M.D. Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas Eugene M. Helveston, M.D. Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana Published originally in English under the title: Strabismus: A Decision Making Approach. By Gunter K. von Noorden and Eugene M. Helveston Published in 1994 by Mosby-Year Book, Inc., St. Louis, MO Copyright held by Gunter K. von Noorden and Eugene M. Helveston All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the authors. Copyright © 2010 Table of Contents Foreword Preface 1.01 Equipment for Examination of the Patient with Strabismus 1.02 History 1.03 Inspection of Patient 1.04 Sequence of Motility Examination 1.05 Does This Baby See? 1.06 Visual Acuity – Methods of Examination 1.07 Visual Acuity Testing in Infants 1.08 Primary versus Secondary Deviation 1.09 Evaluation of Monocular Movements – Ductions 1.10 Evaluation of Binocular Movements – Versions 1.11 Unilaterally Reduced Vision Associated with Orthotropia 1.12 Unilateral Decrease of Visual Acuity Associated with Heterotropia 1.13 Decentered Corneal Light Reflex 1.14 Strabismus – Generic Classification 1.15 Is Latent Strabismus -
Pigeucula and Pterygium
What Is a Pinguecula and a Pterygium (Surfer's Eye)? Written By: Kierstan Boyd Reviewed By: James M Huffman, MD Oct. 29, 2020 Pinguecula and pterygium are growths on your eye’s conjunctiva, the clear covering over the white part of the eye. Pinguecula is a yellowish, raised growth on the conjunctiva. It’s usually on the side of the eye near your nose, but can happen on the other side too. A pinguecula is a deposit of protein, fat, or calcium. Pterygium is a growth of fleshy tissue (has blood vessels) that may start as a pinguecula. It can remain small or grow large enough to cover part of the cornea. When this happens, it can affect your vision. Both pinguecula and pterygium are believed to be caused by a combination of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, wind and dust. Avoiding pinguecula and pterygium lf you have had a pinguecula or a pterygium at least once before, try to avoid the things that cause these growths. Here are some ways: ● wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from ultraviolet (UV) light ● protect your eyes from dust by wearing glasses or goggles ● use artificial tears when your eyes are dry Symptoms of pinguecula and pterygium can range from mild to severe. They include: ● redness and swelling of the conjunctiva, mostly while the pterygium grows ● a yellow spot or bump on the white of your eye ● dry, itchy, burning eyes. Or feeling like sand or grit is stuck in your eye ● blurry vision In many cases pinguecula and pterygium do not need to be treated. -
Beta Irradiation: New Uses for an Old Treatment
Eye (2003) 17, 207–215 & 2003 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-222X/03 $25.00 www.nature.com/eye 1 2;3 1;4 Beta irradiation: JF Kirwan , PH Constable , IE Murdoch and PT CLINICAL STUDY Khaw2;4 new uses for an old treatment: a review Abstract beta radiation in the prevention of restenosis following coronary balloon angioplasty or Beta radiation has a long history as a treatment stenting is highly topical. Placement of 32P wires modality in ophthalmology. It is a convenient markedly reduced subsequent restenosis rates and practical method of applying radiation in a recently reported randomised controlled and has the advantage of minimal tissue trial, and extensive investigation continues in penetration. There has been a recent this field.1,2 In ophthalmology, the role of both resurgence in the use of beta radiation in other external beam radiation and brachytherapy in areas in medicine, such as the prevention of the management of age-related macular restenosis after coronary artery stenting. Beta degeneration (ARMD) and the role of beta radiation has been shown in vitro and in vivo radiation in trabeculectomy are currently under to inhibit proliferation of human Tenon’s evaluation. It is therefore appropriate to revisit fibroblasts, which enter a period of growth the role of beta radiation in ophthalmology. arrest but do not die. Effects on the cell cycle controller p53 have been shown to be important in this process. In ophthalmology, beta radiation has been Beta radiation used widely for the treatment of pterygium Beta radiation is a particulate radiation and is under evaluation for treatment of age- consisting of high-speed electrons, which are 1Department of related macular degeneration and for rapidly attenuated by biological tissues (2 MeV Epidemiology and controlling wound healing after glaucoma beta particles have a range of only 1 cm in International Eye Health drainage surgery. -
Incomitant Esotropia Following Pterygium Excision Surgery
CLINICAL SCIENCES Incomitant Esotropia Following Pterygium Excision Surgery Noa Ela-Dalman, MD; Federico G. Velez, MD; Arthur L. Rosenbaum, MD Objective: To report the clinical characteristics and treat- subject had conjunctival-perimuscular connective tis- ment of subjects with incomitant esotropia following uni- sue complex surgery alone. Postoperatively, all patients lateral pterygium excision. had orthotropia in the primary position and the devia- tion in the abducting field was improved to 5.2 PD (range, Methods: A retrospective review of 6 consecutive pa- 0-14 PD). tients who developed incomitant esotropia, limited ab- duction, and diplopia following unilateral pterygium ex- Conclusions: Incomitant esotropia is an uncommon but cision surgery. serious complication following pterygium excision sur- gery. Medial rectus muscle recession combined with scar Results: The mean preoperative deviation was 6 prism tissue removal is required to eliminate diplopia in the pri- diopters (PD) (range, 0-25 PD) in the primary position mary position. Conjunctiva-perimuscular scar tissue re- and 13.8 PD (range, 6-25 PD) in the abducting field of moval may suffice to improve diplopia in the abduction the involved eye. Four patients underwent simulta- gaze position. neous surgery on the conjunctiva-perimuscular connec- tive tissue complex and the medial rectus muscle. One Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125:369-373 IPLOPIA AND STRABISMUS eral millimeters onto the cornea. This may are uncommon compli- result in conjunctival loss, scar tissue for- cations following -
Ophthalmic Drugs Part 2 — the Pros and Cons of Cycloplegia
CET Continuing education Ophthalmic drugs Part 2 — The pros and cons of cycloplegia n active ciliary body In the second of our series looking at drugs and their use in controls the eye’s accommodation process, optometric practice, Catherine Viner discusses cycloplegics, how allowing near focusing they work, when they should be used and how to undertake to occur. The ciliary body is made up mainly cycloplegic refraction. Module C19478, one general CET point for Aof smooth muscle, known as the ciliary optometrists and dispensing opticians muscle. Accommodation occurs when the muscarinic receptors within the ciliary muscle are stimulated by the parasympathetic neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (see Part 1 Optician Poor acuity and/or stereopsis 29.06.12). The ciliary muscle then In paediatric patients, these can be contracts, pulling the ciliary body indicative of amblyopia, potentially forward. Tension in the suspensory caused by uncorrected hypermetropia, ligaments supporting the crystalline lens astigmatism, anisometropia or is reduced. As a result, the lens becomes strabismus. To fully investigate the more convex, and thereby increases its cause, a cycloplegic refraction is refractive power. Adequate focus for recommended. nearer targets is then achieved.1 To obtain the true distance correction, Family history of squint, it is imperative that refraction takes amblyopia or hypermetropia place when the patient has relaxed A child is predisposed to these his/her accommodation. For most conditions if a positive family history adults and some children, this can be exists. Should this be the case, due to the achieved by directing the patient to potential risk of amblyopia, it would view a non-accommodative distance seem sensible to fully investigate the target. -
How Effective Are Atropine Eye Drops at Reducing Myopia Progression in Children?
The University of Manchester Research How effective are atropine eye drops at reducing myopia progression in children? Document Version Final published version Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Jinabhai, A., & Glover, M. (2019). How effective are atropine eye drops at reducing myopia progression in children? Optometry in Practice (OiP), 20(3), 1-18. [EV-59579 C-72220]. https://www.college-optometrists.org/oip- resource/atropine-eye-drops-to-control-myopia-progression.html Published in: Optometry in Practice (OiP) Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:03. Oct. 2021 Optometry in Practice (Online) ISSN 2517-5696 Volume 20 Issue 3 How effective are atropine eye drops at reducing myopia progression in children? Amit Navin Jinabhai PhD BSc(Hons) MCOptom FBCLA FHEA FEAOO and Mark Glover BSc(Hons) MCOptom The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry EV-59579 C-72220 1 CET point for UK optometrists Abstract Myopia is a global problem which typically shows the highest prevalence in the Far East.