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Country Report of People's Republic of China.Pdf Country Report (2004) For the 37th Session of Typhoon Committee ESCAP/WMO Shanghai, P. R. China 16 – 20 November 2004 People’s Republic of China I. Overview of Meteorological and Hydrological Conditions during the Year 1. Meteorological Assessment From Jan.1 to Sept. 30 2004, in total 22 tropical cyclones were formed over the Western North Pacific and the South China Sea (Figure1.1). The total number was well over the average (19.77). 1 TC was formed in April, 2 in May, 5 in June and 8 in August. The number was more than the average 0.73, 1.04, 1.83 and 5.83, respectively. 3 TCs were formed in July and 3 in September. The number was less than the average 4.13 and 3.58, respectively. Six tropical cyclones landed over China, including Typhoon Mindulle (0407), Tropical Storm Kompasu (0409), Tropical Storm Nameless (04xx), Typhoon Rananim (0413), Typhoon Aere (0417) and Tropical Storm Haima (0420). Moreover, there were eight tropical cyclones impacting the off-shore region of China without making landfalls: Typhoon Nida (0402), Conson (0404), Chanthu (0405), Dianmu (0406), Megi (0415), Chaba (0416), Songda (0418) and Meari (0421). Figure 1.1 Tropical Cyclone Tracks from Jan. to Aug., 2004 There were four characteristics for the tropical cyclones this year. First of all, they had a longer lifespan. Among all the cyclones, 13 lasted for more than (exclusive) 5 days and they made up 59.1% of the total. The one with the longest lifespan was Chaba (0416) and it lasted for 12 days. Secondly, the source regions of tropical 1 cyclones were relatively concentrated. The active regions of tropical cyclones in the Western North Pacific usually were located from the east of Philippines to 150oE. There were 14 tropical cyclones born in this area from January to September this year and they made up 63.6% of all. Furthermore, 5 tropical cyclones generated in the region between 150oE and 180oE and they made up 22.7%. And 3 tropical cyclones formed over the South China Sea, its number is less than the average (3.54). Thirdly, there was an obvious concentrated period of tropical cyclone occurrence. Among the 22 tropical cyclones, 16 were generated between June and August, the number of which amounted to 72.7% of all, which was higher than the average 59.64%. Moreover, 8 tropical cyclones were born in August and they accounted to 36.4% of all, which was higher than the average 29.5%. Finally, the intensities of tropical cyclones were usually strong. Among the 22 tropical cyclones, 15 met the typhoon intensity, and they made up 68.2% of all and this ratio was higher than the average 59.9%. During 2004, the climate backgrounds or the climate conditions, which are all considered as the major factors for the prediction of typhoon activity in 2004, were as follows: SST in the Western Pacific in 2004 was near normal. SSTA in the Western Pacific in 2004 was higher than that in 2003 but lower than that in 2002 (Figure1.2). Figure1.2. Monthly Mean SST (top) and SSTA (bottom) in July, 2004 Tropical convection activity indicated by OLR in the Western Pacific in the 2003/04 (winter) was stronger than that in the 2002/03 (winter), but weaker than that in the 2001/02 (winter). The NW Pacific Subtropical High was stronger and more westward than normal. The precipitation amount and areas hit by typhoons during Jun. - Sep. 2004. There were totally 9 typhoons that impacted China and brought precipitation in land during this period (Figure1.3), with 6 landfall cases (MINDULLE, KOMPASU, an unnamed tropical storm numbered 04XX only by China, RANANIM, AERE and HAIMA) and 3 offshore affecting cases (CHANTHU, MEGI and MEARI). With regard to impacted area, typhoon RANANIM was the most important one, with a precipitation 2 volume of 56km3 which is about 1.5 times of the dam volume of the Three Gorge Dam, and the impacted area was 2,040,000km2 which is more than 1/5 of the area of mainland China. Undoubtedly, RANANIM was the strongest typhoon that hit Zhejiang Province in the past 48 years. In addition, typhoon AERE was the second important case during the period, with a precipitation volume being 21km3 and the impacted area reaching 1,180,000km2, which were much smaller than these of RANANIM. 250 60 impacted area(10000km impacted 台风影响面积 impacted area precipitationvolume(k 台风体积降水precipitation volume 50 200 ） 40 150 10000km2 （ 30 积 面 响 100 影 m 风 2 ) 20 3 台 ) 50 10 0 0 CHANTHU123456789 MINDULLE KOMPASU Nameless RANANIM MEGI AERE HAIMA MEARI 灿都 蒲公英 圆规 (04xx) 云娜 鲇鱼 艾利 海马 米雷 Figure1.3 The precipitation volumes and impacted areas for typhoon cases that impacted China during Jun. to Sep. 2004 2. Hydrological assessment No basin-scale flood occurred during the flood season of 2004 in China. Some small and medium-scale rivers, such as Lihe river in Huai River Basin, Liujiang River in Pear River Basin, Yuanjiang River and Zishui River in Dongting Lake Catchments, witness serious floods caused by torrential rainfall, especially in Niyanghe River, tributary of border River Brahmaputra, and Dayingjiang River, tributary of border River Yiluowadi, flood crest of which broke the historical records. Among 6 tropical cyclones which landed along the coastline of China in 2004, Rananim was most notable one in term of its exceptionally high intensity, longer duration and large scope it affected. 7 Provinces experienced the influence Rananim posed. The maximum rainfall for 12 hours and 24 hours caused by Rananim in Zhejiang province, reached the record in 100 years. However, the heavy rainfall brought by Rananim relieved the long-time drought to some extent. Thanks to the effective measures to combat flood and drought, especially the timely and accurate hydrological data collection, information dissemination, flood forecasting and so on, China had a relatively smooth and safe flood season basically. 3. Socio-economic assessment 3 The landed typhoons and tropical storms in China brought abundant precipitation, and abated the agricultural drought in the southern Yangzi River, and the reservoir water storage was increased. However, the violent gust, heavy rain and associated astronomical tides also brought about severe losses in the coastal areas during this year, especially in Zhejiang Province. According to the preliminary statistics, 22.58 million people and 8890 km2 farmland were affected by tropical cyclones, and 176 are killed, and left 53 missing and 2126 injured or sick, 85.9 thousands of houses collapsed and 265.1 thousands of houses were destroyed. The direct economic losses were about 23.5 billion RMB Yuan. Comparing the disaster losses with those of the last 10 years, the economic losses caused by the typhoon and storms in China during January to August in 2004 were less severe than the first 8 years but more severe than those of the last two years. 4 II. Meteorology 1. Progress in Member’s and Regional Cooperation and Selected RCPIP Goals and Objectives a. Hardware and/or Software progress The geo-stationary meteorological satellite FY-2C FY-2C is the first operational Geostationary Meteorological Satellite in China, which is located in 105°E, it is also the first one for the second FY-2 group, which is consisted of three satellites. It is planned that this group will be in service from 2004 to 2012. FY-2C was successfully launched in October .19th in 2004, and ten day later, the first visible image was received (Figure2.1), and now it is in orbit test period，it will be in operational service on March in 2005. Figure2.1 The First Visible Image of FY-2C Compared with first group of FY-2, the second group has 5 spectral channels on Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR); it means two channels are increased. ¾ The infrared window channel (10.5-12.5µm) is split to two channels. It will improve the accuracy of sea surface temperature (SST) product. ¾ The new channel (3.5-4.0µm) can improve the accuracy of land surface temperature (LST) product, cloud parameters and the watching capability of forest/grass fire. 5 ¾ The visible channel band is changed from 0.5-1.05µm to .55-0.90µm; this will reduce the affection of water vapor absorbability to visible data. ¾ The infrared channels radiative resolution are improved, the quantification scale is changed from 8bit to 10 bits. ¾ The space resolution of visible channel is also improved from 1.44km to 1.25km. The characteristics of the FY-2 second group VISSR are shown in Table2.1 and Table2.2. Table2.1 Visible Channel Characteristics Wavelength 0.55～0.90 micrometer FOV 35 microrad Resolution (at Nadir) 1.25 km Dynamic Range of Sensor 0~98% Noise Performance S/N=1.5 ( Albedo =0.5%) S/N=50 (Albedo=95%) Number of Sensor 4 + 4 Quantification Scale 6bit Calibration Solar and Electronic Table2.2 Infrared Channels Characteristics Band IR1 IR2 IR3 IR4 Wavelength(µm) 10.3～11.3 11.5～12.5 6.3～7.6 3.5～4.0 FOV 140 140 140 140 Resolution(km) 5 5 5 5 Dynamic Range of Sensor 180～330K 180～330K 190～300K 180～340K Tem. Resolution 0.4～0.2K 0.4～0.2k 0.5～0.3Ｋ 0.6～0.5Ｋ Number of Sensor 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 Quantification Scale 10bit 10bit 10bit 10bit The products include: ¾ All kind of image, such as full disk image and all sub area image; ¾ Automatic quantitative products, they are TBB, OLR, SST, Cloud Mask, Cloud Wind, Precipitation estimating and index, Albedo, Water vapor, etc.
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