Apuz 40-42/2019: Deutsche Kolonialgeschichte
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Chronology of British Southern Cameroons Aka AMBAZONIA History
Chronology of British Southern Cameroons aka AMBAZONIA History 1884 to 1916 – German Occupation German Governors of German Kamerun 1884 Gustav Nachtigal 1887–1906 Jesko von Puttkamer - Built a 72-Bedroom home in Buea, Kamerun to convince his wife to move from Germany. The building still stands today. 1914–1916 Karl Ebermaier Cameroons - German Kamerun was an African colony of the German Empire from 1884 to 1916 comprising parts of todays' Cameroon, + parts of Nigeria, Tchad, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon Most of German Kamerun shared between Britain and France 1914 - 26 September 1914 Occupation by Great Britain and France begins 1945 - Post World Wars - League of Nations => United Nations - Decolonization begins 1948 - UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises) a party that wanted Independence from France with no strings IS CREATED in French Cameroun Actors: British Cameroons Colonial Officer i/c 1949 to 1 October 1954 Edward John Gibbons, Special Resident 1 October 1954 Autonomous territory within Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria 1 October 1954 to 1956 Edward John Gibbons, Commissioner 1956 to 1 October 1961 John Osbaldiston Field, Commissioner 1 June 1961 Northern British Cameroons incorporated into Federation of Nigeria 1 October 1961 Southern British Cameroons incorporated into Republic of Cameroon 1952 - The KNC (Kamerun National Congress) was established in 1952 as a merger of two pro- unification parties, the Kamerun United National Congress and the Cameroons National Federation. The party's leaders included E. M. L. Endeley, Salomon Tandeng Muna, John Ngu Foncha and Sampson George. However, with Endeley leading the party towards a pro-Nigerian stance, 1955 - Foncha led a breakaway group to form the Kamerun National Democratic Party (KNDP) in 1955. -
Big Swords, Jesuits, and Bondelswarts Studies in Central European Histories
Big Swords, Jesuits, and Bondelswarts Studies in Central European Histories Founding Editors Thomas A. Brady and Roger Chickering Edited by David M. Luebke (University of Oregon) Celia Applegate (Vanderbilt University) Editorial Board Steven Beller (Washington, D.C.) Marc R. Forster (Connecticut College) Atina Grossmann (Columbia University) Peter Hayes (Northwestern University) Susan Karant-Nunn (University of Arizona) Mary Lindemann (University of Miami) H.C. Erik Midelfort (University of Virginia) David Sabean (University of California, Los Angeles) Jonathan Sperber (University of Missouri) Jan de Vries (University of California, Berkeley) VOLUME 62 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sceh Big Swords, Jesuits, and Bondelswarts Wilhelmine Imperialism, Overseas Resistance, and German Political Catholicism, 1897–1906 By John S. Lowry LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: As firefighters representing General von Trotha and Governor von Götzen spew water [300 million marks] at the Southwest and East African blazes [uprisings], a messenger arrives announcing: “Fire in Kamerun!” Fire Chief [Colonial Director] Stuebel declares in dismay: “That’s really all we needed. I’ve already used up too much water for the two fires! When the landlord [Reichstag] returns, there will be a tremendous ruckus!” Source: Arthur Krüger, “Starker Wasserverbrauch,” Caricature, Kladderadatsch, Sept. 17, 1905, Nr. 38, 1st Supplementary Sheet. Cover illustration reproduction courtesy of the Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, Germany. This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1547-1217 isbn 978-90-04-23384-3 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-30687-5 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. -
European Colonialism in Cameroon and Its Aftermath, with Special Reference to the Southern Cameroon, 1884-2014
EUROPEAN COLONIALISM IN CAMEROON AND ITS AFTERMATH, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SOUTHERN CAMEROON, 1884-2014 BY WONGBI GEORGE AGIME P13ARHS8001 BEING A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS (MA) DEGREE IN HISTORY SUPERVISOR PROFESSOR SULE MOHAMMED DR. JOHN OLA AGI NOVEMBER, 2016 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this Dissertation titled: European Colonialism in Cameroon and its Aftermath, with Special Reference to the Southern Cameroon, 1884-2014, was written by me. It has not been submitted previously for the award of Higher Degree in any institution of learning. All quotations and sources of information cited in the course of this work have been acknowledged by means of reference. _________________________ ______________________ Wongbi George Agime Date ii CERTIFICATION This dissertation titled: European Colonialism in Cameroon and its Aftermath, with Special Reference to the Southern Cameroon, 1884-2014, was read and approved as meeting the requirements of the School of Post-graduate Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, for the award of Master of Arts (MA) degree in History. _________________________ ________________________ Prof. Sule Mohammed Date Supervisor _________________________ ________________________ Dr. John O. Agi Date Supervisor _________________________ ________________________ Prof. Sule Mohammed Date Head of Department _________________________ ________________________ Prof .Sadiq Zubairu Abubakar Date Dean, School of Post Graduate Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to God Almighty for His love, kindness and goodness to me and to the memory of Reverend Sister Angeline Bongsui who passed away in Brixen, in July, 2012. -
A Postal History of the First World War in Africa and Its Aftermath – German Colonies
A postal history of the First World War in Africa and its aftermath – German colonies II Kamerun Ton Dietz ASC Working Paper 117 / 2015 1 Prof. Ton Dietz Director African Studies Centre Leiden [email protected] African Studies Centre P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden The Netherlands Telephone +31-71-5273372 Fax +31-71-5273344 E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.ascleiden.nl Facebook www.facebook.nl/ascleiden Twitter www.twitter.com/ascleiden Ton Dietz, 2015 2 A postal history of the First World War in Africa and its aftermath Ton Dietz, African Studies Centre Leiden; [email protected] WORK IN PROGRESS, SUGGESTIONS WELCOME German Colonies II Kamerun Version February 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 2 Postal services in German Kamerun, vorläufer, 1884-1897 6 Post stamps of German Kamerun, 1879-1914 8 Post offices of German Kamerun, with their cancellations, 1897-1914 10 The occupation of German Kamerun by British and French troops 28 Cameroon as a trusteeship of the League of Nations, 1920 onwards 36 Used and suggested references 40 3 Introduction http://www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/kamerun.htm http://www.jennes-und-kluettermann.de/auktion201412/jpg/big/61-2580-1.jpg http://www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/kamerun.htm 4 Wikipedia-de about Deutsch Kamerun: “Kamerun war von 1884 bis 1919 eine deutsche Kolonie (auch Schutzgebiet). Die Kolonie hatte anfangs eine Fläche von 495.000 km², nach der Angliederung Neukameruns im Jahre 1911 hatte sie eine Fläche von 790.000 km² und war damit etwa 1,3 mal so groß wie das Mutterland”, “Seit 1862 waren deutsche Handelshäuser in Gabun tätig, darunter das Hamburger Haus Woermann, dessen Agent Emil Schulz zugleich als kaiserlicher Konsul mit Amtsbefugnissen bis zum Kamerunästuar fungierte. -
Diaporama Des Documents Exposés² [Mode De Compatibilité]
22/02/2015 L’exposition La fin de Kamerunstadt, les personnages importants de la naissance du Cameroun est principalement constituée d’une galerie de portraits qui nous plonge dans le passé colonial du pays. On attribue la naissance du Kamerun à la signature du traité de protectorat de juillet 1884 entre l’empire allemand et les royaumes douala installés à Kamerunstadt (ancien nom de la ville de Douala jusqu’en 1901). En 1910, apparaît le conflit avec l’administration coloniale allemande dont le projet d’urbanisation, Gross Duala, dénie la propriété foncière des populations locales, droit inaliénable inscrit dans le traité de 1884. Ce plan d’urbanisme prévoit l’expropriation des populations indigènes vers une nouvelle ( neu) zone exclusivement noire en réservant la partie littorale aux européens. Entre les deux, une bande de terre vierge d’occupation, la freie zone, large d’un km. Mandaté par les rois et chefs douala, Rudolf Douala Manga Bell entreprend, avec son secrétaire Ngosso Din, de contrer ce plan. Il mène une action légale et procédurière, soutenue par des citoyens et des parlementaires allemands, auprès gouvernement et du parlement à Berlin, le reichstag, pour rétablir le droit. Fin 1913, Douala est à l’orée d’un affrontement sanglant entre les militaires allemands, dépêchés par navires de guerre, et le peuple douala, dirigé par le roi Rudolf Douala Manga Bell. Conscient de l’essoufflement de ce combat judiciaire pour le respect de la « constitution » (le traité de 1884), Douala Manga se met en réseau avec d’autres peuples du Kamerun pour les rallier contre l’autorité allemande. -
Inhaltsverzeichnis
6 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Einleitung : Die Wahrheit über die deutschen Kolonien 8 1. Landschaften 16 Carl W.H. Koch : Das Lied des Landes 17 Hans Grimm : Die Bucht der fünf Flüsse 18 Eva MacLean : Im Urwald 20 Heinrich Norden : Der Wasserfall von Ekom 21 Adolf Staffe: Der Manenguba 22 Hans Dominik: Nordkamerun 24 Gustav Nachtigal: Am Tschadsee 26 2. Dörfer und Städte 28 P. Johannes Maßmann : Die Zeit der Saat 29 P. Johannes Maßmann : Das Dorf in Kamerun 30 Felix Warner : Das Dorf im Walde 31 Marie Pauline Thorbecke : Duala 32 Grete Ziemann : Suellaba 34 Hans Dominik & Hans von Ramsay : Viktoria 36 Carl Woemann : Am Vorgebirge von Viktoria 38 Hans Dominik & Hans von Ramsay : Buea 39 Georg Zenker : Aus dem Tagebuch 1891 40 Jesko von Puttkamer : Die Jaunde-Station im Jahre 1897 42 Hans Dominik : Bau der Militärstation Garua 44 Hans Dominik : Der Markt von Dikoa 45 3. Geschichten von Menschen 47 Carl W. H. Koch : Heimweg. Novelle 48 Elisabeth von Gustedt: Die Geschichte der kleinen Ahanda 53 Anna Rein-Wuhrmann : Einer Sklavin Los 56 Anna Rein-Wuhrmann : Selbsterkenntnis 57 Georg Haessig : Begegnung mit Elefanten 58 Bruder A. Hermann : Bei der Märchenerzählerin 60 Pastor Jakob Modi Din : Die Christenglocke von Mbonga Marumba 62 4. Schulwesen und Mission 63 Theodor Christaller : Ein Schulmeister ohne Schule und ohne Schüler 64 Theodor Christaller : Der erste Unterricht der Regierungsschule 1887 68 Georg Haessig : Lobethal 71 Ernst Dinkelacker : In der Mittelschule von Bonaberi 72 Schulordnung 1910 75 Landwirtschaftsschule Victoria 79 Mgr. Heinrich Vieter : Gründung der Missionsstation Mvolye 81 5. Geschichte 86 Hanno der Seefahrer : Der Periplus des Hanno 88 Schutzvertrag zwischen King akwa und der Firma C. -
African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 1 Togo 1889-1920S; Ton Dietz; Version October 2016
African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 1 Togo 1889-1920s; Ton Dietz; Version October 2016 African Studies Centre Leiden African Postal Heritage APH Paper Nr 1 Ton Dietz TOGO 1886-1920s Version October 2016 Introduction Postage stamps and related objects are miniature communication tools, and they tell a story about cultural and political identities and about artistic forms of identity expressions. They are part of the world’s material heritage, and part of history. Ever more of this postal heritage becomes available online, published by stamp collectors’ organizations, auction houses, commercial stamp shops, online catalogues, and individual collectors. Virtually collecting postage stamps and postal history has recently become a possibility. These working papers about Africa are examples of what can be done. But they are work-in-progress! Everyone who would like to contribute, by sending corrections, additions, and new area studies can do so by sending an email message to the APH editor: Ton Dietz ([email protected]). You are welcome! Disclaimer: illustrations and some texts are copied from internet sources that are publicly available. All sources have been mentioned. If there are claims about the copy rights of these sources, please send an email to [email protected], and, if requested, those illustrations will be removed from the next version of the working paper concerned. 1 African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 1 Togo 1889-1920s; Ton Dietz; Version October 2016 An earlier version of this APH Working Paper was published as African Studies Centre Leiden Working Paper 116 in 2015: “A postal history of the First World War in Africa and its aftermath – German colonies: I German Togo”, written by Ton Dietz. -
German Colonies I German Togo
A postal history of the First World War in Africa and its aftermath – German colonies I German Togo Ton Dietz ASC Working Paper 116 / 2015 1 Prof. Ton Dietz Director African Studies Centre Leiden [email protected] African Studies Centre P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden The Netherlands Telephone +31-71-5273372 Fax +31-71-5273344 E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.ascleiden.nl Facebook www.facebook.nl/ascleiden Twitter www.twitter.com/ascleiden Ton Dietz, 2015 2 A postal history of the First World War in Africa and its aftermath. Ton Dietz, African Studies Centre Leiden, Version February 2015, [email protected] WORK IN PROGRESS, SUGGESTIONS WELCOME Explanation for the Exhibition at the ASC (Wassenaarseweg 52 Leiden; third floor); February-April 2015 The ‘Great War’ had a major impact on Africa and that is visible in the post stamps used in the various postal territories in Africa. The loss of German colonies was the most fundamental change, but also other (colonial) parts of Africa experienced a lot of impact. The German colonies In 1914, Germany had four colonial territories In Africa: Togo, Kamerun, Südwestafrika, and Ostafrika. After the Great War they became trustee areas (‘Mandatgebiete’) of the League of Nations, but administered by Great Britain and France (Togo and Kamerun), by South Africa (Südwestafrika), and by Great Britain (Ostafrika as Tanganyika), Belgium (Ruanda- Urundi) and Portugal (Kionga). I German Togo Table of Contents Introduction 2 Postal services in German Togo, vorläufer, 1882-1897 4 German Togo post -
Three Instances of Western Colonial Governments and Christian Missions in Cameroon Education: 1884-1961
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2011 Three Instances of Western Colonial Governments and Christian Missions in Cameroon Education: 1884-1961 Asenju Callistus Tamanji Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Educational Administration and Supervision Commons Recommended Citation Tamanji, Asenju Callistus, "Three Instances of Western Colonial Governments and Christian Missions in Cameroon Education: 1884-1961" (2011). Dissertations. 106. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/106 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2011 Asenju Callistus Tamanji LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO THREE INSTANCES OF WESTERN COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN CAMEROON EDUCATION: 1884-1961 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM IN CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY STUDIES BY ASENJU CALLISTUS TAMANJI CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2011 Copyright by Asenju Callistus Tamanji, 2011 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This has been a very challenging, difficult, and long journey. I am very thankful to God for His blessings. I am grateful to all my former professors, mentors, colleagues and friends, whose encouragement and support helped me to complete this work. However, the following deserve special recognition. I am thankful to my committee members Dr. Noah W. Sobe, Associate Director of my program and chair of my dissertation committee, for his relentless guidance, patience, and understanding; Dr. -
African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 2 Cameroon 1884-1920S; Ton Dietz; Version October 2016
African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 2 Cameroon 1884-1920s; Ton Dietz; Version October 2016 African Studies Centre Leiden African Postal Heritage APH Paper Nr 2 Ton Dietz CAMEROON 1884-1920s Version October 2016 Introduction Postage stamps and related objects are miniature communication tools, and they tell a story about cultural and political identities and about artistic forms of identity expressions. They are part of the world’s material heritage, and part of history. Ever more of this postal heritage becomes available online, published by stamp collectors’ organizations, auction houses, commercial stamp shops, online catalogues, and individual collectors. Virtually collecting postage stamps and postal history has recently become a possibility. These working papers about Africa are examples of what can be done. But they are work-in-progress! Everyone who would like to contribute, by sending corrections, additions, and new area studies can do so by sending an email message to the APH editor: Ton Dietz ([email protected]). You are welcome! Disclaimer: illustrations and some texts are copied from internet sources that are publicly available. All sources have been mentioned. If there are claims about the copy rights of these sources, please send an email to [email protected], and, if requested,1 those illustrations will be removed from the next version of the working paper concerned. African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 2 Cameroon 1884-1920s; Ton Dietz; Version October 2016 An earlier version of this African Postal Heritage Paper was published as African Studies Centre Leiden Working Paper 117 / 2015: “A postal history of the First World War in Africa and its aftermath – German colonies; II Kamerun”, written by Ton Dietz. -
Bonamanga. Eine Kosmopolitische Familiengeschichte1
Bonamanga. Eine kosmopolitische Familiengeschichte1 Jean-Pierre Félix Eyoum, Stefanie Michels, Joachim Zeller 1884 unterschrieb Ndumbe Lobe Bell zusammen mit anderen Duala-Autoritäten den Vertrag, mit dem die deutsche Kolonie Kamerun begründet wurde. 1902 weilte sein Sohn August Manga Ndumbe Bell in offizieller Mission in Berlin, um in der deutschen Reichshauptstadt Reformen für die deutsche Kolonialpolitik in Kamerun einzufordern. Der Delegation gehörte als Dolmetscher auch der Sohn Manga Bells an, Rudolf Duala Manga Bell, der von 1891 bis 1896 in Württemberg gelebt und dort eine Schulausbildung genossen hatte. Das Leben von Rudolf Duala Manga Bell sollte einige Jahre später vorzeitig ein Ende nehmen; die deutschen Kolonialherren richteten ihn 1914 in Duala hin. Ihm folgte in seinem Amt - allerdings erst 1951 - sein Sohn Alexander Ndumb’a Duala nach, der in Deutschland aufgewachsen war und Deutsch als Muttersprache sprach. Zu dieser Zeit war Kamerun allerdings schon eine französische Kolonie. Er wurde später die zentrale Figur in der Dekolonisierungspolitik der Duala. In diesen Ereignissen manifestieren sich schlaglichtartig kamerunisch-deutsche Begegnungen, bei denen die Bonamanga, die Familie Manga (Bell), wie keine zweite unter den führenden Kameruner Familien eine zentrale Rolle spielte. Der vorliegende Essay versteht sich als Skizze zu einem umfassenderen Projekt über die Bonamanga und ihre kosmopolitische Familiengeschichte.2 Dabei sind die Duala und ihr Verhältnis zu den Deutschen bereits Gegenstand vergleichsweise vieler wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen gewesen.3 Sowohl aus kamerunischer als auch aus deutscher Perspektive betrachtet, nehmen sie einen zentralen Platz in der kolonialen Historiographie ein. Schließlich gehörten sie zu denjenigen, die als erste Kontakt mit Europäern hatten und die sich durch ihre Rolle als „middlemen“ im Laufe der Kolonialgeschichte stets von anderen Gruppen in Kamerun hervorhoben.