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Case 2:17-Cv-14148-ELC-DPH-GJQ ECF No. 258 Filed 02/22/19 Pageid.10818 Page 1 of 335 Case 2:17-cv-14148-ELC-DPH-GJQ ECF No. 258 filed 02/22/19 PageID.10818 Page 1 of 335 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN SOUTHERN DIVISION LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS ) OF MICHIGAN, et al., ) Case No. 2:17-cv-14148 ) Plaintiffs, ) Hon. Eric L. Clay ) Hon. Denise Page Hood ) Hon. Gordon J. Quist v. ) ) ) JOCELYN BENSON, in her official ) Capacity as Michigan ) Secretary of State, et al., ) ) Defendants. ) CONGRESSIONAL AND STATE HOUSE INTERVENORS’ PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW Case 2:17-cv-14148-ELC-DPH-GJQ ECF No. 258 filed 02/22/19 PageID.10819 Page 2 of 335 TABLE OF CONTENTS FINDINGS OF FACTS ............................................................................................. 2 I. VOTER WITNESSES ............................................................................. 2 II. PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACT FOR PLAINTIFFS’ EXPERT WITNESSES ....................................................................... 165 III. DEFENDANT’S MAP DRAWER WITNESSES ............................. 248 IV. OTHER LAY WITNESSES... ............................................................ 262 CONGRESSIONAL AND STATE HOUSE INTERVENORS’ PROPOSED CONCLUSIONS OF LAW .............................................................. 271 I. PLAINTIFFS LACK STANDING ..................................................... 271 VI. EVEN IF PLAINTIFFS/LEAGUE MEMBERS PROVED STANDING, THEY FAILED TO ESTABLISH THE ELEMENTS OF THEIR CLAIM UNDER THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT ................................................................................... 303 VII. EVEN IF PLAINTIFFS/LEAGUE MEMBERS PROVED STANDING, THEY FAILED TO ESTABLISH THE ELEMENTS OF THEIR CLAIM UNDER THE FIRST AMENDMENT ................................................................................... 319 i Case 2:17-cv-14148-ELC-DPH-GJQ ECF No. 258 filed 02/22/19 PageID.10820 Page 3 of 335 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES CASES ACLU of Ohio v. Taft, 385 F.3d 641 (6th Cir. 2004) ............................................. 324 ACLU v. NSA, 493 F.3d 644 (6th Cir. 2007) ................................................. 297, 299 Abbott v. Perez, 138 S. Ct. 2305 (2018) .............................................................. 303 Agre v. Wolf, 284 F. Supp. 3d 591 (E.D. Pa. 2018) ............................................... 326 Ala. Legislative Black Caucus v. Alabama, 135 S. Ct. 1257 (2015) .....................................................................................307, 309, 311, 328 Am. Canoe Ass'n, Inc. v. City of Louisa Water & Sewer Comm'n, 389 F.3d 536 (6th Cir. 2004) ........................................................................................ 303 Am. & Foreign Ins. Co. v. General Elec. Co., 45 F.3d 135 (6th Cir. 1995) ......... 276 In re Apportionment of State Legislature-1982, 413 Mich. 96, 321 N.W.2d 565 (Mich. 1982) ........................................................................................... 307 Ariz. Minority Coal. for Fair Redistricting v. Ariz Indep. Redistricting Comm'n, 366 F. Supp. 2d 887 (D. Ariz. 2005) .............................................. 324 Badham v. March Fong Eu, 694 F. Supp. 664 (N.D. Cal. 1988) (three-judge court) sum aff’d. 488 U.S. 1024 (1989) ...................................................passim Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962) ....................................................... 271, 272, 327 Benisek v. Lamone, 138 S. Ct. 1942 (2018) ........................................................... 324 Block v. North Dakota, 461 U.S. 273 (1983) ......................................................... 324 Bush v. Vera, 517 U.S. 952 (1996) ................................................................ 306, 309 Citizens United v. FEC, 558 U.S. 310 (2010)........................................................ 321 City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr., 473 U.S. 432 (1985) ............................ 328 ii Case 2:17-cv-14148-ELC-DPH-GJQ ECF No. 258 filed 02/22/19 PageID.10821 Page 4 of 335 Cohen v. Cowles Media Co., 501 U.S. 663 (1991) ................................................ 322 Common Cause v. Rucho, 318 F.Supp. 3d 777 (M.D.N.C. 2018) ................. 304, 319 Comm. for a Fair & Balanced Map v. Ill. State Bd. of Elections, 835 F. Supp. 2d 563 (N.D. Ill. 2011) .......................................................................... 299, 322 Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 43 F.3d 1311 (9th Cir. 1995) ........................................................................................................................ 275 Davis v. Bandemer, 478 U.S. 109 (1986) .........................................................passim Deal v. Hamilton County Bd. of Educ., 392 F.3d 840 (6th Cir. 2004) .......... 275, 281 DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno, 547 U.S. 332 (2006) .......................................... 300 Ford Motor Co. v. Catalanotte, 342 F.3d 543, 550 (6th Cir. 2003) ...................... 325 Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement, 505 U.S. 123 (1992) ........................... 321 Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc., 528 U.S. 167 (2000) ............................................................................................................. 302 Gaffney v. Cummings, 412 U.S. 735 (1973) .................................................. 317, 328 Gill v. Whitford, 138 S. Ct. 1916 (2018) ...........................................................passim Green Party of Tenn. v. Hargett, 2017 U.S. App. LEXIS 18270 (6th Cir. 2017) ...................................................................................................... 276, 290 Growe v. Emison, 507 U.S. 25 (1993) ................................................................... 326 Hollingsworth v. Perry, 570 U.S. U.S. 693 (2013) ............................................... 271 Hunter v. Underwood, 471 U.S. 222 (1985) .......................................................... 315 Laird v. Tatum, 408 U.S. 1 (1972) ......................................................................... 300 Lance v. Coffman, 549 U.S. 437 (2007) ................................................................ 271 iii Case 2:17-cv-14148-ELC-DPH-GJQ ECF No. 258 filed 02/22/19 PageID.10822 Page 5 of 335 League of United Latin Am. Citizens v. Perry ("LULAC"), 548 U.S. 399 (2006) ........................................................................................................passim League of Women Voters v. Quinn, No. 1:11cv-5569, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 125531 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 28, 2011) ........................................................... 299, 322 Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343 (1996) ............................................................. 273, 300 Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992) ............................................ 271 LVL XIII Brands, Inc. v. Louis Vuitton Malletier S.A., 209 F. Supp. 3d 612 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) ............................................................................................. 276 Miller v. Johnson, 515 U.S. 900 (1995) ............................................................passim Missouri v. Jenkins, 515 U.S. 70 (1995) ................................................................ 300 Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224 (1993) ......................................................... 327 Pope v. Blue, 809 F. Supp. 392 (W.D.N.C. 1992) ............................................passim Pope v. Blue, 506 U.S. 801 (1992) ........................................................................ 297 Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964) .......................................................... 291, 317 Roberts v. United States Jaycees, 468 U.S. 609 (1984) ........................................ 296 Shaw v. Reno, 509 U.S. 630 (1993) ............................................................... 296, 316 Storer v. Brown, 415 U.S. 724 (1974) ................................................................... 323 Thornburg v. Gingles, 478 U.S. 30 (1986) ............................................................ 316 Vieth v. Jubelirer, 541 U.S. 267 (2004) ............................................................passim Washington v. Finlay, 664 F.2d 913 (4th Cir. 1981) ............................................. 297 Whitcomb v. Chavis, 403 U.S. 124 (1971) ............................................................. 296 iv Case 2:17-cv-14148-ELC-DPH-GJQ ECF No. 258 filed 02/22/19 PageID.10823 Page 6 of 335 White v. Daniel, 909 F.2d 99 (4th Cir. 1999) ........................................................ 324 STATUTES, RULES AND OTHER AUTHORITIES U.S. Const. art. I, § 4 .............................................................................................. 326 Fed. R. Evid. 702 ........................................................................................... 274, 275 Mich. Comp. Laws § 3.63 ..................................................... 277, 278, 279, 307, 308 Mich. Comp. Laws § 4.261 ................................................... 277, 278, 279, 307, 308 Black’s law Dictionary (9th Ed. 2009) ................................................................... 324 v Case 2:17-cv-14148-ELC-DPH-GJQ ECF No. 258 filed 02/22/19 PageID.10824 Page 7 of 335 COMES NOW, Congressional and State House Intervenors, by counsel, and respectfully asks the Court to make the following Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law in this Matter. FINDINGS OF FACTS I. VOTER AND LAY WITNESSES A. SUSAN K. SMITH, on behalf of League of Women Voters of Michigan INTRODUCTORY FACTS FOR SUSAN SMITH. 1. Ms. Smith
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