4-f,r ' DOCUMENT RESUME ED 031 558 VT 007 859 Lumber and Related Products; A Base Syllabus on Wood Technology. Eastern Kentucky Univ., Richmond. Pub Date Aug 68 Note-108p.; From NDEA Inst. on Wood Technology (Eastern Kentucky UM, June 10-Aug. 2, 1968). EDRS Price MF-$0.50 HC-$5.50 Descriptors-*Building Materials, Curriculum Development, *Curriculum Guides, *Industrial Arts, Instructional Improvement, Lumber Industry, *Resource Materials, Summer Institutes, Teacher Developed Materials, Teacher Education, *Woodworking Identifiers-*National Defense Education Act Title XI Institute, NDEA Title XI Institute Prepared by participants in the 1%8 National Defense Education Act Institute on Wood Technology, this syllabus is one of a seriesof basic outlines designed to aid college level industrial arts instructors in improving and broadening the scope and .content of their programs. The primary objective of this course outhne is to point out the importance and the many uses of wood and wood products. Topics covered are: (1 )Lumber Grades and Sizes,(2)Plywood,(3)Veneer,(4)Fiberboard,(5) Particleboard,(6)Sheetboard,(7)InsulationBoard,(8)StructuralSandwich Construction,(9)Shingles,(10)Pulp and Paper,(11) Wood Flour,and (12) Cellulose-DerivedProducts.Mostunitscontain 'informationonmanufacturing processes, properties,types and grades, and uses of the products. Selected bibliographies are listed for each unit. The final section provides instructional aids, suggested projects and student activities, and materials and equipment needed for specific prolects. The document is &strafed with drawings, charts, and photographs. Related documents are available as VT 007 857, VT 007 858, and VT 007 861: (AW) ft; LUMBER BAS YLLABUS ON WOOD CHNOLOGY .:'Pre,pare4 by INSTITUTE. .PARTICRANTS LUMBER AND RELATED:.PRODUCTS A BASE SYLLABUS ON WOOD TECHNOLOGY Prepared by Participants in the Wood Technology N. D. E. A. Institute EASTERN KENTUCKYUNIVERSITY June 10-August 2, 1968 Institute Staff: Dr. Jack A. Luy,Director Dr. William E. Sexton Mr.:. Ralph W. Whalin Printed by 0, EKU Graphic Arts Dept. George Brown, Chrm. 4 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION 8, WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION FROM THE THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEENREPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS PERSON OR ORGANIZATIONORIGINATING IT. EDUCATION STATED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF POSITION OR POLICY. A TABLE OF CONTENTS Prefac' Introduction I.Lumber Grades and Sizes II.Plywood IIL Veneer IV. Fiberboard V.Particleboard VI. Sheetboard VII. Insulation Board VIII. Structural Sandwich Construction IX.Shingles X. Pulp and Paper XI. Wood Flour XII. Cellulose- Derived Products . 4F", - rr" PREF-AGE Recently, the area ofwoodworking has come under much criticism as being too limitedin scope and not fully abreastof an advancingtechnolhy, Some people have gone as far as to seek its abolition from theindustrial arts program in thesecondary schools.In reality, however, theimportance of woodworking as a phase of industrial artsis probably greater now than everbefore. It is conceded,nevertheless, that the scope and contentof industrial arts woodworkingprogranis needs to be improved. Traditionally, a typical woods programis centered upon the useof hand and machine tools withlittle or no emphasis given tothe problem of lamiliarizing studentS.withtechnical knowledge of thematerial itself. To assist in the upgradingof present programs, studentsand teachers should, in addition to the useof wood as lumber, be made awareof the various propertiesof wood and wood products.Of equal impor- tance is a knowledgeof nevi.processes and materialsused in conjunc- tion with the fabrication,manufacture, and application ofwood and wood-related products. The purpose of the NDEAInstitute in Wood Technologyheld at Eastern Kentucky Universityduring the period June 10 -August 2, 1968, was to provide collegelevel industrial arts woodworking instructors with the opportunityto receive informationin depth which they might use tobroaden the scope and contentof their programs. To thisend, the participants haveprepared this series of Basic Outlines whichattempt to record theirexperiences during the period of the institute.The "Base Syllabus" preparedby the participants in the 1967 WoodTechnology institute was i,sed as a guide in developing theformat of this series. It is hoped that thematerial covered herein will beapplied to the , improvement of eachparticipant's woodworking programand lead their students to a grojerunderstanding of wood and wood products. Institute Director AO- MIgtaiN (.01`2,74 LUMBER ANDRELATED PRODUCTS Introduction nation's greatest resources.It has been harvested Wood is one of our first material and manufacturedinto countless forms.Lumber, usually the thought of that a treeis manufactured into,is still the leading rawmaterial user. Plywood,hardboard, particleboardand insulation board,however, are growingin use, therebydemanding ever increasingamounts of raw material. Paper and pulpproducts, which we do notalways relate to wood, command a tremendousamount of raw material usage. These are engineeredmaterials , ones that aredesignect to do specific jobs to exacting tolerances.They are materials that canbe shaped, molded or formed intospecific products. We too often takefor granted the many usesof wood products.It is important that bothinstructors and studentsof wood familiarizethem- selves with its,importance,and with the various processesby which lumber and related products aremanufactured. Thecomplexity of the types, grades and sizesof wood products is notgenerally realized by the average person.It is for this reasonthat we have felt that asyllabus in lumber and related productswould be helpful indeveloping programs, courses ofstudy, or simply to aidin increasingunderstanding and effective- ness in teaching. 44.42,4 LUMBER AND RELATEDPRODUCTS I. Lumber grades and sizes A. Purpose of grading 1. Lumber cut from logs will varyin appearance, strength and durability due to suchcharacteristics as knots,checks, pitch pockets, shake and stain.The lumber is therefore grouped or graded according tothe presence or absence of these characteristics,giving the buyer a moreuniform product to meet his _.specificneeds. 2. The classification oflumberinto the variousstandard grades also insures the buyerof a more uniformlumber product from the differentlumber manufacturers. B. Lumber is divided into twoclassifications--hardwood and softwood 1. Hardwood is graded underrules governed by theNational Hardwood Lumber Association. a) These grading standardsgenerally are uniform through- out the United States andmost of the world. b) There are some special gradingrules set up by different industries for special uses such asflooring, pianos, etc. 2. Softwoods are graded under anumber of differentassociation rules and often the same specieis graded differentlyby the various associations. C. Hardwood lumber gradesand sizes 1. There are two classificationsof hardwood lumber soldtoday. a) Factory lumber is used forremanufacture and is usually cut into several pieces toutilize the clear cutting's. b) Dimension stock is hardwood thathas been specially made for a certain product(premanufactured). There are severalclassifications of dimension stockdepending on the amountof manufacturing that hasbeen,performed on it. (1) Rough dimension - materialthat has been cut to a specific size but has had no othermachining. d ^54:00KrJCINT*.g.nams,14,4-42C (2) Surfaced dimension - material that has been cut to a specific size but has had no other machining. (3) Laminated dimension - several pieces having been glued together to a specific size. (4) Fabricated dimension - material that has been completely machined and is ready for assembly. 2. Grading of hardwood factory lumber and dimensionstock. a) Steps that should be followed in grading factorylumber. (1) Determine the species of wood being graded. Rules vary some in different species. (2) Using a standard lumber scale stick determine the surface measure. (3) Hardwoods are usually graded from the poor side. Therefore, determine the worst side of the board. (The one with the most defects or yielding the smallest cuttings.) (4).Assume a grade for the board in question. (5) Determine the number of cuttings and size of cutting for assumed grade. (6) Check board in question to see if it will yield the number of clear cutting of the correct size to meet the grade. (7) If it cannot make the grade, try for the next lower grade. (8) For economic reasons it is always important for the grader to make the highest grade possible. b) The grading of hardwood factory lumber. (1) The lumber must be graded as it is found, not taking into consideration any upgrading resulting from recutting the board.Surface check and stain that will be removed when surfaced is taken into consider- ation.(Resawing is not considered). fqk (2) The lumber is separated into thefollowing grades which are determined by the numberof clear cuttings obtainable.* (a) First - The highest grade of hardwood.This grade must yield 91 2/3% clear cutting. (b)Seconds - The next grade requires 831/3% clear cuttings.** (c) Select - The third grade of hardwoodmust have a face side that willyield the same cuttings as required for a. F. Ao So 'and a poor faceof no worse than a No. 1 common grade. Thegrading of the good face in select represents the onlyexception to the rule that the poor facedetermines the grade of hardwood. (d) The remaining grades are No. 1 Common,Sound Wormy, No. 3A Common and No. 3B Common.These grades are used a great