Investigations on the Impact of Toxic Cyanobacteria on Fish : As
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Patterns of Green Fluorescent Protein Expression in Transgenic Plants
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 18: 141a–141i, 2000 © 2000 International Society for Plant Molecular Biology. Printed in Canada. Publish by Abstract Patterns of Green Fluorescent Protein Expression in Transgenic Plants BRIAN K. HARPER1 and C. NEAL STEWART JR.2,* 1Novartis Agricultural Biotechnology Research, Inc., 3054 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; 2Dept of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27402-6174 Abstract. Modified forms of genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be mac- roscopically detected when expressed in whole plants. This technology has opened up new uses for GFP such as monitoring transgene presence and expression in the environment once it is linked or fused to a gene of interest. When whole-plant or whole-organ GFP vi- sualization is required, GFP should be predictably expressed and reliably fluorescent. In this study the whole plant expression and fluorescence patterns of a mGFP5er gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was studied in intact GFP-expressing trans- genic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi). It was shown that GFP synthesis levels in single plant organs were similar to GUS activity levels from published data when driven by the same promoter. Under the control of the 35S promoter, high expression of GFP can be used to visualize stems, young leaves, flowers, and organs where the 35S promoter is most active. Modified forms of GFP could replace GUS as the visual marker gene of choice. Key words: expression patterns, green fluorescent protein, marker genes Patterns of IntroductionGFP expression Harper and Stewart Since the discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria it has become a frequently used tool in biology. -
Supplementary Materials and Method Immunostaining and Western Blot
Supplementary Materials and Method Immunostaining and Western Blot Analysis For immunofluorescence staining, mouse and human cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde- PBS for 15 min. Following Triton-X100 permeabilization and blocking, cells were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C following with Alexa 594-conjugated secondary antibodies at 4°C for 1 hour (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:1000). Samples were mounted using VECTASHIELD Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI (Vector Laboratories) and immunofluorescence was detected using Olympus confocal microscopy. For western blot analysis, cells were lysed on ice using RIPA buffer supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Sigma). Primary Antibodies for Immunostaining and Western Blot Analysis: Yap (14074, Cell Signaling), pYAP (4911, Cell Signaling), Lats1 (3477, Cell Signaling), pLats1( 8654, Cell Signaling), Wnt5a (2530, Cell Signaling), cleaved Caspase-3 (9661, Cell Signaling), Ki-67 (VP-K451, Vector Laboratories), Cyr61 (sc-13100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), CTGF (sc-14939, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), AXL (8661, Cell Signaling), pErk (4376, Cell Signaling), pMEK (4376, Cell Signaling), Ck-19 (16858-1-AP, Proteintech), Actin (A2228, Sigma Aldrich), Vinculin (V4139, Sigma Aldrich), Kras (sc-30, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Ectopic expression of YAP1 and WNT5A in mouse and human cells To generate YAP1S127A-expressing stable Pa04C cells, Pa04C cells were transfected with a linearized pcDNA3.1 plasmid with or without YAP1 cDNA containing S127A substitution. Two days post-transfection using Lipofectamine1000, cultures were selected in G418 (Sigma) and single clones were picked and expanded for further analysis. Overexpression of YAPS127A or WNT5A in human or mouse cells other than Pa04C were acheieved with lentivral infection. Briefly, lentivirus infection was performed by transfecting 293T cells with either GFP control, YAP1S127A, or WNT5A cloned in pHAGE lentivirus vector {EF1α promoter-GW-IRES-eGFP (GW: Gateway modified)}. -
Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity
toxins Article Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity Massimo Picardo 1 , Oscar Núñez 2,3 and Marinella Farré 1,* 1 Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 3 Serra Húnter Professor, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 October 2020; Accepted: 26 November 2020; Published: 28 November 2020 Abstract: This study presents the application of a suspect screening approach to screen a wide range of natural toxins, including mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, and plant toxins, in surface waters. The method is based on a generic solid-phase extraction procedure, using three sorbent phases in two cartridges that are connected in series, hence covering a wide range of polarities, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The acquisition was performed in the full-scan and data-dependent modes while working under positive and negative ionisation conditions. This method was applied in order to assess the natural toxins in the Ter River water reservoirs, which are used to produce drinking water for Barcelona city (Spain). The study was carried out during a period of seven months, covering the expected prior, during, and post-peak blooming periods of the natural toxins. Fifty-three (53) compounds were tentatively identified, and nine of these were confirmed and quantified. Phytotoxins were identified as the most frequent group of natural toxins in the water, particularly the alkaloids group. -
Digestion by Pepsin Releases Biologically Active Chromopeptides from C-Phycocyanin, a Blue-Colored Biliprotein of Microalga Spir
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Faculty of Chemistry Repository - Cherry ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Digestion by pepsin releases biologically active chromopeptides from C- phycocyanin, a blue-colored biliprotein of microalga Spirulina Simeon L. Minic, Dragana Stanic-Vucinic, Jelena Vesic, Maja Krstic, Milan R. Nikolic, Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic PII: S1874-3919(16)30111-7 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.043 Reference: JPROT 2483 To appear in: Journal of Proteomics Received date: 30 November 2015 Revised date: 2 March 2016 Accepted date: 28 March 2016 Please cite this article as: Minic Simeon L., Stanic-Vucinic Dragana, Vesic Jelena, Krstic Maja, Nikolic Milan R., Velickovic Tanja Cirkovic, Digestion by pepsin releases biologi- cally active chromopeptides from C-phycocyanin, a blue-colored biliprotein of microalga Spirulina, Journal of Proteomics (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.043 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Digestion by pepsin releases biologically active chromopeptides from C- phycocyanin, a blue-colored biliprotein of microalga Spirulina -
Regulation of Pigment Content and Enzyme Activity in the Cyanobacterium Nostoc Sp. Mac Grown in Continuous Light, a Light-Dark Photoperiod, Or Darkness
BBIBIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA ELSEVIER Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1277 (1996) 141 - 149 Regulation of pigment content and enzyme activity in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. Mac grown in continuous light, a light-dark photoperiod, or darkness Patricia A. Austin, I. Stuart Ross, John D. Mills Department of Biological Sciences, Keele Uniz'ersit3', Keele, Staffs, ST5 5BG, Staff~, UK Received 23 January 1996; accepted 17 July 1996 Abstract Both short-term and long-term adaptations of cyanobacterial metabolism to light and dark were studied in Nostoc sp. Mac. Long-term adaptations were induced by growing cells in the presence of glucose under (a) 30 wE m ~- s- ~ continuous white light, (b) under a 14/10 h light/dark cycle, or (c) complete darkness. Short-term regulation of enzyme activities by light was then studied in cells rendered osmotically fragile with lysozyme. Cells were briefly illuminated then enzyme activities were measured following rapid lysis in a hypotonic assay medium. The following results were obtained. (1) Relative to fresh weight, dark-grown cells contained less chlorophyll, much less phycoerythrin, but similar amounts of phycocyanin compared to cells grown under either light regime. Relative to chlorophyll, the higher phycocyanin and much lower phycoerythrin in the dark-grown vs light-grown cells resembles long term changes in pigment content that occur during complementary chromatic adaptation to red vs orange light. (2) Both dark and light/dark grown cells displayed generally lowered photosynthetic activities compared to light-grown cells. The exception to this was the activity of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, which was higher in dark-grown cells. -
Scholarworks@UNO
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses Summer 8-4-2011 Identification and characterization of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of different phycobiliproteins in cyanobacteria Avijit Biswas University of New Orleans, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td Part of the Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons Recommended Citation Biswas, Avijit, "Identification and characterization of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of different phycobiliproteins in cyanobacteria" (2011). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 446. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/446 This Dissertation-Restricted is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation-Restricted in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation-Restricted has been accepted for inclusion in University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Identification and characterization of enzymes involved in biosynthesis of different phycobiliproteins in cyanobacteria A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Orleans in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Chemistry (Biochemistry) By Avijit Biswas B.S. -
Development and Applications of Superfolder and Split Fluorescent Protein Detection Systems in Biology
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Development and Applications of Superfolder and Split Fluorescent Protein Detection Systems in Biology Jean-Denis Pedelacq 1,* and Stéphanie Cabantous 2,* 1 Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France 2 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.-D.P.); [email protected] (S.C.) Received: 15 June 2019; Accepted: 8 July 2019; Published: 15 July 2019 Abstract: Molecular engineering of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) into a robust and stable variant named Superfolder GFP (sfGFP) has revolutionized the field of biosensor development and the use of fluorescent markers in diverse area of biology. sfGFP-based self-associating bipartite split-FP systems have been widely exploited to monitor soluble expression in vitro, localization, and trafficking of proteins in cellulo. A more recent class of split-FP variants, named « tripartite » split-FP,that rely on the self-assembly of three GFP fragments, is particularly well suited for the detection of protein–protein interactions. In this review, we describe the different steps and evolutions that have led to the diversification of superfolder and split-FP reporter systems, and we report an update of their applications in various areas of biology, from structural biology to cell biology. Keywords: fluorescent protein; superfolder; split-GFP; bipartite; tripartite; folding; PPI 1. Superfolder Fluorescent Proteins: Progenitor of Split Fluorescent Protein (FP) Systems Previously described mutations that improve the physical properties and expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) color variants in the host organism have already been the subject of several reviews [1–4] and will not be described here. -
Marine Pharmacology in 1999: Compounds with Antibacterial
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C 132 (2002) 315–339 Review Marine pharmacology in 1999: compounds with antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, antiprotozoal and antiviral activities affecting the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action Alejandro M.S. Mayera, *, Mark T. Hamannb aDepartment of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA bSchool of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Faser Hall University, MS 38677, USA Received 28 November 2001; received in revised form 30 May 2002; accepted 31 May 2002 Abstract This review, a sequel to the 1998 review, classifies 63 peer-reviewed articles on the basis of the reported preclinical pharmacological properties of marine chemicals derived from a diverse group of marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria. In all, 21 marine chemicals demonstrated anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, antimalarial, antiplatelet, antituberculosis or antiviral activities. An additional 23 compounds had significant effects on the cardiovascular, sympathomimetic or the nervous system, as well as possessed anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant or fibrinolytic effects. Finally, 22 marine compounds were reported to act on a variety of molecular targets, and thus could potentially contribute to several pharmacological classes. Thus, during 1999 pharmacological research with marine chemicals continued -
Intrinsic Indicators for Specimen Degradation
Laboratory Investigation (2013) 93, 242–253 & 2013 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0023-6837/13 $32.00 Intrinsic indicators for specimen degradation Jie Li1, Catherine Kil1, Kelly Considine1, Bartosz Smarkucki1, Michael C Stankewich1, Brian Balgley2 and Alexander O Vortmeyer1 Variable degrees of molecular degradation occur in human surgical specimens before clinical examination and severely affect analytical results. We therefore initiated an investigation to identify protein markers for tissue degradation assessment. We exposed 4 cell lines and 64 surgical/autopsy specimens to defined periods of time at room temperature before procurement (experimental cold ischemic time (CIT)-dependent tissue degradation model). Using two-dimen- sional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis in conjunction with mass spectrometry, we performed comparative proteomic analyses on cells at different CIT exposures and identified proteins with CIT-dependent changes. The results were validated by testing clinical specimens with western blot analysis. We identified 26 proteins that underwent dynamic changes (characterized by continuous quantitative changes, isoelectric changes, and/or proteolytic cleavages) in our degradation model. These changes are strongly associated with the length of CIT. We demonstrate these proteins to represent universal tissue degradation indicators (TDIs) in clinical specimens. We also devised and implemented a unique degradation measure by calculating the quantitative ratio between TDIs’ intact forms and their respective degradation- -
Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and Other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: a Review
toxins Review Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: A Review Georg G¨аrtner 1, Maya Stoyneva-G¨аrtner 2 and Blagoy Uzunov 2,* 1 Institut für Botanik der Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [email protected] 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 blvd. Dragan Tsankov, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; mstoyneva@uni-sofia.bg * Correspondence: buzunov@uni-sofia.bg Abstract: The review summarizes the available knowledge on toxins and their producers from rather disparate algal assemblages of aeroterrestrial, airborne and other versatile extreme environments (hot springs, deserts, ice, snow, caves, etc.) and on phycotoxins as contaminants of emergent concern in soil and plants. There is a growing body of evidence that algal toxins and their producers occur in all general types of extreme habitats, and cyanobacteria/cyanoprokaryotes dominate in most of them. Altogether, 55 toxigenic algal genera (47 cyanoprokaryotes) were enlisted, and our analysis showed that besides the “standard” toxins, routinely known from different waterbodies (microcystins, nodularins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins, BMAA, etc.), they can produce some specific toxic compounds. Whether the toxic biomolecules are related with the harsh conditions on which algae have to thrive and what is their functional role may be answered by future studies. Therefore, we outline the gaps in knowledge and provide ideas for further research, considering, from one side, Citation: G¨аrtner, G.; the health risk from phycotoxins on the background of the global warming and eutrophication and, ¨а Stoyneva-G rtner, M.; Uzunov, B. -
Phytochrome from Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Has Unusual Spectral Properties and Reveals an N-Terminal Chromophore Attachment Site
Phytochrome from Agrobacterium tumefaciens has unusual spectral properties and reveals an N-terminal chromophore attachment site Tilman Lamparter*, Norbert Michael, Franz Mittmann, and Berta Esteban Freie Universita¨t Berlin, Pflanzenphysiologie, Ko¨nigin Luise Strasse 12–16, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Edited by Winslow R. Briggs, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA, and approved May 30, 2002 (received for review May 2, 2002) Phytochromes are photochromic photoreceptors with a bilin chro- reversion has so far not been found in bacterial phytochromes. mophore that are found in plants and bacteria. The soil bacterium Cph1 of Synechocystis (17) and CphA of Calothrix (18) have a stable Agrobacterium tumefaciens contains two genes that code for Pfr form; reports on other bacterial orthologs are missing so far. phytochrome-homologous proteins, termed Agrobacterium phyto- Most bacterial phytochromes carry a histidine-kinase module, chrome 1 and 2 (Agp1 and Agp2). To analyze its biochemical and the first component of ‘‘two-component’’ systems. His-kinase spectral properties, Agp1 was purified from the clone of an E. coli activity is light-modulated; cyanobacterial phytochromes are overexpressor. The protein was assembled with the chromophores more active in the Pr form (19–21), whereas phytochrome BphP phycocyanobilin and biliverdin, which is the putative natural chro- from the proteobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is more mophore, to photoactive holoprotein species. Like other bacterial active in the Pfr form (11). In general, His kinases transphos- phytochromes, Agp1 acts as light-regulated His kinase. The biliverdin phorylate particular response regulators (22); this mechanism adduct of Agp1 represents a previously uncharacterized type of also has been shown for bacterial phytochromes (11, 19, 21). -
Marine Drugs
Mar. Drugs 2015, 13, 1552-1568; doi:10.3390/md13031552 OPEN ACCESS marine drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Article Kalkitoxin Inhibits Angiogenesis, Disrupts Cellular Hypoxic Signaling, and Blocks Mitochondrial Electron Transport in Tumor Cells J. Brian Morgan 1, Yang Liu 1, Veena Coothankandaswamy 1, Fakhri Mahdi 1, Mika B. Jekabsons 2, William H. Gerwick 3, Frederick A. Valeriote 4, Yu-Dong Zhou 1,*, and Dale G. Nagle 1,* 1 Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.B.M.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (V.C.); [email protected] (F.M.) 2 Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 920933, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (D.G.N.); [email protected] (Y.-D.Z.); Tel.: +1-662-915-7143; Fax: +1-662-915-5638. Academic Editors: Sergey A. Dyshlovoy and Friedemann Honecker Received: 29 January 2015 / Accepted: 11 March 2015 / Published: 20 March 2015 Abstract: The biologically active lipopeptide kalkitoxin was previously isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens (Lyngbya majuscula). Kalkitoxin exhibited N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated neurotoxicity and acted as an inhibitory ligand for voltage-sensitive sodium channels in cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons.