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Goodwin & Guze's Psychiatric Diagnosis ANNALS OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY BOOK REVIEWS friend return after many years, having Goodwin & Guze’s assumed the person was gone. Carol S. North and Sean H. Yutzy, both trained Psychiatric Diagnosis at Washington University, teamed up to resurrect the book, now renamed Goodwin & Guze’s psychiatric diag- Samuel Guze, George Winokur, Don- nosis, in part to remind its audience of ald W. Goodwin, Robert Woodruff, those great men. There are several im- Lee Robins, Paula Clayton, Rodrigo portant changes in the new edition, in- Munoz, John Feighner, and many oth- cluding new chapters on the evolution ers. Although considered progressive of diagnosis, evaluation, posttraumat- by many, this “atheoretical” approach ic stress disorder (PTSD), and border- was a direct challenge to predominant line personality disorder. Chapters on views of the time. “anxiety neurosis” and “phobic neuro- I discovered the second edition sis” have been renamed and consoli- when I was a resident and it was love dated as “panic disorder and phobia.” at first sight. The book was clearly writ- The chapter on anorexia nervosa has ten, entertaining, and presented facts been changed to “eating disorders.” All about a disorder without the psychiat- chapters present up-to-date material, By Carol S. North and Sean H. Yutzy. ric jargon I saw in other texts. The book and tend to follow the same format (ie, New York, NY; Oxford University Press; focused on the many syndromes the history, epidemiology, clinical picture, 2010; ISBN 978-0-19514429-1; pp 432; authors considered valid, as explained etc.), followed by references. Recom- $45 (paperback). in their groundbreaking paper on psy- mendations for clinical management chiatric diagnosis, commonly referred reflect the latest information. Few his is the sixth edition of a clas- to as the “Feighner Criteria.”1 Validity psychiatric writers seem to care about sic text. I am fortunate to own was determined based on clinical de- the history of psychiatry, and this book Ta copy of the first edition pub- scription, laboratory studies (as lim- reminds us that little of what we see to- lished in 1974, authored by Robert ited as they were), delimitation from day is new. For example, in the chapter Woodruff, Donald W. Goodwin, and other disorders, follow-up, and fam- on PTSD, the authors point to a wit- Samuel Guze. The book was pioneer- ily studies. These “five phases” are still ness of the Great Fire of London in ing because it presented psychiatry considered the standard for validating 1666 who later wrote: “… I cannot through the lens of the medical model diagnoses. This new approach to diag- sleep at night without great fear of that originated at Washington Univer- nosis, in which specific criteria were being overcome by fire.” sity in St. Louis, MO. This remarkable enumerated, was embraced in DSM- The book retains its original department brought together a diverse III, published in 1980. The book was style—readability combined with a group of people, many trained in the not comprehensive and ignored other no-nonsense approach that is refresh- East, to pursue a new paradigm often topics that residents needed, such as ingly jargon-free. I highly recommend referred to as “biologic psychiatry.” As interviewing methods. Yet, it endured this book. someone trained in this model, the through subsequent editions until term is a misnomer and still is greatly 1996. Its authors passed away, and Donald W. Black, MD University of Iowa misinterpreted by its critics. Simply those who knew of the book assumed Iowa City, IA, USA put, the model espoused evidence- that it had disappeared into history. based psychiatry before the term was Imagine my surprise (and delight) REFERENCE 1. Feighner JP, Robins E, Guze SB, et al. Diagnostic cri- even coined. These men and women when I received a copy of the sixth edi- teria for use in psychiatric research. Arch Gen Psychia- included Edwin Gildea, Eli Robins, tion. This was akin to seeing an old try. 1972;26:57-63. AACP.com Annals of Clinical Psychiatry | Vol. 22 No. 4 | November 2010 285 ANNALS OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY BOOK REVIEWS aggerated psychological symptoms The Handbook of Forensic and cognitive impairment. The second section deals with Neuropsychology ethical and legal issues. These chap- ters provide crucial information to the practicing forensic neuropsycholo- functions and hemispheric lateral- gist, including solutions when dealing ization serving as good resources to with practice issues. Letter samples those already knowledgeable about and case examples are well utilized neuropsychology. Those not well in this section. I believe the chapter versed in neuropsychology may use dealing with test security should be this book as a resource, however, the required reading by not only neuro- information on specific brain areas psychologists but also psychologists controlling certain cognitive and per- who conduct any testing, whether or sonality functioning may be misinter- not they engage in forensic practice. preted as being absolute. The chapter reviewing civil com- The history of clinical neuropsy- petencies is brief despite listing im- chology in the forensic world and key portant competencies, including those issues, such as fixed vs flexible battery related to medical decision-making, Edited by Arthur MacNeill Horton, Jr and approach, are well enunciated even consenting to treatment, consenting to Lawrence C. Hartlage. for the layperson. The current status of research, and fiduciary and testamen- New York, NY; Springer; 2010; neuroimaging in the legal world, par- tary abilities. The chapter on criminal ISBN: 978-0-8261-1886-8; pp 588; $125 (hardcover). ticularly in the area of aggression and competencies has extensive legal in- the connection to psychopathy and formation. However, neither the sec- personality disorders, is introduced tion on civil competencies nor criminal lthough forensic neuropsy- with appropriate descriptions of how competencies lists neuropsychological chology is a young field, it has results can be applied and interpreted measures that would be useful in con- Agrown by leaps and bounds in and possible limitations. ducting various evaluations. recent years in terms of utilization of An area that I, as a forensic neuro- The chapter on privacy, confiden- neuropsychologists in legal proceed- psychologist, found exceedingly use- tiality, and privilege is comprehensive, ings, new case holdings, and research. ful was information on malingering. and is useful for neuropsychologists Drs. Horton and Hartlage have updat- Certain relevant issues, however, are and general psychologists involved in ed their 2003 book to not only include missing, such as the emerging issue forensic issues with excellent use of more legal and research material but of using the Minnesota Multiphasic clinical examples. The conflict of -in also to address application of neuro- Personality Inventory-2 vs the Min- terest chapter is extensive and reviews psychology to special groups and dis- nesota Multiphasic Personality Inven- practical issues including testifying, cuss future issues in the field. tory-2 Restructured Form, and the fees, and providing depositions. The first section, foundations of use of symptom questionnaires (ie, The third section, practice is- neuropsychology, provides an intro- Structured Inventory of Malingered sues in neuropsychology, segues well duction to brain functioning assessed Symptomatology, Structured Inter- from the previous chapters. Here you by neuropsychologists and brain tax- view of Reported Symptoms, Miller see the integration of issues that are onomy. Given that brain structure is Forensic Assessment of Symptoms unique to neuropsychology, such as not the focus of this book, this is an Test) in conjunction with neuropsy- brain lateralization of functioning and adequate abstract of neuroanatomy, chological tests of malingering, given issues unique to forensic neuropsy- with charts summarizing brain lobe the frequent presentation of both ex- chology, such as third party observ- 286 November 2010 | Vol. 22 No. 4 | Annals of Clinical Psychiatry ANNALS OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY BOOK REVIEWS ers, positions by professional organi- extensively, including fitness for but, surprisingly, not in forensic psy- zations, and relevant research. duty, disabled individuals, older chology. The section on measuring clients, children and youth, au- Overall, I found the Handbook of change in functioning is quite tech- tism spectrum disorders, substance forensic neuropsychology to be useful nical, but an important area of neu- abuse, and neurotoxicology. How- in providing survey information for ropsychology to be elucidated be- ever, there is great variability in the many issues associated with the field. cause it provides evidence necessary structure of these chapters. Some The strongest and most useful chap- to determine not only clinically but are short and lack information on ters were those with charts, examples, also statistically meaningful change. specific tests that are appropriate and/or sample materials. However, I In this section, graphs and tables are and useful to conduct evaluations have an issue with the inconsistency of very useful in explaining complex is- and base legal opinions and some the information provided across chap- sues, and the utilization of specific are extensive with specific recom- ters, with some providing information test examples, such as the Wechsler mendations for neuropsychologi- only on forensic psychology or only Memory Scale, is beneficial. cal evaluation
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