SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY

LITERARY STUDIES

UDC 809.362 + 362.2.32 Kamil Fikret oglu Adishirinov Candidate of Philological Sciences Leading Scientist of Sheki Regional Center of Science, Republic of

THE ESTABLISHING OF THE GOLDEN PENCIL SOCIETY, ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERS

Abstract. The article “Establishment and activity of the Sheki branch of the Golden Pen Society” examines the establishment and activity of the Sheki branch of the Red Pen Society, which arose from the ideological and political demands of the Soviet society. Analyzing the creative path of former members of the Society Heydar Efendiyev, Abdulazal Demirchizade, Osman Jumazade and Sabit Rahman, the researcher brings to the readers' attention the issues of literary development of the Sheki school of in the 20-40s of the XX century. The article is of great scientific value in terms of studying the literary process in Sheki during this period. Keywords: Golden Pens Society, Sheki Literary Environment, “Nukha Worker” newspaper, Poetry, Story, Libretto, Members of the Golden Pen Society

Today, the Azerbaijan Writers' Union, which guides and evaluates the development of literature in our country, has gone through a long and meaningful development. On August 17, 1923, a group of writers appealed to all writers of Azerbaijan to establish the Writers' Union. In the appeal it was stated that thanks to the efforts and activities of the delegation, the Association of Turkic Writers and Poets has already been established, and the name of the title is “Lightning”. The applicants asked all the writers to visit the Darulmuallim building, where the association is located, on August 18th. The fruits of this initiative proved itself on March 30, 1925, at that time to bring good traditions of

915 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 3(39) folk literature into modern literature, to introduce young literary forces with the subtleties of art and fiction, to expand literary criticism, and to thoroughly study Azerbaijani literature. organized. Already in December 1925, young writers united around the “Communist” newspaper to create the “Young Red Pens Association”, a literary foundation of the Soviet ideology, the work of the peasants and the villagers. In fact, the founding of this society had political aims, which were to confront the older writers with the pen of young, inexperienced, but young men with a penetrating pen. It was for this reason that on the 30th of November, 1926, that the newly created young gold pens squeezed the literary society, it was decided to merge the two societies, and from that date the society began to be called the “Golden Pen”. Commenting on the history of the development of this period of the Writers' Union, the literary critic, critic, doctor of philology, Vagif Yusifli writes: Since 1927, the magazine “Education and Culture” has become the body of the “Golden Pen” Union [1]. A number of talented young people have joined the ranks of the literary community operating under the editorial board of the Nukha Worker’s newspaper. Journalist Mahyaddin Abbasov, who has been editor of the newspaper for many years (using the pseudonym Pashazade in his writings - K.A.), wrote on this occasion: The “Nuha Worker’s” new spaper has provided a great contribution to the training of young writers for 25 years. Since its inception, Nuha has published works by local young writers on its pages and has helped them with their future development. The Nuha branch of the Azerbaijani Proletarian Writers' Society has been established under the “Nuha Worker” since 1925, where young writers of Nukhan have gathered and their special edition of the “Golden Pen” has been released. Famous Soviet writers of Azerbaijan Samad Vurgun, Osman Sarvalli, Yusif Shirvan, Sabit Rahman, Abdulla Faruq and many others attended the meeting. One of the first members of the Sheki organization of the “Golden Pens Association” was Heydar Efendiyev. Heydar Khalil oglu Efendiyev was born on July 1, 1907 in Sheki. After his father's death, little Heydar's aunt took care of him and put him in a city school. After graduating from the little Heydar Sheki's school “Vatan”

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(School No. 5- KA), he entered the Sheki Teacher's Seminary - Darling Teacher, where he graduated in 1925. Heydar Efendiev later chose a life of honor as a teacher to save children from illiteracy and become the founders of a new life, and he had exceptional services in the development of public education in Shaki. His cultural level and artistic talent were still in his writing when he was a student, and he featured himself in poems and articles published in the Wallpaper by Daruellimell. Academician MA Kashkay describes Heydar Efendiyev from his youth as a critic, literary, publicist and talented educator. He has published articles in the literary-scientific, economical-pedagogical “Bilgi” monthly publications published by Shaki's educators and educators during his school years. - KA) has published political, social, pedagogical and scientific articles in the newspaper and “Bilgi”. These articles have attracted readers' attention with their deep content and elegant style. In 1927, after Heydar Efendiyev was elected responsible for the Sheki branch of the Golden Pen literary association, he was tasked with periodically preparing the page for the Young Pencils of the district newspaper [3, 13]. He quickly became known for his talent, and while writing in the ranks of the literary organization, he wrote his works with the signatures “Heydar”, “Efendiyev” and “H-q”. His articles on M.F Akhundzadeh are largely in his publicist work, which stems from Heydar Efendiyev's love for MirzaFataliAkhundzade's creativity and personality. Journalist Ismet Safarov, who appreciates Heydar Efendiyev's creative way as a publicist, wrote: “In the early days of his career, H. Efendiyev was known as a critic, publicist and fine teacher in Shaki. During his student years, the young Heydar has published a number of articles with the signatures of “Heydar” and “Afandiyev” in the “Bilgi” magazine, “Sheki Worker” and other “Young Pens” pages. Among them are “A look at our literary history”, “Activity and Organization of Sheki Branch of Fatali Akhundzadeh,” Golden Pen “Literary Society” and other publicist articles” [4]. In honor of the 50th anniversary of his death, Heydar Efendiyev wrote in the newspaper Sheki Felicity: “Any person who respects our cultural history is obliged to remember

917 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 3(39) the memory of Mirza. We would have paid our debt in the face of history. M.F., Akhundzadeh's memory should be celebrated nationwide ”[5, 72]. While studying at the Faculty of Mathematics at the Azerbaijan State University in 1929-1932, Heydar Efendiyev made a number of valuable articles in the national press, especially in the pages of the magazine “Help for a Teacher”. After his higher education, he returned to his native Sheki and began teaching at the school where he was writing and writing for the first time until 1933 [6, 310]. In 1933, Heydar Efendiyev connected his life with the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR until the end of his life and gained fame as the organizer and head of geochemical science in Azerbaijan. This outstanding scientist of science and literature died in 1967 in . One of the members of the Sheki organization of the “Golden Pens Association” was Osman Jazmade. This illuminated teacher, who was born in Nukha in 1907, maintains friendly relations with Heydar Efendiyev, Abdulaziz Demirchizade and Sabit Rahman, who are active members of the Sheki section of the Golden Pen Society. He has written satirical poems and fiction from his youth and published them in the pages of the “Nukha Worker” and the “Nukha Workers”, and later on the Hedgehog and “Sheki Workers”. Later, this eminent personality, who moved to Baku, worked as a reporter for “Molla Nasraddin”, magazines “Sharq Woman” and “Yeni Yol” and published his works under the pseudonym “Aciz”. The poet's “Hedgehog” magazine published satirical poems “Zim passed” and “Chadra, hat, alphabet”. In the satirical poem “The Time Has Been Passed,”the policemen are exposed by a subtle poetic procession: One of the active members of the Sheki organization of the Golden Pens Society was Abdulazal Demirchizade, one of the founders of the Azerbaijani linguistics. He was born in 1909 in the family of blacksmith Mammad. The blacksmith Mammad put his son in a school in Shaki in 1917 called “Truth – education”. But little Abdul's dream was to study in a city school. He expressed his wish to his father that he could hardly read it, even if it was difficult. Demirchizadeh studied at the same school with Heydar

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Efendiyev at the city school (which is now school 5). In addition to their personal friendships, they were joined by artistic creativity and a love of literature. Because both Abdulazal and Heydar wrote poems and were active members of the Sheki branch of the Golden Pen Society. A. Demirchizade was an active representative of the literary environment, not only during his school years, but also during his studies at Sheki Pedagogical School. He returned to Sheki after graduating from the language and literature faculty of the Azerbaijan State University (now - BSU) and later received postgraduate education. He is a perfect researcher of Azerbaijani linguistics. Demirchizade then grew up to be the most prominent linguist in the Azer flag and wrote numerous works on diarrhea. While Demirchizade's growing up as a prominent linguist was due to his personal work and talent, on the other hand his cultivation environment was associated with his outstanding scholars. The scholar himself once wrote: “… I was a student of such prominent figures as Professor Bekir Chobanzade, Abdurrahimbey Hagverdiyev, Yusif Vazir, , and a number of famous personalities in the field of literature, art and science – Samad Vurgun, Suleiman Rustam, Abulhan , academician Hamid Arasli, Professor Jafar Khandan, People's Artist S. Salamzadeh and others as a classmate... His services in the field of Azerbaijani agriculture are expressed in two verses in his remarks on the 60th anniversary of the birth of the scientist, Mammadsalim Tahir, a well-known scientist of the Azerbaijan State Pedagogical Institute [5,74]. A prominent representative of our children's literature, poet and poet Zahid Khalil wrote in his book “The author of poems and dramas”. Reflecting Demirchizade's activities in the Golden Pen Society, he wrote: “Demirchizade started his artistic career at the age of 19-20 and worked on this front for nearly 20 years. He was still an active member of the Red Pens Society while studying at the Shaki Pedagogical School and often made fiction articles on the pages of the ShekiFahli newspaper. He skillfully utilized the richness of the and the possibilities of artistic words from his first poems to his great poems “Garaca Shepherd”, “Sonya”, “Dede Gorgud” [8].

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The first poem of A.Demirchizade was published in the newspaper “Nukha Fahler” in 1927, and readers of the republic and local newspapers have often come to see him. His poems “Anama”[9], “Vur” [9], “Challenge” [9], which he wrote during those years, were published in the pages of the newspaper “Nukha Worker” In the poem “Anama”, the young poet confronted the skull and expressed the desire and desire for the education of women, not the letter sent by his mother, but by the hands of his mother. A. Demirchizade's Feletons were published on the pages of the Nukha Workers' newspaper under the signature of “Chalsaqqal”. A.Demirchizadeh has also tested the pen in dramatics, and for the first time in our literature he has written a libretto “Dada Korkut” [10] together with Sh. Libretto was included in the repertoire of the Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Society in 1943 and played on stage. The main idea of the work is to protect the homeland's lands from the enemy and instigate hatred towards the enemy, depending on the authors' people's position. Events in the libretto are based on a simple plot line. The plot shows that while Uruz khan is hunting, the enemy attacks Oguz. As a reflection of the thinking mind of the people, the wise advice and inspiration of Dede Korgud dominates - as the embodiment of the public unity, the Uruz khan Karaca is shepherded and exiled by the shepherd. From the very beginning, the audience sees the authors' spirit. In the epic, Kazan khan considers the help of a simple shepherd to be unforgivable to him. Demirchizade combines them in the libretto as the embodiment of the ruling-folk union. Another author's position is that the love story of Uruz khan's shepherd's daughter Gulchin is reflected in the work. Relationship to “Kitabi-Dada Korud” did not stop him from devoting his work to this magnificent monument, he also wrote the play “Karaca Shepherd” based on the motives of the saga of Salur Kazan's house. A.Demirchizadeh is also a talented poet with a poetic talent. Y. Ismailova, a literary critic who writes in motives of “Kitabi- Dada Gorgud” in Azerbaijani literature, writes with great care about the structural features of the work: “Karaca Shepherd” is generally a playwriting for poetry. The poems in the work have rhythmic structure, interstitial and Egyptian rhymes, and

920 SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY beautiful artistic content. Poems and songs, in all cases, contribute to the development of the plot, on the one hand, while enhancing the artistic nature of the work, on the one hand, by combining the content of the depicted assembly and the plot ” [11]. Salur Kazan in Python - The dark shepherd line is delivered to the reader in a simplified way. For example, the play paradigm in play is not the same as in the saga. In the epic, Kazan khan speaks to his brother Karagun's dream, in accordance with the idea that Demirchizade should be close to the people, breathe with the people, and trust the people. In the third veil, the playwright portrays Kazan khan with Karaca's shepherd in battle to show the unwavering unity of this union. In the play, as in the play, Oguz warriors win over the enemy in accordance with the author's wishes and wishes. A talented playwright who could not even imagine the ruler of the nation, Uruz son of the head of Oguz Salur Kazan and his shepherd daughter Gulchin artfully express their wishes. One of the active members of the Sheki section of the Golden Pens Society was Sabit Rahman. His uncle, Alakbar Mahmudov, had a great service in his connection to literature. This prominent educator was one of the organizers of the “Freedom of Education” in Sheki, served as the head of the Sheki Accident Education Department after the Soviet government in Azerbaijan, and was one of the leaders in the fight against illiteracy in Shaki. Despite being a physicist and mathematician, he was an active member of the Sheki Golden Pen Society. He was editor of the Bilgi magazine, which was published as a body of the Sheki Accident Education Department in 1924, and has published articles on the issues of literature and public education in the magazines “Revolution and Culture”, “The East Woman”, and the Communist newspaper. Exactly, with the support and blessing of this outstanding educator, Sabit Rahman has dignified the Shaki literary and cultural environment by stepping into the world of great literature. Sabit Rahman, like his contemporaries, was educated in the city school where his uncle taught. Arif Safiyev, a philological researcher who researches the works of Sabit Rahman in a monograph, writes about the evolution of the writer's literary creativity and his connection to the “Molla Nasreddin” magazine:

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His first papers and articles were published in the journal “Molla Nasreddin”. The participation of “Molla Nasreddin” magazine has influenced the writer's creativity. Hagverdiyev played an important role [13,11]. The writer used the pseudonym “Sheikh Samit” in his first stories and felonies. A small article does not exclude the opportunity to speak about the creativity of all members of the Golden Pen Society. However, it is important to note that this period of regional literature should be carefully investigated and the manuscripts found in the sorted papers should be brought to the attention of the readers.

References: 1. 1.Yusifli. V. Our temple of art. Newspaper “525th”, Baku, December 16, 2009 2. Pashazade. M. School of young talents: article “The work of Nukha”. 1946, October 25th. 3. Qashqay.M. Scientific, scientific-organizational and pedagogical activity of Heydar Efendiyev / Memories about Heydar Efendiyev. Baku: Science, 2008, 308 p. 4. Safarov I. A book about a great scientist.Sheki Worker, Newspaper, Sheki, March 8, 1969 5. Ahmadov. H, Efendiyev S. 150-year-old Shekis chool. Baku: Education, 94 p. 6. Shaki names, surnames and nicknames (Book II) / compiled by: Z. Mabudoglu, U. Bashirkizi, K. Adishirinov. Baku: Nafta Press, 2009,605 p. 7. Jumazade Osman. Zim has passed: satirical poetry // Hedgehog, Baku, 1956, No.20, page 5 8. Mammadov Shamkhalil. Talented scientist, eminent educator, author of folk art “Azerbaijan Teacher”, Baku, 2011, February 18, 2011 9. Ramiz Orsar. Sounds from Shaki. Baku: Science and Education, 2018, 856 p. 10. Demirchizade A. Dede Korkut (epic folklore). Libretto (music by G. Salahov and C. Cahangirov. Baku: Department of Art at the CPS of Azerbaijan SSR 11. Ismailova Y.N. “Kitabi – Dede Korgud” epics and modern Azerbaijani literature: Abstract of the thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philology, Baku, 2013, 60 p. (44,45,46,47) 12. Demirchizade A. Black Shepherd (four-piece gown) Baku, 1942, 40 s (The play was first performed in Azerbaijan at the Theater of Young Spectators named after M. Gorki on April 27, 28 and 30, 1946 as a performance dedicated to the XXVI anniversary of the Soviet power in Azerbaijan. 13. Safiyev. A. Fixed Compassionate. (playwright comedy creativity). Baku: Writer, 1987, 197 p. 14. Sheki branch of the Golden Pen Literary Society // Institute of Manuscripts named after M. , DM-527, inventory - 534, Baku, 1927, № 4 922