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Revista Eneroetica REVISTA 25 ENEROETICA Mayo - ,iunio/82 May - June/82 OrganizaciónLat inoamericana de Energía Latín American Energy Organization ENFRIAMIENTO PASIVO EN VENEZUELA~ PASSIVE SPACE COOUNG IN VENEZUELA olade INFORME FINAL DEL PRIMER SEMINARIO REGIONAL SOBRE FINANCIAMIENTO PARA EL DESARROLLO ENERGETICO DE AMERICA LATINA otade FIRST REGIONAL SEMINAR ON FINANCING ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA ~ LA PROSPECCION DE LAS CUENCAS SEDIMENTARIAS DE AMERICA LATINA oladc PROSPECTING IN THE SEDIMENTARY BASINS OF LATIN AMERICA olade ENERGIA Y FINANCIAMIENTO: EXPERIENCIAS INSTITUCIONALES Y NACIO- NALES olade ENERGY ANO FINANCING: NATIONAL ANO INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCES olade LA ENERGIA. DENTRO DEL BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO (BID) oladc ENERGY IN THE INTER·AMERICAN OEVELOPMENT BANK (IOB) Organización Latinoamericana de Energía lada ORGANO DE DIVULGACION TECNICA DE LA ORGANIZACION LATINOAMERICANA DE ENERGIA (OLADE) PERIODICAL FOR DISSEM!NATION MAYO - JUNI0/82 OF THE LATIN AMERICAN ENERGY ORGANIZATION MAY - JUNE/82 EDITORIAL 3 EDITORIAL 59 / jENFRIAMIENTO PASIVO EN VENEZUELA 6 I l'13 \PASSIVE SPACE COOUNG IN VENEZUELA o1 n-.c~~ 1- i;-b\s ~ ~ ~c~s ~ ~- ~-\.'):{~;; -: c1ii...1a·'{ ,.:i- ~ N FORME FINAL DEL PRIMER SEMINARIO RE- j~IONAL SOBRE FINANCIAMIENTO PARA EL DE- / IL!h ~SARROLLO ENERGETICO DE AMERICA LATINA 30 jFIRST REGIONAL SEMINAR ON FINANCING \ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA 85 . (LA PROSPECCION DE LAS CUENCAS SEDIMEN- ,,. 1 TARIAS DE AMERICA LATINA 37 , ¡,::¡/6~o~:~~T~~E~~CATHE SEDIMENTARY BASINS 92 (ENERGIA Y FINANCIAMIENTO: EXPERIENCIAS /JL\G. INSTITUCIONALES Y NACIONALES 39 ENERGY ANO FINANCING: NATIONAL ANO I!NSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCES 95 (LA ENERGIA, DENTRO DEL BANCO INTERAMERI- ~· )CANO DE DESARROLLO (BID) 44 · / 11\J;iENERGY IN THE INTER-AMERICAN DEVEL- f OPMENT BANK (IDB) 98 Los articulas firmados son de la exclusiva responsabilidad de sus autores y no expresan, necesariamente, la posición oficial de la Secre- taria Permanente, Toda colaboración deberá ser dirigido a la Coordinación de RR.PP., ln1ormación y Difusión de OLADE: Casilla 6413 C. C. l., Quita, Ecuador. The signad arncies are the exclusive responsí bility of íheír authors, and they do not necessarily express the official posítlon o1 the Permanent secretanat. Any remarks should be directed to the Office of Díf!usion, OLADE, Casilla 6413 C. C. 1 , Quito, Ecuador. Organización Latinoamericana de Energía EDITORIAL Dentro de los instrumentos que existen para el conocimiento de la situación ener- gética de un país o de una región, se destacan como fundamentales: el balance energé- tico y el inventario de recursos y reservas energéticas, los cuales siendo dos aspectos estáticos de una misma coyuntura, se asemejan a la visión, en un determinado instan- te, de la economía energética en estudio. En cierta manera en las estadísticas energéticas de los diversos organismos inter nacionales y nacionales, no existe un criterio homogéneo y coherente para la formu- lación de datos referentes al inventario de recursos y reservas energéticas. Las estadís- ticas, estudios y trabajos existentes, están diseñados, básicamente, con fines de difusión de datos, referentes a la demanda, producción y consumo de energéticos, sin tener otros cuidados ni preocupación por el conocimiento individual o global de los inventarios de recursos y reservas energéticas, y de las potencialidades de cada país, región, o del mundo en general. En realidad reina en este campo una cierta inquietud en cuanto a los criterios y definiciones para su evaluación, desconociéndose algún método unificado que permi- ta un conocimiento más exacto y sistemático de las cifras referentes a recursos y re- servas energéticas. Por otro lado, junto con el inicio de la política de reajuste de precios del petróleo, a partir de 1973, se observó principalmente un realineamiento mundial referente a la estructura de producción y consumo de energía, de tal manera que cada país se adap- tara a las nuevas condiciones del mercado y a sus propias posibilidades. De ello se derivó la intensificación actual no solamente de la investigación y exploración de petróleo, coadyuvada por los nuevos niveles de los precios internacionales, sino tam- bién la aparición de una política intensa de conservación de energía y la substitución de petróleo por otras fuentes alternas, con la agilización sobre todo del desarrollo tec- nológico. Al ciclo energético se reincorporan otras fuentes de energía que habían caído en desuso, ahora bajo el nombre de "fuentes nuevas y renovables" y amparadas por nuevas tecnologías y medios de explotación y aprovechamiento. Igualmente, se están incorporando y desarrollando nuevas y sofisticadas fuentes de energía, basadas en tecnologías de punta y de alto nivel, tales como la fisión y fusión nuclear. Todos estos hechos conducen a la necesidad de revisar los antiguos conceptos y criterios utilizados para realizar el inventario de los recursos y reservas energéti- cas. Surgen los nuevos conceptos de fuentes "no renovables" y "renovables" de energía, entendiéndose las primeras como aquellas que tienen relación con los combustibles fósiles, nucleares y otras de existencia limitada. Por otro lado, las llamadas fuentes "renovables" que no significan que son permanentes o ilimitadas en su totalidad; a pesar de que se generan más de una vez son igualmente limitadas y agotables; en muchos casos debido a varios factores condicionantes. Tal es el caso, por ejemplo, de las fuen- tes hidráulicas cuyo potencial es limítado y su utilización es finita para un determinado & 3 Organización Latinoamericana de Energía aprovechamiento, debido a las obstrucciones y otros desgastes. Las fuentes agroenergé- ticas están condicionadas al uso de la tierra y a su agotamiento, y demandan casi siempre y cada cierto tiempo la renovación de cultivos y otros procesos. En este contexto es muy interesante el artículo "La energía dentro del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo" de Gustavo Calderón C., en el cual hace un enfoque global de las actividades de aquel organismo en el financiamiento de todas las fuentes energéticas de la región. De manera especial destacarnos la afirmación de que "el BID pretende realizar a nivel nacional o regional estudios y evaluaciones de los recur- sos energéticos". Asimismo, en el Informe sobre el 1 Seminario Regional sobre Financiamiento para el Desarrollo Energético de América Latina, realizado por OLADE con los auspi- cios del BID, Banco de Desarrollo del Caribe (CDB), y Gobierno de Barbados, en junio de 1982, encontramos que "la utilización de las fuentes energéticas no guarda relación con la dotación o disponibilidad de los mismos en el área, por lo que se obser- van marcados desequilibrios en América Latina". "La hidroenergta (de la cual se utiliza solamente 7 o/o de sil potencial estimado en América Latina) y las llamadas fuentes nuevas, no se aprovechan en su verdadera potencialidad". Se incluyen en la presente edición otros dos importantes artículos: uno del inge- niero Fausto Cáceres que hace una síntesis sobre "energía y financiamiento, experien- cias institucionales y nacionales" en Honduras, y otro sobre "La prospección de las cuencas sedimentarias en América Latina", informe de los trabajos de OLADE en el área de hidrocarburos. Finalmente, la edición se complementa con el artículo "Enfriamiento pasivo en Venezuela" el cual contiene interesantes conceptos y consideraciones sobre la arqui- tectura, conservación de energía y medio ambiente, tomando en cuenta la evolución históri- ca y cultural de Ibero-América y especialmente de Venezuela. Es importante observar que una solución al problema energético puede significar un cambio en la estructura energética del país y asimismo conducir hacia nuevos hábitos y actitudes, pero no involucra la necesidad de cambios en la estructura políti- ca, social o económica. En ese sentido, el trabajo que viene realizando OLADE en el marco del Pro- grama Latinoamericano de Cooperación Energética (PLACE), para completar sus metodologías para evaluar y calcular los recursos y reservas energéticas de las di- ferentes fuentes ºtales como: hidroenergra, hidrocarburos, carbón, turba, uranio, bioenergía, geotermia, solar y eólica, a fin de conocer en términos coherentes, consistentes y homogeneos, la potencíalidad energética de cada país y de América Latina en su conjunto, es un esfuerzo muy importante para el futuro de los planes y de los modelos energéticos de la región. Luiz Claudio Magalhaes DIRECTORTECNICO 4 Organización Latinoamericana de Energía BI ap BJJBJ~o.ro B'J z:ur)I ooo·oo8·L 1 ms ¡;:ip e::lp~rn.rv zUI)I 000'9fZ: sem:i.uv t?}Jt?.t8010 zw)I OOO'Ot~ ¡c.r¡w:iJ nouourv . ··. 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