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Manual De Buenas Prácticas Para La Realización De Obras De Emergencia En Entornos De La Red Natura 2000

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Manual De Buenas Prácticas Para La Realización De Obras De Emergencia En Entornos De La Red Natura 2000 Manual de Buenas Prácticas para la realización de obras de emergencia en entornos de la Red Natura 2000 Proyecto “Conservación de hábitats y especies prioritarias de la RN 2000 (región levantina-balear) en el marco de actuaciones de defensa costera” ÍNDICE 1. Introducción. ................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Conceptos generales. ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Funcionamiento del ecosistema litoral. ................................................................................... 7 2.2. Principales hábitats litorales. ................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1. Hábitat 1110: Bancos de arena cubiertos permanentemente por agua marina poco profunda (Bancales sublitorales). ................................................................................................ 13 2.2.2. Hábitat 1120: Praderas de Posidonia oceanica. ................................................................ 17 2.2.3. Hábitat 1170: Arrecifes. .................................................................................................... 20 2.2.3.1. Piso supralitoral. ............................................................................................................ 20 2.2.3.2. Piso mediolitoral. ........................................................................................................... 21 2.2.3.3. Piso infralitoral. .............................................................................................................. 23 2.2.3.4. Piso circalitoral. .............................................................................................................. 33 2.2.4. Hábitat 8330: Cuevas sumergidas o semisumergidas. ...................................................... 35 2.2.5. Especies de interés comunitario y de aves. ...................................................................... 36 2.3. Especies de interés conservacionista. .................................................................................... 37 3. La Red Natura 2000. ...................................................................................................................... 48 3.1. Generalidades. ........................................................................................................................ 48 3.1.1. Legislación de referencia. .................................................................................................. 48 3.1.2. Directiva Hábitats. ............................................................................................................. 49 3.1.3. La Directiva AVES. .............................................................................................................. 49 3.2. La Red Natura 2000 en la Demarcación Levantino Balear. ................................................... 50 3. 3. Administraciones competentes. ............................................................................................ 54 3.4. La Red Natura 2000 en la UE. ................................................................................................. 54 3.5. La Red Natura 2000 en España. .............................................................................................. 55 3.6. Conservación. .......................................................................................................................... 56 3.6.1. Gestión. ............................................................................................................................. 57 3.6.2. Evaluación de afecciones. ................................................................................................. 58 3.6.3. Medidas compensatorias. ................................................................................................. 59 3.6.4. Seguimiento y evaluación. ................................................................................................ 60 3.6.5. Integración de la Red Natura 2000 en otras políticas. ...................................................... 61 Instituto de Ecología Litoral – Fundación Biodiversiad. Pág. 2 Manual buenas prácticas ambientales para obras de defensa costera 4. Las Estrategias marinas. ................................................................................................................ 62 4.1. Las Estrategias marinas en España. ........................................................................................ 63 4.1.1. Herramientas de coordinación y cooperación. ................................................................. 64 4.2. Estrategia marina para la demarcación levantino-balear. .................................................... 65 4.2.1. LOS objetivos ambientales de la región levantino–balear. ............................................... 66 4.2.2. Los informes de compatibilidad. ....................................................................................... 79 4.2.2.1. Las obras de defensa costera en el contexto de los informes de compatibilidad. ....... 82 5. Obras costeras de defensa del litoral. .......................................................................................... 88 5.1. Tipos de actuaciones más frecuentes. ................................................................................... 88 5.1.1. Construcción de diques y espigones. ............................................................................... 88 5.1.2. Dragados y aportes de áridos. .......................................................................................... 90 5.2. Potenciales impactos. ............................................................................................................. 91 5.2.1. Construcción de diques y espigones. ............................................................................... 92 5.2.2. Dragados y aportes de áridos. .......................................................................................... 92 6. Mejores prácticas para evitar o minimizar el impacto ambiental. ............................................. 96 6.1. Buenas prácticas para dragados. ............................................................................................ 98 6.2. Buenas prácticas para el vertido de sedimentos. ................................................................ 101 6.2.1. Colocación. ...................................................................................................................... 103 7. Diseño de los planes de vigilancia ambiental (PVA) – planes de seguimiento. ........................ 107 7.1. Los Planes de vigilancia ambiental (PVA). ........................................................................... 108 7.1.1. Directrices del CEDEX para el Plan de vigilancia ambiental. ........................................... 108 7.1.2. Niveles de referencia. ...................................................................................................... 113 7.2. Seguimiento ambiental. ........................................................................................................ 115 7.3. Autoría. .................................................................................................................................. 115 8. Estrategias de comunicación. ..................................................................................................... 117 8.1. ¿Por qué comunicar? ............................................................................................................ 117 8.2. ¿Cómo trabajar con los medios de comunicación? ............................................................. 118 8.3. Presentación de la información medioambiental para su difusión .................................... 119 8.4. Televisión y radio. ................................................................................................................. 119 8.5. La Prensa. .............................................................................................................................. 120 8.6. Internet y sitios web. ............................................................................................................ 121 Instituto de Ecología Litoral – Fundación Biodiversiad. Pág. 3 Manual buenas prácticas ambientales para obras de defensa costera 8.7. Instrumentos para divulgar mensajes. ................................................................................. 122 8.7.1. Conferencias de prensa ................................................................................................... 122 8.7.1.1. Elementos clave de una conferencia de prensa ideal. ................................................ 122 8.7.1.2. Preparación de una conferencia de prensa ................................................................. 122 8.7.1.3. Consejos para responder a las preguntas. ................................................................... 123 8.7.1.4. Tras la conferencia de prensa. ..................................................................................... 123 8.7.2. Sesiones informativas a los medios de comunicación .................................................... 124 8.7.3. Seminarios y cursillos ...................................................................................................... 124 8.7.4. Comunicados de prensa. ................................................................................................
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