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Improved Cost, Reliability, and Grid Integration of High Concentration Photovoltaic Systems
California Solar Initiative Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment Program RD&D : Final Project Report: Improving Cost, Reliability and Grid Integration of High-Concentration Photovoltaic Systems Grantee: Amonix, Inc. January 2015 www.CalSolarResearch.ca.gov PREPARED BY 1709 Apollo Court Seal Beach, CA 90740 Principal Investigators: Project Partners: Robert McConnell University of California, Irvine (UCI) Amonix Director of Government Projects National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) rmcconnell @ amonix.com U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Southern California Edison (SCE) PREPARED FOR California Public Utilities Commission California Solar Initiative: Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment Program CSI RD&D PROGRAM MANAGER Program Manager: Project Manager: Smita Gupta Stephan Barsun Smita.Gupta @ itron.com Stephan.Barsun @ itron.com DISCLAIMER “Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CPUC, Itron, Inc. or the CSI RD&D Program.” Additional information and links to project related documents can be found at http://www.calsolarresearch.ca.gov/Funded-Projects/ Preface The goal of the California Solar Initiative (CSI) Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment (RD&D) Program is to foster a sustainable and self-supporting customer-sited solar market. To achieve this, the California Legislature authorized the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) to allocate $50 million of the CSI budget to an RD&D program. Strategically, the RD&D program seeks to leverage cost-sharing funds from other state, federal and private research entities, and targets activities across these four stages: • Grid integration, storage, and metering: 50-65% • Production technologies: 10-25% • Business development and deployment: 10-20% • Integration of energy efficiency, demand response, and storage with photovoltaics (PV) There are seven key principles that guide the CSI RD&D Program: 1. -
Challenges in the Design of Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Modules to Achieve Highest Efficiencies M
APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 5, 041601 (2018) Challenges in the design of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules to achieve highest efficiencies M. Wiesenfarth,1,a) I. Anton,2 and A. W. Bett1 1Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany 2Instituto de Energıa Solar (IES), Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Av. Complutense, 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain (Received 1 July 2018; accepted 22 October 2018; published online 15 November 2018) Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) is a special high efficiency system technology in the world of PV-technologies. The idea of CPV is to use optical light concentrators to increase the incident power on solar cells. The solar cell area is comparatively tiny, thus saving expensive semiconduc- tor materials and allowing the use of more sophisticated and more costly multi-junction solar cells. The highest CPV module efficiency achieved is 38.9%. This CPV module uses four-junction III-V- based solar cells. Moreover, mini-modules have already achieved an efficiency of 43.4%. The interaction between optics, cells, and layout of the module and tracker determines the overall field performance. Today, some utility scale CPV plants are installed. The CPV technology allows for many technical solutions for system designs and for optimizing performance while maintaining the economics. This paper will review the achievements and discuss the challenges for the CPV mod- ule technology and its components. We discuss the different components and the most important effects regarding the module design. Furthermore, we present the module designs that have shown the highest efficiencies. Published by AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5046752 TABLE OF CONTENTS F. -
Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Program Plan: 2008-2012
Multi Year Program Plan 2008-2012 April 15, 2008 Solar Energy Technologies Program – 2008-2012 MYPP 1 A Letter from the Program Manager April 2008 Washington, D.C. Welcome to the 2008-2012 Multi-Year Program Plan for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar Energy Technologies Program (Solar Program). The Solar Program is responsible for carrying out the Federal role in researching, developing, demonstrating and deploying solar energy technologies. This document presents a look inside the Solar Program’s plans for the next five years, as well as the areas of work that we intend to emphasize. The Solar Program is driven by the Solar America Initiative (SAI), a Presidential initiative launched in 2007 with the goal of achieving grid-parity for solar electricity produced by photovoltaic (PV) systems across the nation by 2015 - making the SAI a nine-year effort. This plan covers years two through six of the SAI, which can be considered the core of the initiative. The activities covered within this plan highlight what efforts the Solar Program will undertake to reach the SAI goal. We will not, however, reach the SAI goal alone. During the first year of the SAI, the Solar Program was able to lay the initial foundation for success through aggressive research and development (R&D) efforts in collaboration with private industry and national laboratories, and expanded that effort to universities in early 2008. Simultaneously, the program launched a groundbreaking market transformation effort to help commercialize solar technologies by targeting and eliminating market barriers to solar energy, as well as promoting deployment opportunities, through partnerships with cities, companies, non-profits, and universities. -
High-Efficiency Multi-Junction Solar Cells: Current Status and Future Potential
High-efficiency multi-junction solar cells: Current status and future potential Natalya V. Yastrebova, Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, April 2007 Table of contents Introduction................................................................................................................................. 2 Basic principles of multi-junction solar cells.............................................................................. 6 Bandgaps .................................................................................................................................. 6 Lattice constants ....................................................................................................................... 8 Current matching ..................................................................................................................... 9 Fabrication of present-day multi-junction solar cells................................................................ 9 Future design improvements .................................................................................................... 12 Design optimization of the existing layers .............................................................................. 12 Increasing the number of junctions ....................................................................................... 12 Inclusion of semiconductor quantum dots ............................................................................. 13 Concentrator photovoltaics .....................................................................................................