i v m i

CALL FOR SANCTIONS MADE IN U.N. ' j^ j7 If From Our United Nations Correspondent, June 12 WheA the Security Council today cause for some relief, but does not resumed its debate on the situation in basically change the situation ”. It con- South Africa, it heard seven speakers eluded by saying that the sentences representing Morocco, Czeehslovakia, imposed on the African leaders were a China, Sierra Leone, India, Liberia, and “ direct challenge which the United Russia join in condemning the sentences Nations cannot afford to ignore ”. in the Rivonia trial. For Russia, Dr. Federenko said the Security Council could not remain in­ MR. BUTLER TO GIVE different to Mr. Luthuli’s appeal for GOVERNMENT VIEW action, including economic sanctions against South Africa. It was impos­ FROM OUR POLITICAL CORRESPONDENT sible, asserted the Soviet spokesman, Ministers of the defence and overseas for any country now to remain neutral. policy committee of the Cabinet are No legal casuistry could justify absten­ believed to have discussed the Rivonia tions from voting at a time when “ the trial and public reactions to it when I most horrible crimes against humanity ”. the Prime Minister called them to were being committed in South Africa. 10 Downing Street for a meeting yester­ The United Nations, said Dr. Fedo­ day on his return from Chequers. renko, must meet the challenge. The Prime Minister has taken a close The Council adjourned until Monday interest in the trial. It is expected that morning without any draft resolution Mr. Butler, the Foreign Secretary, who being tabled. Behind the scenes, it is was at the meeting, will make a state­ learned, two drafts are being circulated ment in the Commons on Monday, in 1 and discussed. One, favoured by reply to Mr. Fenner Brockway, Labour I { Guinea, calls for the immediate applica member for Eton and Slough, about the I ( tion of sanctions against South Africa, Government's attitude to the trial and the sentences. Both the Prime Minister EXPERT COMMITTEE and Mr. Butler will no doubt refer to The other, favoured by Norway, the subject when they speak in the would propose the setting up of an ex­ foreign affairs debate next week. Mr. pert committee representing all 11 mem­ Butler will speak on Tuesday and the bers of the Council, to study and report Prime Minister on Wednesday. on the feasibility and effectiveness of In addition to Sir Alec Douglas-Home measures which could be taken to bring and Mr. Butler, the Ministers who pressure to bear upon the Government attended yesterday’s meeting, which was of South Africa and induce it to aban­ mot called specifically to discuss the don apartheid. trial, were: Mr. Boyd-Carpenter, Chief Meanwhile, the African group of 56 Secretary to the Treasury; Mr. Sandys, countries met privately today and issued Commonwealth and Colonial Secretary; a statement expressing “ profound indig­ Mr. Thorneycroft, Secretary of State nation ” at the sentences. The statement i:or Defence; Lord Carrington, Minister added that the fact that the men had not without Portfolio; and Lord Dilhorne, been given the maximum sentences “ is the Lord Chancellor. » Sentences of life imprisonment Were imposed yesterday on Nelson Mandela and the other seven men—five Africans, a white man and an Indian—convicted of sabotage after an eight-month trial in Pretoria. Delegates at the United Nations Security Council meeting in New York protested against the sentences. Demonstrators lined the pavements outside the South African Embassy in London and British trade union and political leaders expressed anger and sym­ pathy. A statement from Mr. Albert Luthuli called on the west to impose sanctions on South Africa. - iV v v U '0 ,PLEA FOR CLEMENCY AT TRIAL

y S , From Our Correspondent—PRETORIA, J u n e 12 Neis35 Mandela and the other seven Attorney-General, who declared he men found Guilty yesterday of sabotage would “ unmask ” the author and show and plotting violent revolution were him to have come to court to spread today all sentenced to life imprisonment. propaganda. Judge-President Quartus de Wet said “ Where do you stand ? ” Mr. Paton that the crime on which they had been was asked in cross-examination. found Guilty was in essence one of high He replied: “ I am a believer in the treason. He added that the state had removal of any racial discrimination decided not to treat the crime in this whatsoever, also economic discrimina­ form. Allowing for this “ I have decided tion. I am in favour of a reconstructed not to impose the supreme penalty”. society (in South Africa), in favour of But that was the only leniency he could some measure of the redistribution of show. the land and wealth of this country and The judge said he had heard in mitiga­ the removal of the grosser inequalities.” tion the submission that the accused He declared he did not “ believe in were recognized political leaders and violent action as an expedient or as a had been motivated in their acts by a principle ”. He thought the African desire to alleviate the grievances of the people in this country felt they had only African people in this country. He was two choices—“ either to bow their heads by no means convinced that this was so. and submit or to resist by force ”. He PERSONAL AMBITION added: “ It is very painful to think that people think there are only these “ People who organize revolution usu­ two choices.” ally plan to take over the Government as Mr. Yutar asked Mr. Paton: “ Are well through personal ambition ”, he you a communist ? ” “ No ”, was the declared. It was the function of the reply. “ Are you a fellow-traveller ? ” court to enforce the laws of South I don’t quite know what a fellow- Africa. traveller is, but I am not.” . The accused showed no emotion on being sentenced. They were: Nelson STRUGGLE FOR RIGHTS Mandela, aged 46; Walter Sisulu, 52, Mr. Paton said he disapproved of former secretary-general of the banned the communists’ totalitarian methods. African National Congress; Dennis Mr. Harold Hansen, Q.C., told the Goldberg, 33, a, white man, a former Judge in his mitigation plea: “ These leader of the banned Congress of Demo­ accused represent the struggle of their crats; Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, people for equal rights. Their views 44; Elias Motsoaledi, 39; Andrew represent the struggle of the African Mlangeni, 38 (all A.N.C. officials); and people for the attainment of equal Ahmed Kathrada, an Indjan and former rights for all races in this country. leader of the Indian National Congress. They are men who have been moved P r e t o r i a , June 12.—Before the sen­ by the poverty of their people . . . tence was read several hundred police moved by the existence of barriers j surrounded the court building and which prevent their people attaining the patrolled Pretoria’s Church Square status of full human beings.” facing the court. The A.N.C. had turned to violence Whites outnumbered Africans in the and illega1 actions in the period 1952-61 crowds in Church Square. For hours when it was “ a sad fact ” that laws members of both races stood silently to were passed which deprived Africans of ■ K await the sentencing. At the end, a what rights they had until then enjoyed. group of African women suddenly un­ Their motivation was not to over­ furled canvas painted banners bearing throw the state and its institutions, to the words, “ You will not serve these j despoil anyone of their property and years as long as we live,” “ We are proud rights. Their motivation was to make of our leaders,” and “ A milestone of public their people’s grievances and to freedom has been reached ameliorate the conditions of non- Holding the banners in front of them Europeans. the women sang “ Nkosi Sikelele Afrika ” (God Bless Africa) until police LACK OF A FORUM with linked arms cleared the roadway in “ There was no forum through which front of the court and seized their grievances of the Africans could legiti- f banners. mately be expressed. The leaders 1 inevitably aspired to acts of sabotage to MEN OF SINCERITY draw attention to their plight. Mr. Alan Paton, author of Cry, th e “ My plea is not a plea for mercy, but Beloved Country, made an appeal in a plea for understanding, wisdom and court for clemency for the accused. compassion. . . . We in this country “ I came here because I was asked understand well the struggle for to come ”, he declared after taking the national liberation. We understand its oath. motivation. Political offences rarely Mr. Paton said that as the national take place when there is an avenue president of the Liberal Party he knew through which grievance^ can be stated Mandela, Sisulu and Mbeki well. He and remedies sought.” described Mandela as “ heir apparentM Defence lawyers said afterwards that to Mr. Albert Luthuli, the former A.N.C. an appeal was unlikely but steps leader. might be taken to lodge an appeal “ I have the highest regard for him— on behalf of Kathrada, who was con­ he holds a very high position in the victed on only one of the four counts. African community. His name among Life sentences in South Africa can Africans is as well known as Luthuli,” actually last a lifetime, but the State Mr. Paton said. He described Mandela, President reviews all cases after 21 years Sisulu and Mbeki as men of “ sincerity and can commute the sentence. Before and a very deep devotion to their that the prisons board can reduce sen­ people.” 4 tences. It is possible for prisoners to There was a clash between Mr. Paton be freed after 12 to 15 years.—Reuter. and Dr. Percy Yutar, the deputy Demonstrations throughout Britain, page 9

\ SENTENCE ON

F M A N D E L A konto and consulted from time to time c but kept in the background The Judge dismissed charges that Umkonto had conspired to commit guerrilla warfare and open the country to invasion by unnamed outside mili­ tary forces. He ruled that the state has not supported its allegations. EIGHT GUILTY IN Armed police guarded the corridors around the courtroom as the Judge handed down his written decision. More SABOTAGE CASE police guarded outside entrances.—New York Times News Service. Report of Trial, page 10. NINTH DEFENDANT M.P.S JOIN LONDON REARRESTED PROTEST MARCH About 60 M.P.s joined a march down Whitehall to South Africa House in London last night to protest against the Rivonia trial verdicts. They were headed STRONG GUARD ON by Mr. Fenner Brockway, the Labour member for Eton and Slough, Mr. PRETORIA COURT Humphry Berkeley, Conservative mem­ ber for Lancaster (the only Conservative From A Special Correspondent present) and Mr. Jeremy Thorpe, the PRETORIA, June 11 Liberal member for North Devon. Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu and When the M.P.s reached Trafalgar six other men were found Guilty in Square they were stopped by police South Africa’s sabotage trial today of inspectors who requested them to walk planning a “ violent revolution ” against past South Africa House in twos and the country’s racial policies. Mandela threes rather than in a procession; this and Sisulu are two of the most active they did. Their arrival at the square was nationalist leaders in South Africa. greeted by sustained applause and cheers A ninth defendant, Lionel Bernstein, from students and others standing on was acquitted, but he was arrested im­ the opposite side of the road with mediately after by the security police on posters protesting against the trial and new charges. against apartheid. The M.P.s delivered Eight defendants were found Guilty their message at the back door of South of recruiting persons for military train­ Africa House. ing inside South Africa and abroad for an admitted underground sabotage organization known as Umkonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation). They were said to have conspired “ wrongfully and unlawfully” to have recruits trained in the preparation, manufacture, and use of explosives for committing acts of “ violence and des­ truction ” against the Government of Dr. Verwoerd. In addition, the court found that the training covered conven­ tional warfare and guerrilla warfare. All those found Guilty are due to be sen­ tenced tomorrow. “ STRENGTH IS OURS n A crowd of nearly 150 Africans wait­ ing in the street outside the Supreme Court stirred at the news of the verdict with shouts of “ Amandla nga wethu ” (strength is ours). As blue-uniformed policemen moved up, those in the crowd thrust their arms into the air in the clenched fist and upright thumb sign of the African Nationalist Congress Party, South Africa’s oldest black political movement until it was banned by the Government for its opposition to apartheid. Mandela, a 45-year-old lawyer and tribal prince who is known as the j u Black Pimpernel ” for his former ability to elude capture by police, had been the party’s deputy national presi­ dent. Sisulu, aged 52, had been its i secretary-general. ; Mr. Justice Quartus de Wet, the pre- j aiding Judge, termed Mandela the j “ prime mover” in establishing the \ Spear of the Nation organization. \ SYMBOLS OF APARTHEID The sabotage organization was founded in 1961 with the approval of Congress Party leaders to attack targets deemed to be “ symbols of apartheid ” or held likely to damage South Africa’s economy. Those targets included Government African Affairs offices, electricity pylons, telephone lines and railway signal boxes. The Judge found that former Chief Albert Luthuli, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, had been aware of the organization’s operations. He ruled that Chief Luthuli, former national president of the Congress Party, was “ informed about the activities of Urn- ■ ■

life imprisonment for AFRICAN LEADERS

“IN ESSENCE THIS WAS CRIME OF HIGH TREASON”

PROTESTS IN BRITAIN AND AT U.N. RAN’D D a ily M a il

(WiseciiBn Bernstein cleared | It started here with a raid I SYMPATHY N Pretoria . • .. . . utaTT ' ' -- s"Z'S}- —and immediately PLANNED rea rrested OVERSEAS EIGHT of tho atoned e? »ke IMi) trial «n found guilty by ihc Judge fniHiM. Mr. M m Do Wot, thli morning. I

They defended

these four charges

T h e on ly filter-tipped Elaborate security measures c ig a re tte

T H E Airmail Edition of 1 The Star, printed on AIR EDITION Saturday, contains not only the latest news in that day’s daily edition, WEEKLY but a selection of news, views and features which have appeared in The Star (Registered at the General PRICE 10c ESTABLISHED* 1887 JOHANNESBURG, SATURDAY, JUNE 13, 1964 Post Office as a Newspaper) during the week. PLUS COST OF D ELIVERY LIFE SENTENCE FOR RIVONIA MEN Judge on duty of courts A LL EIGHT MEN in the Rivonia trial were sen- ^ tenced yesterday morning to life imprisonment by Mr. Justice de Wet. The judge said they had not been charged with high treason. And, bearing that in mind, he had decided not to impose the supreme penalty —which was due for a crime of this kind. off from the alley leading to the back of the court, where the con­ Ahmed Kathrada, who was found guilty of only victed men were removed from one of the four counts, will also be imprisoned for the building. No appeal has been noted, but life. The others were Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, (says Sapa) it is understood the Dennis Goldberg, Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, defence are considering asking for leave to appeal in certain Elias Motsoaledi and Andrew Mlangeni. cases. The judge pronounced sen­ minute, then the judge (Judgment on Page 2) Mrs. Hilda Bernstein (right) and her daughter Toni, tence at 12.10 p.m. in the adjourned the court and left the photographed outside the Palace of Justice in Pretoria. bench. The accused in a body Supreme Court, Pretoria, after turned to the public gallery and listening for nearly two hours waved their arms. There was no to arguments in mitigation. noisy outburst in the court. ON COMPASSIONATE GROUNDS Before passing sentence Mr. Outside the court a section of Justice de Wet said: “ I have the crowd broke into song when heard a great deal during the the sentences became known. case about the grievances of the Posters were unfolded. One non-Whites in this country and read: “You will not serve these that the accused, who are all sentences as long as we live.” Bernsteinfreed on leaders of their people, have Another poster, held upside tried to ameliorate their down, was obscured by the grievances. crowd. “ I am not convinced by this,” the judge said, indicating that j After a few minutes police linked arms and pressed the hail ofR2000 the men must take responsibility for planning a revolution. crowd off the streets in front of the Palace of Justice-and-en “ The function of this court, to Church Square. | IONEL BERNSTEIN was granted R2000 bail “ on compassionate as is the function of the courts in any country, is to enforce law Police with dogs herded people grounds” when he appeared in the Johannesburg Magistrate’s Court and order, and to enforce th e! - : —— -—-—■—*■■■•- . I today on two counts under the Suppression of Communism Act. country’s laws. Bernstein, who had an affec­ , son, to have attended a meeting. toria there were almost no “ The crime of which the I tionate reunion with his wife, The prosecutor, Mr. W. P. security arrangements taken this accused have been found guilty daughter and friends in the Theron, said that the State and morning. is essentially high treason. The Knighthood court room, will appear again I the defence had agreed on the Two or three Special Branch State has seen fit not to charge on June 26. conditions of Bernstein’s bail. them with high treason. detectives were in the court, but In the charge Bernstein is Bernstein was able to move for Thomas alleged to have participated in COMPASSIONATE GROUNDS around in the court freely and Dramatic end the activities of a banned orga­ He added: “ I wish to make it before the magistrate took the nization, and as a banned per- clear that in an ordinary case bench he sat on a table talking “ Bearing this in mind I have | we would not have considered to his wife Hilda. decided not to impose thej Williams J i bail, but Bernstein has been supreme penalty, which is due | awaiting trial for 11 months. On In the public gallery his for a crime of this kind. The Mr. Thomas Williams, Speaker compassionate grounds we are in daughter Toni, her husband and sentence is life imprisonment for of the House in Northern Rho­ favour of bail, which will be four other friends sat expect­ all the accused.” desia’s Legislative Council, who j j R2000 in cash.” antly. After bail had been Mr. Justice de Wet’s remarks ! received a knighthood in the j granted they left the gallery and took only a few minutes. It was Mr. Theron said that the State Queen’s birthday honours list was not attaching any other con­ hugged and kissed Bernstein in expected that the defence argu­ published yesterday, is a man j the well of the court. ment in mitigation would last ditions to Bernstein’s bail as he well known to many people in | was still under house arrest. Bernstein himself looked pale until lunch-time, but the end of Johannesburg. and drawn, and received the the seven month’s trial came Bernstein was not released im­ Before moving to Lusaka to court’s decision to grant him bail with dramatic suddenness. mediately because his attorney, impassively. Mr. H. Hanson, Q.C., who had take up the post of Director of Mr. Joel Joffe, had to arrange been arguing in mitigation, com­ European Education in 1950, Mr. to collect the money in cash. The bail money was raised pleted his remarks and sat down. Williams — then Professor I In contrast to the strict shortly after 10.30 a.m. The prosecutor, Dr. Yutar, did Williams — was principal of security precautions which sur­ • Bernstein met his wife and not say anything, and within a what is now the Johannesburg} rounded Bernstein and the other family in the court and they left few minutes the judge had made College of Education. j eight Rivonia trialists in Pre­ the building arm in arm. his final remarks and sentenced During Mr. Williams’s 14-year the men. term of office it was known as There was some silence for a the Teachers’ Training College. NEW MINE FOR Journalist’s expulsion WEST RAND from Press Gallery By the Mining Editor From the Political Correspondent newspapers should refrain from CAPE TOWN.—Following the referring to relatives or guests rp iE NEW KLOOF GOLD-MINE, foreshadowed expulsion from the Press Gallery of M.P.s who sit in the public by Consolidated Gold Fields in April, will of Mr. Anthony Delius, gallery galleries. correspondent of the “ Cape “There is no objection, how­ be established on the Far West Rand next to Times,” from Parliament “for ever, to references to important life,” the secretary of the political personalities who may Libanon. of Kloof Gold Mining Company’s Assembly has issued a statement be present at a debate,” says the The capital of the new mining capital. on the Speaker’s ruling regard­ statement. company will be R17,500,000, Consolidated Gold Fields has announced at the same time that ing reports about spectators in Such people included former says Gold Fields in announcing the galleries of Parliament. | the new mine it will raise R11,000,000 by a politicians “like Mr. Hans Abra­ rights issue to ordinary share­ Mr. Delius was expelled be­ ham or reference to the fact that, The Minister of Mines, Dr. holders. cause he referred to Dr. J. D. say, the British Ambassador fol­ : Diederichs, has granted a mining A substantial part of this is Vorster, actuary of the Ned. lowed a particular debate.” lease and mineral rights over an likely to go into the new mine. Geref. Kerk and brother of the The statement said that mem­ area of about 5,116 morgen, Mining experts have high Minister of Justice, who attended bers of the Press gallery were in covering 7,367 claims. hopes for its yield. the debate on the Justice Vote. Parliament primarily to report Portions of the area have The Speaker has ruled that what went on in the actual j been contributed by West Wit- EXCELLENT chamber of the House. the contents of Mr. Delius’s con­ watersrand Areas and other com- The borehole results have been troversial column may not be The statement adds: “Pressmen I panies in the Gold Fields group encouraging. The drilling is re­ repeated. may, however, record any inci­ I and by Johannesburg Consoli­ ported as the best on the Ven- In a statement to the Parlia­ dent that might occur in the dated Investment. tersdorp Contact Reef so far. mentary Press Gallery Associa­ public galleries, say if some MAJOR SHARE A spokesman for Gold Fields tion today, the secretary to the woman chained' herself to a Mrs. Toni Strasburg. Bern- of SoutI: Africa said a more de­ Assembly, Mr. R. J. McFarlane, bench, or clapped, or shouted, or stein's daughter, kisses her It is presumed that these com­ tailed statement will be issued said the Speaker had ruled that waved a banner.” father after his release. panies will have the major share to shareholders shortly. THE TIMES FRIDAY JUNE 12 1964 Judge on Possibility of Evidence Concocted after Detention Seven of the defendants in the to that view.” The only difference, there­ Rivonia sabotage trial were found fore, between counts one and two was that EIGHT FOUND GUILTY IN SOUTH AFRICA in count one it was alleged that the accused Guilty at Pretoria today on aU as leaders and/cr as members of Umkonto four counts listed in the indict­ and allied organizations were responsible ment. They are Nelson Mandela, SABOTAGE TRIAL for acts committed by their agents or Walter Sisulu, Dennis Goldberg, servants. As far as count two was concerned, this Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, Elias From Our Correspondent—PRETORIA, Ju ne II alleged only that the accused were liable Motsoaledi, and Andrew Mlangeni. for further similar acts which were con­ Ahmed Muhammad Kathrada was say so. He was, and presumably still is, ization. Two further documents stencil­ symbols of apartheid”, which included templated but had not yet been performed found Guilty on count two (being regarded as one of its leaders. In my led by Kathrada appeared to stand on the buildings belonging to the Government, to on the basis of conspiracy. party to conspiracy with the other j opinion he cannot escape conviction on same footing. The question to be con­ the Bantu Affairs Department and com- Mrs. Winnie Mandela, her son and her count one.” sidered in the case of Kathrada was municaaons including electric, telephone mother were escorted into the packed accused) only, and Lionel Bernstein Dealing with part of the evidence, the whether he had been proved to have been and railway signal installations. courtroom to hear the judgment. Mrs. was found Not Guilty on all charges, j Judge said that Mandela was at great pains an accomplice of the other accused. It was also clear from his evidence con­ Sisulu in tribal dress was escorted by a The judge, Mr. Justice Quartus de Wet, I to deny that he was a communist, but it There were additional factors to sidered m relation to lie statement of senior police officer into the courtroom. was interesting to compare what he wrote Kathrada’s conduct in relation to the Mandela and in relation to documentary said that in his opinion the guilt of in his report on the Pafmecsa (Pan African evidence that the latter was the prime Police were out in strength on Church Bernstein had not been established. pamphlet. In actively supporting the pro- Square near the Palace of Justice this morn­ Freedom Moot of East, Central and Mandela campaign, Kathrada must have mover in forming the organization. He had ing, some of them with police dogs, but Bernstein was immediately rearrested ! Southern Africa) conference, namely: “ It had in mind that the arrest of Mandela been deputy leader of A.N.C. before it was they were unobtrusive and tactful and by police when the court rose on a war­ is clear that in this area there are great might have a deleterious effect upon the banned in 1960 but had continued his acti­ there were no unpleasant incidents. Before rant stated to be in connexion with j reservations about our policy and there is a campaign for which he was working and vities. the crowds dispersed after the brief court widespread feeling that the A.N.C. is a com­ also on the activities of Umkonto, and the * It appears to me from evidence and alleged offences under the Suppression ! documents that the leader of the A.N.C., hearing rallying cries were shouted by of Communism Act. munist-dominated organization.” “ I may object would be to enable Mandela to be Africans and tfie African anthem Nkosi add that I share this feeling after hearing freed and continue the work he was doing Luthuli iformer Chief Albert Luthuli], was Sikelel i Afrika was sung. Long before the Judge took his seat all the evidence in the present case”, the prior to his arrest. informed about the activities of Umkonto on the Bench, the court galleries and all I Judge said. and was consulted from time to time but corridors were crowded with observers In regard to Walter Sisulu, it was con­ DAILY CONTACT kept in the background.” JOURNALIST BARRED and spectators, while others, including j ceded on his own evidence that he was i In addition during the period from May Dealing with documents emanating from Guilty on counts two, three and four. He 24 until the date of his arrest Kathrada the Communist Party, the Judge said that many Africans, gathered outside the was at all material times a member of the these appeared to be of little relevance. It FROM GALLERY Palace of Justices. was in almost daily contact with Goldreich, national executive of A.N,C., he was con­ Sisulu, Goldberg, and Mbeki who were did appear to him from evidence that many FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT The proceedings lasted only a few ! sulted on and approved the decision to if not the majority of the members of the minutes. As the nine men stood with ex- i allow members of A.N.C. to set up Um­ actively associated with the affairs of A.N.C. and of Umkonto did also belong to CAPE TOWN, Jun e 11 pressdonless faces in the dock, the Judge Umkonto. Mr. Anthony Delius, the Cape Times konto, he agreed with the decision of the * I am satisfied that the state has proved the Communist Party. said he had recorded his reasons for the executive to allow its secretariat and Sisulu conceded that A.N.C. cooperated parliamentary commentator, was sus­ conclusions he had come to and would not that Kathrada was a party to the con­ external missions to cooperate with spiracy alleged in count two. and I find with the Communist Party because their pended indefinitely from the press gallery read them out. He then announced the Umkonto in transporting recruits, he was | him Guilty on this count. I am not aims were similar, but A.N.C. Was not pre­ today. The suspension was ordered by Mr. verdict, and said that he did not propose a member of the national secretariat of satisfied in regard to his guilt on the other pared to go as flar as the Communist Klopper, Speaker of the House of to deal with the sentences today. “ The A.N.C. which attended to Umkonto three counts, and he will be found Not Fartv and was not prepared to approve Assembly, after Mr. Delius in “ Notes in state and defence will be given the oppor­ external correspondence. He was not Guilty on these three counts.” converting South Africa into a communist the House ” today repeatedly mentioned the tunity to make any submissions they wish j on the High Command, but was kept Finally turning to Lionel Bernstein, the state. presence in the distinguished strangers’ tomorrow.” informed of its decisions and on occasions Judge said that Bernstein admitted that he Ini regard to general evidence given in gallery during the discussion on the justice JOHANNESBURG HEARING attended its meetings, and participated in j was listed as a communist, Marxist, and the case, the Judge said that the material vote of the Rev. J. D. Vorster, elder brother its deliberations. pacifist. He was a foundation member of witnesses were all accomplices, and it was of the Minister of Justice. Mr. J. D. Mandela, the last except for Bernstein to This took place when there were discus­ the Congress of Democrats until it was well established that such evidence must Vorster is a leading member of the anti­ leave the dock, smiled and waved a hand sions of a political nature; for instance, the banned in 1954. He advocated socialism as be regarded with great caution, especially communism committee formed after the to one of the attorneys. Mrs. Bernstein with policy of guerrilla warfare. long-term policy. There were circum­ evidence implicating an accused. In addi­ recent anti-communism conference at her daughter ran from the public gallery to The Judge said that it seemed to him stances when a non-violent policy was tion all material witnesses were detained Pretoria. meet her husband. She touched his arm and | unimportant whether Sisulu was a member wrong. From 1960 many people advocated for questioning under provisions of sec­ The Speaker recently reproved Mr. tjicn cried out as plain-clothes policemen of the High Command or not. It had been violence to which the leaders responded tion 17 of Act 37 of 1963 and kept in soli­ Delius for a pointed reference in his notes led him away. She was later allowed to go stated that the executive committee allowed slowly. Bernstein held the Government tary confinement until they were prepared to the presence of Mrs. Joyce Waring, wife below, accompanied by an attorney. A its members to form Umkonto. “ In actual responsible for this because it would not to make a statement. of the Minister of Information. This he police spokesman said that the offences fact it seems to me that a better expression listen to people’s demands. He wrote about apparently intended to be an instruction. alleged against Bernstein were committed in is that the executive sponsored Umkonto.” this in a pamphlet. FEAR OF REPRISALS Mr. Delius apparently understood the Johannesburg and Bernstein would appear It was clear that the A.N.C. executive * That pamphlet is a criticism # of “ The possibility must be bourne in mind matter to have been cleared up, but his before the Johannesburg magistrate to­ still retained the political guidance of Government policy that cannot, I think, that suggestions made by questioners were references to the Rev. J. D. Vorster was morrow. Umkonto and authorized its members with be interpreted as implicating himself in accepted and that evidence was concocted taken by the Speaker as flouting the The Judge said that Mandela had its approval to embark upon a policy of admitted being one of the founders of any unlawful violence ”, he said. to satisfy the questioners.” authority of the House. sabotage and also authorized its secretariat Bernstein was never a member either of Another fact the Judge had to bear in Umkonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation) to assist Umkonto. and deputy president of the African Umkonto or the National High Command. mind was that mlost of the witnesses National Congress and as such a member The Judge examined the connexion of appeared to fear reprisals. There was evi­ SUBVERSION TRAINING IDLE CONTENTION Bernstein with the Rivonia property which dence, both written and verbal, that of the executive committee. He had also “ In these circumstances it seems to me AN OFFENCE admitted that he toured Africa during the he was invited to inspect in a professional traitors ” should be suitably dealt with. to be idle to contend that Umkonto and its capacity as an architect. Practically all the acts of sabotage alleged FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT first half oL 1962 and underwent military members were not agents or servants of training, made arrangements for Umkonto It was possible that he gave to conspira­ in the indictment were proved to have been CAPE TOWN, Ju n e 11 recruits to receive military training, and the national executive.” Sisulu must be tors literature and notes about the Soviet- committed. Evidence was given that the The General Law Amendment Bill solicited and received financial help for convicted on all four counts. Chinese differences and Indian-Cbinese instructions were that care should be exer­ introduced by Mr. Vorster, Minister of Umkonto. Dennis Goldberg was conceded by his differences so that the conspirators could cised that no person was injured or killed. Justice, makes it an offence to undergo Mandela, the Judge said, had further counsel to be Guilty o.n counts two and decide on their policy should they succeed It was argued that a number of acts de­ training for subversive activities within admitted that at his request the national three. The Judge f ound after examination in overthrowing the Government and taking posed to by witnesses fell outside this South Africa as well as outside the country executive authorized its secretariat and of the evidence that Goldberg must be its place. But even if that inference was instruction and that the leaders of the as hitherto. It also makes complicity in external missions to assist Umkonto in convicted on count one. In regard to drawn, that did not make him a co-con­ organization could not be held responsible such training an offence. The Bill extends transporting recruits for military training count four it seemed that when Goldberg spirator in relation to the charges in the for those acts. the provision whereby persons convicted of associated himself with the Umkonto indictment. —.“f or the purpose of my decision I accept and that on his return from his trip he organization he associated himself with subversion may be detained after the expiry reported to his colleagues in A.N.C. and GUILT NOT ESTABLISHED this contention, although I have some of sentences. The provision that persons Umkonto on the results. all the objects known to him. He must doubt whether the leaders should not have may be detained without bail for 12 days have known that money was collected and The guilt of Bernstein had not been estab­ contemplated that saboteurs employed is continued for a year. The provision “ GUERRILLA WARFARE” used for subversive purposes. The Judge lished and he Was found Not Guilty on all would probably get out of hand.” The whereby recalcitrant witnesses refusing to It was conceded by his counsel on the found him Guilty on all four counts. charges. Judge said that the paragraphs in count testify may be imprisoned for successive admissions that Mandela was Guilty on It was conceded that Mbeki was Guilty In a preliminary review of certain two which alleged that the accused con­ periods of eight days is varied by giving counts two. three, and four. Count two on all four counts and in the light of his aspects of the case, the Judge said that it spired, committed or procured the com power to courts to order imprisonment up alleged that the accused, together with admissions and state evidence he was was conceded that the Umkonto organiza mission of acts of guerrilla warfare, acts to 12 months if, after a summary inquiry named persons and other unknown persons clearly Guilty on all four counts. tion directed sabotage operations during the of assistance to military units of foreign into the reasons for the refusal, the court conspired with each other to aid or pro­ Elias Motsoaledi was Guilty also on all period covered by the charges. It was also countries and acts of participation in finds that there is no just reason for such cure wrongful acts concerning the recruit­ four counts. It had been conceded by a common cause that the organization was violent revolution fell away. Sisulu, Gold­ a refusal. ment of persons for training in the prepara­ counsel that he was Guilty on counts one, composed of the High Command situated berg and Mbeki in evidence stated that Courts are given discretion in deciding tion and use of explosives for the purpose two and three. In regard to count four, in Johannesburg and four regional com­ Operation Mayibuye (the document setting whether receivers of stolen goods should of committing acts of violence in the the Judge said, it seemed that in associat­ mands in four provinces out a plan for guerrilla warfare) was under be given corporal punishment—-hitherto republic, conspiracy to commit acts of ing himself with Umkonto, he associated According to the evidence of Mbeki, consideration but never adopted. compulsory. guerrilla warfare in the republic, acts of himself with all its activities which were which in this respect appeared to be true, Mr. Vorster said in the House that he assistance to military units of foreign known to him. “ I find it impossible to it was decided at a meeting of the executive AFRICAN ANTHEM SUNG was concerned about the provision of com­ countries when invading the republic, and believe he did not know that money was or central committee of A.N.C. in June “ I indicated during the course of the pulsory corporal punishment for some acts of participation in violent revolution being collected and used in connexion with 1961. to “ allow” its members to form argument that in my opinion it had not offences and instituted an inquiry which in the republic. It also alleged that these the activities of this organization.” a body to engineer and direct acts of been proved that the plan had progressed might lead to the amendment of such acts would have injured, damaged, It was admitted that Andrew Mlangeni sabotage against targets described as beyond the preparation stage, and I adhere provisions. destroyed, obstructed, tampered with or was Guilty on counts two and three. But endangered the health or safety of the I do not think this goes far enough, the public. Judge said. He went on to co n sid e r the Count three charged the accused and evidence of witnesses who implicated co-conspirators in me execution of the Mlangeni in activities of Umkonto. common purpose of committing acts the accept the evidence of the state witnesses same as those set out in count one, which and am satisfied that the accused was impli­ cover the recruitment of persons for train­ cated in the transport of trainees and in ing in preparation for the use of explosives, sabotage activities.” He was found Guilty in the art of warfare including guerrilla on all four counts. warfare, and military training generally for Raymond Mhlaba denied complicity in causing violent revolution in the republic. the affairs of Umkonto. There was evi­ Count four alleges that the accused, in dence that he was regarded as one of the the execution of the common purpose, leading members of A.N.C. in Port Eliza­ personally and through their agents beth, where he lived. The judge examined solicited, accepted and received money the evidence and then gave a summary of I from various persons or bodies within and Mhilabas’ own evidence, a great deal outside the republic and gave money to of which was taken up with criticism of various persons for the purpose of enabling Government policy and explanation of the or assisting sabotage in support of a cam alleged hardships of non European people. paign against some of the laws of South Concluding, the judge said: “ I regard the Africa or in support of a campaign for accused as an unreliable witness.” repeal or modification of such laws or variation of the application of such laws PROPAGANDA WORK It was contended that Mandela was Not He was satisfied that he was implicated Guilty on count one because he was in in acts of sabotage and in other activities prison from August 5, 1962, and it was of Umkonto. He was Guilty on all four not proved that any act of sabotage had counts. been committed between this date and the The Judge dealt more fully with evi­ first date in the charge—namely, June 22 dence given by Kathrada than with that of and therefore he could not be held liable the other accused. It was clear, he said, for acts of sabotage committed by agents that Kathrada was an active supporter of or servants. the so-called Liberation Movement. It was also clear that propaganda was con­ COMMUNISM DENIED sidered to be an important ancillary to the Count one alleges sabotage by all of activities of Umkonto which consisted the accused in that they personally, and mainly of perpetration of acts of sabotage. | by virtue of their being members of an A.N.C. leaders who were not members of association of persons, committed acts Umkonto were clearly encouraging the similar to those mentioned in counts two latter by means of propaganda. and three except that certain acts are He could not believe that Kathrada was particularized in annexures. not aware of and did not contemplate the The Judge said that Mandela was one effect which the pamphlet he typed would of the leaders of Umkonto. “ In my opinion have upon its readers. This document he at no time disassociated himself from included encouragement of Umkonto and LC acts of Umkonto, and in fact does not incitement of readers to sqpport the organ­ I SHCIAI CUARANCI toil nlmion ton £unmffwmt# | U HusNnima •»•»» s. 1 J l i (MU* ~ " (M M Zm. m =iSt EiiUliit Uent >» % fs moment of decision at Ullieleaf Farm.. ■ tten ■. ■ "On afaan toe!" (Ufa get trading!) RIVONIA: THE INSIDE STORY Rivonia: The inside story ( rutar tell all

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■ H i Registered at the G.P.O. PRICE 5c * as a newspaper. ★ JOHANNESBURG, JUNE 14, 1964. FLOWN

EXPRESS REPORTER T H E seven non-White accused who were sentenced to life imprisonment ■ in the Rivonia sabotage trial were secretly flown to Cape Town yes­ terday. sent to Robben Island, since changed for security reasons at From there they were taken there is no accommodation there the last moment, and they were for White prisoners. flown to Cape Town some time immediately to Robben Island I understand from other before lunch yesterday. to start serving their sentences. sources that plans were origi­ The eight men found guilty A senior prisons officer told nally made to fly the Rivonia are: me in Pretoria yesterday after­ men by military aircraft from Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisu- noon: “All I can say is that they Pretoria on Friday afternoon, lu, Dennis Goldberg, Ahmed are there already." within hours of the end of the Kathrada, Govan Mbeki, Ray­ Dennis Goldberg, the only trial. mond Mhlaba, Andrew Mlangeni White man sentenced, was not However* the plans were and Elias Motsoaledi. DEFENCE (CONSIDERING APPEAL) IS SHOCKED By ANN CAVILL I not to appeal against the life police officials and told them sentences imposed by Mr. Justice we would need to have further rpH E sudden decision to Quartus de Wet in the Pretoria consultations with the prison­ •*- send the Rivonia men to Supreme Court on Friday. ers before deciding about an Robben Island came as a sur­ “This has come as a complete appeal. shock,” a spokesman for the de* “"We understood that the men prise to the five-man defence | fence Team said. “We knew woujd remain in Pretoria until team. nothing about the men being the . matter of appeal was VThe defence tis spending the moved. settled.” weekend considering whether or “On Friday we spoke to The defence has 14 days in which to lodge an appeal. A final decision was to have been made this week after discussions with the eight prisoners. “Inconvenient” ■' “Now, I suppose we’ll have to go to Cape Town to see the men,” the spokesman added, : Mr. Lionel Bernstein, who was acquitted in the Rivonia trial on , ‘fit |*r certainly' very incon­ \ Thursday, relaxes at home in Johannesburg with three of his 1 venient from our point of s children — Keith (7), Frances (12) and Toni (21) — after being | view.” | allowed out of jail on R2,000 bail yesterday. Mr. Bernstein will | Dennis Goldberg was visited : appear in court again on June 26 charged with breaking his 1 by his mother, Mrs. Annie Gold­ : banning order, furthering the aims of an unlawful organisation | berg, in Pretoria Prison yester­ j and being a member of the Communist Party. (See Page 2). | day morning. When Mr. Ismail Kathrada went to the jail yesterday morning to see his brother, he was refused admission. The prison authorities asked MAX WILSON MEN him to leave a telephone number. They said they would contact him 1 * § I within the next two weeks and U liills v tell him when he could see his IN II.K. LOSE JOBS brother. Police on Thursday arranged Express Correspondent company. They backed Mr. for Mrs. Mandela and her Wijteon’s cheap travel plan mother-in-law to see Nelson LONDON, Saturday. with their shareholders9 Mandela in prison. They were A BIG proportion of Max money. Instead of bringing each allowed a 30-minute visit. Wilson’s travel savings down an iron curtain, they They also arranged for rela­ staff in Britain have been told should be giving shareholders tives of the seven other prisoners a full progress report on how to have special visits on the same to find new jobs by September. their venture is going.” day. I understand that the figure MRS. ANNIE GOLDBERG . . . saw her son Dennis for the last Overseas comment, Page 7. could be as high as 100. These time. Rivonia trial pictures—Page 9. are mostly salesman employed in direct selling to the public. wifTof A considerable number of part- time salesmen and sub-agents will also be affected. MOTHER TO LEASome of the clerical S.A. staff' are Rivonia likely to be absorbed by Union Express Reporter burg. added. “The court was so Castle. TX7IJITE-H AIRED Mrs. “I wanted to be near Dennis,” crowded with policemen and This is a parallel to the story she explained. “It has been a Security Branch officers, I just which appeared in last week's Q.C. killed * * Annie Goldberg saw her slipped into the public gallery.” terrible strain, and I feel as if I Sunday Express which told of EXPRESS Reporter son, Dennis, in Pretoria prison have lived through a nightmare. Immediately after her son was redundancies at the South African yesterday—“to say goodbye.” I used to have terrible dreams, sentenced to life imprisonment end. RS. MOLLY FISCHER, wife He has been sentenced to life and couldrft sleep at night for on Friday, Mrs. Goldberg left This week an iron curtain clam­ M of Mr. Abraham Fischer, imprisonment. imagining what would happen to with friends to collect her pass­ ped down on all aspects of the Q.C., the leader of the defence Mrs. Goldberg leaves South my son.” port. Max Wilson affair. Two weeks ago te£m in the Rivonia trial, was Africa later this month on a one­ For four months 65-year-old Mrs^ Esme Goldberg — Gold­ he resigned as managing director killed in a car accident just out­ way exit permit for England. Mrs. Goldberg sat in the public berg’s wife — left South Africa of Travel Savings and became side Bloemfontein yesterday. "I don’t suppose I shall see gallery of the Pretoria Supreme last November with their two simply a director—and the three The car, a Mercedes, went into Dennis again,” she said sadly. Court—-without hearing a word children. main shipping companies involved, a river, according to reports “I applied for a re-entry per­ of evidence. Union Castle, Royal Mail and reaching Johannesburg, and Mrs. mit, but was refused. My only After the defence had Canadian Pacific, have refused to Fischer was drowned. alternative was to take an exit pointed out to the judge that, comment other than in joint Mr. Fischer is believed to be permit. My daughter-in-law is because of her age, Mrs. Gold­ statements. uninjured. 111 in London and she needs me berg was unable to see or hear 4 DU in It has led to uneasy specu­ Mr. and Mrs. Fischer were on to hfelp her look after the chil­ anything, an order was made lation and strong comment. In their way to Cape Town to dren.” for a special seat to be placed an article on its financial attend the 21st birthday of their When her son was arrested in In the well of the court. CRASH- page, the “Daily Express” daughter, Elsa. the Rivonia raid last year. Mrs. “But I was too frightened to said: “Shipping stars in Mrs. Fischer, was a listed Goldberg sold her home in Cape ask for my seat on Thursday SEE PAGE 13 Travel Savings should say Communist under the name a t Town and moved to Johannes­ and Friday,” Mrs. Goldberg just what has happened in the Susanna Johanna Fischer.

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Collection Number: A3393

Collection Name: Bob Hepple Papers

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