DOCSLIB.ORG

Biosynthesis of Mannose-Containing Cell Wall Components Important in Mycobacterium

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biosynthesis of Mannose-Containing Cell Wall Components Important in Mycobacterium Biosynthesis of mannose-containing cell wall components important in Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the The Ohio State University By Tracy Lynn Keiser Graduate Program in Microbiolgy The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Larry S. Schlesinger, MD, Advisor Dr. Samantha King, PhD Dr. Robert Munson, PhD Dr. Stephanie Seveau, PhD Copyright by Tracy Lynn Keiser 2014 2 Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide scourge. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is one of the oldest and most successful pathogens in human history. It has developed a plethora of ways to subvert the host immune response and make a home out of what should be its undoing, its host cell niche, the macrophage phagosome. Mycobacterium species are compositionally unique organisms belonging to the phyla, Actinomycetes, which also includes Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, Nocardia and Streptomyces. Their cell envelope includes structural components of both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria in addition to molecules exclusive to mycobacterium, like mycolic acids. This unique cell envelope configuration provides M.tb with a physical barrier to environmental insults and is responsible for the variable retention of the Gram stain. M.tb coats itself with mannosylated molecules such as the abundant mannosylated lipoglycans which have mannosyl motifs that resemble those of mammalian glycoproteins. This molecular mimicry enables M.tb to take advantage of alveolar macrophages that have up-regulated surface receptors like the C-type lectin mannose receptor to gain entry into the cell and enhance its survival. ii Synthesis of the mannosylated lipoglycans involves several enzymes and pathways, and thus is difficult to study as a whole. The emphasis of this thesis will be on synthesis of the mannose donor molecules for these lipoglycans. The terminal mannose caps as well as the mannan structures in the core of these molecules are synthesized through a variety of specific mannosyltransferases that use the donors GDP-mannose and polyprenyl phosphate mannose (PPM) that are products of the mannose donor biosynthesis pathway. The putative genes of this pathway in M.tb are orthologs with 100% sequence identity to those in the attenuated vaccine strain M. bovis BCG and include manA (an isomerase), manB (a phosphomannomutase), manC (a GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase), and ppm1 (polyprenyl-phosphate mannose synthase). Additionally, there are several other neighboring genes, like whiB2 (Fe-S clustering molecule and transcriptional regulator), Rv3256c, Rv3258c (hypothetical proteins), and Rv3253c (a postulated membrane flipase) whose functions are unknown, but are potentially contributing members of the mannose donor biosynthesis pathway. In this thesis we examined expression and some functional characterization of genes involved in the putative mannose donor biosynthetic pathway. Our results for the transcriptional profile in broth show that there are differences in expression of certain genes between M.tb and BCG under the same growth conditions despite their identical sequences. The expression profile of M.tb and BCG mannose donor biosynthesis genes in human macrophages is of particular importance not only because macrophages are the natural host cell niche for M.tb but also because the expression profiles are highly reproducible among different donors. It is of particular interest that the genes Rv3256c, iii Rv3258c and ppm1 were highly expressed in M.tb 2 hours post-infection of macrophages and then gradually decreased. Due to this up regulation at early time points post infection, characterization of the genes Rv3256c, Rv3258c and ppm1was of great interest and a focus of this work. Ppm1over-expressiom in M. smegmatis or M. tuberculosis provided no phenotype while over-expression of Rv3258c was unstable in the surrogate organism, M. smegmatis, and also showed no phenotype in M.tb. On the other hand, over-expression of Rv3256c reduced rather than increased cell wall mannosylated lipoglycans compared to the vector control. Despite the decrease in these molecules, over-expression of Rv3256c showed an increase in association with and survival in human macrophages. Thus, although the function still remains a mystery, evidence is provided for the role of Rv3256c in virulence. TB has become romanticized in our culture claiming the lives of some of our most beloved characters. Although we understand that the disease is caused solely by this unicellular organism, the interaction between host and microbe is incredibly complex. A more complete understanding of the entry and acclimation of M.tb into host cell macrophages could possibly allow us to develop new ways to prevent infection, limit dissemination following primary infection and possibly help enhance immune protection. iv Dedication Without the love and unwavering support of my family, none of this would have been possible. First and foremost to my father for being my number 1 fan and sparking my infatuation with science. My sisters Angie and Kimberly Keiser for showing me that when you want something enough in life, you will find a way to do it. And to the rest of my huge, fun and kind family whose names would go for pages but are certainly not forgotten. Science opened many new doors for me both professionally and socially. Their everyday support in a career fraught with disappointment was made bearable. Too many to name, but a few worth a special mention start with Anice, Ben and Oliver Daigle for always being my Columbus home. To Mels Lodder and Neinke Willigenburg for their genuine kindness. Last but not least, my best friends Ran Furman and Geoffrey Gonzalez. The three of us started as classmates, quickly became friends and are now considered my family. Cheers! v Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor Larry Schlesinger for providing me with the opportunity pursue my degree in his lab, for his patience when I wasn’t and for the smile on his face…….. most of time anyway! Thanks to the entire Schlesinger lab with special mention to Abul Azad for the introduction to genetics. To Evelina Guirado for her support and input. To Murugesan Rajaram for always giving me a fresh perspective and to all the ladies I spent the majority of the time with, huddled in a lab bay: Tracy Carlson, Michelle Brooks, Bin Ni and Eusondia Arnett. I would also like to acknowledge our collaborator, Jordi Torrelles and Jesus Arcos for guiding me through the biochemistry. vi Vita May, 1994……………………………...Versailles High School 2005……………………………………B.S. Microbiology, The Ohio State University 2007 to present………………………....Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Publications 1. Yang L, Sinha T, Carlson TC, Keiser TL, Torrelles JB. and Schlesinger LS. Changes in the major cell envelope components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during in vitro growth. Glycobiology, April 2013. 2. Cummings HE, Barbi J, Reville P., Oghumu S., Zorko N, Sarkar A, Keiser TL, Lu B, Rückle T, Varikuti S., Lezama-Davila C., Wewers MD, Whitacre C, Radzioch D., Rommel C, Seveau S, and Satoskar AR. Critical role for phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma in parasite invasion and disease progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis. PNAS, Jauary 2012. 3. Keiser TL, Azad AK, Guirado E and Schlesinger LS. A comparative transcriptional study of the putative mannose donor biosynthesis genes in the virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains. Infection and Immunity, November, 2011. 4. Martin J, Duncan FJ, Keiser TL, Shin S, Kusewitt DF, Oberyszyn T, Satoskar AR, Vanbuskirk AM. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a critical role in pathogenesis of ultraviolet-B (UVB) -induced nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). FASEB. 2008 Oct 24. vii 5. Rosas LE, Barbi J, Snider H, , Satoskar AA, Keiser TL, Papenfuss T, Durbin J, Radzioch D, Glimcher LH, Satoskar AR. Cutting Edge: STAT1 and T-bet play opposite roles in determining outcome of visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani. Journal of Immunology, 2006; Jul 1:177(1):22-5. 6. Rosas LE, Satoskar AA, Roth K, Keiser TL, Barbi J, Hunter CA, de Sauvage F, Satoskar AR. Interleukin-27R (WSX-1/T-cell receptor) gene deficient mice display enhanced resistance to Leishmania donovani infection but develop severe liver immunopathology. American Journal of Pathology. 2006; Jan:168(1):158-69. 7. Rosas LE, Keiser TL, Barbi J, Satoskar AA, Septer A, Kaczmarek J, Lezama-Davilla CM, Satoskar AR. Genetic background influences immune responses and disease outcome of cutaneous L. mexicana infection in mice. International Journal of Immunology. 2005; 17:1347. 8. Rosas LE, Keiser T, Pyles R, Durbin J, Satoskar AR. Development of protective immunity against cutaneous leishmaniasis is dependent on STAT1-mediated IFN signaling pathway. European Journal of Immunology. 2003: 33:701. Fields of Study Major Field: Microbiology viii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ ii Dedication ........................................................................................................................................ v Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... vi Vita................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria
    Edited by Shymaa Enany Basic Biology and Applications of ActinobacteriaBasic of Biology and Applications Actinobacteria have an extensive bioactive secondary metabolism and produce a huge Basic Biology and amount of naturally derived antibiotics, as well as many anticancer, anthelmintic, and antifungal compounds. These bacteria are of major importance for biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture. In this book, we present the experience of worldwide Applications of Actinobacteria specialists in the field of Actinobacteria, exploring their current knowledge and future prospects. Edited by Shymaa Enany ISBN 978-1-78984-614-0 Published in London, UK © 2018 IntechOpen © PhonlamaiPhoto / iStock BASIC BIOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF ACTINOBACTERIA Edited by Shymaa Enany BASIC BIOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF ACTINOBACTERIA Edited by Shymaa Enany Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72033 Edited by Shymaa Enany Contributors Thet Tun Aung, Roger Beuerman, Oleg Reva, Karen Van Niekerk, Rian Pierneef, Ilya Korostetskiy, Alexander Ilin, Gulshara Akhmetova, Sandeep Chaudhari, Athumani Msalale Lupindu, Erasto Mbugi, Abubakar Hoza, Jahash Nzalawahe, Adriana Ribeiro Carneiro Folador, Artur Silva, Vasco Azevedo, Carlos Leonardo De Aragão Araújo, Patricia Nascimento Da Silva, Jorianne Thyeska Castro Alves, Larissa Maranhão Dias, Joana Montezano Marques, Alyne Cristina Lima, Mohamed Harir © The Editor(s) and the Author(s) 2018 The rights of the editor(s) and the author(s) have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights to the book as a whole are reserved by INTECHOPEN LIMITED. The book as a whole (compilation) cannot be reproduced, distributed or used for commercial or non-commercial purposes without INTECHOPEN LIMITED’s written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Miliary Tuberculosis Presenting with Whitlow of the Thumb
    A Case of Miliary Tuberculosis Presenting with Whitlow of the Thumb Romaric Larcher, Albert Sotto, Jean-Marc Mauboussin, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, François-Xavier Blanc, Didier Laureillard To cite this version: Romaric Larcher, Albert Sotto, Jean-Marc Mauboussin, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, François-Xavier Blanc, et al.. A Case of Miliary Tuberculosis Presenting with Whitlow of the Thumb. Acta Dermato- Venereologica, Society for Publication of Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 2016, 96 (4), pp.560 - 561. 10.2340/00015555-2285. hal-01909474 HAL Id: hal-01909474 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01909474 Submitted on 25 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial| 4.0 International License Acta Derm Venereol 2016; 96: 560–561 SHORT COMMUNICATION A Case of Miliary Tuberculosis Presenting with Whitlow of the Thumb Romaric Larcher1, Albert Sotto1*, Jean-Marc Mauboussin1, Jean-Philippe Lavigne2, François-Xavier Blanc3 and Didier Laureillard1 1Infectious Disease Department, 2Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Caremeau, Place du Professeur Robert Debré, FR-0029 Nîmes Cedex 09, and 3L’Institut du Thorax, Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital, Nantes, France. *E-mail: [email protected] Accepted Nov 10, 2015; Epub ahead of print Nov 11, 2015 Tuberculosis remains a major public health concern, accounting for millions of cases and deaths worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycobacteriology Lab Tests
    APPENDIX H Mycobacteriology Lab Tests Quick Reference Sheets October 2004 • 7H11 Agar Plate • Acid-Fast Stain • Genotyping • Gen-Probe • HPLC • LJ Slants • MGIT • MTD • PCR • RFLP • Susceptibilities 7H11 Agar Plate 7H11 agar is a culture media for the isolation and cultivation of How does it work? mycobacteria. Oleic acid, albumin, and pancreatic digest of casein are the key ingredients which aid in the growth of the tubercle bacilli. When a broth culture exhibits growth, the laboratory uses this media to When would this media be used? obtain growth of the mycobacteria on solid media. Visible growth can occur in as few as 3 to 5 days with the rapid-growing How long before growth is obtained? mycobacteria. With M. tuberculosis, and some of the other slow-growing bacteria, it can take up to 4 weeks before growth is obtained. Positive for growth How are the results classified? Negative for growth Contaminated When growth is observed on the 7H11 media, the technologist determines if the growth is a mycobacterium species or if it is some other organism. If the growth is a mycobacterium species, identification procedures are What do the results mean? started. If the growth proves to be an organism other than a mycobacterium, then the plate is considered to be contaminated and no further studies are performed. If no growth is seen on the 7H11 agar, it is reported as negative. The TB Lab will initiate identification procedures if the growth is a Are other tests needed? mycobacterium species. How would this test be ordered? NA The GA Public Health Laboratory does not charge the county or the district How much would this test cost? for this procedure.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomic Analysis of the Species of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
    Phylogenomic analysis of the species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex demonstrates that Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium microti and Mycobacterium pinnipedii are later heterotypic synonyms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Marco Riojas, Katya Mcgough, Cristin Rider-Riojas, Nalin Rastogi, Manzour Hernando Hazbón To cite this version: Marco Riojas, Katya Mcgough, Cristin Rider-Riojas, Nalin Rastogi, Manzour Hernando Hazbón. Phy- logenomic analysis of the species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex demonstrates that My- cobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium microti and Mycobacterium pinnipedii are later heterotypic synonyms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Inter- national Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Microbiology Society, 2018, 68 (1), pp.324-332. 10.1099/ijsem.0.002507. pasteur-01986654 HAL Id: pasteur-01986654 https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01986654 Submitted on 18 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. RESEARCH ARTICLE Riojas et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018;68:324–332 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.002507 Phylogenomic analysis of the species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex demonstrates that Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium microti and Mycobacterium pinnipedii are later heterotypic synonyms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Marco A.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycobacterium Microti Interferes with Bovine Tuberculosis Surveillance
    microorganisms Communication Mycobacterium microti Interferes with Bovine Tuberculosis Surveillance Lorraine Michelet , Krystel de Cruz, Jennifer Tambosco, Sylvie Hénault and Maria Laura Boschiroli * Laboratory for Animal Health, University Paris-Est, Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, ANSES, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (K.d.C.); [email protected] (J.T.); [email protected] (S.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 November 2020; Accepted: 23 November 2020; Published: 24 November 2020 Abstract: Mycobacterium microti, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, was originally described as the cause of tuberculosis in wild rodents. However, in the last few years, an increasing number of cases have been reported in wildlife (wild boars and badgers) and livestock (goat and cattle) in the frame of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) surveillance program, demonstrating the risk of interference with bTB diagnosis in France. In 2019, we detected four cattle infected with M. microti, from three different herds in three different distant regions. For all these cases, ante-mortem diagnosis by the skin test (single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT)) was positive. Confirmation of M. microti infection was based on molecular tests, i.e., specific real-time PCR and spoligotyping. These results highlight a non-negligible risk of interference in the bTB diagnosis system and raise concern about the reliability of diagnostic tests used for bTB surveillance. The use of highly specific tests, like the interferon gamma test (IFN-γ) employed in France or new synthetic specific tuberculins for skin testing could alternatively be used to accurately identify M.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecotypes of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex
    Journal of Theoretical Biology Volume 239, Issue 2 , 21 March 2006, Pages 220-225 Special Issue in Memory of John Maynard Smith doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.036 Crown copyright © 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Ecotypes of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Noel H. Smitha,* , Kristin Kremerb, Jacqueline Inwalda, James Dalea, Jeffrey R. Driscollc, Stephen V. Gordona, Dick van Soolingenb, R. Glyn Hewinsona and John Maynard Smith aTB Research Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA), Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK bNational Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands cWadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 22002, New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12201-2002, USA * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 1273 873502; fax: +44 1273 678433. Deceased. Abstract A phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has recently shown that the animal-adapted strains are found in a single lineage marked by the deletion of chromosomal region 9 (RD9) [Brosch et al., 2002. A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99 (6), 3684œ3689]. We have obtained the spoligotype patterns of the RD9 deleted strains used to generate this new evolutionary scenario and we show that the presence of spoligotype spacers 3, 9, 16, 39, and 40œ43 is phylogenetically informative in this lineage. We have used the phylogenetically informative spoligotype spacers to screen a database of spoligotype patterns and have identified further members of a group of strains apparently host-adapted to antelopes. The presence of the spoligotype spacers is congruent with the phylogeny generated by chromosomal deletions, suggesting that recombination is rare or absent between strains of this lineage.
    [Show full text]
  • Mastering the Basics of TB Control
    TECHNICAL REPORT Mastering the basics of TB control Development of a handbook on TB diagnostic methods www.ecdc.europa.eu ECDC TECHNICAL REPORT Mastering the basics of TB control Development of a handbook on TB diagnostic methods Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Mastering the basics of TB control: Development of a handbook on TB diagnostic methods. Stockholm: ECDC; 2011. Stockholm, May 2011 ISBN 978-92-9193-242-9 doi 10.2900/39099 © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2011 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. TECHNICAL REPORT Mastering the basics of TB control Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3 How this report relates to other available work in this field ........................................................................... 3 What this document is/is not...................................................................................................................... 3 Intended use and users ............................................................................................................................. 3 Material and methods ................................................................................................................................ 3
    [Show full text]
  • The Paleopathological Evidence on the Origins of Human Tuberculosis: a Review
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene (JPMH) J PREV MED HYG 2020; 61 (SUPPL. 1): E3-E8 OPEN ACCESS The paleopathological evidence on the origins of human tuberculosis: a review I. BUZIC1,2, V. GIUFFRA1 1 Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy; 2 Doctoral School of History, “1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Romania Keywords Tuberculosis • Paleopathology • History • Neolithic Summary Tuberculosis (TB) has been one of the most important infectious TB has a human origin. The researches show that the disease was diseases affecting mankind and still represents a plague on a present in the early human populations of Africa at least 70000 global scale. In this narrative review the origins of tuberculosis years ago and that it expanded following the migrations of Homo are outlined, according to the evidence of paleopathology. In par- sapiens out of Africa, adapting to the different human groups. The ticular the first cases of human TB in ancient skeletal remains demographic success of TB during the Neolithic period was due to are presented, together with the most recent discoveries result- the growth of density and size of the human host population, and ing from the paleomicrobiology of the tubercle bacillus, which not the zoonotic transfer from cattle, as previously hypothesized. provide innovative information on the history of TB. The paleo- pathological evidence of TB attests the presence of the disease These data demonstrate a long coevolution of the disease and starting from Neolithic times.
    [Show full text]
  • Product Sheet Info
    Product Information Sheet for NR-48756 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Strain Packaging/Storage: 11940-0 NR-48756 was packaged aseptically in screw-capped plastic cryovials. The product is provided frozen and should be stored at -60°C or colder immediately upon arrival. For long-term Catalog No. NR-48756 storage, the vapor phase of a liquid nitrogen freezer is recommended. Freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided. For research use only. Not for human use. Growth Conditions: Contributor: Media: J. Peter Cegielski, M.D., M.P.H., Team Leader for Drug- Middlebrook 7H9 broth with Middlebrook ADC enrichment or Resistant Tuberculosis and Infection Control, Tuberculosis equivalent Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Global HIV and Middlebrook 7H10 agar with Middlebrook OADC enrichment Tuberculosis, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and or equivalent Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA and The South African Incubation: Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Republic of Temperature: 37°C South Africa Atmosphere: Aerobic (with or without 5% CO2) Propagation: Manufacturer: 1. Keep vial frozen until ready for use; then thaw. BEI Resources 2. Transfer the entire thawed aliquot into a single tube of broth. Product Description: 3. Use several drops of the suspension to inoculate an agar Bacteria Classification: Mycobacteriaceae; Mycobacterium slant and/or plate. Species: Mycobacterium tuberculosis 4. Incubate the tubes and plate at 37°C for 2 to 6 weeks. Strain: 11940-0 Original Source: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Citation: (M. tuberculosis), strain 11940-0 was isolated in October Acknowledgment for publications, presentations, patent 2012 from a subculture of a strain originally isolated from a applications, or other disclosure of data or results should read patient with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Republic of South “The following reagent was obtained through BEI Resources, Africa.1 NIAID, NIH as part of the Preserving Effective TB Treatment Comments: M.
    [Show full text]
  • A Surgical Revisitation of Pott Distemper of the Spine Larry T
    The Spine Journal 3 (2003) 130–145 Review Articles A surgical revisitation of Pott distemper of the spine Larry T. Khoo, MD, Kevin Mikawa, MD, Richard G. Fessler, MD, PhD* Institute for Spine Care, Chicago Institute of Neurosurgery and Neuroresearch, Rush Presbyterian Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Received 21 January 2002; accepted 2 July 2002 Abstract Background context: Pott disease and tuberculosis have been with humans for countless millennia. Before the mid-twentieth century, the treatment of tuberculous spondylitis was primarily supportive and typically resulted in dismal neurological, functional and cosmetic outcomes. The contemporary development of effective antituberculous medications, imaging modalities, anesthesia, operative techniques and spinal instrumentation resulted in quantum improvements in the diagnosis, manage- ment and outcome of spinal tuberculosis. With the successful treatment of tuberculosis worldwide, interest in Pott disease has faded from the surgical forefront over the last 20 years. With the recent unchecked global pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus, the number of tuberculosis and sec- ondary spondylitis cases is again increasing at an alarming rate. A surgical revisitation of Pott dis- ease is thus essential to prepare spinal surgeons for this impending resurgence of tuberculosis. Purpose: To revisit the numerous treatment modalities for Pott disease and their outcomes. From this information, a critical reappraisal of surgical nuances with regard to decision making, timing, operative approach, graft types and the use of instrumentation were conducted. Study design: A concise review of the diagnosis, management and surgical treatment of Pott disease. Methods: A broad review of the literature was conducted with a particular focus on the different surgical treatment modalities for Pott disease and their outcomes regarding neurological deficit, ky- phosis and spinal stability.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated from Adult Patients with Tubercular Spondylitis
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection (2013) 46,19e23 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.e-jmii.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from adult patients with tubercular spondylitis Ching-Yun Weng a, Cheng-Mao Ho b,c,d, Horng-Yunn Dou e, Mao-Wang Ho b, Hsiu-Shan Lin c, Hui-Lan Chang c, Jing-Yi Li c, Tsai-Hsiu Lin c, Ni Tien c, Jang-Jih Lu c,d,f,* a Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Lin-Shin Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan b Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan c Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan d Graduate institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan e Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan f Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan Received 30 April 2011; received in revised form 1 August 2011; accepted 31 August 2011 KEYWORDS Background/Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Taiwan and usually affects the lung, Drug resistance; spinal TB accounting for 1e3% of all TB infections. The manifestations of spinal TB are Spoligotyping; different from those of pulmonary TB. The purpose of this study was to define the epidemio- Spondylitis; logical molecular types of mycobacterial strains causing spinal TB. Tuberculosis Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of adult patients diagnosed with spinal TB from January 1998 to December 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • 32-9-2.5.2 Stop TB Global Drug Facility Diagnostics Catalog [.Pdf]
    OCTOBER 2019 DIAGNOSTICS CATALOG GLOBAL DRUG FACILITY (GDF) PHOTO: MAKA AKHALAIA PHOTO: Ensuring an uninterrupted supply of quality-assured, affordable tuberculosis (TB) medicines and diagnostics to the world. stoptb.org/gdf Stop TB Partnership | Global Drug Facility Global Health Campus – Chemin du Pommier 40 1218 Le Grand-Saconnex | Geneva, Switzerland Email: [email protected] Last verion's date: 08 October 2019. Stop TB Partnership/Global Drug Facility licensed this product under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode GLOBAL DRUG FACILITY DIAGNOSTICS CATALOG OCTOBER 2019 GDF is the largest global provider of quality-assured tuberculosis (TB) medicines, diagnostics, and laboratory supplies to the public sector. Since 2001, GDF has facilitated access to high-quality TB care in over 130 countries, providing treatments to over 30 million people with TB and procuring and delivering more than $200 million worth of diagnostic equipment. As a unit of the Stop TB Partnership, GDF provides a full range of quality-assured products to meet the needs of any TB laboratory globally. GDF provides more than 500 diagnostics products, including the latest WHO-approved TB diagnostic devices and reagents, together with the consumables and ancillary devices required to ensure a safe working environment. These products cater to all levels of laboratories, ranging from peripheral health centers to centralized reference laboratories, and provide countries with the latest WHO-recommended technologies for detecting TB and drug resistance. To place an order for any diagnostics product, please follow the step-by-step guide available on the GDF website.
    [Show full text]