Baustellen Der Zerstörung Literatur, Architektur Und Dekonstruktion

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Baustellen Der Zerstörung Literatur, Architektur Und Dekonstruktion BAUSTELLEN DER ZERSTÖRUNG LITERATUR, ARCHITEKTUR UND DEKONSTRUKTION CONSTRUCTION SITES OF DESTRUCTION LITERATURE, ARCHITECTURE, AND DECONSTRUCTION by Johannes Birke A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland October, 2014 © 2014 Johannes Birke All Rights Reserved Intented to be blank ii Abstract My dissertation Construction Sites of Destruction. Literature, Architecture, and Deconstruction analyzes representational and epistemological modes of architectural destruction in literature, theory, and film since the 1960s. I argue in my thesis that architectural destruction challenges the limits of writing, building, and memory, and that this is integral to the production and understanding of architecture and literature in the late twentieth century. I take a decidedly transmedial perspective toward the relationship between architecture and literature, and include examples of painting, photography, and film. As a program of dismantling the ‘architecture’ of Western philosophical thought, the rise of deconstruction in the late 1960s found immediate resonance among the architects of the period. Deconstruction pervades their theoretical work no less than their actual processes of designing and building. I argue that deconstruction is central to not only the displacement of the system of architectural metaphors (in philosophy), but also with the concrete materiality of architecture itself. My thesis links the metaphorical and material aspects of architectural destruction in order to establish a new theoretical framework for the construction, representation, and reception of architecture in literature and cinema. Close readings of Thomas Bernhard’s novels Das Kalkwerk and Korrektur set up a ‘poetology of construction sites of destruction.’ With Bernhard, I show how architecture becomes an agent in both the processes of writing and destroying (itself, among other things). The relationship between architecture, destruction and memory is then analyzed iii with W.G. Sebald's Austerlitz. The novel not only plays with the traditional notion of the invention of mnemotechnics through the destruction of architecture (such as in The Legend of Simonedes of Keos), but also reflects the destruction of architecture in its narrative form and representational modes. A chapter on Alexander Kluge’s text Luftangriff auf Halberstadt am 8. April 1945 and documentaries about different events of the destruction of architecture (e.g., 9/11, the demolition of the Berlin Wall) investigates the interplay of architecture, text, and visual media. Techniques like montage and superimposition thereby prove to be specifically architectural strategies for the visualization of the destruction of architecture. In this context, an acoustic mode of the reception of the destruction of architecture becomes apparent. How this is used for the production of music is described in a short conclusion with the German industrial rock band Einstürzende Neubauten. This dissertation was advised by Professors Elisabeth Strowick and Andrea Krauß. iv Acknowledgments I am thankful to my parents who have loved me unconditionally and have given me all the support in the world. Among so many things, they provided my with two brothers who keep on strengthening me by always grounding my dreamy mind. I thank Elisabeth Strowick and Andrea Krauß for their help, advice, and patience. Thanks also go to: Urs Ultraschall for the music, the fun, the love; Tini for reading Gogol’s The Nose in her rocking chair to me when I was a kid; Andreas and Kathleen for offering me the safest of all places and for being krass; Rob for the laughter, the best drinking company, and the never-ending corrections; Sebastian for the sweet names, the best jokes, and the stories about Rock’n’Roll; Lucas for the peace and understanding; Angelika for putting everything into the right perspective; Brandon for making things better; Tom for the letters; Martin for the absurdities; Alister for New York City and the good times; v Johannes for being J1, pf; Flo for the rationality; Kellan for the smiles and the hugs, the attention and all the good food; Tarek for the truths; Ioana for her soothing presence; Mike for believing in me; Tim for keeping the equilibrium and for all the prayers; Cecilia for being such a lovely host for the Schweinchen; Nils for the alchemy; Rebecca Brown for making me write better; Anna for her endless and unquestionable love; Rebecca Jane Drumm for her love and trust, the songs, skateboards, and still being there; Debbie for making me trust myself; Katie for the artsy times; The Schweinchen for being oh so lovely; Jodi for all the unsayable things and for making me stay the course. vi Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract iii Acknowlegmnents v 1. Einleitung 1 1.1. Gerhard Richter: September 5 1.2. Aufbau der Arbeit 15 2. „Weder Architektur noch Anarchitektur: Transarchitektur!” – Dekonstruktion, Architektur und Sprache / Schreiben 19 2.1. Die Zerstörung Babels 21 2.2. Dekonstruktion und Architektur 35 2.3. Eigenständigkeit der Architektur (Hegel) 40 2.4. Die Überwindung der Metaphysik der Architektur 43 2.5. Architektur des Ereignisses 52 2.6. Transarchitektur und Palimpsest 55 2.7. superimposition – Überlagerung / Überblendung 64 3. „Mit mir ist eine neue Architektur geworden.” – Thomas Bernhards zerstörerische Gebäude 69 3.1. Poetologie architektonischer Zerstörung 69 3.2. Das Kalkwerk 76 3.2.3. Architektur in Kauf nehmen 79 3.2.4. Ornament und Zerstörung 83 3.2.5. Das Kalkwerk als Schreibort 90 3.3. Korrektur 99 3.3.1. Der Hügel im Wald (Loos) 99 3.3.2. „im Grunde ein tödlicher Prozeß” – Bauen 106 3.3.3. „entsprechend” – Das Bauwerk 111 3.3.4. „alles gleich” – Bauen und Schreiben 120 4. „Erinnerungsbruchstücke” – W.G. Sebalds literarisches Erinnern (qua) architektonischer Zerstörung 125 4.1. Literatur, Architektur und Erinnerung (Assmann, Freud) 126 4.2. Architekturen des Nicht-Vergessens 137 4.3. Das Ankommen der Erinnerung im Zuge der Architektur 148 4.4. „zerbrochene Zeichen” – Architektur und Sprachkrise 155 4.5. Vom Drängen der Architektur. Wuchernde Monumentalbauten 159 5. „zusam/mengefügt” – Visualisierungsstrategien der Zerstörung von Architektur 165 5.1. Alexander Kluge. Baustelle und Trümmerfeld 166 5.1.1. Zersplitterte Blicke. Luftangriff auf Halberstadt am 8. April 1945 173 5.1.2. Brutalität in Stein 186 5.1.3. Überbrückungen. Ein Gehäuse aus Stahl für Tschernobyl 192 5.2. Jürgen Böttcher: Die Mauer. Demontage eines Albtraums 196 6. Ausblick und Konklusion 211 Bibliographie 221 Curriculum Vitae 234 vii 1. Einleitung In den vergangenen Jahren hat die Diskussion um das Verhältnis und die Wechselwirkungen von Architektur und Literatur an Präsenz in der literaturwissenschaftlichen Forschung stark zugenommen. Der Ausgangspunkt für diese verstärkte Beschäftigung ist sicherlich in dem in den 1990er Jahren ausgerufenen spatial bzw. topographical turn zu suchen. Dieser hat insofern zu einem Paradigmenwechsel in den Kultur- und Literaturwissenschaften geführt, als er den Raum als eine bestimmende Größe in die Wahrnehmung und Betrachtungsweise kultureller Phänomene einführte. Detlev Schöttker argumentiert in einem im Jahr 2005 im Merkur erschienenen Essay jedoch, dass der Raumbegriff des spatial turns „vornehmlich der Geographie und Geopolitik verpflichtet [ist], so daß Landkarten und Reisedarstellungen die Grundlagen der Einsichten bilden.”1 Der von der Architektur be- und umbaute Raum spiele dabei keine Rolle. Selbst die für einige Jahre so populäre Beziehung von Großstadt und Text sparte eine Diskussion von Gebäuden aus: „Im Mittelpunkt stehen vielmehr wie bei Benjamin subjektive Wahrnehmungen städtischer Phänomene: Luxuswaren, Kino, Reklame, Tempo, Lärm, Schmutz, künstliche Beleuchtung.”2 Diese Befunde motivierten Schöttker dazu, einen genuin „architectonic turn”3 für die Kultur- und Literaturwissenschaften zu fordern. Dieser Forderung wurde in zahlreichen Einzelstudien 1 Schöttker, Detlev, „Das Zimmer im Kopf. Wann kommt eigentlich der ‘architectonic turn’”, in: Merkur 59 (2005), Heft 680, S. 1191-1195, hier: S. 1194. Vgl. auch: Detlev Schöttker, „Architektur als Literatur. Zu Geschichte und Theorie eines ästhetischen Dispositivs”, in: Urs Meyer, Roberto Simanowski, Christoph Zeller (Hg.), Transmedialität. Zur Ästhetik paraliterarischer Verfahren, Göttingen 2006, S. 131-151. 2 Schöttker, Detlev, „Das Zimmer im Kopf”, S. 1194. 3 ebd., S. 1195. 1 bereits entsprochen.4 Die Forschung erarbeitete von Untersuchungen architektonischer Motive über die Diskussion exemplarischer Bauwerke in literarischen Texten5 bishin zur Bestimmung des intermedialen Verhältnisses von Architektur und Literatur, der metaphorischen, narratologischen und philosophischen Funktionen von fiktiven Gebäuden verschiedenartigste Zugriffe auf die komplexe und vielfältige Beziehung von Architektur und Literatur6. Ganz so neu ist die Beschäftigung mit dem Verhältnis von Literatur und Architektur dann aber doch nicht, denn seit jeher galt die Architektur als produktive Metapher für die Beschreibung und Charakterisierung kreativer Prozesse und ihrer Resultate.7 So ist es ein nahezu unhinterfragter Sprachgebrauch, von der „Architektur eines Textes” und „Gedankengebäuden” zu sprechen, wenn die Strukturalität von Texten und Philosophemen beschrieben werden soll. Bezeichnend ist in diesem Zusammenhang auch der von Eberhard Lämmert für seine Einführung in die Narratologie gewählte Titel Bauformen des Erzählens.8 Und auch in der umgekehrten
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