DOCSLIB.ORG

The Rise of Open Source Licensing Distribute Their Work More Effi Ciently and Increase Innovation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Rise of Open Source Licensing Distribute Their Work More Effi Ciently and Increase Innovation Mikko Välimäki TheRiseofOpenSourceLicensing Mikko Välimäki Op — from Linux to Firefox and MySQL database — has changed so ware business as we knew it. New start-ups have Mikko Välimäki challenged industry heavyweights from Microso to Oracle with inno- vative copyright licensing strategies and courageous anti-patent policies. Almost every major so ware company has been forced to react to the commodifi cation trend. Drawing from detailed case studies, historical narrative and the ap- plication of economic theory, this book shows how open source licensing is used for strategic advantage. So ware developers enter open source to The Rise of Open Source Licensing distribute their work more effi ciently and increase innovation. So ware is no longer property, they say. Interestingly, everything has worked despite — rather than because of — ever-expanding intellectual property rights. A Challenge to the Use of Intellectual Property Is there a limit? In the United States, the headline cases by SCO against Linux supporters and users opened the surface of intellectual property in the So ware Industry infringement risks. In Europe, there is ongoing public debate about the impact of so ware patents on open source. This book goes beyond fear and doubt arguing that such legal risks are in the end just necessary but man- ageable uncertainties, which always come with a new business model. M V teaches technology law at the Helsinki University of Technology. He has consulted extensively on open source licensing. ISBN 952-91-8769-6 T P h p://pub.turre.com/ 9 789529 187690 Cover photo: Ville Oksanen 2225581_Valimaki_kansi2.indd25581_Valimaki_kansi2.indd 1 118.5.20058.5.2005 116:56:396:56:39 PUBLISHED BY TURRE PUBLISHING, A DIVISION OF TURRE LEGAL LTD. Aleksanterinkatu 17, 6th floor, Helsinki, FI-00100, Finland, http://pub.turre.com/ Copyright © 2005 Mikko Välimäki First Edition. Some Rights Reserved. This book is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 2.0 license available from http://www.creativecommons.org/. Accordingly, you are free to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work under the following conditions: (1) you must give the original author credit, (2) you may not use this work for commercial purposes, and (3) you may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. ISBN: 952-91-8769-6 (printed) 952-91-8779-3 (PDF) Printed in the Helsinki University Printing House. Mikko Välimäki THE RISE OF OPEN SOURCE LICENSING ACHALLENGE TO THE USE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE SOFTWARE INDUSTRY III FOREWORD This book is the result of my PhD studies at the Helsinki University of Technology. I started working towards a doctoral degree right after graduation from the University of Helsinki in 1999. I was supposed to write a thesis in law. Now I need to apologize my then-supervisors profes- sor Niklas Bruun and docent Pekka Timonen not to complete the thesis at the law faculty in four years as was once planned. What happened was that I met my future academic mentor, professor Jukka Kemppinen, who had just started his professorship at the Helsinki University of Technology. He convinced me to change my plans and my university in the late 1999. The actual theme of this thesis started to emerge during my year at UC Berkeley from 2000 to 2001. At that time I was working with Olli Pitkänen and we were supposed to study digital rights management. But I went on and spotted open source. I was lucky to participate at some of the first business and technology conferences ever that were arranged on the topic in California. I concluded that this is the area I have the best knowledge of and, besides, it doesn’t seem to be a fad that disappears in the next two years. So why not write about it? The main creative writing periods of this book were in October 2003 in Berkeley libraries and cafes, and August 2004 in the Starbuckses of Santiago de Chile. In addition, there were also those numerable nights when I com- pleted separate articles, which form considerable subparts of this thesis. I fin- ished the work by completing all the open and missing parts under the su- pervision of professor Juha Laine. Dissertation examiners professor Jukka Heikkilä and Dr. Ilkka Rahnasto made a number of substantial comments to a draft version of this book. I have taken most of them into account. Professor Thomas Riis from Copenha- gen Business School kindly accepted the invitation to act as the academic op- ponent. My understanding of open source has greatly benefited from discussions with those who practice software business. As the public interest in open source has grown, I have found myself lecturing and consulting open source licensing to different organization from Finnish software companies to Inter- IV American Development Bank. Special mention goes to Antti Halonen who introduced me to MySQL before there was a company for that particular pro- ject. Mårten Mickos, MySQL’s CEO since 2001, has also been of help by giv- ing constructive feedback and kindly sharing his connections. Another bunch of special thanks go to my research colleagues Ville Ok- sanen and Herkko Hietanen. In addition to several co-authored research pa- pers, the founding of Electronic Frontier Finland in 2001 has definitely sharp- ened my argumentation and overall writing skills. Through the association, I have had the opportunity to participate into the public policy discussion on copyright and patents from the inside. I want to also thank Olga ja Kaarle Oskari Laitisen Säätiö, Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation, Helsingin Sanomain 100-vuotissäätiö, Soneran tutki- mussäätiö, Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth foundation and the Research Founda- tion of Helsinki University of Technology for their grants supporting my re- search work when that support was most needed. Finally, thanks to my family, friends and colleagues not especially men- tioned. There are just too many people I’ve met at universities, conferences, business meetings and bars all around the world who have given their sup- port and contribution in one way or other to this project. It makes me no sense to list you all. “Meet the new boss – same as the old boss.”* Lauttasaari, Helsinki, 30th March 2005 Mikko Välimäki * Final verse from The Who song Won’t Get Fooled Again (1971). Lyrics by Pete Townshend. V TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD........................................................................................................................III TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................... V ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. IX 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PROBLEM.....................................................................................................................1 1.2 TERMINOLOGY,PERSPECTIVE AND LIMITATIONS ........................................................3 1.3 METHOD .....................................................................................................................5 1.3.1 Rationale for Different Methods Used...................................................................5 1.3.2 Continuing Patterns in Business History .............................................................6 1.3.3 An Economic Perspective......................................................................................7 1.3.4 Comparative Law and Social Norms.....................................................................8 1.4 ACADEMIC CONTEXT AND SOURCES.........................................................................10 1.5 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY .........................................................................................11 2 FROM PROPRIETARY TO OPEN: EVOLVING LICENSING MODELS IN SOFTWARE INDUSTRY................................................................................................... 13 2.1 SOFTWARE INDUSTRY................................................................................................13 2.1.1 A Short Historical Overview ..............................................................................13 2.1.2 Market Size and Regions ....................................................................................15 2.1.3 Emergence of Open Source .................................................................................16 2.1.4 Open Source and Software Business Models.......................................................19 2.2 PROPRIETARY LICENSING ..........................................................................................21 2.2.1 IBM’s Unbundling Decision and Corporate Licensing .......................................21 2.2.2 Mass Markets Licensing and Shareware .............................................................24 2.2.3 Proprietary Licensing Today...............................................................................26 2.3 FREE SOFTWARE AND OPEN SOURCE LICENSING ......................................................30 2.3.1 BSD License and Unix Copyrights .....................................................................30 2.3.2 GNU General Public License, Linux and SCO ...................................................33 2.3.3 Open Source Enters Vocabulary .........................................................................36 2.4 SOCIAL AND POLICY DIMENSIONS OF OPEN SOURCE................................................40
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Game's the Thing: Properties, Priorities and Perceptions in the Video Games Industries
    The game's the thing: properties, priorities and perceptions in the video games industries Mac Sithigh, D. (2017). The game's the thing: properties, priorities and perceptions in the video games industries. In M. Richardson, & S. Ricketson (Eds.), Research Handbook on Intellectual Property in Media and Entertainment (pp. 344-366). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784710798 Published in: Research Handbook on Intellectual Property in Media and Entertainment Document Version: Peer reviewed version Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights Copyright 2017, the Author. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:25. Sep. 2021 The Game’s the Thing: Property, Priorities and Perceptions in the Video Games Industries Daithí Mac Síthigh* Published in Richardson and Ricketson (eds), Research Handbook on Intellectual Property in Media and Entertainment (Edward Elgar 2017) I.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Software Copyright Infringement and Criminal Enforcement
    Online Software Copyright Infringement and Criminal Enforcement Submitted: May 14, 2005 Randy K. Baldwin American University Washington College of Law What are Warez and Who Trades Them? This paper will discuss infringement of software copyrights with a focus on criminal ‘warez trading‘ of copyrighted software on the Internet. Warez are infringing electronic, digital copies of copyrighted works whose copy protection measures have been removed.1 Warez are most often ‘cracked’ software programs whose digital rights management (DRM) and copy control measures have been circumvented. Once DRM controls have been disabled, warez are subsequently distributed and traded on the Internet, usually without any direct financial gain to the distributors and traders.2 Distribution of warez usually starts as small-scale deployments from password- protected file transfer protocol (FTP) servers and encrypted and/or password-protected web sites run by warez groups. Warez are then traded on the Internet among broader groups via direct peer-to-peer (P2P) connections, and encrypted emails with warez attachments. Trading and downloading of warez is coordinated via closed, invite-only Internet Relay Chat (IRC) channels, Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encrypted email, Instant Messaging (IM), private chat rooms, direct connect P2P networks, and messages posted to Usenet groups under pseudonyms.3 Servers and sites hosting warez and communications means used by warez traders are designed to avoid detection and identification by law enforcement.4 File and directory names are intentionally 1 Goldman, Eric, A Road to No Warez: The No Electronic Theft Act and Criminal Copyright Infringement. 82 Or. L. Rev. 369, 370-371 (2003). [hereinafter Road to No Warez], available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=520122 (last visited May 9, 2005) (on file with author) (Defines warez and warez trading.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyleft, -Right and the Case Law on Apis on Both Sides of the Atlantic 5
    Less may be more: copyleft, -right and the case law on APIs on both sides of the Atlantic 5 Less may be more: copyleft, -right and the case law on APIs on both sides of the Atlantic Walter H. van Holst Senior IT-legal consultant at Mitopics, The Netherlands (with thanks to the whole of the FTF-legal mailinglist for contributing information and cases that were essential for this article) DOI: 10.5033/ifosslr.v5i1.72 Abstract Like any relatively young area of law, copyright on software is surrounded by some legal uncertainty. Even more so in the context of copyleft open source licenses, since these licenses in some respects aim for goals that are the opposite of 'regular' software copyright law. This article provides an analysis of the reciprocal effect of the GPL- family of copyleft software licenses (the GPL, LGPL and the AGPL) from a mostly copyright perspective as well as an analysis of the extent to which the SAS/WPL case affects this family of copyleft software licenses. In this article the extent to which the GPL and AGPL reciprocity clauses have a wider effect than those of the LGPL is questioned, while both the SAS/WPL jurisprudence and the Oracle vs Google case seem to affirm the LGPL's “dynamic linking” criterium. The net result is that the GPL may not be able to be more copyleft than the LGPL. Keywords Law; information technology; Free and Open Source Software; case law; copyleft, copyright; reciprocity effect; exhaustion; derivation; compilation International Free and Open Source Software Law Review Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Dell Wyse Management Suite Version 2.1 Third Party Licenses
    Dell Wyse Management Suite Version 2.1 Third Party Licenses October 2020 Rev. A01 Notes, cautions, and warnings NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your product. CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem. WARNING: A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death. © 2020 Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Dell, EMC, and other trademarks are trademarks of Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. Other trademarks may be trademarks of their respective owners. Contents Chapter 1: Third party licenses...................................................................................................... 4 Contents 3 1 Third party licenses The table provides the details about third party licenses for Wyse Management Suite 2.1. Table 1. Third party licenses Component name License type jdk1.8.0_112 Oracle Binary Code License jre11.0.5 Oracle Binary Code License bootstrap-2.3.2 Apache License, Version 2.0 backbone-1.3.3 MIT MIT aopalliance-1.0.jar Public Domain aspectjweaver-1.7.2.jar Eclipse Public licenses- v 1.0 bcprov-jdk16-1.46.jar MIT commons-codec-1.9.jar Apache License, Version 2.0 commons-logging-1.1.1.jar Apache License, Version 2.0 hamcrest-core-1.3.jar BSD-3 Clause jackson-annotations.2.10.2.jar Apache License, Version 2.0 The Apache Software License, Version 2.0 jackson-core.2.10.2.jar Apache License, Version 2.0 The Apache Software License, Version 2.0 jackson-databind.2.10.2.jar Apache License, Version 2.0 The Apache Software License, Version 2.0 log4j-1.2.17.jar Apache License, Version 2.0 mosquitto-3.1 Eclipse Public licenses- v 1.0 Gradle Wrapper 2.14 Apache 2.0 License Gradle Wrapper 3.3 Apache 2.0 License HockeySDK-Ios3.7.0 MIT Relayrides / pushy - v0.9.3 MIT zlib-1.2.8 zlib license yaml-cpp-0.5.1 MIT libssl.dll (1.1.1c) Open SSL License 4 Third party licenses Table 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Ubuntu Unleashed 2013 Edition: Covering 12.10 and 13.04
    Matthew Helmke with Andrew Hudson and Paul Hudson Ubuntu UNLEASHED 2013 Edition 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Ubuntu Unleashed 2013 Edition Editor-in-Chief Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Mark Taub All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval Acquisitions Editor system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, record- Debra Williams ing, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every Cauley precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author Development Editor assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Michael Thurston ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33624-9 Managing Editor ISBN-10: 0-672-33624-3 Kristy Hart Project Editor The Library of Congress cataloging-in-publication data is on file. Jovana Shirley Printed in the United States of America Copy Editor First Printing December 2012 Charlotte Kughen Trademarks Indexer All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have Angie Martin been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity Proofreader of any trademark or service mark. Language Logistics Warning and Disclaimer Technical Editors Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as Chris Johnston possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied.
    [Show full text]
  • Marjn Norling November 2012
    Mar$n Norling November 2012 UNIX Lecture Goals • Goal 1: Know basic UNIX commands and their use from memory. • Goal 2: Know how to find informaon on more advanced UNIX commands and their use. • Goal 3: Understand the basics of regular expression paerns. • Goal 4: Know the basic loops and condi$onals for shell scrip$ng and understand how to use them. UNIX Schedule Thursday Friday 09.00-09.45 UNIX introduc$on 09.00-09.45 Bash Scrip$ng 10.00-10.45 UNIX basics 10.00-10.45 Tutorial: Bash scrip$ng 11.00-12.00 Redirects to regexp 11.00-12.00 Tips & Quesons 12.00-13.00 Lunch 12.00-13.00 Lunch 13.00-16.00 Tutorial: Basics 13.00-16.00 Tutorial: finishing up UNIX HISTORY UNIX History • 1969 – First Version of UNIX developed at Bell Labs by AT&T • 1975 – UNIX 6, the first to be widely available outside Bell Labs. The first “Berkeley So]ware Distribu$on” (BSD) is released. • 1989 – UNIX System V, the last tradi$onal UNIX version. • 1991 – Linus Torvalds begin developing Linux. “UNIX-like” • Today – UNIX itself, what’s now called “tradi$onal UNIX” is not used, except by enthusiasts. • There are many “UNIX-like” systems (also known as *nix or UN*X) that are similar to UNIX while not conforming to the Single UNIX Specificaon. • In fact, most operang systems today except windows are “UNIX like”. Single UNIX Specificaon (SUS) • Developed and maintained by the Aus$n Group, based on earlier work by the IEee and The Open Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Code Forking in Open Source Software
    EKONOMI OCH SAMHÄLLE ECONOMICS AND SOCIETY LINUS NYMAN – UNDERSTANDING CODE FORKING IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE SOURCE OPEN IN FORKING CODE UNDERSTANDING – NYMAN LINUS UNDERSTANDING CODE FORKING IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AN EXAMINATION OF CODE FORKING, ITS EFFECT ON OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE, AND HOW IT IS VIEWED AND PRACTICED BY DEVELOPERS LINUS NYMAN Ekonomi och samhälle Economics and Society Skrifter utgivna vid Svenska handelshögskolan Publications of the Hanken School of Economics Nr 287 Linus Nyman Understanding Code Forking in Open Source Software An examination of code forking, its effect on open source software, and how it is viewed and practiced by developers Helsinki 2015 < Understanding Code Forking in Open Source Software: An examination of code forking, its effect on open source software, and how it is viewed and practiced by developers Key words: Code forking, fork, open source software, free software © Hanken School of Economics & Linus Nyman, 2015 Linus Nyman Hanken School of Economics Information Systems Science, Department of Management and Organisation P.O.Box 479, 00101 Helsinki, Finland Hanken School of Economics ISBN 978-952-232-274-6 (printed) ISBN 978-952-232-275-3 (PDF) ISSN-L 0424-7256 ISSN 0424-7256 (printed) ISSN 2242-699X (PDF) Edita Prima Ltd, Helsinki 2015 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who either helped make this book possible, or at the very least much more enjoyable to write. Firstly I would like to thank my pre-examiners Imed Hammouda and Björn Lundell for their insightful suggestions and remarks. Furthermore, I am grateful to Imed for also serving as my opponent. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to Liikesivistysrahasto, the Hanken Foundation, the Wallenberg Foundation, and the Finnish Unix User Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Free Berkeley Software Distribution
    Free berkeley software distribution Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was a Unix operating system derivative developed and . The lawsuit slowed development of the free- software descendants of BSD for nearly two years while their legal status was in question, and as a OS family​: ​Unix. Software Central is a consolidation of several IST sites that offer software to UC Berkeley faculty, staff and students. The products available through this site are ​Productivity Software · ​Mathematics & Sciences · ​VMware · ​Stata. Software Central. The API department runs the Campus Software Distribution Service, which: Runs a distribution service through (link is. Free Speech Online Blue Ribbon Campaign. Welcome to ! UNIX! Live free or die! Google. Custom Search. What is this page all about? This page is. BSD stands for “Berkeley Software Distribution”. which is available on CD-ROM and for free download from FTP sites, for example OpenBSD. All of the documentation and software included in the BSD and As you know, certain of the Berkeley Software Distribution ("BSD") source. Template:Redirect Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD, sometimes called many other operating systems, both free and proprietary, to incorporate BSD code. BSD (originally: Berkeley Software Distribution) refers to the particular version of the UNIX operating system that was developed at and distributed fro. Short for Berkeley Software Distribution, BSD is a Unix-like NetBSD is another free version of BSD compatible with a very large variety of. Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) is a prominent version of the Unix operating system that was developed and distributed by the Computer Systems. Early in , Joy put together the "Berkeley Software Distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Source Software: Avoiding the Pitfalls; Reaping the Rewards
    McCarthy Tétrault LLP Open Source Software: Avoiding the Pitfalls; Reaping the Rewards Charles Morgan Presentation to the ALAI Auberge Le Saint-Gabriel September 24, 2003 McCarthy Tétrault Open Source »What is Open Source? »Brief History of Open Source »OSI Open Source Definition »Open Source Licenses »Open Source Business Models »Rewards & Pitfalls »Open Source Tips McCarthy Tétrault LLP What is Open Source? » Open source software can generally be defined by four freedoms: • The freedom to use the program • The freedom to examine and change the source code • The freedom to distribute the program • The freedom to distribute any changes to the source code McCarthy Tétrault LLP What is Open Source? » Nine core principles: • Free Distribution – no restriction on distribution of the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution (including royalty or fee) • Source Code - the source code must be accessible • Derived Works - license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software • Integrity of the Author’s Source Code - the license may restrict source code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of ‘patch files’ with the source code McCarthy Tétrault LLP What is Open Source? • No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups - the license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons • No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor - the license must not restrict anyone from making
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Law and Ethics
    ENSC 406 Software, Computer and Internet Ethics Bob Gill, P.Eng., FEC, smIEEE May 15th 2017 1 Topics Covered What is Open Source Software? A One-Slide History of Open Source Software The Open Source Development Model Why Companies Use (and Don’t Use) Open Source Software Open Source Licensing Strategies Open Source Licenses and “Copyleft” Open Source Issues in Corporate Transactions Relevant Cases and Disputes Open source vs. Freeware vs. Shareware Site Licensing Software Maintenance Computer and Internet Ethics 2 What is Open Source Software? Open Source software is software licensed under an agreement that conforms to the Open Source Definition Access to Source Code Freedom to Redistribute Freedom to Modify Non-Discriminatory Licensing (licensee/product) Integrity of Authorship Redistribution in accordance with the Open Source License Agreement 3 What is Open Source Software? Any developer/licensor can draft an agreement that conforms to the OSD, though most licensors use existing agreements GNU Public License (“GPL”) Lesser/Library GNU Public License (“LGPL”) Mozilla Public License Berkeley Software Distribution license (“BSD”) Apache Software License MIT – X11 License See complete list at www.opensource.org/licenses 4 Examples of Open Source Software Linux (operating system kernel – substitutes for proprietary UNIX) Apache Web Server (web server for UNIX systems) MySQL(Structured Query Language – competes with Oracle) Cloudscape, Eclipse (IBM contributions) OpenOffice(Microsoft Office Alternate) SciLab,
    [Show full text]
  • Open Source Used in Asyncos 7.8 for Email
    Open Source Used In AsyncOS 7.8 for Email Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco website at www.cisco.com/go/offices. Text Part Number: 78EE117C99-25357715 Open Source Used In AsyncOS 7.8 for Email 1 This document contains the licenses and notices for open source software used in this product. With respect to the free/open source software listed in this document, if you have any questions or wish to receive a copy of the source code to which you are entitled under the applicable free/open source license(s) (such as the GNU Lesser/General Public License), please contact us at [email protected]. In your requests please include the following reference number 78EE117C99-25357715 Contents 1.1 AnyEvent 5.34 1.1.1 Available under license 1.2 Aquarium 2.2.1 1.2.1 Available under license 1.3 Archive::Zip 1.30 1.3.1 Available under license 1.4 B::Deobfuscate 0.20 1.4.1 Available under license 1.5 B::Deobfuscate 0.10 1.5.1 Available under license 1.6 B::Keywords 0.06 1.6.1 Available under license 1.7 B::Keywords 1.10 1.7.1 Available under license 1.8 BerkeleyDB-perl 0.49 1.8.1 Available under license 1.9 Boost 1.41 1.9.1 Available under license 1.10 BSD::Resource 1.2903 1.10.1 Available under license 1.11 BSD::Resource 1.2904 1.11.1 Available under license 1.12 cheetah 1 1.12.1 Available under license 1.13 common::sense 3.4 1.13.1 Available under license Open Source Used In AsyncOS 7.8 for Email 2 1.14 Compress::Raw::Bzip2
    [Show full text]
  • Ubuntu: Unleashed 2017 Edition
    Matthew Helmke with Andrew Hudson and Paul Hudson Ubuntu UNLEASHED 2017 Edition 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Ubuntu Unleashed 2017 Edition Editor-in-Chief Copyright © 2017 by Pearson Education, Inc. Mark Taub All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected Acquisitions Editor by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohib- Debra Williams ited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information Cauley regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Managing Editor Education Global Rights & Permissions Department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/ permissions/. Sandra Schroeder Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their Project Editor products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Lori Lyons the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Production Manager The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make Dhayanidhi no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in Proofreader connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained Sasirekha herein. Technical Editor For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content José Antonio Rey particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), Editorial Assistant please contact our corporate sales department at [email protected] or (800) 382-3419.
    [Show full text]