DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 1 Beginning of Kashmir Issue

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 1 Beginning of Kashmir Issue THE KASHMIR ISSUE AND PLEA OF PAKISTAN ABDUR RAHIM AAMAR Dr/2006-03 DEPARTMENT OF KASHMIRYAT UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB LAHORE THE KASHMIR ISSUE AND PLEA OF PAKISTAN ABDUR RAHIM AAMAR Dr/2006-03 Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in Kashmiryat at the Department of Kashmiryat University of the Punjab Lahore December, 2014 In the Name of Allah, The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful i DECLARATION It is certified that this Ph.D dissertation titled “The Kashmir Issue and Plea of Pakistan” is an original research. Its content was not already submitted as a whole or in parts for the requirement of any other degree and is not currently being submitted for any other degree or qualification. To the best of my knowledge, the thesis does not contain any material published or written previously by another author, except where due references were made to the source in the text of the thesis. It is further certified that help received in developing the thesis, and all resources used for the purpose, have been duly acknowledged at the appropriate places. December 15, 2014 ________________________ Abdur Rahim Aamar Dr/2006-03, Department of Kashmiryat University of the Punjab, Lahore, ii CERTIFICATE It is to certify that the research work described in the Ph.D dissertation is an original work of the author. It has been carried out under my direct supervision. I have personally gone through all its data, contents and results reported in the manuscript and certify its correctness and authenticity. I further certify that the material included in the thesis has not been used partially or fully, in any manuscript already submitted or is in the process of submission in partial or complete fulfillment of the award of any other degree from any other institution. I also certify that the thesis has been developed under my supervision according to the prescribed format. I, therefore, endorse its worth for the award of Ph.D degree in accordance with the prescribed procedure of the university. ____________________________________ Supervisor Dr. S. M. Yousaf Bokhari Associate Professor ® & Ex-Chairman Department of Kashmiryat, University of the Punjab, Lahore iii APPROVAL SHEET The thesis titled, “The Kashmir Issue and Plea of Pakistan” is accepted in the fulfillment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Kashmiryat at the Department of Kashmiryat, University of the Punjab, Lahore. _______________________________ Supervisor Dr. S. M. Yousaf Bokhari Associate Professor ® & Ex-Chairman Department of Kashmiryat, University of the Punjab, Lahore iv DEDICATED To My Elder Brother Muhammad Shafique Sabir v Abstract The Kashmir issue and Plea of Pakistan is an analytical hypothesis of our thesis in which we are going to discuss the pros and cons of this sensitive issue. We shall argue and analyse the issue, the ancient historical position of Kashmir and its topographical importance. Raj Tarangni’s author Kulhan Pandit writes that he has completed its historical account in 1148 A.D, in Sanskritic language; describing the details of Kashmir rulers; who had ruled for five thousand years. Kalhun also describes that there was no foreign involvement in Kashmir as it was a sovereign State. It has remained an independent State throughout as it was situated in the center of Asian Sub-continent. In the north it is connected with the territory of Tajak & Chines, Turkistan in the East Tibet (China) and in the south Bharat and Pakistan, Afghanistan and democratic Tajikistan. The 750 miles territory connects China, 300 miles with India, 600 miles with Pakistan whereas the 50 miles territory is interconnected Afghanistan. The political upheaval started after the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in the Punjab as Sikh Sardars fought against one another’s and numerous assassinations took place that resulted in poor control. The certain rebels planned to topple the English Jurisdiction which resulted in the first battle between Sikhs and the Europeans. The Sikhs were defeated and the English soldiers crossed river Sutlej and stationed themselves in Sikh territory. All the people failed to comprehend any alternative measure. On the other hand, Dogra Raja of Jammu Gulab Singh who had not participated in the war secretly developed his relations and understanding with the English rulers. He was nominated to settle the issue with English rulers with the efforts of Maharaja Gulab Singh after vi which it was decided that the middle estate of Sutlej and Bias would be handed over to the English regime and a penalty of one crore fifty lacs to be paid. Since there was no availability of the cash so that lack of payment of one crore; the passage between river Bias and Sind including all the hilly areas be given to English rulers in compensation. However, by 9th March 1846 A.D. Through Amritsar Pact one passage between Sutlej and Bias another land of Hazara Jammu & Kashmir State. Chamba was handed over to the English rulers. Soon after this pact, Maharaja Gulab Singh made Amritsar Pact, on 16th March 1846. Since he was not in position to pay one crore and fifty lack as compensation of the estate, the State of Chamba was minimized from the rest States. Thus Gulab Singh enjoyed the kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir with the sale deed of 75 lacs. Henceforth we see that the Dogra regime had been established in Kashmir; which ended in partition of India in 1947. At the time of Indian independence, the Kashmir issue had gained recognition. Before this “Quit Kashmir” slogan, was raised by Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah and Prem Nath Bzaz in Kashmir. According to Indian Independence Act, British India was to be divided into the two independent dominions of India and Pakistan from 15th Aug 1947 A.D. The fate of princely states and those parts of Indian subcontinent, which were not directly ruled by Britain and had retained their own princely powers, remained unclear. These states comprised 45% of its territory. Here at least 600 states were involved. The freedom movement had been planned to extend to the people of states so that a large number could join the Indian Union. Lord Mountbatten. The British viceroy of India confirmed legal independence of the princely states, but directed their rulers to have option of accession either with India or Pakistan. Indian rulers deliberately occupied Hyderabad and Junagarh and made those ultimately part of the Indian Union. All the vii states except the state of Jammu and Kashmir found them completely associated with either India or Pakistan. Contiguously, both India and Pakistan had the right to accede on population basis the states into their own dominion, but here the decision was awarded to Maharaja; whereas the greater part of Jammu & Kashmir should have gone to Pakistan logically, lawfully, geographically and instantaneously. The issue was confused by the fact that the foremost Muslim leader of the State Sheikh Abdullah was in the prison at the time with the result that Hari Singh was in favour of accession with India. The statement of Sir Albion Banerjee was the first bold voice against the Maharaja, which broke the Kashmiri People’s silence for their rights. The statement of Banerjee proved to be a glimpse of light in the darkness of Kashmir’s political history and Kashmiri people got themselves enlightened by this statement and started to raise their slogans of rights and freedom. All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference was established in October 1932. The founders of the Muslim Conference were Pundit Prem Nath Bazaz and Pundit Gulshan and most of them, were Hindus. Its first president was Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah and General Secretary was Chaudhary Ghulam Abbas. The Landmark and historical achievement of the Muslim Conference was the resolution of 19th July 1947 that decided accession of Jammu and Kashmir State with Pakistan, the sole objective of the Kashmiris. The remarkable resolution was approved at the residence of Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan in Srinagar. To stop this resolution, Dogra Maharaja arrested several workers of the Muslim Conference. In addition, it proved an ignition in political history of Jammu and Kashmir and in the hearts and minds of Kashmiri people. During Jinnah’s stay in Kashmir, the Muslim Conference obtained a great popularity. viii The National Conference was established in April 1939 and its first President was Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah whereas a controversial person in the history of Kashmir. Many enlightened persons of Kashmir did not like Sheikh Abdullah. National Conference is skewed from the very first day towards Indian Congress Party. It was felt that National Conference was not a famous political party and that was a B team of Indian Congress Party in Kashmir. Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah invited Muhammad Ali Jinnah to visit Kashmir. Later on the repented Jinnah’s visit to Kashmir because the visit proved against the wishes of Sheikh Abdullah. Muhammad Ali Jinnah visited Jammu and Kashmir in May-July 1944. He stayed in Kashmir only for ten days. During his stay in Kashmir, he observed that Sheikh Abdullah was not a patriotic leader for Kashmiri people, rather his visit proved an ignition in the political history of Jammu and Kashmir, in the hearts and minds of Kashmiri people. Muslim Conference was against this movement and they gave the Kashmir people a perception of Azad Kashmir. This was the first coherent thought towards Kashmir Freedom Movement. In Kashmir, Maharaja’s army had no Muslim soldiers at all. He arranged his army mainly from Dogras, Sikhs and Gurkhas in spite of the poor Muslims were formidable fighters. Out of the 71663 citizens of the State who served in British army in the Second World War, 60402 were Muslims whom Maharaja did not trust upon; therefore the king refrained to take them in his army.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Great Academic Efforts of Sir Syed Ahmad
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD ISSN – 2455-0620 Volume - 3, Issue - 4, Apr - 2017 GREAT ACADEMIC EFFORTS OF SIR SYED AHMAD DR. DEEPIKA SHARMA Asst. Prof. (Dept. of English) M.G.M.(P.G.) College, Sambhal, U.P., India Email - [email protected] Abstract: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (17 October 1817- 27 March 1898) was the founder of Anglo- Mohammedan Oriental College which was later on converted into Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. He lived his entire life as a humanist to maintain a balance between tradition & modernity and religion & science. Like many other great reformers of the time, Sir Syed was a great visionary who diverted the attention of muslims towards the need of modern language and scientific education instead of having faith in meaningless customs and traditions. His primary aim was to create good institutions for educational, cultural and social development of muslims. He was truly a man of substance and collective intellectual. Aligarh College and the Muslim Educational Conference are the valuable gifts of Sir Syed which he gave to his community. These institutions and Conferences scattered the light of knowledge in the past as well as influencing intellectuals till the day and will continue to do so in the years to come, unhindered. Sir syed’s efforts for muslim- education served double purpose. It helped muslims to get good jobs to raise their status in the society. Therefore one can say that education was the most important aspect of Sir Syed’s services done for the muslims of India. Key Words: Muslim Leader and Reformer, Western Knowledge, Scientific Education, Aligarh Movement, Educational Institutions, Progress of Muslim Community.
    [Show full text]
  • Name (Original Script): ﻦﯿﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻧﺸﻮان ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق ﻋﺒﺪ
    Sanctions List Last updated on: 2 October 2015 Consolidated United Nations Security Council Sanctions List Generated on: 2 October 2015 Composition of the List The list consists of the two sections specified below: A. Individuals B. Entities and other groups Information about de-listing may be found on the Committee's website at: http://www.un.org/sc/committees/dfp.shtml A. Individuals TAi.155 Name: 1: ABDUL AZIZ 2: ABBASIN 3: na 4: na ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﯿﻦ :(Name (original script Title: na Designation: na DOB: 1969 POB: Sheykhan Village, Pirkowti Area, Orgun District, Paktika Province, Afghanistan Good quality a.k.a.: Abdul Aziz Mahsud Low quality a.k.a.: na Nationality: na Passport no: na National identification no: na Address: na Listed on: 4 Oct. 2011 (amended on 22 Apr. 2013) Other information: Key commander in the Haqqani Network (TAe.012) under Sirajuddin Jallaloudine Haqqani (TAi.144). Taliban Shadow Governor for Orgun District, Paktika Province as of early 2010. Operated a training camp for non- Afghan fighters in Paktika Province. Has been involved in the transport of weapons to Afghanistan. QDi.012 Name: 1: NASHWAN 2: ABD AL-RAZZAQ 3: ABD AL-BAQI 4: na ﻧﺸﻮان ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ :(Name (original script Title: na Designation: na DOB: 1961 POB: Mosul, Iraq Good quality a.k.a.: a) Abdal Al-Hadi Al-Iraqi b) Abd Al- Hadi Al-Iraqi Low quality a.k.a.: Abu Abdallah Nationality: Iraqi Passport no: na National identification no: na Address: na Listed on: 6 Oct. 2001 (amended on 14 May 2007, 27 Jul.
    [Show full text]
  • 183 of 2021 UNITED NATIONS (ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES)
    G.N. (E.) 183 of 2021 UNITED NATIONS (ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES) ORDINANCE (Chapter 575) Updating of specification of names of persons designated as terrorists or terrorist associates by the Committees of the United Nations Security Council established pursuant to the Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), as well as the Resolution 1988 (2011) (the Committees) I, John K C Lee, the Secretary for Security, pursuant to:— (a) section 4(1), (2) and (6) of the United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Ordinance (Chapter 575) and all other powers conferred upon me; and (b) the delegation dated 4 September 2002 under section 16 of that Ordinance of the Chief Executive’s functions under section 4 of that Ordinance, hereby:— (c) revoke the notice dated 24 February 2021, published as G.N. (E.) 125 of 2021 in Gazette Extraordinary No. 52/2021, specifying the names of the persons then designated by the Committees as terrorists or terrorist associates; and (d) specify, in the Schedule to this notice, the names of the persons now designated by the Committees as terrorists or terrorist associates. 24 March 2021 John K. C. LEE Secretary for Security SCHEDULE SPECIFICATION OF NAMES OF PERSONS DESIGNATED BY THE COMMITTEES AS TERRORISTS OR TERRORIST ASSOCIATES Res. 1267/1989/2253 List The List established and maintained pursuant to Security Council res. 1267/1989/2253 Generated on: 23 March 2021 "Generated on refers to the date on which the user accessed the list and not the last date of substantive update to the list. Information on the substantive list updates are provided on the Council / Committee’s website." Composition of the List The list consists of the two sections specified below: A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Reformer
    THE GREAT REFORMER THE GREAT REFORMER Biography of Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian Mujaddid (Reformer) of the Fourteenth Century Hijri, Promised Messiah and Mahdi Volume 1 Based on Dr. Basharat Ahmad’s Mujaddid Azam Rendered in English by Hamid Rahman It was the time for the Messiah to come, and of none else If I had not come (as the Messiah), it would have been someone else – Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian, Mujaddid (Reformer) of Fourteenth Century Hijri, The Promised Messiah and Mahdi (The Rightly Guided) © 2007 by Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam (Lahore) USA Inc. P.O. Box 3370, Dublin, OH 43016-0176, U.S.A. All Rights Reserved The Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam, Lahore (Ahmadiyya Association for the Propogation of Islam) was founded at Lahore, Pakistan, in 1914 by the prominent followers of Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. It exists to pro- mote a liberal, tolerant and peaceful picture of Islam, as found in the Holy Quran and the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad. It has published a vast quantity of highly acclaimed literature on Islam in various languages, and has branches and members in several countries. Information, books and free literature on Islam may be obtained by con- tacting: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam (Lahore) USA Inc. Email: [email protected] Phone: (614) 873-1030 Fax: (614) 873-1022 Website: www.muslim.org Printed in Turkey ISBN: 0-913321-98-2 This translation is dedicated to the memory of my mother, Begum Hamida Rahman bint Basharat Ahmad. Hamid Rahman PUBLISHER’S FOREWORD It is with a sense of profound gratitude to Almighty Allah that the Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam, (Lahore) USA is publishing the English translation of the first volume of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Malayalam Language Under Islamic Publishing House
    DEVELOPMENT OF ISLMIC MOVEMENT IN KERALA IN MODERN TIMES ABSTRACT OFTM6 THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF JBoctor of $f)tlo£optvp IN ISLAMIC STUDIES BY MUHAMMED RAFEEQ. T. UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF DR. OBAIDULLAH FAHAD READER DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2010 jS AM^iy XlAM to ^*«m p, *e<* Ml ABSTRACT Islamic movement is generally defined by contemporary scholars as a sincere collective efforts to turn to pure teaching of Islam and to struggle for the purification of the Muslim society from the non- Islamic beliefs and practices. In my thesis the term connotes the sincere efforts made by different Muslim associations of modern Kerala namely the Sunni movement, Islahi movement, Jama'at-e- Islami, Tablighi Jama'at and others in the fields of Islamic reformation and revival. The historians unanimously agree that the positive attitude of native rulers, and the role of sufis, and the ulama were the factors that helped the spread of Islam in Kerala, though they differ on the exact period of the advent of Islam and conversion of the Chera King. The Europeans' penetration and their atrocities affected the progress of Muslim community. Muslims were successful in resisting the Europeans with the help of spiritual leaders but they failed consequently to overcome these imperialist powers. The colonization of imperialist powers and anti-colonial attitude of Muslims later on caused the social, educational, economic and cultural backwardness of the Muslim community in Kerala. The imperialist colonization created an obstacle in the social and education progress of Muslim community earlier started by Makhdums of Ponnani and Qadis of Calicut.
    [Show full text]
  • The HOPE Bulletin (31/08/2009): August 2009 Bulletin —
    Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful .......... The HOPE Bulletin ……….. Health, Ongoing Projects, Education (Vol. 4:2) August 2009 AAIIL Worldwide Edition Editor: Akbar Abdullah CALIFORNIA JAMA‘AT PROJECT: APPROVED BY THE CENTRAL ANJUMAN, LAHORE INTRODUCTION Editor’s Notes Bismillah! With the grace of Allah and with your support and prayers and with the blessings of Hazrat Ameer, Dr. Abdul Karim Saeed, and the Jama‘at , we are stepping into the fourth year of publication of this esteemed journal, The HOPE Bulletin. Jazak Allah! We hope that in the past year we have been able to meet your expectations and have kept your interest alive. We strongly urge you to submit your contributions regularly and give us your feedback. The year 2009 is the fourth calendar year since we embarked on the project of The HOPE Bulletin . The “Du‘a-e-shifa ” and “Obituary announcement & condolence” services were in place. Alhamdollillah , we are pleased that we were able to bring these timely services to you and now we seek your prayers that Allah ( swt ) gives us health, strength and stamina to continue this very useful mission for the Jama‘at . While we try our very best to produce an informative monthly Bulletin for our readers, we are somewhat concerned that a fair number of our worldwide Jama‘at members still do not have access to this publication. We urge our global Jama‘at Secretaries to provide us with an updated list of readers, especially young members of the Jama‘at , so that we can send forward the Bulletin to them.
    [Show full text]