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Eden Area Watershed Assessment

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Eden Area Watershed Assessment Eden Area Watershed Assessment December 2012 Eden Area Watershed Assessment Prepared By Piedmont Triad Regional Council Cy Stober, Water Resources Manager Joy Fields, Environmental Educator Elizabeth Jernigan, Environmental Outreach Coordinator Malinda Ford, GIS Planner Supported By North Carolina Clean Water Management Trust Fund December 2012 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Section 1: Stakeholder Process .................................................................................................................. 4 Watershed Stakeholder Committee .......................................................................................................... 4 Technical Services ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Section 2: Watershed Characterization .................................................................................................... 1 Geography ................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Geology ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Soils ............................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Topography ................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Surface Hydrology ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Floodplains and Wetlands .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Ecological Habitat ...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Watershed Delineation ............................................................................................................................ 29 Section 3: NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) Summary of Existing Monitoring Data ............................. 1 Biological Monitoring ............................................................................................................................... 34 Water Chemistry Monitoring ................................................................................................................... 34 Section 4: Current Land Use .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Watershed Population ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Watershed Land Uses ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Section 5: Review of Local Government Codes, Ordinances, Rules, and Programs .... Error! Bookmark not defined. Watershed Planning ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Comprehensive and Land Development Planning ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Transportation Planning ....................................................................................................................... 60 Zoning .................................................................................................................................................. 60 Land Conservation ............................................................................................................................... 61 Floodplain Regulations ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Agricultural Preservation ...................................................................................................................... 61 Steep Slopes and Wetlands Preservation .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Aquatic Buffers ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Lake and Stream Buffer Regulations ................................................................................................... 62 Better Site Design .................................................................................................................................... 62 Low Impact Development (LID) Techniques ........................................................................................... 63 Parking Lot Regulations & Landscaping ............................................................................................... 65 Open Space Design & Management ................................................................................................... 66 Erosion and Sediment Control .................................................................................................................. 67 Sediment & Erosion Control Practices ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Stormwater Management Practices ......................................................................................................... 67 Design Criteria ..................................................................................................................................... 68 Inspections, Maintenance, Funding Agreements & Responsible Parties ................................................ 68 Non-Stormwater Discharges & Stewardship ............................................................................................ 68 Sewer System Infrastructure ................................................................................................................. 68 Agriculture & Animal Feed Lots ............................................................................................................ 69 Hazardous Waste & Spill Response .................................................................................................... 70 Section 6: Watershed Field Assessments ................................................................................................... 51 Results ...................................................................................................................................................... 73 Streamwalk Assessments ...................................................................................................................... 73 Section 6: Watershed Summary .............................................................................................................. 78 References ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Introduction The Eden Area watershed focuses on the Dan and Smith Rivers and covers approximately 225 square miles in North Carolina and Virginia (Figures 1 & 2). It includes all of the waters draining to the Smith River downstream of the City of Martinsville; to Matrimony Creek, a significant tributary to the Dan River; and to the Dan River between Stoneville and the exit of the river to Virginia in Caswell County, NC. It is bisected by the Virginia-North Carolina state boundary and a US EPA regional (Regions 3 & 4) boundary. The Dan River has been listed as impaired for aquatic life due to high turbidity levels since 2008 by the NC Division of Water Quality (NC DWQ). Similarly, the Smith River has been listed as violating the action level for copper since 2008 by the NC DWQ, impairing its support of aquatic life. The NC DWQ completed a Total Maximum Daily Load assessment (TMDL, aka “pollution diet”) for turbidity on the entire Dan River in 2005, concluding that the dominant sources of sediment are rural erosion sites. The Virginia Division of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ) lists the Smith River and many of its tributaries within this watershed as violating their water quality standard for E. coli, a measurement of fecal material. It conducted a TMDL for E. coli in 2007, and determined that its sources of pollution were non-point sources, primarily from rural areas in Virginia and North Carolina, though stormwater runoff from Martinsville was also attributed as a cause. The VA DEQ recently initiated implementation planning efforts to address the sources of pollution in Virginia. The Dan River is the headwaters of the Roanoke River and is largely undeveloped. Historically, industry in the Dan River Basin was largely based around forestry and agriculture, with tobacco being the largest cash crop. Many of the farmers of the region were sharecroppers who were frequently indebted to large landowners for the use of the land for farming. Conditions were such that many of these farmers intensively developed their acreage for tobacco production, including unmitigated clear cutting and the straightening or filling of streams, leaving just enough area for subsistence crop production. Often, this exploitation of land and soil resources was still not enough to relieve these farmers of their debt obligations, which was only enhanced by the industrialization of tobacco production and increased consumer demand (personal communication with North Carolina and Virginia Soil & Water Conservation District staff). 1 The City of Eden was technically
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