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Architectural Survey of Henry County--Martinsville, Virginia

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ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY OF HENRY COUNTY--MARTINSVILLE, VIRGINIA Prepared by: Hill Studio, P.C. 120 West Campbell Avenue Roanoke, VA 24011 540-342-5263 August 6, 2009 Prepared For: The Henry County- Martinsville Preservation Virginia Department National Trust for Historic Alliance with the Rural of Historic Resources Preservation Heritage Development 2801 Kensington Avenue 1785 Massachusetts Ave., NW Initiative Richmond, VA 23221 Washington DC 20036 Architectural Survey of Henry County Table of Contents Hill Studio, P.C. Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables..............................................................................................................iii Abstract........................................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... 5 Project Background......................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 6 Project Description.................................................................................................................... 6 Methodology................................................................................................................................... 8 Previous Architectural Investigations....................................................................................... 8 Research Methodology Prior to Field Study............................................................................. 9 On-Site Survey Methodology ................................................................................................... 9 Historic Contexts .......................................................................................................................... 10 Overview................................................................................................................................. 10 Contact Period (1607-1750).................................................................................................... 12 Early National Period (1790-1829)......................................................................................... 17 Antebellum Period (1830-1860) ............................................................................................. 23 Civil War (1861-1865)............................................................................................................ 30 Reconstruction and Growth (1866-1916) ............................................................................... 31 World War I to Post-World War II (1917-1959).................................................................... 44 Summary................................................................................................................................. 63 Survey Findings and Evaluation ................................................................................................... 66 Previously Identified Resources ............................................................................................. 66 Survey Findings ...................................................................................................................... 66 Evaluation ............................................................................................................................... 70 National Registrer of Historic Places............................................................................................ 70 Significance............................................................................................................................. 70 Properties Listed on the National Register ............................................................................. 73 Properties Evaluated by VDHR National Register Evaluation Team and Determined Eligible for National Register Listing .................................................................................................. 74 Properties Potentially Eligible for National Register Listing ................................................. 74 Recommendations......................................................................................................................... 75 National Register Listing ........................................................................................................ 75 Further Survey Work .............................................................................................................. 75 Archaeological Survey............................................................................................................ 75 Historic American Building Survey (HABS) / Historic American Engineering Record (HAER)................................................................................................................................... 76 Multiple Property Documentation Form (MPDF) .................................................................. 76 Public Policy ................................................................................................................................. 76 Public Stewardship of Historic Resources.............................................................................. 76 Land Use Issues ...................................................................................................................... 77 Historic Preservation Plan or Element.................................................................................... 77 Geographic Information System (GIS)................................................................................... 77 Archaeological Data Base....................................................................................................... 77 Financial Incentives for Historic Preservation........................................................................ 78 Regulatory Measures: Land Use and Zoning......................................................................... 78 Architectural Survey of Henry County Table of Contents Hill Studio, P.C. Page ii Private Initiatives .......................................................................................................................... 79 Landmark Designation............................................................................................................ 79 State and Federal Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits ........................................................... 80 Historic Easements.................................................................................................................. 80 Conservation Easements ......................................................................................................... 80 Preservation Action: Public and Private ................................................................................. 81 Education ................................................................................................................................ 81 Tourism................................................................................................................................... 81 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 83 Appendices.................................................................................................................................... 88 Appendix A - Henry County Survey (in order of street address) ........................................... 88 Appendix B - Henry County Survey (in order of VDHR #)................................................... 99 Architectural Survey of Henry County List of Figures Hill Studio, P.C. Page iii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1: 2009 Map of Henry County..............................................................................................7 Figure 2: 1859 Map of Virginia including Henry County.. ...........................................................10 Figure 3: Belleview, (NRHP 044-0002)………………………………………………………… 13 Figure 4: Dependencies of the ca. 1820 Marrs Hill (044-5299).................................................. 17 Figure 5: The ca. 1820 Marrs Hill log house (044-5299)............................................................. 20 Figure 6: Smokehouse of Marrs Hill (044-5299)........................................................................ 21 Figure 7: Kitchen/slave quarters of Marrs Hill (044-5299)………………………………… .... 21 Figure 8: The Old Turner Place (NRHP 044-0105) ..................................................................... 21 Figure 9: The 1810 Greenwood, (120-5043)……………………………………………………22 Figure 10: Hordsville (044-0004), the 1836 home of George Hairston II……………………….23 Figure 11: The 1839 Beaver Creek Plantation (NRHP 044-0001)………..…………………......25 Figure 12: The ca. 1850 Flanagan Farmstead (044-5286)……………………………………..27 Figure 13: The ca. 1850 Lester House (044-5267)……………………………………………...28 Figure 14: The Greek Revival Gunnsville/Trenthill (044-0048)………………………………...29 Figure 15: 1865 Map of Henry County…………………………………………………….… …30 Figure 16: Bea Merriman waiting at the Koehler Train Station……………………………… …33 Figure 17: The ca. 1900 E.S. Draper Farmstead (044-5214) ...................................................
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