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HTML5 - Nextgen Web HTML5 - Nextgen Web Learner’S Guide HTML5 - NexTGen Web HTML5 - NexTGen Web Learner’s Guide © 2013 Aptech Limited All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or storing in information retrieval system or sent or transferred without the prior written permission of copyright owner Aptech Limited. All trademarks acknowledged. APTECH LIMITED Contact E-mail: [email protected] Edition 2 - 2013 Dear Learner, We congratulate you on your decision to pursue an Aptech course. Aptech Ltd. designs its courses using a sound instructional design model – from conceptualization to execution, incorporating the following key aspects: Scanning the user system and needs assessment Needs assessment is carried out to find the educational and training needs of the learner Technology trends are regularly scanned and tracked by core teams at Aptech Ltd. TAG* analyzes these on a monthly basis to understand the emerging technology training needs for the Industry. An annual Industry Recruitment Profile Survey# is conducted during August - October to understand the technologies that Industries would be adapting in the next 2 to 3 years. An analysis of these trends & recruitment needs is then carried out to understand the skill requirements for different roles & career opportunities. The skill requirements are then mapped with the learner profile (user system) to derive the Learning objectives for the different roles. Needs analysis and design of curriculum The Learning objectives are then analyzed and translated into learning tasks. Each learning task or activity is analyzed in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes that are required to perform that task. Teachers and domain experts do this jointly. These are then grouped in clusters to form the subjects to be covered by the curriculum. In addition, the society, the teachers, and the industry expect certain knowledge and skills that are related to abilities such as learning-to-learn, thinking, adaptability, problem solving, positive attitude etc. These competencies would cover both cognitive and affective domains. A precedence diagram for the subjects is drawn where the prerequisites for each subject are graphically illustrated. The number of levels in this diagram is determined by the duration of the course in terms of number of semesters etc. Using the precedence diagram and the time duration for each subject, the curriculum is organized. Design & development of instructional materials The content outlines are developed by including additional topics that are required for the completion of the domain and for the logical development of the competencies identified. Evaluation strategy and scheme is developed for the subject. The topics are arranged/organized in a meaningful sequence. The detailed instructional material – Training aids, Learner material, reference material, project guidelines, etc.- are then developed. Rigorous quality checks are conducted at every stage. Strategies for delivery of instruction Careful consideration is given for the integral development of abilities like thinking, problem solving, learning-to-learn etc. by selecting appropriate instructional strategies (training methodology), instructional activities and instructional materials. The area of IT is fast changing and nebulous. Hence considerable flexibility is provided in the instructional process by specially including creative activities with group interaction between the students and the trainer. The positive aspects of Web based learning –acquiring information, organizing information and acting on the basis of insufficient information are some of the aspects, which are incorporated, in the instructional process. Assessment of learning The learning is assessed through different modes – tests, assignments & projects. The assessment system is designed to evaluate the level of knowledge & skills as defined by the learning objectives. Evaluation of instructional process and instructional materials The instructional process is backed by an elaborate monitoring system to evaluate - on-time delivery, understanding of a subject module, ability of the instructor to impart learning. As an integral part of this process, we request you to kindly send us your feedback in the reply pre- paid form appended at the end of each module. *TAG – Technology & Academics Group comprises of members from Aptech Ltd., professors from reputed Academic Institutions, Senior Managers from Industry, Technical gurus from Software Majors & representatives from regulatory organizations/forums. Technology heads of Aptech Ltd. meet on a monthly basis to share and evaluate the technology trends. The group interfaces with the representatives of the TAG thrice a year to review and validate the technology and academic directions and endeavors of Aptech Ltd. Aptech New Products Design Model Key Aspects 1 Scanning the Evaluation of user system Instructional and needs Processes and assessment Material 2 Need Analysis 6 and design of Assessment curriculum of learning 3 Design and Strategies for 5 development of 4 delivery of instructional instructions material A little learning is a dangerous thing, “ “but a lot of ignorance is just as bad Preface HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the markup language popularly used by developers to design Web sites. It is the language for the World Wide Web. It is used for building Web sites that can be as large as a corporate Web site or as small as a single page classroom project. This book covers basic to advanced concepts of HTML5. The book begins with an explanation of basic HTML tags and attributes. It also explains the structure of Web pages using HTML. Then, it proceeds to explain the concept of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). CSS is a technology that helps Web site designers to provide a consistent formatting across large Web sites by separating the content from its styles. Thus, CSS is used to control the look of the Web page by specifying the styles such as color, font, and font size for the HTML content. It can also be used to control the placement of items on a page. The book also explains JavaScript, which is a scripting language used for adding interactivity to Web pages. JavaScript allows programs in an HTML page to respond to user’s actions. These responses could be validating the user’s input, fetching and displaying the requested page, and so on. Finally, the book concludes with explanations of jQuery and HTML5 mobile application support. jQuery is a short and fast JavaScript library that simplifies the client side scripting of HTML, animation, event handling, traversing, and developing AJAX based Web applications. The knowledge and information in this book is the result of the concentrated effort of the Design Team, which is continuously striving to bring to you the latest, the best and the most relevant subject matter in Information Technology. As a part of Aptech’s quality drive, this team does intensive research and curriculum enrichment to keep it in line with industry trends and learner requirements. We will be glad to receive your suggestions. Design Team Nothing is a waste of time if you “ “ use the experience wisely Table of Contents Sessions 1. Introduction to the Web 1 2. Introduction to HTML5 23 3. Formatting Text Using Tags 39 4. Creating Hyperlinks and Anchors 63 5. Introduction to CSS3 75 6. Formatting Using Style Sheets 109 7. Displaying Graphics and CSS3 Animation 139 8. Creating Navigational Aids and Division-Based Layout 171 9. Creating Tables 205 10. HTML Forms 235 11. HTML5 Audio and Video 271 12. Introduction to JavaScript 293 13. Operators and Statements 333 14. Loops and Arrays 367 15. Functions and Objects 397 16. Building a Mobile Web Application 443 17. Canvas and JavaScript 483 18. HTML5 Web Storage 521 19. HTML5 Geolocation and APIs 557 It is hard to fall, but it is worse “ “never to have tried to succeed. Session - 1 Introduction to the Web Welcome to the Session, Introduction to the Web. This session explains the evolution, page structure, and features of HTML5. This session also explains CSS, JavaScript, and jQuery. Finally, the session explains the browser support provided for HTML5. In this Session, you will learn to: Explain the evolution of HTML Explain the page structure used by HTML List the drawbacks in HTML 4 and XHTML List the new features of HTML5 Explain CSS Explain JavaScript Explain jQuery Explain browser support for HTML5 1 Session Introduction to the Web 1.1 Introduction HyperText Markup Language (HTML) was introduced in the year 1990. Since then, there has been continuous evolution in the technology leading to introduction of new versions. Some features were introduced in specifications, whereas others were introduced in software releases. HTML 4 was recommended as a standard by W3C in 1997. HTML5 is the next version of HTML and will be the new standard. HTML 4.01 was the previous version of HTML which was released in 1999. Since then, there have been constant evolutions and additions to the World Wide Web (WWW). Majority of the browsers support HTML5 elements and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). 1.1.1 Evolution of Computing The era of computing started with the use of stand-alone computers to carry out different computing operations. These computers were isolated and not connected to each other. Eventually as the years passed, the growth of computing expanded in multiple diverse fields such as business, education, and military due to quick data processing. With such a huge expansion, organizations felt the need of sharing the processed data among their people to save time and effort. This marked the beginning of computer networks. Organizations began to connect their computers and share data amongst their people. These networks are as follows: Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) LAN refers to a computer network in a small geographical area such as office, home, or school. MAN refers to a network that covers a city. WAN refers to a network that connects LANs and MANs across the globe.
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